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2040:, "the 2008 global financial crisis showed that a body that more accurately reflected the weight of emerging economies was needed to help steer the world out of that crisis .... G-20 has thus supplanted the G-8 as the main body for global financial and economic cooperation the G-8 still remains as a forum for political and strategic discussions, and as a caucus within the G-20"; retrieved 2011-05-26
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This annual gathering of international leaders is an international event which is observed and reported by news media; and the G8's relevance and accomplishments are continuing topics of discussion. The event brings leaders together not so they can dream up quick fixes, but to talk and think about
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has been formally included in summits since 1981. The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president
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The summit is a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. The G8 has become a forum for political and strategic
29:
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The G8 summits have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.
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evolved into the premier forum for discussing, planning and monitoring international economic cooperation. The "new G8" is refocusing on the subjects of common interest to the G8 countries, including geopolitical and security issues.
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Security planning was designed to ensure that the summit's formal agenda can remain the primary focus of the attendees' discussions; but effectively this meant converting the seaside resort into a fortress for the G8.
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The 2011 summit meeting was marked by what the G8 called the "Deauville
Partnership" with the people of North Africa. As a start, $ 20 billion were pledged in support for Tunisian and Egyptian reforms due to the
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decided not to attend at the last minute. He worried that volcanic ash from an eruption in
Iceland might delay his return flight to Nigeria; and this could disrupt his planned inauguration ceremonies on May
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Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, but world events caused the list of topics to expand, including such issues such as the
Fukushima nuclear accident, the
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Protesters expressed their concerns about capitalism and what they perceive as the imperialism of western liberal democracies. The demonstrators are widely understood to be against globalisation.
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The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the
European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
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2338:(UK). 27 May, 2011; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110530010615/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43190972/ns/world_news/ "G-8 leaders back Arab Spring revolts,"
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1053:, the conflict in Libya, Iran's nuclear programme, Syria's crackdown on pro-democracy protests, and the selection of a new managing director for the
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In 2010, Sarkozy projected that the summits in
Deauville and Cannes would cost "ten times less" than the preceding Canadian summits.
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The agenda for the summit included some issues which remained unresolved from previous summits. French general priorities included:
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1746:, 19 October 2010; excerpt, "Today, we designated the G-20 as the premier forum for our international economic cooperation" citing
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G8 leaders walking to the first working session at summit in
Deauville. Left to right: European Commission President
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magazines have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998.
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New common challenges: the
Internet, innovation, green growth and a sustainable economy, and nuclear safety
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2018:
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143:(G6) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries:
1914:
Les bons élÚves de la « démocratie » africaine invités au bord de la mer par
Nicolas Sarkozy
1674:; see G8 + G20 + BRICs represented in relational graphic at bottom of page; retrieved 13 February 2011
175:. Hence, The Group of Eight (G8), meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of
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Front banner of the anti-G8 demonstration in Le Havre prior to the G8 summit, featuring the "
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The G-20 and
International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress,
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These summit participants represent the current core members of the international forum:
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According to the Mayor of
Deauville, "Our main interest is the economic implications."
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58:
2318:"G8 leaders wrap up summit, pledge billions of dollars for new partnership with Arab,"
1563:
1145:
Protest groups and other activists were expected to make a showing at the summit. The
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2259:"Obama in Deauville tomorrow: Farewell to the UK and Hello anti G8 Protesters,"
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2993:
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1726:
BOND (British Overseas NGOs for Development). 2008; retrieved 13 February 2011
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For some, the G8 summit became a profit-generating event. For example, the
171:(G7), meeting for the first time in 1979, was formed with the addition of
95:
Previous G8 summits have been hosted by France in locations which include
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701:
694:
2516:. NB: No official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 --
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Deauville, Berlusconi a Obama: da noi dittatura dei giudici di sinistra,
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262:, leading Russian delegates in place for the newly elected President
176:
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144:
89:
1628:(The G8 summit will take place on May, 26th and 27th in Deauville);
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2780:
2710:
2640:
1819:"G8 summit: UK offers Egypt and Tunisia ÂŁ110m to Boost Democracy,:
1784:"Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"
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772:
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Traditional "family photo" at the G8 summit meeting in Deauville
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2368:
Deauville transformé en forteresse pour le G8 des 26 et 27 mai,
1152:("G8 Go Away") was a recurring element of the demonstrations.
204:
2019:"G8 summit set to approve aid package for Tunisia and Egypt,"
1932:"G8 summit set to approve aid package for Tunisia and Egypt,"
1084:
Strengthening the partnership with Africa: a long-term vision
2503:
2049:
Kaur, Hardev. "G20 leaders must deliver on their promises,"
1768:"Implications of the transition from G-7 to G20," pp. 22-26.
