653:
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42:
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their ruined homes, since the fire had brought to the fore the issues surrounding the asbestos lining used in the buildings, and prompted the outer refurbishment of the towers. As a mark of respect, the flat on Floor 23 of 10 Red Road Court was never let out again for rent, and instead was refurbished as a drop-in "community flat" with social amenities for the whole estate. Around 1980 the authorities declared two of the blocks (10 Red Road Court and 33 Petershill Drive) unfit as family accommodation and transferred them for use by students and the
561:
710:
obtained against a group of residents who refused to leave their nearby homes during the explosions. Two of the six blocks failed to completely collapse and remained partially standing. The contractors, Safedem carried out a review to determine the best way of completing the demolition and the partial remains of the two flats were eventually demolished using a high reach excavator.
524:
1581:
462:-style skyscraper" in Glasgow, hence the use of the steel frame construction system in place of the "system-built" pre-fabricated concrete panel method which had been used for all other tower blocks built in the city up until that point. This would create one of the estate's most significant legacies – steel construction had to be
482:. For most of the early residents, living in the flats meant a considerable and welcome rise in their living conditions, since most had previously lived in much worse housing, often severely overcrowded, either nearby or elsewhere in the city. From the time they were built until recent years, they were owned by the
705:
criticised the demolition plans and called for the five flats to be "demolished with dignity, not for entertainment". She has said "the image of tower blocks coming down is not a positive international spectacle" and suggests it also conveys disregard for the asylum seekers living in the sixth tower,
686:
on 10 June 2012. The steel structured tower took just six seconds to fall after a series of carefully timed explosions, using 275 kilograms (606 pounds) of explosive, ripped along the building around the sixth to eighth floors. The second block, the 31-floor point block on Birnie Court was demolished
547:
estate, long dominated by ruthless crime gangs. But they were able to strike a nerve in the perceptions of non-residents, owing partly to the "looming" ambience of the blocks which in some ways might be called emblematic. The slab blocks, for example, were not only 25 storeys high but also almost 100
474:
in
February 1963, claiming "it is the best material available in the construction field since it brings into active participation an array of steel erectors, and the resources of an industry which is at present only working at one-third of its capacity", thus suggesting that local politics (primarily
761:
From 19 February to 27 June 2010, the Red Road flats featured in the "Multi-Story" exhibition at
Glasgow's Gallery of Modern Art (GOMA). Multi-story is a collaborative arts project based in the Red Road, established in 2004 by Street Level Photoworks in partnership with The Scottish Refugee Council
709:
In August 2015, Glasgow
Housing Association announced that all six remaining high-rise blocks would be brought down in a one-off demolition later in 2015. The six remaining towers were demolished on 11 October 2015, after Sheriff Court interdicts (the Scottish law equivalent of an injunction) were
678:
On 7 March 2010, the Serykh family, three asylum seekers, jumped to their deaths from one of the towers. These deaths galvanised much in the way of action in and around the Red Road. Various projects now exist to document the end of the flats positively, with the hope that everyone with memories of
514:
Two decades later it became widely known that the use of this material caused illnesses and deaths, and whilst some of it was removed over the course of the life of the buildings – between 1979 and 1982 the buildings were fitted with coloured metal overcladding to cover the exterior asbestos walls,
457:
Contemporary critics of the scheme accused Bunton – who was close to retirement at the time – of championing the development as a personal vanity project; he was well known within
Glasgow Corporation as a strong proponent of high-rise housing; his practice having designed other similar multi-storey
551:
A major turning point came in August 1977, when a fire started by vandals in an empty flat on the 23rd floor of 10 Red Road Court, caused serious structural damage to the building, resulting in the death of a 12-year-old boy and a large number of tenants being evacuated. Many refused to return to
779:(2012); a collection of semi-fictional stories based on anecdotes from real-life residents over the 50-year history of the estate. The novel was illustrated by Mitch Miller, who produced a series of 4 dialectograms (large-scale documentary plan drawings) depicting everyday life within the flats.
774:
Glasgow Life, a part of the city authorities, have a project to document the Red Road experience. This features specially commissioned photography, film and even a novel to celebrate life in 'the scheme'. On 15 March 2010 this was updated to include volume 1 of "Your
Stories" which features the
432:
area that had undergone little development before the construction of the Red Road estate. The original plan for Red Road was far more modest than the eventual high-rise scheme – it called for a complex of maisonettes no taller than 4 storeys. What emerged was
Glasgow Corporation architect Sam
571:
By the time the 1980s had dawned, it had become clear that the optimism that had surrounded the policy of high rise housing had waned in less than two decades, and despite attempts to regenerate the estate, drug dealing, muggings and other serious crime continued, and the towers also became a
757:
in New York), undertook a high wire stunt between two of the Red Road towers, attempting to cross the 45-metre (150 ft) gap between Towers 4 and 5. Although thwarted by
Glasgow's temperamental weather he managed to walk 9 metres (30 ft) across the chasm, backwards on one occasion.
