994:
1147:
1103:
311:
1619:
390:
258:
1678:
372:
1317:
1206:
1547:
937:
The people in place were quick to adapt to the new tactics, and a new international situation resulted from the change. Though during most of the second half of the 2nd millennium BC several regional powers competed relentlessly for hegemony, many developments occurred: there was new emphasis on
1751:
by 1200 BC. The
Phoenician alphabet was spread throughout the Mediterranean by Phoenician maritime traders and became one of the most widely used writing systems in the world, and the parent of virtually all alphabetic writing systems. The Phoenician language is also the first
2515:
Hood, Sinclair (27 February 2009). "Jane C. Waldbaum: From Bronze to Iron. The
Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, LIV.) Pp. 106; 15 text figures. Göteborg: Paul Åström, 1978. Paper, Sw. kr. 150".
961:
civilization at its final period of time, displayed all its characteristic social traits: low level of urbanization, small cities centered on temples or royal palaces, strict separation of classes between an illiterate mass of peasants and craftsmen, and a powerful military
905:, a system of weaponry developed earlier in the context of plains warfare. This tool of war was unknown among the classical civilizations. Egypt and Babylonia's foot soldiers were unable to defend against the invaders: in
2321:
Klein
Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73–86.
981:, this time riding on horseback, wholly destroyed the Bronze Age world, and were to be followed by waves of social changes that marked the beginning of different times. Also contributing to the changes were the
1283:
is complete. Neolithisation of Sub-Saharan Africa is initiated via expansion from the dried Sahara, reaching West and East Africa. Later in the 2nd millennium, pastoralism and
873:. Combined with a weak economy and difficulty in maintaining order, this was a fragile situation that crumbled under the pressure of external forces they could not oppose.
838:
Spending much of their energies in trying to recuperate from the chaotic situation that existed at the turn of the millennium, the most powerful civilizations of the time,
1575:: in the 12th century BC or 7th century BC, Indians not only innovated use of diamond tipped drills but also invented double diamond tipped drills for bead manufacturing.
2770:
862:
origin, brought governance that was largely popular and approved of among their subjects, and favoured elegant art and architecture. Farther east, the
2618:
2347:
The Kuru kingdom of the late Vedic period was most likely established around 1200 BC, although there are no datable contemporary references.
2506:
2479:
813:
2804:
1483:
827:
1636:
407:
275:
2360:
1658:
429:
297:
1728:), before disappearing from records in the 13th century BC. Hittite is the best known and the most studied language of the extinct
2763:
1640:
1256:
745:
411:
279:
143:. The Ancient Near Eastern cultures are well within the historical era: The first half of the millennium is dominated by the
954:
refrained from taking part in battles, mainly due to its new position as the world's religious and intellectual capital.
1705:. As the most used written form of the Ancient Egyptian language, it is frequently (incorrectly) referred to simply as "
1736:
1686:
830:
for a discussion regarding the accuracy and resolution of dates for events of the 2nd millennium BC in the Near East.
152:
2673:
2966:
2848:
1300:
241:
2350:
1629:
400:
268:
2756:
1284:
1241:
863:
737:
219:
203:
1702:
1340:
855:
839:
806:
690:
509:
2797:
2331:
1713:
1014:
851:
211:
187:
144:
1231:
2945:
2418:
1029:
498:
869:
Egypt and
Babylonia's military tactics were still based on foot soldiers transporting their equipment on
1744:
1698:
1551:
771:
678:
2621:
1019:
943:
882:
546:
349:
223:
2498:
From bronze to iron: the transition from the Bronze age to the Iron age in the eastern
Mediterranean
2413:
1753:
1748:
1729:
1578:
1133:
1118:
1024:
799:
710:
666:
654:
646:
615:
486:
482:
199:
168:
2971:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2790:
2655:
2642:
2576:
2533:
1672:
1591:
1560:
1236:
767:
749:
714:
619:
231:
2471:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2858:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2686:
2568:
2502:
2475:
2356:
1721:
1694:
1194:
1189:
1162:
1111:
1009:
718:
702:
698:
694:
674:
638:
630:
611:
607:
494:
463:
314:
Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage:
183:
136:
54:
44:
2338:
34-1 (1979), 13–25 (p. 22) estimates c. 80 million in 2000 BC and c. 100 million at 1200 BC.