286:; French President Nicolas Sarkozy; Canadian Prime Minister
1124:
320:
168:
79:
2381:"Sarkozy says his G8/G20 will cost one-tenth of Canadaâs,"
2032:
Jessop-Kolesnikov, "As G-8 Meets"; excerpt, According to
1766:
Congressional Record Service, R40977: Nelson, Rebecca M.
214:
The forum continues to be in a process of transformation.
1793:
Brookings (US). 27 March 2009; retrieved 13 February 2011
203:
The form and functions of the G8 were reevaluated as the
2467:
Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations.
2110:"On the Heels of Revolution, Economic Realities Arrive,"
1704:
Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,
135:
was the host of the 37th G8 summit in Deauville, France.
3905:
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014
2245:
Reuters (UK). 21 March 2010; retrieved 13 February 2011
1737:"G20 & the November 2010 Seoul summit" (SN/EP/5028)
3891:
Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act
1717:"Influencing Policy on International Development: G8,"
1635:(France). 12 November 2010; retrieved 13 February 2011
1626:
Le sommet du G8 aura lieu les 26 et 27 mai Ă Deauville
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Citizens' responses and authorities' counter-responses
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Reuters (UK), 3 July 2008; retrieved 13 February 2011
1593:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2334:"G8 summit to pledge ÂŁ12bn for Arab spring states,"
3914:
3859:
3797:
3665:
3485:
3405:
3198:
3003:
2820:
2597:
2574:
2509:
Graphic: G20 is not simply the 20 largest economies
64:
54:
46:
38:
21:
2386:(Canada). 27 June 2010; retrieved 13 February 2011
2243:"Q+A: Election defeat poses problems for Sarkozy,"
1987:"As G-8 Meets, Asian Leaders Seek a Bigger Role,"
1803:"G8 highlights euro debt risk to world economy,"
1108:Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
1091:Some of the specific topics on the agenda were:
1087:Peace and security: traditional themes of the G8
2428:Schuetze, "A French Town"; retrieved 2011-05-26
2351:"A French Town's Bright Shine Belies Its Size,"
2289:"On eve of summit, G-8's relevance is unclear,"
1081:The 'Arab Springs': a partnership for democracy
3815:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
3422:Joint session of Congress (health care reform)
2340:MSNBC (US). May 27, 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
1682:
1680:
3175:
2543:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1948:"Ki-Moon in Nigeria to push health campaign,"
1697:
1695:
1066:discussions, and as a caucus within the G20.
326:Host state and leader are shown in bold text.
8:
3986:21st-century diplomatic conferences (Global)
2303:Feldman, Adam. "What's Wrong With The G-8,"
1976:(Nigeria). 27 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
1971:"Ash Cloud Stops Jonathan's Trip to France,"
1921:(Senegal). 25 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
1844:(Germany). 26 Mai 2011; retrieved 2011-05-26
1748:"Pittsburgh G20 Leadersâ summit communiquĂ©,"
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1863:(Italy). 27 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
1773:9 December 2009; retrieved 13 February 2011
1701:Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998).
901:Guest Invitees (International Institutions)
225:The 37th G8 summit was the last summit for
3204:
3182:
3168:
3160:
2550:
2536:
2528:
2253:
2251:
1687:"Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"
1184:Police cars in Deauville belonging to the
27:
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2356:(US). May 25, 2011; retrieved 2011-05-26.
2071:"The priorities of the French Presidency"
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1874:"EU leaders meet press before G8 summit,"
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1588:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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2323:(PRC). 27 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
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1824:(UK). 26 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-26.
939:New Partnership for Africa's Development
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2435:
2294:(US). 6 July 2008; retrieved 2011-05-27
2282:"G8 summit set to approve aid package,"
2271:(UK). 25 May 2011; retrieved 2011-05-27
1889:"AU demands end to NATO Libya strikes,"
1603:
1233:
1643:
1641:
1610:Présidence française du G20 et du G8,
1630:"Le prochain G20 aura lieu Ă Cannes,"
7:
3829:Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
1189:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
1100:Broader Middle East and North Africa
181:President of the European Commission
2003:"Euro Crisis Looms for Group of 8,"
2001:Erlanger, Steven and Liz Alderman.
2241:Crispian Balmer and Kevin Liffey.
1960:(Nigeria). 23 May 2011; 2011-05-27
196:of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975.
16:2011 international leaders meeting
14:
3157:to help reach a consensus. âș
1114:Transatlantic Cocaine Trafficking
4001:Diplomatic conferences in France
1757:25 September 2009, paragraph 50.