372:
continuing south over
Glasgow and East towards Edinburgh. On a clear day, the buildings were visible on the Glasgow skyline from up to 10 miles (16 kilometres) away. The 31st floor of the point blocks and the corresponding 28th floor of the slabs were reserved as a communal drying area.
506:
were used to ensure the structural integrity of the buildings' steel frames in the event of a fire. Despite contemporary concerns over the suitability of the nature of the fire proofing solution used in the buildings, Bunton vehemently defended it, stating in an article to the
674:
campaign group, set up a local campaign against the demolition, seeking to ensure the scheme's continued existence. However, all the eight buildings were planned for phased demolition beginning in the spring of 2010 and expected to be accomplished within a decade.
376:
Among the best-known of
Glasgow's highrise housing developments of the 1960s, the buildings were formally condemned in July 2008 after a long period of decline, with their phased demolition taking place in three stages between 2010 and 2015.
556:
respectively. These happened to be the blocks closest to the front of the complex when approached from the city centre. Being nearest the bus stop, they were also easiest to locate for the YMCA guests and university students.
336:
shape. The slabs had 28 floors (26 occupiable and 2 mechanical), the point blocks 31 (30 occupiable and 1 mechanical), and taken together, they were designed for a population of 4,700 people. The point blocks were among the
1664:
515:
whilst the slab blocks had additional external fire escapes built in the late 1980s – asbestos was integral to their structure and could not be fully removed until the buildings were demolished.
511:
in 1966; "steel and asbestos in partnership with social others operate as the collective that stabilises Red Road and holds it together, albeit provisionally, as a viable, safe housing solution".
652:
1222:
664:, and that big changes therefore had to be made. In 2005 Glasgow Housing Association announced its intention to demolish one of the tallest blocks as part of a regeneration of the area.
1649:
409:
slum housing, and their replacement with lower density housing schemes to create space for modern developments. The dispersed population would be relocated to new estates built on
718:
The towers have often been used as locations by photographers and film makers, and have been the subject of various literary works. As well as making numerous appearances in the
1659:
892:
Jacobs, J.M.; Cairns, S. and
Strebel, I. '‘A tall storey…but, a fact just the same’: The Red Road highrise as a black box.', 2006, University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences
433:
Bunton's scheme to house a population of 4,700 people in 28- and 31-storey tower blocks which were at the time the highest in Europe, although they were quickly surpassed when
131:
527:
The two most westerly blocks of the complex; 10 Red Road Court (left) and 33 Petershill Drive (centre), were later used as student accommodation and a YMCA, respectively
1654:
802:
632:. At that time, the recipients were individual tenants who opted to buy their homes, or long-term leases thereon. Twenty years later the policy was continued by the
592:
Measures were introduced in the 1980s which gave residents increased protection. These included the control of access through the communal entrance doors by means of
694:
opening ceremony. The spectacle would have the five towers simultaneously felled by controlled explosion, with the footage being broadcast live to large screens in
1033:
494:
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which would remain standing. The demolition plan for the Commonwealth Games was cancelled for safety reasons, but the flats were demolished the following year.
41:
1639:
628:. The practice of transferring housing stock from public to private ownership had initially been launched in the 1970s as a flagship policy promoted by the
1679:
1629:
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construction. All were demolished by 2015. Two were "slabs", much wider in cross-section than they are deep. Six were "points", more of a traditional
1674:
539:
By the 1970s the estate had gained a reputation for anti-social crime, ranging from disaffected youths throwing objects from the roofs to frequent
1370:
979:
624:
The position changed dramatically in 2003 when the flats were transferred, after a ballot, to a housing association in the shape of the Glasgow
1542:
644:
531:
338:
1624:
754:
949:
479:
1451:
690:
In April 2014, it was announced that five of the remaining towers would be given a dramatic explosive demolition as part of the
1634:
414:
405:), with a high proportion of overcrowded slum housing. These areas would see the mass demolition of overcrowded and insanitary
1644:
1253:
862:
470:, a legacy which would blight the estate in the coming years. Bunton argued for the steel frame in numerous letters to the
342:
1479:
784:
475:
lobbying from Glasgow's underworked steel fabrication industries) had shaped the design of the buildings in other ways.