2300:
2241:
2182:
2123:
2064:
2005:
1946:
2560:
2525:
2323:
1803:
1717:
1682:
1566:
1511:
1429:
1177:
1138:
1123:
1062:
894:
847:
775:
763:
741:
729:
686:
670:
662:
658:
650:
642:
603:
599:
542:
530:
156:
2249:
2190:
2131:
2072:
2013:
1954:
1895:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1787:
1453:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1288:
1219:
1214:
1172:
1167:
1128:
998:
993:
706:
682:
562:
558:
526:
235:
195:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
538:
2551:
Kuznetsov, P.F. (2006-09-01). "The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in eastern Europe".
2843:
2838:
2833:
2745:
2739:
2464:
1791:
1584:
1501:
1157:
566:
502:
359:
179:
164:
375:
Map of the
Eastern Hemisphere in 1000 BC, just after the end of the 2nd millennium BC.
2960:
2862:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2580:
2537:
2389:
2327:
1706:
1469:
1433:
1405:
1295:
1251:
1246:
1067:
574:
550:
478:
191:
1146:
2692:
2634:
1534:
1449:
1102:
1084:
1072:
1055:
890:
886:
582:
554:
453:
938:
grandiose architecture, new clothing fashions, vivid diplomatic correspondence on
17:
2496:
2825:
2730:
2600:
2438:
1765:
1725:
1618:
1572:
1305:
1050:
982:
971:
939:
926:
843:
570:
389:
310:
257:
2390:"eruption of Thera | volcanic eruption, Thera, Greece [about 1500 BCE]"
1677:
1110:
Europe is still entirely within the prehistoric era; much of Europe enters the
866:
was in a period of decline, possibly as a result of intense, ruinous flooding.
178:
Other regions of the world are still in the prehistoric period. In Europe, the
2821:
2813:
2661:
2564:
2529:
1761:
1487:
1316:
958:
947:
914:
578:
445:
371:
363:
341:
227:
160:
140:
34:
2572:
2716:
2682:
2645:
1497:
1328:
1001:
978:
338:
244:
rose steadily, possibly surpassing the 100 million mark for the first time.
148:
65:
2607:
2371:
The
Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1740:
1524:
1378:
1043:
1039:
922:
789:
534:
172:
1205:
1756:, the Northwest Semitic languages spoken by the ancient peoples of the
1643: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1601:
1530:
1520:
1507:
1493:
1479:
1465:
1422:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1349:
951:
918:
906:
898:
859:
779:
414: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
282: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
207:
1743:, is attested in the 14th century BC. The first fully phonemic script
1462:
1500 BC – Bantu expansion across central, eastern and southern Africa.
1799:
1757:
1409:
1280:
1151:
1079:
967:
910:
870:
506:
345:
155:
develops. At the center of the millennium, a new order emerges with
2334:). Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes",
966:, knowledge of writing and education reserved to a tiny minority of
1546:
1795:
1773:
1597:
1473:
1426:
1413:
1361:
1268:
1204:
963:
902:
370:
309:
215:
2416:(January 2009), "Scholars crack the code of an ancient enigma",
1034:
490:
2786:
2466:
Technology of the Gods: The
Incredible Sciences of the Ancients
1612:
881:
About a century before the middle of the millennium, bands of
383:
251:
2782:
1569:: Indians invented polishing method in the 10th century BC.
1689:—is believed to be the earliest international agreement
1106:
Approximate spread of the Bell Beaker culture in Europe
139:, it marks the transition from the Middle to the Late
977:
Near the end of the 2nd millennium BC, new waves of
2857:
2820:
1587:, oldest known visual representation of the cosmos.
846:, turned their attention to more modest goals. The
2463:
1747:developed from Egyptian hieroglyphs, becoming the
1209:Approximate spread of the Erlitou culture in China
1697:, the early 2nd millennium saw a transition from
319: Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
135:spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC. In the
2798:
2764:
807:
8:
985:, ship-faring raiders of the Mediterranean.
1813:
1448:1500 BC – Meteorite impact that formed the
950:. Among the great states of the time, only
2805:
2791:
2783:
2771:
2757:
2595:
814:
800:
441:
1659:Learn how and when to remove this message
430:Learn how and when to remove this message
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
1790:, the most ancient attested form of the
1676:
1545:
1315:
1145:
1101:
992:
2606:
2314:
1514:between Ancient Egyptians and Hittites.