1735:Parliament (UK): Townsend, Ian.
1562:
1532:
1523:
1500:
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1469:
1460:
1437:
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1405:
1396:
1373:
1364:
1341:
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1309:
1300:
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1268:
1245:
1236:
1120:G8 political and security issues
1111:The G8's Partnership with Africa
998:
972:
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849:
823:
797:
771:
745:
719:
693:
667:
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615:
558:
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402:
370:
344:
3981:2011 in international relations
3939:â George W. Bush administration
1919:La DĂ©pĂȘche Diplomatique Afrique
3870:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
1672:"G20 rises, G7 & G8 fall?"
1051:European sovereign debt crisis
254:(Medvedev would return to the
188:and West Germany's chancellor
84:was held on 26â27 May 2011 in
1:
4016:Premiership of Stephen Harper
3948:Donald Trump administration â
3674:Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act
2223:Political and security issues
2053:(Malaysia). 20 February 2009.
733:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
298:; and British Prime Minister
4021:Premiership of David Cameron
2419:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2269:International Business Times
2232:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2212:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2192:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2172:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2170:G8 + Partnership with Africa
2159:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2146:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2126:; retrieved 13 February 2011
2099:; retrieved 13 February 2011
1661:; retrieved 13 February 2011
1105:The Internet: new challenges
1055:International Monetary Fund
981:International Monetary Fund
4042:
4026:Presidency of Barack Obama
3591:Killing of Osama bin Laden
3380:Presidential proclamations
3191:Presidency of Barack Obama
3150:Presidency of Barack Obama
1985:Jessop-Kolesnikov, Sonia.
1833:Brost, Marc and Jörg Lau.
596:Guest Invitees (Countries)
290:; Japanese Prime Minister
4011:May 2011 events in Europe
3932:
3569:Withdrawal of U.S. troops
3414:Joint session of Congress
3207:
2349:Schuetze, Christopher A.
1742:November 7, 2010, at the
1022:
930:
925:
918:
907:
899:
602:
594:
565:
556:
331:
318:
26:
3991:21st century in Normandy
3649:Sanctions against Russia
3155:templates for discussion
260:Prime Minister of Russia
186:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
241:Japanese Prime Minister
3884:New Energy for America
2157:Non-proliferation/WMDs
1578:2011 G20 Cannes summit
1194:
1187:
1142:
1136:
310:
302:
258:the following year as
234:Italian Prime Minister
192:as they conceived the
167:starting in 1976. The
136:
3642:Russia nuclear treaty
3320:Judicial appointments
2504:G8 Information Centre
2051:The New Straits Times
2017:MacCormaic, RuadhĂĄn.
1930:MacCormaic, RuadhĂĄn.
1789:June 3, 2010, at the
1183:
1132:
308:
277:
218:Leaders at the summit
130:
3681:MAP-21st Century Act
2444:President of Nigeria
2201:G20/G8 France 2011,
2181:G20/G8 France 2011,
2168:G20/G8 France 2011,
2135:G20/G8 France 2011,
2088:G20/G8 France 2011,
2069:G20/G8 France 2011,
1910:Bejot, Jean-Pierre.
1899:Agence France Presse
1549:Commission President
1230:Core G8 participants
1210:Business opportunity
629:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
577:Commission President
294:; German Chancellor
3835:Debt-ceiling crisis
3808:Affordable Care Act
3503:International trips
2221:G20/G8 France 2011,
2183:Cocaine trafficking
2155:G20/G8 France 2011,
2137:Internet challenges
2108:Karabell, Zachary.
1861:Corriere della Sera
1545:José Manuel Barroso
1070:Schedule and Agenda
572:José Manuel Barroso
280:José Manuel Barroso
252:President of Russia
179:. In addition, the
3915:Environment policy
3612:Anti-ISIL campaign
3598:Libya intervention
3563:War in Afghanistan
3510:by Hillary Clinton
2415:2009-05-18 at the
2401:2009-05-19 at the
2332:Wintour, Patrick.
2307:(US). 7 July 2008.
2228:2012-03-19 at the
2208:2012-03-19 at the
2188:2012-03-19 at the
2142:2012-03-19 at the
2122:2012-03-19 at the
2095:2012-03-19 at the
2076:2012-06-14 at the
1953:2011-05-27 at the
1894:2012-03-18 at the
1817:Wintour, Patrick.