124:
1037:
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215:
828:
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1423:
691:
629:
1140:
1120:
349:. The 30th floor of the point blocks were the highest inhabitable floor level of any building in Glasgow.
771:
in Scotland featured the recollections of Glasgow born film-maker, Matt Quinn, who grew up in the flats.
393:
identified Comprehensive Development Areas (CDAs), which were largely inner-urban districts (such as the
616:. Later residents included people who had fled from countries in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere in Europe.
660:
Soon the new landlords as well as the council insisted that repairs were costing more than receipts in
580:, Red Road became increasingly looked upon as a monument to the errors of Glasgow's ambitious post-war
498:
Flats seen in 1979 before overcladding complete, with many still showing their original exterior walls
739:
543:. Such problems were less severe than those evident in parts of the city such as the nearby low-rise
296:
636:
led council, which transferred its entire housing stock to a single company set up for the purpose.
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625:
390:
957:
807:
797:
683:
544:
478:
The first three towers were formally opened on 28 October 1966, by the then Scottish Secretary,
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1304:
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1194:
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858:
633:
1344:
1223:"Opening with a bang: Glasgow high-rises to be demolished during Commonwealth Games ceremony"
1007:
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767:
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724:
1455:
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442:
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land on the outer periphery of the city's metropolitan area, with others moved out to the
1596:
441:, two 32-storey council blocks in 1971 (these were themselves surpassed by the 42-storey
316:
were a mid-twentieth-century high-rise housing complex located between the districts of
750:
702:
446:
365:
1605:
1618:
775:
recollections of the area by various local people. Alison Irvine published the novel
671:
581:
483:
438:
422:
369:
361:
353:
1428:
984:
386:
1059:
934:
1558:
902:
Bunton, S; Associates (October 1966). "Balornock Glasgow Red Road Development".
695:
418:
333:
329:
253:
1331:"Campaigners vow to form human shield in bid to stop Red Road flats demolition"
560:
17:
613:
434:
429:
410:
357:
321:
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frequent spot for suicides. Along with the equally controversial and derided
147:
133:
1591:
980:"Disappearing Glasgow: documenting the demolition of a city's troubled past"
601:
463:
459:
398:
346:
328:, Scotland. The estate originally consisted of eight multi-storey blocks of
317:
94:
84:
80:
1580:
523:
1371:"Red Road flats: Glasgow city officials apologise for botched demolition"
1348:
1199:
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597:
564:
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503:
467:
406:
402:
1091:
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577:
458:
estates around the city. Bunton was said to have dreamt of "building a
394:
341:
at 89 metres (292 ft), second in overall height behind the former
325:
46:
The Eight Red Road Towerblocks in March 2009. All demolished by 2015.
687:
on 5 May 2013, at 11:46 a.m., taking about four seconds to fall.
679:
the flats will contribute actively to the projects as best they can.
829:"Exhibition shows rise and fall of Glasgow's Red Road tower blocks"
735:
651:
643:
559:
530:
522:
493:
1508:
593:
553:
1034:"website of the Glasgow Housing Association Ltd – the landlord"
425:. These initiatives began to be implemented in the late 1950s.
1279:"Glasgow 2014: Red Road flats demolition dropped from opening"
1008:"Glasgow 2014: Red Road flats demolished for opening ceremony"
753:(famous for his high wire walk between the Twin Towers of the
1195:"Second of Glasgow's iconic Red Road tower blocks demolished"
1169:"Glasgow skyline changes as blast blows down Red Road flats"
682:
The first block, the 28-floor slab block, was demolished by
656:
153–213 Petershill Drive (view from west, before demolition)
1665:
Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion
1305:"Glasgow's Red Road flats to be demolished later this year"
1424:"Red Road demolition ends Glasgow tower blocks' high art"
1454:. Glasgowmuseums.com. 17 November 2009. Archived from
1345:"Glasgow's Red Road flats are demolished by explosion"
1397:"Apology over Red Road tower bock demolition failure"
878:
Bunton, Samuel (9 February 1963). "Letter to Edtor".
27:
Former high-rise housing complex in Glasgow, Scotland
612:By the 1990s, residents included refugees from the
502:During the original construction, large amounts of
352:Views from the upper floors drew the eye along the
302:
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123:
101:
90:
76:
68:
60:
55:
34:
1478:
1092:"Save Our Homes – anti-demolition tenants' group"
803:List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings
535:Red Road Flats, view from Broomfield Road, 2012.
1650:Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland
1254:"Former MSP protests Red Road demolition plans"
1108:. Glasgowarchitecture.co.uk. 11 October 2015.