1004:around the end of the 2nd Millennium BC
444:
218:) period. North America is in the late
2470:. Adventures Unlimited Press. p.
1542:Inventions, discoveries, introductions
942:, renewed economic exchanges, and the
29:
27:Millennium between 2000 BC and 1001 BC
1442:1500 BC – Volcanic eruption at Thera.
946:of Egypt played the role of the main
167:. The end of the millennium sees the
7:
2384:
2382:
1641:adding citations to reliable sources
1154:, typically dating to the Bronze Age
897:. They were riding fast two-wheeled
412:adding citations to reliable sources
280:adding citations to reliable sources
2501:. Paul Astroms Forlag. p. 69.
828:chronology of the ancient Near East
1794:, was used on the Greek mainland,
1486:between Ancient Egyptians and the
248:The world in the 2nd millennium BC
222:. In Maritime Southeast Asia, the
25:
1287:spread to Central Africa via the
337: complex farming societies (
2462:David Hatcher Childress (2000).
2328:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x
1617:
388:
256:
1628:needs additional citations for
399:needs additional citations for
267:needs additional citations for
2355:, The Rosen Publishing Group,
1373:earthquake damages palaces at
1257:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
331: simple farming societies
206:), propagating the use of the
1:
1517:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1419:
1394:
1367:
1346:
1336:
1321:
1114:early in the 2nd millennium.
468:
186:, presumably associated with
2738:*Relative to year 2000 (
2373:, Cambridge University Press
1732:of Indo-European languages.
1687:Istanbul Archaeology Museum
1320:Volcano eruption at Thera,
55:1st millennium BC
50:2nd millennium BC
45:3rd millennium BC
2988:
2443:World History Encyclopedia
2349:Pletcher, Kenneth (2010),
1737:Northwest Semitic language
1670:
1592:iron smelting and smithing
1301:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
877:Unrest of the 16th century
325: nomadic pastoralists
171:and the transition to the
2565:10.1017/s0003598x00094096
2530:10.1017/S0009840X00236007
2495:Jane C. Waldbaum (1978).
2369:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
1242:Indus valley civilization
889:plains and swept through
864:Indus Valley civilization
738:Indus Valley Civilisation
121:11th century BC
116:12th century BC
111:13th century BC
106:14th century BC
101:15th century BC
96:16th century BC
91:17th century BC
86:18th century BC
81:19th century BC
76:20th century BC
2744:†Relative to year 1950 (
1724:in the 16th century BC (
1341:Seima-Turbino Phenomenon
691:Proto-Villanovan culture
510:Late Bronze Age collapse
214:enters the Pre-Classic (
1550:The gilded side of the
1279:The desiccation of the
1015:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
885:invaders came from the
854:and their contemporary
852:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
358: state societies (
188:Indo-European expansion
145:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
1714:Indo-European language
1712:The earliest attested
1693:In the history of the
1690:
1683:Kadesh peace agreement
1555:
1332:
1210:
1155:
1107:
1030:Middle Assyrian Empire
1005:
746:Ochre Coloured Pottery
376:
368:
194:expansion reaches the
1810:Centuries and Decades
1680:
1671:Further information:
1552:Trundholm sun chariot
1549:
1319:
1208:
1149:
1105:
996:
989:Empires and dynasties
374:
313:
2518:The Classical Review
2419:BBC History Magazine
2352:The History of India
1637:improve this article
1356:– Palace complex in
1093:Prehistoric cultures
1020:New Kingdom of Egypt
593:Eurasia and Siberia
408:improve this article
276:improve this article
163:and the rise of the
2746:BP/Before "Present"
1749:Phoenician alphabet
1720:, first appears in
1685:—on display at the
1579:Phoenician alphabet
1134:Minoan civilization
1119:Aegean civilization
1025:Old Assyrian Empire
826:See the article on
730:Indian subcontinent
711:Atlantic Bronze Age
667:Bell Beaker culture
616:Mezhovskaya culture
200:Indian subcontinent
169:Bronze Age collapse
2437:Cartwright, Mark.
1754:Canaanite language
1691:
1673:Bronze Age writing
1561:Oracle bone script
1556:
1504:sign peace treaty.