1753:2010-06-12 at the
1722:2012-05-13 at the
1657:2012-03-19 at the
1648:G20/G8 France 2011
1620:2011-02-14 at the
1613:Dossier de presse,
1195:
1143:
785:Mahamadou Issoufou
311:
303:
137:
3958:
3957:
3635:Iran nuclear deal
3481:
3480:
3472:2016 SOTU Address
3465:2015 SOTU Address
3458:2014 SOTU Address
3451:2013 SOTU Address
3444:2012 SOTU Address
3437:2011 SOTU Address
3430:2010 SOTU Address
3366:Executive actions
3140:
3139:
2488:978-0-203-45085-7
2480:978-0-415-16486-3
2448:Goodluck Jonathan
2446:was invited, but
2292:Los Angeles Times
2257:Haddadi, Anissa.
2203:Counter-terrorism
1969:Shehu, Mohammed.
1670:Parliament (UK),
1517:Council President
1513:Herman Van Rompuy
1354:Silvio Berlusconi
1117:Counter-terrorism
1041:
1040:
1017:Secretary-General
991:Managing Director
965:Secretary-General
889:Beji Caid Essebsi
811:Goodluck Jonathan
728:Equatorial Guinea
655:Alassane Ouattara
589:Council President
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650:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
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518:
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416:Angela Merkel
414:
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300:David Cameron
297:
296:Angela Merkel
293:
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162:
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33:Official logo
30:
25:
20:
3946:
3937:
3723:Space policy
3148:
3124:
3072:
2969:
2934:Heiligendamm
2741:Grande Arche
2681:Williamsburg
2517:
2466:
2438:
2424:
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2287:; Lee, Don.
2284:
2280:MacCormaic,
2276:
2268:
2237:
2217:
2197:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2131:
2117:"G8 + BMENA"
2112:
2104:
2084:
2050:
2045:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1884:
1876:
1872:Tang Danlu.
1868:
1860:
1855:
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1813:
1805:
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1482:Barack Obama
1467:
1435:
1403:
1371:
1339:
1307:
1275:
1243:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1134:
1095:Afghanistan;
1090:
1073:
1064:
1047:
900:
858:South Africa
707:Meles Zenawi
681:Essam Sharaf
595:
546:Barack Obama
392:
385:
378:
319:
312:
284:Barack Obama
270:Participants
224:
221:
213:
202:
198:
141:Group of Six
138:
115:(1996); and
105:Grande Arche
94:
77:
75:
39:Host country
3582:Afghanistan
3547:Middle East
3193:(2009â2017)
3143:âč The
2823:(1997â2013)
2600:(1976â1996)
2588:Rambouillet
2406:"official"
2285:Irish Times
2090:Afghanistan
2022:Irish Times
1974:Daily Trust
1935:Irish Times
1806:Independent
1652:What is G8?
1624:; excerpt,
1170:Arab Spring
1012:Ban Ki-moon
986:John Lipsky
955:Arab League
932:Chairperson
759:Alpha Conde
97:Rambouillet
4006:G7 summits
3965:Categories
3656:Cuban thaw
3554:South Asia
3213:Transition
3130:Kananaskis
3089:Carbis Bay
3078:Camp David
3057:La Malbaie
2994:Lough Erne
2984:Camp David
2964:Huntsville
2914:Gleneagles
2904:Sea Island
2884:Kananaskis
2844:Birmingham
2671:Versailles
2661:Montebello
2459:References
1958:The Nation
1583:E-G8 Forum
1326:Chancellor
1044:Priorities
960:Amr Moussa
863:Jacob Zuma
421:Chancellor
163:, and the
101:Versailles
3996:Deauville
3540:East Asia
3387:Memoranda
3334:Sotomayor
3109:Hiroshima
3037:Ise-Shima
2974:Deauville
2472:Routledge
2408:G8 Summit
2038:Singapore
2034:Tommy Koh
1486:President
1422:President
1386:Naoto Kan
1294:President
1216:G8 Summit
1150:G8 dégage
1137:G8 dégage
1036:President
927:Jean Ping
868:President
842:President
816:President
790:President
764:President
738:President
660:President
634:President
551:President
499:President
468:Naoto Kan
394:President
292:Naoto Kan
244:Naoto Kan
86:Deauville
3688:FAST Act
3406:Speeches
3241:Timeline
3200:Timeline
3145:template
3067:Biarritz
3047:Taormina
3017:Brussels
2954:L'Aquila
2470:London:
2413:Archived
2410:magazine
2399:Archived
2336:Guardian
2262:Archived
2226:Archived
2206:Archived
2186:Archived
2140:Archived
2120:Archived
2093:Archived
2074:Archived
1951:Archived
1892:Archived
1842:Die Zeit
1822:Guardian
1787:Archived
1751:Archived
1740:Archived
1720:Archived
1655:Archived
1633:Le point
1618:Archived
1556:See also
1176:Security
1102:(BMENA);
702:Ethiopia
123:Overview
119:(2003).
