1249:, expressing concern about the potential for the price of the drug to be dramatically increased should Catalyst obtain FDA approval, and stating that 3,4-DAPP represented no real innovation and didn't deserve exclusivity under the Orphan Drug Act, which was meant to spur innovation to meet unmet needs. Catalyst responded to this editorial with a response in 2016 that explained that Catalyst was conducting a full range of clinical and non-clinical studies necessary to obtain approval in order to specifically address the unmet need among the estimated 1500-3000 LEMs patients since about 200 were receiving the product through compassionate use – and that this is exactly what the Orphan Drug Act was intended to do: deliver approved products to orphan drug populations so that all patients have full access.
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process that was previously not present in Europe. A 2011 Cochrane review compared the cost of the 3,4-DAP and 3,4-DAPP in the UK and found an average price for 3,4-DAP base of £1/tablet and an average price for 3,4-DAP phosphate of £20/tablet; and the authors estimated a yearly cost per person of £730 for the base versus £29,448 for the phosphate formulation.
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of 3,4-DAP (3,4-DAPP), and obtained an orphan designation for it in Europe in 2002. The hospital licensed the intellectual property on the phosphate form to the French biopharma company OPI, which was acquired by EUSA Pharma in 2007, and the orphan application was transferred to EUSA in 2008. In 2008
1166:
in New Jersey, Jacobus
Pharmaceuticals, about manufacturing amifampridine so they could test it in clinical trials. Jacobus did so, and when the treatment turned out to be effective, Jacobus and the doctors were faced with a choice — invest in clinical trials to get FDA approval or give the drug away
1196:
in an open letter to review the situation. The company responded that it submitted the licensing request at the suggestion of the French government, and points out that the increased cost of a licensed drug also means that it is monitored by regulatory authorities (e.g. for uncommon side effects), a
1191:
The licensing of
Firdapse in 2010 in Europe led to a sharp increase in price for the drug. In some cases, this has led to hospitals using an unlicensed form rather than the licensed agent, as the price difference proved prohibitive. BioMarin has been criticized for licensing the drug on the basis of
1212:
In the face of the seven-year exclusivity that an orphan approval would give to
Biomarin, and of the increase in price that would accompany it, Jacobus began racing to conduct formal clinical trials in order to get approval for the free base form before BioMarin; its first Phase II trial was opened
915:
for the treatment of
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age. This is the first FDA approval of a treatment specifically for pediatric patients with LEMS. The FDA granted the approval of Ruzurgi to Jacobus Pharmaceutical. The only other treatment approved
1256:
to the FDA, and in
February 2016 the FDA refused to accept it, on the basis that it wasn't complete. In April 2016 the FDA told Catalyst it would have to gather further data. Catalyst cut 30% of its workforce, mainly from the commercial team it was building to support an approved product, to save
1220:. Catalyst anticipated that it could earn $ 300 to $ 900 million per year in sales at peak sales for treatment of people with LEMS and other indications, and analysts anticipated the drug would be priced at around. $ 100,000 in the US. Catalyst went on to obtain a
1124:
3,4-Diaminopyridine is yellow solid, although commercial samples often appear brownish. It melts at about 218–220 °C (424–428 °F) with decomposition. Its density of 1.404 g/cm. It is readily soluble in alcohols and hot water, but only slightly in
1841:
Mahé N, Nicolaï B, Allouchi H, Barrio M, Do B, Céolin R, et al. (2013). "Crystal
Structure and Solid-State Properties of 3,4-Diaminopyridine Dihydrogen Phosphate and Their Comparison with Other Diaminopyridine Salts".
1241:
In March 2015, Catalyst obtained an orphan designation for the use of 3,4-DAPP to treat of congenital myasthenic syndrome. In April 2015, Jacobus presented clinical trial results with 3,4-DAP at a scientific meeting.
2561:
Burns TM, Smith GA, Allen JA, Amato AA, Arnold WD, Barohn R, et al. (February 2016). "Editorial by concerned physicians: Unintended effect of the orphan drug act on the potential cost of 3,4-diaminopyridine".
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under the brand name Zenas. EUSA, through a vehicle called Huxley
Pharmaceuticals, sold the rights to 3,4-DAPP to BioMarin in 2009, the same year that 3,4-DAPP was approved in Europe under the new name Firdapse.