1333:
1275:Sub-Saharan Africa
1237:Cemetery H culture
1232:Ahar–Banas culture
1211:
1156:
1150:Women figure of a
1108:
1006:
715:Bronze Age Britain
620:Cherkaskul culture
377:
369:
232:Sub-Saharan Africa
226:expansion reaches
18:2nd millennium BCE
2967:2nd millennium BC
2954:
2953:
2781:
2780:
2508:978-91-85058-79-2
2481:978-0-932813-73-2
2439:"Bantu Migration"
2306:
2305:
1695:Egyptian language
1669:
1668:
1661:
1590:Discovery of new
1537:founded in China.
1523:– destruction of
1484:Battle of Megiddo
1195:Oxus civilization
1190:Andronovo culture
1163:Terramare culture
1010:Ancient Near East
970:, and pronounced
834:Middle Bronze Age
824:
823:
733:(c. 3300–1200 BC)
719:Nordic Bronze Age
703:Golasecca culture
699:Canegrate culture
695:Hallstatt culture
675:Terramare culture
612:Andronovo culture
608:Sintashta culture
440:
439:
432:
308:
307:
300:
159:dominance of the
137:Ancient Near East
133:2nd millennium BC
129:
128:
69:
38:
16:(Redirected from
2979:
2946:16th and earlier
2807:
2800:
2793:
2784:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2733:(2.5 ka–present)
2664:(4.2 ka–present)
2599:Preceded by the
2596:
2585:
2584:
2559:(309): 638–645.
2548:
2542:
2541:
2512:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2386:
2377:
2374:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2319:
1814:
1804:Mycenaean period
1730:Anatolian branch
1718:Hittite language
1664:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1621:
1613:
1567:Tumble polishing
1519:
1512:Battle of Kadesh
1461:
1447:
1441:
1421:
1408:domination over
1396:
1369:
1348:
1338:
1326:
1323:
1178:Urnfield culture
1139:Mycenaean Greece
1124:Cycladic culture
1063:Bronze Age China
895:Northeast Africa
856:Kings of Babylon
816:
809:
802:
764:Arsenical bronze
742:Bronze Age India
734:
687:Urnfield culture
671:Apennine culture
663:Srubnaya culture
659:Catacomb culture
635:
634:(c. 3200–900 BC)
604:Abashevo culture
600:Poltavka culture
596:
595:(c. 2700–700 BC)
523:
522:(c. 3100–300 BC)
475:
473:
470:
442:
435:
428:
424:
421:
415:
392:
384:
360:Fertile Crescent
357:
336:
330:
324:
318:
303:
296:
292:
289:
283:
260:
252:
242:World population
64:
33:
30:
21:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2853:
2816:
2811:
2777:
2736:
2679:
2674:Blytt–Sernander
2631:
2610:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2514:
2509:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2368:
2363:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2250:11th century BC
2191:12th century BC
2132:13th century BC
2073:14th century BC
2014:15th century BC
1955:16th century BC
1896:17th century BC
1837:18th century BC
1828:19th century BC
1819:20th century BC
1812:
1788:Mycenaean Greek
1745:Proto-Canaanite
1703:Middle Egyptian
1675:
1665:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1634:
1622:
1611:
1544:
1389:Minoan eruption
1324:
1314:
1289:Bantu migration
1285:iron metallurgy
1220:Wucheng culture
1215:Erlitou culture
1173:Unetice culture
1168:Tumulus culture
1129:Helladic period
1095:
1042:Old Kingdom in
997:Empires in the
991:
935:
933:Late Bronze Age
913:swept into the
879:
836:
820:
783:
782:
761:
753:
752:
735:
732:
722:
721:
707:Argaric culture
683:Tumulus culture
679:Únětice culture
636:
633:
623:
622:
597:
594:
586:
585:
524:
521:
513:
512:
476:
471:
466:
436:
425:
419:
416:
405:
393:
382:
367:
355:
353:
334:
332:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
304:
293:
287:
284:
273:
261:
250:
236:Bantu expansion
196:Iranian plateau
182:introduces the
157:Mycenaean Greek
125:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2714:
2700:
2690:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2649:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2543:
2507:
2487:
2480:
2454:
2429:
2405:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2361:
2340:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1808:
1792:Greek language
1667:
1666:
1625:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1588:
1585:Nebra sky disk
1582:
1576:
1573:Diamond drills
1570:
1564:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1515:
1505:
1502:Hattusilis III
1491:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1417:
1392:
1382:
1365:
1344:
1325: 1500 BC
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Beaker culture
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1058:
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1046:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