111:(1989);
103:(1982);
99:(1975);
65:Precedes
3786:2016â17
3348:Garland
3313:Cabinet
3306:Pardons
3297:2016â17
3147:below (
2854:Cologne
2801:Halifax
2751:Houston
2731:Toronto
2569:summits
1706:p. 205.
1317:Germany
1225:Gallery
1141:" theme
908:Member
884:Tunisia
832:Senegal
806:Nigeria
624:Algeria
603:Member
411:Germany
332:Member
208:summits
149:Germany
55:Follows
3533:Europe
3526:Arctic
3424:(2009)
3416:(2009)
3119:Fasano
2834:Denver
2791:Naples
2771:Munich
2761:London
2721:Venice
2691:London
2651:Venice
2621:London
2611:Dorado
2577:(1975)
2486:
2478:
2321:Xinhua
2305:Forbes
1877:Xinhua
1537:
1474:
1442:
1413:Russia
1410:
1378:
1346:
1314:
1285:France
1282:
1253:Canada
1250:
1202:Budget
1147:slogan
1061:Issues
914:Title
754:Guinea
609:Title
489:Russia
380:France
353:Canada
338:Title
177:Russia
173:Canada
159:, the
145:France
90:France
82:summit
42:France
3626:Syria
3341:Kagan
3132:2025)
3121:2024)
3111:2023)
3101:2022)
3091:2021)
3080:2020)
3069:2019)
3059:2018)
3049:2017)
3039:2016)
3029:2015)
3019:2014)
2996:2013)
2986:2012)
2976:2011)
2966:2010)
2956:2009)
2946:2008)
2936:2007)
2926:2006)
2916:2005)
2906:2004)
2896:2003)
2886:2002)
2876:2001)
2874:Genoa
2866:2000)
2856:1999)
2846:1998)
2836:1997)
2813:1996)
2803:1995)
2793:1994)
2783:1993)
2781:Tokyo
2773:1992)
2763:1991)
2753:1990)
2743:1989)
2733:1988)
2723:1987)
2713:1986)
2711:Tokyo
2703:1985)
2693:1984)
2683:1983)
2673:1982)
2663:1981)
2653:1980)
2643:1979)
2641:Tokyo
2633:1978)
2623:1977)
2613:1976)
2590:1975)
1615:p. 27
1599:Notes
1381:Japan
1349:Italy
1098:G8 +
780:Niger
676:Egypt
463:Japan
437:Italy
157:Japan
153:Italy
109:Paris
78:37th
47:Dates
3848:2013
3841:2011
3779:2015
3772:2014
3765:2013
3758:2012
3751:2011
3744:2010
3737:2009
3619:Iraq
3575:Iraq
3290:2015
3283:2014
3276:2013
3269:2012
3262:2011
3255:2010
3248:2009
3126:51st
3115:50th
3105:49th
3095:48th
3085:47th
3074:46th
3063:45th
3053:44th
3043:43rd
3033:42nd
3023:41st
3013:40th
2990:39th
2980:38th
2970:37th
2960:36th
2950:35th
2940:34th
2930:33rd
2920:32nd
2910:31st
2900:30th
2890:29th
2880:28th
2870:27th
2860:26th
2850:25th
2840:24th
2830:23rd
2811:Lyon
2807:22nd
2797:21st
2787:20th
2777:19th
2767:18th
2757:17th
2747:16th
2737:15th
2727:14th
2717:13th
2707:12th
2701:Bonn
2697:11th
2687:10th
2631:Bonn
2520:the
2484:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2442:The
246:and
139:The
113:Lyon
76:The
2677:9th
2667:8th
2657:7th
2647:6th
2637:5th
2627:4th
2617:3rd
2607:2nd
2584:1st
2518:see
2451:29.
2036:of
266:).
250:as
205:G20
3967::
3004:G7
2821:G8
2598:G7
2575:G6
2567:G8
2565:/
2563:G7
2561:/
2559:G6
2490:;
2482:;
2474:.
2250:^
2058:^
1916:,"
1839:,"
1694:^
1679:^
1640:^
1547:,
1515:,
1484:,
1452:,
1420:,
1388:,
1356:,
1324:,
1292:,
1260:,
1172:.
1057:.
239:,
232:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
107:,
92:.
88:,
80:G8
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2551:e
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2524:.
2370:"
2366:"
1912:"
1858:"
1854:"
1835:"
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