1291:. Jacobus Pharmaceutical had been manufacturing and giving it away for free since the 1990s. The FDA decision dropped the stock of Catalyst Pharmaceuticals. The company's stock price has dropped about 50%.
1200:
Meanwhile, in Europe, a task force of neurologists had recommended 3,4-DAP as the firstline treatment for LEMS symptoms in 2006, even though there was no approved form for marketing; it was being supplied
1109:) in different individuals seems to be primarily responsible for the mentioned differences in half-life and AUC: the latter is increased up to 9-fold in slow metabolizers as compared to fast metabolizers.
1048:
efflux in nerve terminals so that action potential duration is increased. Ca channels can then be open for a longer time and allow greater acetylcholine release to stimulate muscle at the end plate.
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money to conduct the trials. In March 2018 the company re-submitted its NDA. The FDA approved amifampridine for the treatment of adults with
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome on November 29, 2018.
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to about 200 patients out of the estimated 1500-3000 LEMS patients in the U.S.. Jacobus elected to give the drug away to this subset of LEMS patients, and did so for about twenty years.
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Nicholl DJ, Hilton-Jones D, Palace J, Richmond S, Finlayson S, Winer J, et al. (November 2010). "Open letter to prime minister David
Cameron and health secretary Andrew Lansley".
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In
October 2012, while BioMarin had a Phase III trial ongoing in the US, it licensed the US rights to 3,4-DAPP, including the orphan designation and the ongoing trial, to
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The drug formulation amifampridine phosphate contains the phosphate salt, more specifically 4-aminopyridine-3-ylammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This salt forms prismatic,
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Amifampridine can cause seizures, especially but not exclusively when given at high doses and/or in particularly vulnerable individuals who have a history of seizures.
3165:
1279:) for the treatment of LEMS in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age. This is the first FDA approval of a treatment specifically for pediatric patients with LEMS.
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were reached after 0.6 (±0.25) hours when taken without food, or after 1.3 (±0.9) hours after a fatty meal, meaning that the speed of absorption varies widely.
81:
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Amifampridine is quickly and almost completely (93–100%) absorbed from the gut. In a study with 91 healthy subjects, maximum amifampridine concentrations in
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896:, which had been manufacturing and giving it away for free since the 1990s, were both seeking FDA approval for their iterations and marketing rights.
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In December 2015 a group of 106 neuromuscular doctors who had worked with both Jacobus and BioMarin/Catalyst published an editorial in the journal,
1303:(MS). A 2002 Cochrane systematic review found that there was no unbiased data to support its use for treating MS. There was no change as of 2012.
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previously conducted research, and yet charging exorbitantly for it. A group of UK neurologists and pediatricians petitioned to prime minister
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Amifampridine, also called 3,4-DAP, was discovered in Scotland in the 1970s, and doctors in Sweden first showed its use in LEMS in the 1980s.
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policies that grant market exclusivity as an incentive for companies to develop therapies for conditions that affect small numbers of people.
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designation for 3,4-DAPP in LEMS in 2013, an orphan designation for congenital myasthenic syndromes in 2015 and an orphan designation for
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854:
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1019:; and combination with drugs that lower the seizure threshold increases the risk of seizures. Interactions via the liver's
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2011:
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has been approved for pediatric patients, this approval makes it possible for adults with LEMS to get the drug
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1495:"FDA approves first treatment for children with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder"
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status in the EU for Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome and Catalyst holds both an orphan designation and a
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1086:(AUC = 117±77 ng∙h/ml) also vary widely between subjects, but are nearly independent of food intake.
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release is inhibited as antibodies involved in the host response against certain cancers cross-react with
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C2/c) and is readily soluble in water. The phosphate salt is stable, and does not require refrigeration.
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In August 2013, analysts anticipated that FDA approval would be granted to Catalyst in LEMS by 2015.
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Sedehizadeh S, Keogh M, Maddison P (2012). "The use of aminopyridines in neurological disorders".