782:The Red Road Flats were featured in the film
64:Demolished (between June 2012 – October 2015)
8:
728:, the estate was featured in the 2006 film,
1660:Buildings and structures demolished in 2015
1509:"Red Road Flats: Past, Present and Future"
745:In July 2007, the French high wire artist
738:and the Prix de Jury (third prize) at the
600:, and the installation of round-the-clock
31:
1480:"The Rise and Fall of Glasgow's Red Road"
620:Transfer to housing association ownership
1655:Residential buildings completed in 1968
1121:"Mapping the end of the Red Road flats"
819:
857:. Yale University Press. p. 428.
230:Point Blocks=89.0 metres (292 ft)
1592:demolition of 21 Birnie Court (video)
648:Demolition site at the Red Road flats
604:facilities. Crime fell dramatically.
232:Slab Blocks=79.0 metres (259 ft)
7:
1119:McLean, Pauline (28 December 2009).
904:International Asbestos Cement Review
509:International Asbestos Cement Review
1640:Residential skyscrapers in Scotland
1060:"City tower block to be demolished"
1680:2015 disestablishments in Scotland
1630:Modernist architecture in Scotland
922:The Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow
827:Smith, Claire (20 February 2010).
25:
1608:, short video of construction at
1141:"Three dead in plunge from flats"
117:Tower 7: 153–213 Petershill Drive
1579:
1537:. Luath Press Ltd. p. 310.
1106:"Glasgow Architecture, May 2008"
788:(2015) during their demolition.
324:in the northeast of the city of
40:
1675:1966 establishments in Scotland
1422:Stephens, Simon (7 June 2012).
1252:Beaton, Connor (3 April 2014).
437:City Housing Department opened
194:
178:
115:Tower 6: 10–30 Petershill Court
920:Williamson, Elizabeth, et al.
1:
1477:Quinn, Matt (18 March 2010).
385:After the publication of the
343:Bluevale and Whitevale Towers
113:Tower 5: 123 Petershill Drive
1094:. Saveourhomes.blogspot.com.
1036:. Gha.org.uk. Archived from
924:, Penguin Books 1990, p. 477
785:The Legend of Barney Thomson
368:and out to Goat Fell on the
339:tallest buildings in Glasgow
306:W A Fairhurst & Partners
111:Tower 4: 93 Petershill Drive
109:Tower 3: 63 Petershill Drive
107:Tower 2: 33 Petershill Drive
853:Glendinning, Miles (1994).
288:Sam Bunton & Associates
216:Glasgow Housing Association
1696:
1625:Housing estates in Glasgow
105:Tower 1: 10 Red Road Court
1080:. Defend Council Housing.
954:Scottish Architecture.com
466:, which meant the use of
51:
39:
1559:"Red Road Dialectograms"
199:June 2012 – October 2015
148:55.8801500°N 4.2082139°W
119:Tower 8: 21 Birnie Court
1606:Homes In The Sky (1966)
1563:www.redroadflats.org.uk
1533:Irvine, Alison (2012).
1513:www.redroadflats.org.uk
692:2014 Commonwealth Games
626:Housing Association Ltd
567:around the flats (2004)
280:Design and construction
1635:Skyscrapers in Glasgow
937:. Red Road Demolition.
668:Defend Council Housing
657:
649:
582:housing renewal policy
568:
536:
528:
499:
207:£6 million (estimated)
153:55.8801500; -4.2082139
1645:Urban decay in Europe
1597:'End of the Red Road'
655:
647:
563:
534:
526:
497:
364:, then west past the
1601:Disappearing Glasgow
1588:at Wikimedia Commons
1040:on 28 September 2007
950:"Feature – Red Road"
948:Glendinning, Miles.
798:Glasgow tower blocks
740:Cannes film festival
684:controlled explosion
548:metres (300') wide.
449:completed in 1973).
172:Construction started
960:on 23 December 2012
391:Glasgow Corporation
303:Structural engineer
297:Glasgow Corporation
143: /
97:, Glasgow, Scotland
77:Architectural style
56:General information
1670:Former skyscrapers
935:"Asbestos Removal"
808:Towers in the park
765:On 14 March 2010,
755:World Trade Center
714:In popular culture
658:
650:
630:Conservative Party
569:
537:
529:
500:
263:Point Blocks = 31
1584:Media related to
1544:978-1-906817-81-7
1403:. 12 October 2015
1377:. 12 October 2015
1351:. 11 October 2015
1173:BBC Scotland News
428:Barlornock was a
310:
309:
250:Structural system
245:Technical details
16:(Redirected from
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1583:
1567:
1566:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1535:This Road Is Red
1530:
1524:
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1486:The Sunday Times
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1229:. Archived from
1227:Associated Press
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1078:"pressure group"
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956:. Archived from
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918:
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911:
899:
893:
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884:
883:
875:
869:
868:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
824:
777:This Road Is Red
768:The Sunday Times
747:Didier Pasquette
273:Point Blocks = 2
265:Slab Blocks = 28
167:
166:
164:
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1329:
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1314:
1312:
1311:. 3 August 2015
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1285:. 13 April 2014
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1251:
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1236:
1234:
1233:on 7 April 2014
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1167:
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1066:. 9 March 2005.