990:
987:
934:
931:
878:
875:
835:
832:
822:
821:
819:
818:
811:
804:
796:
793:
792:
785:
784:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
736:
728:
727:
724:
723:
637:
629:
628:
625:
624:
598:
592:
591:
588:
587:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
477:
461:
460:
457:
456:
449:
448:
438:
437:
396:
394:
387:
381:
378:
354:
333:
327:
321:
315:
306:
305:
264:
262:
255:
249:
246:
180:Beaker culture
165:Hittite Empire
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
70:
61:
60:
58:
57:
52:
47:
41:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2984:
2973:
2970:
2968:
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2934:
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2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2849:4th and later
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
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2751:
2747:
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2741:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:Northgrippian
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
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2582:
2578:
2574:
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2539:
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2527:
2523:
2519:
2510:
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2500:
2499:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2455:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:9781615301225
2358:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1707:Hieroglyphics
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1663:
1660:
1652:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:This section
1624:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Kerma culture
1294:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Malwa culture
1250:
1248:
1247:Jorwe culture
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Shang dynasty
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
995:
988:
986:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Central Asian
884:
883:Indo-European
876:
874:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
833:
831:
829:
817:
812:
810:
805:
803:
798:
797:
795:
794:
791:
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
726:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
590:
589:
584:
580:
576:
575:Shang dynasty
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
517:
516:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
465:
459:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
434:
431:
423:
413:
409:
403:
402:
397:This section
395:
391:
386:
385:
379:
373:
365:
361:
351:
347:
343:
340:
312:
302:
299:
291:
281:
277:
271:
270:
265:This section
263:
259:
254:
253:
247:
245:
243:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Archaic stage
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:and onto the
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
42:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2875:
2861: /
2824: /
2737:
2672:
2671:
2635:Greenlandian
2617:
2616:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2521:
2517:
2513:reviewed in
2497:
2490:
2465:
2457:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2432:
2423:
2417:
2408:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:
2370:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2317:
2248:
2189:
2130:
2071:
2012:
1953:
1894:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1786:
1760:region: the
1734:
1711:
1699:Old Egyptian
1692:
1655:
1646:
1635:Please help
1630:verification
1627:
1535:Zhou dynasty
1450:Kaali crater
1364:, was built.
1278:
1184:Central Asia
1109:
1085:Land of Punt
1073:Zhou dynasty
1056:Kuru Kingdom
976:
972:aristocratic
956:
940:clay tablets
936:
891:Western Asia
880:
868:
837:
825:
583:Zhou dynasty
454:Chalcolithic
426:
417:
406:Please help
401:verification
398:
294:
285:
274:Please help
269:verification
266:
240:
224:Austronesian
192:Indo-Iranian
177:
132:
130:
49:
2731:Subatlantic
2687:10.3†–9† ka
2676:stages/ages
2601:Pleistocene
2414:Keys, David
1766:Phoenicians
1726:Anitta text
1594:techniques.
1306:Nok culture
1051:Vedic India
983:Sea Peoples
944:New Kingdom
927:Mesopotamia
925:swept into
901:powered by
844:Mesopotamia
571:Xia dynasty
499:Mesopotamia
472: 3300
212:Mesoamerica
204:Vedic India
2961:Categories
2662:Meghalayan
2628:(official)
2524:(2): 304.