1888:"Evidence Review: Amifampridine phosphate for the treatment of Lambert–Easton Myasthenic Syndrome"
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2350:"International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN) Recommended INN: List 58"
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The combination of amifampridine with pharmaceuticals that prolong QT time increases the risk of
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Because it affects voltage-gated ion channels in the heart, it is contraindicated in people with
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2395:"BioMarin licenses North American rights to rare disease drug, invests $ 5M in Florida company"
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2051:"BioMarin licenses North American rights to rare disease drug, invests $ 5M in Florida company"
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1820:(in German). Vol. 1 (28th ed.). Eschborn, Germany: Govi Pharmazeutischer Verlag.
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is used as a drug, predominantly in the treatment of a number of rare muscle diseases. The
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Vedeler CA, Antoine JC, Giometto B, Graus F, Grisold W, Hart IK, et al. (July 2006).
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2514:"Catalyst Using the Expanded Access Program to Conduct Phase IV Study with LEMS Patients"
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questioned the high price ($ 375,000) charged by Catalyst Pharmaceuticals for Firdapse.
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2465:"Orphan Drug Designations: amifampridine phosphate for congenital myasthenic syndromes"
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2416:
2114:"OPi ou comment construire une biopharma en moins de dix ans - Private Equity Magazine"
1726:
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since the 1990s and was recommended as a first line treatment for LEMS in 2006, using
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2302:"Management of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: report of an EFNS Task Force"
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2774:"Family outraged over life-changing treatment going from free to $ 375,000 a year"
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2875:
2607:"A response to a recent editorial by concerned physicians on 3,4-diaminopyridine"
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1518:
Argov Z (October 2009). "Management of myasthenic conditions: nonimmune issues".
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EUSA submitted an application for approval to market the phosphate form to the
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1645:"Synaptic Pathophysiology and Treatment of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome"
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1802:
FDA Docket 98N-0812: Bulk Drug Substances to be Used in Pharmacy Compounding
1288:
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The development of amifampridine and its phosphate has brought attention to
965:
936:, and those where any kind of defect causes "fast channel" behaviour of the
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2487:"Orphan Drug Designations: amifampridine phosphate for myasthenia gravis"
1735:
981:
456:
130:
2667:"Catalyst Pharmaceuticals hit by FDA extra studies request for Firdapse"
2432:
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2417:"Breakthrough Drug Approval Process and Postmarketing ADR Reporting"
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form, which was developed through a series of companies ending with
1267:
In May 2019, the privately held US company Jacobus Pharmaceutical,
1112:
Amifampridine is eliminated via the kidneys and urine to 74–81% as
557:
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4268:
1055:
933:
750:
741:
632:
568:
117:
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Hawkes N, Cohen D (November 2010). "What makes an orphan drug?".
2012:"A family-run drug maker tries to stay afloat in the Shkreli era"
1993:"Jacobus and Catalyst Continue to Race for Approval of LEMS Drug"
1129:. Solubility in water at 20 °C (68 °F) is 25 g/L.
5913:
4616:
4578:
4361:
2819:"Aminopyridines for symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis"
540:
274:
249:
108:
4939:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
4784:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
3147:
2905:
1044:
on the prejunctional membrane. Amifampridine works by blocking
262:
125:
2705:"Catalyst Pharmaceuticals files new drug application with FDA"
2686:"Catalyst to ax 30% of workforce in wake of FDA trial demands"
892:
in 2012. As of January 2017, Catalyst and another US company,
884:
which obtained European approval in 2009 under the trade name
6155:
4645:
1749:
Rubin-Preminger JM, Englert U (2007). "3,4-Diaminopyridine".
1694:"3,4-diaminopyridine. A potent new potassium channel blocker"
1000:, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, and loss of muscle strength.
5063:
1909:"F.D.A. Deals Setback to Catalyst in Race for Drug Approval"
1356:"Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database"
956:
and in people taking a drug that might prolong QT time like
649:
5991:
Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
4958:
2817:
Solari A, Uitdehaag B, Giuliani G, Pucci E, Taus C (2002).
2748:"Bernie Sanders asks why drug, once free, now costs $ 375K"
1105:-acetylamifampridine. Activity of these enzymes (primarily
225:
157:
5887:
3192:
1299:
Amifampridine has also been proposed for the treatment of
1234:
In October 2014, Catalyst began making available under an
2723:"Firdapse (amifampridine phosphate) FDA Approval History"
2376:"Jacobus Begins Invitation-Only Trial of 3,4-DAP in LEMS"
4157:
916:
for LEMS (Firdapse) is only approved for use in adults.
