35:
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Additionally, while he argues that they were under utilised in their infantry roles, and that the amount of time that was spent training as infantry and the resources consumed was disproportionate for the amount of time they spent in the line undertaking infantry tasks. While several units, such as the 2nd
Pioneers at Montrebrehain, undertook successful infantry actions, units such the 1st and 4th Pioneers never saw action directly in their infantry role. Additionally, the units' separation from the field engineers resulted in "administrative, organisational and command and control problems" which even limited their utility as engineering formations.
245:
138:
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in early
October 1918. In the lead up to the battle, the 2nd Pioneers carried out bridging operations over the Somme, but later they were used primarily as infantry during the assault on the village due to heavy losses amongst 2nd Division's infantry battalions earlier in the year. During the battle,
339:
After the war, the concept of pioneer battalions was discontinued in the
Australian Army. In the immediate aftermath of the war, as plans were drawn up for the shape of the post conflict Army, a proposal was put forth to raise six pioneer battalions in the peacetime Army, but a combination of global
232:
was reorganised ahead of its transfer to the
Western Front in Europe. A total of five pioneer battalions were raised by the AIF at this time, with one being assigned to each of the five infantry divisions that the Australians deployed to the battlefield in France and Belgium. Tasked with digging
335:
Within the AIF, according to
Westerman, the pioneer battalion concept was not "effectively employed by Australian commanders". In this regard, Westerman argues that the AIF pioneer battalions were rigidly utilized as either engineers or infantry, instead of "integrating those two functions".
323:, and the battalion saw no further action before the armistice in November. As personnel were repatriated to Australia in drafts as part of the gradual demobilisation of the AIF, the battalion's strength dwindled until finally it was disbanded on 18 May 1919 while in the
307:
the 2nd
Pioneers were moved into the line at night, taking over from an exhausted brigade, and holding their position throughout the night until relieved. Later, the pioneers joined the "mopping up operations", taking up a position to the flank of the
340:
disarmament and financial hardship resulted in this plan being scrapped. As a result, pioneer battalions disappeared from the
Australian Army order of battle until the Second World War, when four such battalions were raised as part of the
348:
were subsequently awarded to the 2nd
Pioneer Battalion – or any other First World War pioneer battalion – as there was no equivalent unit to perpetuate the honours when they were promulgated by the Australian Army in 1927.
233:
trenches, labouring, constructing strong points and light railways, and undertaking battlefield clearance, the troops assigned to the pioneers required construction and engineering experience in addition to basic soldiering skills.
315:, in what historian William Westerman describes as the "most successful use of Australian pioneers in a combat capacity in the entire war". Losses in this final attack amounted to 19 killed and 87 wounded. Shortly afterwards the
260:, under a headquarters company. The battalion subsequently served on the Western Front from mid-1916 until the end of the war. To identify the battalion's personnel, they were issued with a purple and white
264:. The colours were in common with other Australian pioneer battalions, while the diamond shape denoted that the unit was part of the 2nd Division. The battalion's first major action was fought around the
1658:
177:, the 2nd Pioneer Battalion fought in most of the major battles that the AIF participated in between mid-1916 and the end of the war in November 1918. It was subsequently disbanded in early 1919.
279:, and the pioneers were committed to a series of actions aimed at attacking these defences as part of Allied efforts to follow up the Germans. This saw them take part in the fighting during the
205:. This expansion saw several new infantry divisions raised in Egypt and Australia, as well as specialist support units such as machine gun companies, engineer companies, artillery batteries and
1653:
34:
236:
1025:
Westerman, William (2017). "The Handy Man of the
Division: Assessing the effectiveness of the pioneer battalion concept in the First Australian Imperial Force".
838:
Kelly, Darryl (June 2015). "Close But Not Close Enough: Australians
Recommended for the VC But Not Awarded: Private William Edward Cox, 1st Pioneer Battalion".
1648:
765:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. III (12th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
784:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. IV (11th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
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battalions, which were needed to meet the conditions prevalent on the Western Front. Its first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel
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in France and Belgium, after being transferred to the European battlefields shortly after its establishment. Assigned to the
344:. According to Alexander Rodger, as a result of the decision not to re-raise pioneer battalions in the interwar years, no
220:
Trained as infantrymen, they were also tasked with some engineer functions, with a large number of personnel possessing
201:(AIF) was expanded as part of plans to transfer it from the Middle East to Europe for service in the trenches along the
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from civilian life. As such, they were designated as pioneer units. The pioneer concept had existed within the
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The Nominal Roll: 2nd Pioneer Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division, Australian Imperial Force 1916–1919
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before the war, but had not initially been adopted in other British Empire forces. In early 1916, the
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801:(1st ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand.
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in late July 1916, during which it suffered over 200 casualties during a two-week period.
229:
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in early 1918. In August 1918, the 2nd Pioneers supported the Allied advance during the
248:
Grave of a soldier of the 2nd Australian Pioneers in the Montbrehain Military Cemetery.