2448:2022-08-26
2399:2022-08-26
2394:Britannica
2336:Population
2309:References
1762:Israelites
1735:The first
1649:April 2024
1488:Canaanites
1339:2000 BC –
1226:South Asia
1112:Bronze Age
979:barbarians
959:Bronze Age
948:superpower
915:Nile Delta
772:literature
750:Cemetery H
579:Sanxingdui
520:East Asia
446:Bronze Age
420:April 2024
342:Bronze Age
288:April 2024
228:Micronesia
184:Bronze Age
141:Bronze Age
2972:Millennia
2814:Millennia
2717:Subboreal
2697:9–7.5† ka
2683:Preboreal
2581:162580424
2573:0003-598X
2553:Antiquity
2538:161235445
1774:Ammonites
1722:cuneiform
1609:Languages
1600:-wheeled
1498:Ramses II
1472:conquers
1201:East Asia
1002:Near East
917:, and in
651:Mycenaean
474:–1200 BC)
464:Near East
339:Old World
149:Babylonia
66:Centuries
35:Millennia
2703:Atlantic
2608:Holocene
2592:See also
2301:1000s BC
2296:1010s BC
2291:1020s BC
2286:1030s BC
2281:1040s BC
2276:1050s BC
2271:1060s BC
2266:1070s BC
2261:1080s BC
2256:1090s BC
2242:1100s BC
2237:1110s BC
2232:1120s BC
2227:1130s BC
2222:1140s BC
2217:1150s BC
2212:1160s BC
2207:1170s BC
2202:1180s BC
2197:1190s BC
2183:1200s BC
2178:1210s BC
2173:1220s BC
2168:1230s BC
2163:1240s BC
2158:1250s BC
2153:1260s BC
2148:1270s BC
2143:1280s BC
2138:1290s BC
2124:1300s BC
2119:1310s BC
2114:1320s BC
2109:1330s BC
2104:1340s BC
2099:1350s BC
2094:1360s BC
2089:1370s BC
2084:1380s BC
2079:1390s BC
2065:1400s BC
2060:1410s BC
2055:1420s BC
2050:1430s BC
2045:1440s BC
2040:1450s BC
2035:1460s BC
2030:1470s BC
2025:1480s BC
2020:1490s BC
2006:1500s BC
2001:1510s BC
1996:1520s BC
1991:1530s BC
1986:1540s BC
1981:1550s BC
1976:1560s BC
1971:1570s BC
1966:1580s BC
1961:1590s BC
1947:1600s BC
1942:1610s BC
1937:1620s BC
1932:1630s BC
1927:1640s BC
1922:1650s BC
1917:1660s BC
1912:1670s BC
1907:1680s BC
1902:1690s BC
1888:1700s BC
1883:1710s BC
1878:1720s BC
1873:1730s BC
1868:1740s BC
1863:1750s BC
1858:1760s BC
1853:1770s BC
1848:1780s BC
1843:1790s BC
1782:Edomites
1778:Moabites
1770:Amorites
1741:Ugaritic
1602:chariots
1559:Chinese
1525:Troy VII
1406:Egyptian
1379:Phaistos
1263:Americas
1044:Anatolia
1040:Hittites
923:Hittites
899:chariots
848:Pharaohs
790:Iron Age
655:Caucasus
643:Cycladic
543:Majiayao
535:Gojoseon
531:Erligang
487:Caucasus
483:Anatolia
462:Africa,
238:begins.
173:Iron Age
153:alphabet
2725:2.5† ka
2656:4.2† ka
2654:(8.236–
1802:in the
1531:1045 BC
1521:1250 BC
1508:1274 BC
1494:1269 BC
1480:1478 BC
1466:1520 BC
1454:Estonia
1423:1575 BC
1402:1360 BC
1398:1600 BC
1385:1627 BC
1375:Knossos
1371:1700 BC
1358:Knossos
1354:1300 BC
999:Ancient
968:scribes
952:Babylon
919:1595 BC
907:1630 BC
871:donkeys
860:Amorite
850:of the
780:Chariot
768:writing
563:Xindian
559:Wucheng
527:Erlitou
380:History
208:chariot
2693:Boreal
2643:8.236*
2622:stages
2579:
2571:
2536:
2505:
2478:
2426:(1): 9
2359:
2332:pbl.nl
1800:Cyprus
1758:Canaan
1716:, the
1432:sacks
1427:Nubian
1410:Canaan
1312:Events
1281:Sahara
1152:Menhir
1098:Europe
1080:Africa
974:life.
921:, the
911:Hyksos
909:, the
903:horses
760:Topics
647:Minoan
639:Aegean
631:Europe
567:Yueshi
507:Canaan
503:Sistan
495:Levant
356:
346:Olmecs
335:
329:
323:
317:
234:, the
190:. The
161:Aegean
151:. The
2711:5† ka
2639:11.7*
2611:Epoch
2577:S2CID
2534:S2CID
1796:Crete
1598:Spoke
1474:Nubia
1470:Egypt
1434:Egypt
1430:Kerma
1414:Syria
1362:Crete
1331:today
1329:Thera
1269:Olmec
964:elite
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