238:
4848:
4668:
836:
2197:"Drug firms accused of exploiting loophole for profit"
2166:"Huxley Acquisition Lands Biomarin New LEMS Treatment"
1928:"Orphan drugs policies: a suitable case for treatment"
1275:
gained approval by the FDA for amifampridine tablets (
6227:
5145:
2544:"Orrphan designation congenital myasthenic syndromes"
1309:
is a drug that is made from Amifampridine precursor.
869:
forms of the drug, since there was no marketed form.
813:
InChI=1S/C5H7N3/c6-4-1-2-8-3-5(4)7/h1-3H,7H2,(H2,6,8)
2380:
Muscular Dystrophy Association Quest Magazine Online
1591:
Keogh M, Sedehizadeh S, Maddison P (February 2011).
911:
approved amifampridine tablets under the trade name
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5766:
5752:
5695:
5157:
5143:
5134:
5108:
5075:
5061:
5005:
4973:
4956:
4837:
4657:
4643:
4606:
4169:
4155:
4146:
4114:
3204:
3190:
3181:
2987:
2959:
2941:
1116:-acetylamifampridine and to 19% in unchanged form.
771:
761:
739:
726:
699:
694:
675:
643:
615:
587:
567:
539:
511:
483:
455:
444:
435:
410:
382:
357:
340:
321:
304:
294:
286:
215:
210:
185:
171:
145:
98:
80:
72:
62:
57:
2027:
2025:
1969:"Catalyst Pharmaceuticals And Their Business Plan"
1561:Abicht A, Müller J, Lochmüller H (July 14, 2016).
1162:, approached a small family-owned manufacturer of
767:218 to 220 °C (424 to 428 °F) decomposes
76:pyridine-3,4-diamine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 3,4-DAP
6180:
5754:
2081:"Public summary of opinion on orphan designation"
1986:
1984:
1982:
1593:"Treatment for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome"
5818:
424:
6218:Transient receptor potential channel modulators
2793:"FDA undercuts $ 375,000 drug in surprise move"
2129:
2127:
1324:
1322:
399:
391:
1638:
1636:
1586:
1584:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1382:"Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Firdapse"
1158:In the 1990s, doctors in the US, on behalf of
6160:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels
4650:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
3159:
2917:
1811:
1809:
1489:
1487:
1449:"Firdapse Summary of Product Characteristics"
1408:"Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Ruzurgi"
1283:is only approved for use in adults. Although
8:
5068:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel
2075:
2073:
2071:
980:. It is also contraindicated in people with
907:designation in the US. In May 2019 the U.S.
134:
32:
4966:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel
2823:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2648:"Patients Fear Spike in Price of Old Drugs"
1643:Tarr TB, Wipf P, Meriney SD (August 2015).
1597:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
924:Amifampridine is used to treat many of the
6150:
6077:
5995:
5896:
5892:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel
5882:
5827:
5763:
5154:
5140:
5072:
4970:
4654:
4184:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
4166:
4152:
3201:
3197:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels
3187:
3166:
3152:
3144:
2924:
2910:
2902:
2140:. EMA CHMP committee. 2009. Archived from
1902:
1900:
1882:
1880:
1869:Klement A (November 9, 2015). "Firdapse".
1563:"Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Overview"
686:
663:
500:
492:
2838:
2622:
2440:
2317:
1943:
1725:
1668:
1616:
1252:In December 2015, Catalyst submitted its
528:
520:
4162:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels
3050:Sodium phenylbutyrate/ursodoxicoltaurine
1932:The European Journal of Health Economics
1454:. EMA. February 11, 2010. Archived from
853:form of the drug has been used to treat
6234:
4856:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
4676:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
1816:Dinnendahl, V, Fricke, U, eds. (2015).
1318:
1176:Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
1023:enzyme system are considered unlikely.
996:The dose-limiting side effects include
940:. It is also used to treat symptoms of
874:Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
810:
790:
659:
472:
464:
371:
1360:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1334:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1036:In Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome,
888:, and which licensed the US rights to
677:
31:
5150:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels
2410:
2408:
1569:. University of Washington, Seattle.