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1053:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
988:. 22 April 2015
978:
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837:
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794:
749:, a protégé of
716:
672:council housing
642:
622:
610:
590:
574:Hutchesontown C
521:
492:
490:Use of asbestos
455:
443:Barbican Estate
383:
275:Slab Blocks = 6
274:
270:Lifts/elevators
264:
231:
158:
156:
152:
150:
146:
145:
142:
137:
134:
132:
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118:
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47:
28:
23:
22:
18:21 Birnie Court
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1617:
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1594:
1589:
1586:Red Road Flats
1575:
1574:External links
1572:
1569:
1568:
1550:
1543:
1525:
1500:
1469:
1458:on 6 June 2010
1443:
1414:
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1336:
1322:
1296:
1270:
1244:
1214:
1186:
1175:. 10 June 2012
1160:
1149:. 7 March 2010
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1111:
1097:
1083:
1069:
1051:
1025:
1014:. 3 April 2014
999:
971:
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926:
913:
894:
885:
880:Glasgow Herald
870:
863:
845:
818:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
805:
800:
793:
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762:and the YMCA.
751:Philippe Petit
734:, which won a
715:
712:
703:Carolyn Leckie
641:
638:
621:
618:
609:
606:
589:
586:
576:estate in the
520:
517:
491:
488:
472:Glasgow Herald
454:
451:
447:City of London
382:
379:
366:Erskine Bridge
314:Red Road Flats
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135:55°52′48.54″N
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1456:the original
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1434:. Retrieved
1429:The Guardian
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1375:the Guardian
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1231:the original
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1203:. 5 May 2013
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958:the original
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387:Bruce Report
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381:Construction
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285:Architect(s)
138:4°12′29.57″W
29:
1599:, study at
1381:17 February
992:2 September
910:(1): 20–25.
855:Tower Block
838:20 February
701:Former MSP
696:Celtic Park
480:Willie Ross
419:Cumbernauld
334:tower block
330:steel frame
260:Floor count
254:Steel frame
151: /
125:Coordinates
72:Residential
1619:Categories
1493:24 October
1407:12 October
1355:11 October
864:0300054440
814:References
640:Demolition
614:Kosovo War
541:burglaries
435:Birmingham
430:green belt
411:green belt
358:Ben Lomond
322:Barmulloch
196:Demolished
157: (
1452:"Museums"
1258:The Targe
602:concierge
598:intercoms
596:keys and
545:Blackhill
460:Manhattan
453:Criticism
415:New Towns
399:Anderston
389:in 1946,
347:Camlachie
318:Balornock
293:Developer
237:Top floor
180:Completed
95:Balornock
85:Modernist
81:Brutalist
1489:. London
1462:16 March
1432:. London
1401:BBC News
1349:BBC News
1315:5 August
1309:BBC News
1283:BBC News
1200:BBC News
1146:BBC News
1126:BBC News
1064:BBC News
1012:BBC News
792:See also
731:Red Road
670:, a pro-
608:Refugees
565:Graffiti
504:asbestos
468:asbestos
407:tenement
403:Townhead
360:and the
91:Location
1518:10 June
1289:10 June
1263:4 April
1237:3 April
1179:11 June
1044:5 April
1018:3 April
964:8 April
725:Taggart
578:Gorbals
519:Decline
445:in the
395:Gorbals
326:Glasgow
188:Opening
102:Address
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1436:7 June
1153:22 May
861:
222:Height
61:Status
1207:5 May
736:BAFTA
212:Owner
1539:ISBN
1520:2015
1495:2011
1464:2010
1438:2012
1409:2015
1383:2019
1357:2015
1317:2015
1291:2015
1265:2014
1239:2014
1209:2013
1181:2012
1155:2010
1046:2007
1020:2014
994:2018
966:2008
859:ISBN
840:2010
662:rent
594:RFID
554:YMCA
421:and
401:and
320:and
312:The
227:Roof
204:Cost
191:1968
183:1966
175:1964
69:Type
720:STV
417:of
356:to
345:in
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