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was withdrawn from the line for rest at the behest of the Australian prime minister,
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271:
Despite the heavy losses at Pozieres, the pioneers subsequently took part in the
299:
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in July and August 1916. The following year, after the Germans withdrew to the
240:
The 12th Reinforcements for the 2nd Pioneers at Port Melbourne, 30 October 1917
169:(AIF). Formed in Egypt in March 1916, the battalion subsequently served on the
1038:
847:
789:
770:
1057:(1st ed.). Brisbane, Queensland: Victoria Barracks Historical Society.
926:
The AIF in Battle: How the Australian Imperial Force Fought, 1914–1918
922:"The AIF and the Hundred Days: 'Orchestration' for Tactical Success in 1918"
324:
221:
84:
1008:
Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991
867:
989:
ANZACs on the Western Front: the Australian War Memorial battlefield guide
154:
879:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications.
287:
later in the year. In early 1918, they helped to defend against the
243:
235:
823:(3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
1075:
39:
Pioneers from the 2nd Pioneer Battalion at Bapaume, March 1917
419:
417:
970:
The Australian Army: A History of Its Organisation 1901–2001
877:
Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001
1077:
Infantry formations of the First Australian Imperial Force
592:
590:
588:
193:. The battalion was formed in the aftermath of the failed
495:
555:
185:
The 2nd Pioneers were established on 10 March 1916, at
972:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
928:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Publishing.
368:
366:
1659:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
717:"AWM4 14/14/29: October 1918: 2nd Pioneer Battalion"
295:, which ultimately brought about an end to the war.
1624:
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1082:
799:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
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130:
125:
108:
100:
90:
80:
70:
60:
52:
44:
27:
1654:Military units and formations established in 1916
862:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
737:"AWM4 14/14/36: May 1919: 2nd Pioneer Battalion"
189:in Egypt, and were subsequently assigned to the
951:. University of New South Wales. Archived from
252:Formed from volunteers drawn from the state of
896:"Annand, Frederick William Gadsby (1872–1958)"
1010:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press.
991:. Richmond, Victoria: John Wiley & Sons.
781:The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1917
762:The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916
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1027:British Journal for Military History
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797:Dennis, Peter; et al. (1995).
519:
161:unit raised for service during the
18:2/2nd Pioneer Battalion (Australia)
901:Australian Dictionary of Biography
256:, the battalion consisted of four
14:
1649:Australian World War I battalions
342:Second Australian Imperial Force
136:
33:
1664:Pioneer battalions of Australia
1630:1st Anzac Entrenching Battalion
842:. No. 46. pp. 68–71.
821:A Military History of Australia
298:Their final action came around
906:Australian National University
703:. Returned and Services League
1:
165:as part of the all volunteer
840:Contact: Air, Land & Sea
496:Returned and Services League
556:AWM4 14/14/29: October 1918
304:Battle of St. Quentin Canal
281:Second Battle of Bullecourt
1680:
1006:Rodger, Alexander (2003).
860:South West Pacific 1941–45
215:Royal Australian Engineers
15:
743:. Australian War Memorial
723:. Australian War Memorial
199:Australian Imperial Force
167:Australian Imperial Force
32:
987:Pedersen, Peter (2018).
968:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
778:Bean, Charles (1941b) .
701:RSL Virtual War Memorial
313:24th Infantry Battalions
697:"2nd Pioneer Battalion"
623:, pp. 56 & 58.
580:AWM4 14/14/36: May 1919
289:German spring offensive
1553:Machine Gun Battalions
943:Mallett, Ross (2003).
924:. In Bou, Jean (ed.).
894:Laverty, John (1979).
293:Hundred Days Offensive
273:Battle of Mouquet Farm
249:
241:
387:, pp. 83, 90–92.
285:Third Battle of Ypres
247:
239:
151:2nd Pioneer Battalion
28:2nd Pioneer Battalion
945:"Pioneer Battalions"
875:Kuring, Ian (2004).
222:trade qualifications
16:For other uses, see
1053:Walsh, Leo (1993).
955:on 12 November 2009
920:Lee, Roger (2016).
671:, pp. 465–466.
534:, pp. 490–497.
522:, The Hundred Days.
226:British Indian Army
1589:Pioneer Battalions
1580:5th Machine Gun Bn
1575:4th Machine Gun Bn
1570:3rd Machine Gun Bn
1565:2nd Machine Gun Bn
1560:1st Machine Gun Bn
250:
242:
195:Gallipoli campaign
153:was an Australian
1636:
1635:
1064:978-0-64611-259-6
830:978-0-521-69791-0
669:Dennis et al 1995
659:, pp. 33–39.
611:, pp. 51–56.
424:Dennis et al 1995
327:area of Belgium.
262:unit colour patch
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187:Tel-el-Kebir
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91:Part of
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1625:Other units
949:AIF Project
911:13 December
681:Rodger 2003
436:Kuring 2004
385:Kuring 2004
302:amidst the
300:Montbrehain
109:Engagements
1643:Categories
886:1876439998
759:(1941a) .
657:Keogh 1965
484:Bean 1941b
472:Bean 1941b
460:Bean 1941a
448:Bean 1941a
397:Kelly 2015
353:References
157:and light
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568:Grey 2008
358:Citations
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258:companies
217:officer.
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85:Battalion
56:Australia
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858:(1965).
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520:Lee 2016
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181:History
101:Colours
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913:2011
881:ISBN
864:OCLC
844:ISSN
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