1063:-(4-Amino-3-pyridinyl)acetamide or 3-
928:, particularly those with defects in
625:
604:
596:
576:
90:
7:
5085:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
2086:. EMA. June 14, 2010. Archived from
1692:Kirsch GE, Narahashi T (June 1978).
631:
198:
4179:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
556:
548:
415:
2172:. October 28, 2009. Archived from
909:Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
25:
6185:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels
5759:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel
2646:Tavernise S (December 22, 2015).
1907:Tavernise S (February 17, 2016).
1207:international nonproprietary name
1164:active pharmaceutical ingredients
942:Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
859:Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
6237:
5823:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel
2319:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01266.x
2195:Goldberg A (November 21, 2010).
2112:Chapelle FX (November 4, 2008).
1926:Drummond M, Towse A (May 2014).
1871:Österreichische Apothekerzeitung
1751:Acta Crystallographica Section E
1089:The substance is deactivated by
717:
711:
49:
40:
1260:In February 2019, U.S. Senator
926:congenital myasthenic syndromes
855:congenital myasthenic syndromes
818:Key:OYTKINVCDFNREN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3641:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)
2709:South Florida Business Journal
2399:San Francisco Business Journal
1609:10.1002/14651858.CD003279.pub3
1160:Muscular Dystrophy Association
705:
1:
6214:Receptor/signaling modulators
3616:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
2306:European Journal of Neurology
2010:Silverman E (April 5, 2016).
1893:. NHS England. December 2015.
1718:10.1016/s0006-3495(78)85503-9
349:(19% unmetabolized, 74–81% 3-
2932:Other nervous system drugs (
2876:10.1097/WNF.0b013e31825a68c5
2512:Radke J (October 29, 2014).
2393:Leuty R (October 31, 2012).
1991:Deak D (February 22, 2016).
1532:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832f15fa
1520:Current Opinion in Neurology
899:Amifampridine phosphate has
2605:McEnany PJ (January 2017).
2374:Wahl M (January 25, 2012).
1967:Lowe D (October 21, 2013).
1873:(in German) (23/2015): 10f.
1473:EMA Index page, product tab
1082:(2.5±0.7 hrs) and the
336:-acetylamifampridine)
6296:
6265:Potassium channel blockers
5177:Antiarrhythmics (class I):
2864:Clinical Neuropharmacology
2665:Adams B (April 26, 2016).
2415:Baker DE (November 2013).
2135:"Assessment report: Zenas"
1209:was published by the WHO.
1067:-acetylamifampridine, the
863:compassionate use programs
777:24 mg/mL (20 °C)
695:Chemical and physical data
353:-acetylamifampridine
317:-acetylamifampridine
6207:
5687:Tricyclic antidepressants
4696:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
3104:
2831:10.1002/14651858.CD001330
2703:Lima D (March 29, 2018).
2170:Pharmaceutical Technology
2033:"Jacobus Pharmaceuticals"
1945:10.1007/s10198-014-0560-1
1771:10.1107/S1600536807001444
1661:10.1007/s12035-014-8887-2
1185:European Medicines Agency
1169:compassionate use program
930:choline acetyltransferase
826:
801:
781:
362:
48:
39:
2684:Adams B (May 17, 2016).
1785:"Diaminopyridine (3,4-)"
1218:Catalyst Pharmaceuticals
1178:had created a phosphate
890:Catalyst Pharmaceuticals
5300:Eslicarbazepine acetate
2791:Drash W (May 8, 2019).
2118:Private Equity Magazine
1236:expanded access program
1013:ventricular tachycardia
882:BioMarin Pharmaceutical
872:Around 2000 doctors at
330:2.5 hrs (amifampridine)
5044:Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
3175:Ion channel modulators
2491:www.accessdata.fda.gov
1649:Molecular Neurobiology
1071:
938:acetylcholine receptor
894:Jacobus Pharmaceutical
3401:Ryodipine (riodipine)
2546:. FDA. Archived from
2176:on September 17, 2020
1205:. In 2007 the drug's
1107:N-acetyltransferase 2
1059:
5390:Valproate semisodium
3921:Carboxyamidotriazole
3856:Gabapentin enacarbil
3836:Arbaclofen placarbil
2969:Mecasermin rinfabate
2357:WHO Drug Information
2037:Drug R&D Insight
1254:new drug application
1222:breakthrough therapy
1095:N-acetyltransferases
1084:area under the curve
1080:Biological half-life
998:tingling or numbness
984:or badly controlled
905:breakthrough therapy
876:created a phosphate
374:Pyridine-3,4-diamine
6041:1,10-Phenanthroline
4598:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
3583:Tetrahydropalmatine
3020:Hydroxybutyric acid
2518:Rare Disease Report
2433:10.1310/hpj4810-796
2055:www.bizjournals.com
1818:Arzneistoff-Profile
1763:2007AcCrE..63O.757R
1710:1978BpJ....22..507K
1698:Biophysical Journal
1336:. 24 September 2021
1032:Mechanism of action
934:downstream kinase 7
773:Solubility in water
258:(Prescription only)
234:(Prescription only)
36:
18:3,4-diaminopyridine
6051:7,8-Benzoquinoline
6046:4,7-Phenanthroline
6036:1,7-Phenanthroline
5412:Local anesthetics:
4944:ML-297 (VU0456810)
4451:Diallyl trisulfide
4446:Dextropropoxyphene
4349:Tetraethylammonium
4056:Pinaverium bromide
3826:4-Methylpregabalin
3131:Never to phase III
2780:. 8 February 2019.
2611:Muscle & Nerve
2564:Muscle & Nerve
1478:2018-09-20 at the
1301:multiple sclerosis
1247:Muscle & Nerve
1072:
1017:torsade de pointes
6225:
6224:
6203:
6202:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6100:Meclofenamic acid
6069:
6068:
5980:
5979:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5812:
5811:
5748:
5747:
5622:RG7893 (GDC-0287)
5385:Valproate pivoxil
5275:Acetylpheneturide
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5057:
5056:
5029:Meclofenamic acid
4992:Ethanol (alcohol)
4952:
4951:
4901:Minoxidil sulfate
4639:
4638:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4041:Otilonium bromide
3966:Ethanol (alcohol)
3730:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
3466:Phenylalkylamines
3141:
3140:
2754:. 5 February 2019
2624:10.1002/mus.25437
2576:10.1002/mus.25009
2550:on July 26, 2015.
2421:Hospital Pharmacy
2271:10.1136/bmj.c6459
2228:10.1136/bmj.c6466
2039:. April 25, 2015.
1856:10.1021/cg3014249
1827:978-3-7741-9846-3
1414:. 23 October 2014
1388:. 23 October 2014
1226:myasthenia gravis
1213:in January 2012.
1167:for free under a
1046:potassium channel
948:Contraindications
844:
843:
752:Interactive image
645:CompTox Dashboard
278:
266:
253:
241:
229:
161:
128:
111:
68:Firdapse, Ruzurgi
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
6287:
6275:4-Aminopyridines
6270:3-Aminopyridines
6242:
6241:
6240:
6233:
6186:
6182:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6078:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5375:Sodium valproate
5290:Chlorphenacemide
5272:Anticonvulsants:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5090:Arachidonic acid
5073:
5069:
5065:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4940:
4936:
4857:
4853:
4809:Dextromethorphan
4785:
4781:
4677:
4673:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4125:L-type-selective
3936:Dimeditiapramine
3898:Others/unsorted:
3680:T-type-selective
3667:R-type-selective
3649:P-type-selective
3601:ω-Conotoxin GVIA
3591:N-type-selective
3221:Dihydropyridines
3215:L-type-selective
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3145:
3084:Deutetrabenazine
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:on June 13, 2018
2520:. Archived from
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2321:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2093:on June 21, 2018
2092:
2085:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1844:Cryst Growth Des
1838:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1757:(2): o757–o758.
1746:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1482:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1461:on June 20, 2018
1460:
1453:
1445:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1052:Pharmacokinetics
954:long QT syndrome
840:
839:
832:
754:
734:
719:
713:
707:
690:
679:
668:
667:
653:
651:
635:
629:
608:
600:
580:
560:
552:
532:
524:
504:
496:
476:
468:
448:
428:
418:
417:
403:
395:
326:
276:
273:
264:
261:
251:
248:
240:
237:
227:
224:
202:
159:
156:
138:
127:
124:
121:
110:
107:
94:
53:
44:
37:
35:
21:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6228:
6226:
6221:
6199:
6184:
6174:
6159:
6134:
6130:Trifluoperazine
6125:Tolfenamic acid
6095:Flufenamic acid
6065:
6022:
5990:
5976:
5958:
5924:Flufenamic acid
5919:Ethacrynic acid
5891:
5864:
5822:
5808:
5790:
5758:
5744:
5691:
5522:Metabutoxycaine
5487:Diphenhydramine
5477:Cyclomethycaine
5442:Levobupivacaine
5149:
5122:
5104:
5067:
5053:
5049:Tolfenamic acid
5024:Flufenamic acid
5019:
5001:
4987:
4965:
4962:
4948:
4938:
4855:
4852:
4833:
4783:
4675:
4672:
4649:
4635:
4620:
4602:
4582:
4491:Norpropoxyphene
4368:11.1)-specific:
4367:
4161:
4134:
4110:
4066:Rhynchophylline
3816:
3196:
3177:
3172:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3121:Clinical trials
3100:
2983:
2955:
2937:
2930:
2900:
2899:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2825:(4): CD001330.
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2427:(10): 796–798.
2414:
2413:
2406:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1973:In the Pipeline
1966:
1965:
1961:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1603:(2): CD003279.
1590:
1589:
1582:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1480:Wayback Machine
1464:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1330:"Ruzurgi APMDS"
1328:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1297:
1174:Doctors at the
1146:
1122:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1021:cytochrome P450
1009:
994:
992:Adverse effects
950:
922:
861:(LEMS) through
835:
833:
830:(what is this?)
827:
822:
819:
814:
809:
808:
797:
794:
789:
788:
757:
732:
722:
716:
710:
671:
647:
639:
611:
583:
563:
535:
507:
479:
451:
431:
414:
406:
378:
375:
370:
369:
331:
324:
296:Bioavailability
288:Pharmacokinetic
282:
206:
174:
167:
148:
141:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6293:
6291:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6223:
6222:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6189:
6187:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6164:
6162:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6105:Mefenamic acid
6102:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6084:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6061:Phenanthridine
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6004:
6002:
5993:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5894:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5825:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5761:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5709:Atracotoxins (
5707:
5701:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5652:Zetekitoxin AB
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5552:Proxymetacaine
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5462:Chloroprocaine
5459:
5454:
5449:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5173:
5172:
5163:
5161:
5152:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5070:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4968:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4850:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4736:Glyclopyramide
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4691:Chlorpropamide
4688:
4683:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4436:Clarithromycin
4433:
4428:
4426:Chlorpromazine
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Paramethadione
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3821:gabapentinoids
3814:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:Non-selective:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3659:ω-Agatoxin IVB
3656:
3654:ω-Agatoxin IVA
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Huwentoxin XVI
3608:
3603:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Cyproheptadine
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Levniguldipine
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Dexniguldipine
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Sodium oxybate
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2870:(4): 191–200.
2854:
2809:
2783:
2765:
2739:
2714:
2695:
2676:
2657:
2652:New York Times
2638:
2597:
2570:(2): 165–168.
2553:
2535:
2504:
2478:
2456:
2404:
2385:
2366:
2341:
2312:(7): 682–690.
2292:
2249:
2206:
2187:
2157:
2123:
2104:
2067:
2042:
2021:
2002:
1997:Bill of Health
1978:
1959:
1938:(4): 335–340.
1918:
1913:New York Times
1896:
1876:
1861:
1850:(2): 708–715.
1833:
1826:
1805:
1800:. Index page:
1776:
1741:
1704:(3): 507–512.
1684:
1655:(1): 456–463.
1632:
1580:
1553:
1526:(5): 493–497.
1510:
1483:
1425:
1399:
1373:
1347:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1296:
1293:
1262:Bernie Sanders
1145:
1142:
1121:
1118:
1097:to the single
1053:
1050:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1008:
1005:
993:
990:
949:
946:
921:
918:
842:
841:
824:
823:
821:
820:
817:
815:
812:
804:
803:
802:
799:
798:
796:
795:
792:
784:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
747:
745:
737:
736:
730:
724:
723:
720:
714:
708:
703:
697:
696:
692:
691:
681:
673:
672:
670:
669:
656:
654:
641:
640:
638:
637:
621:
619:
613:
612:
610:
609:
603:as salt:
601:
593:
591:
585:
584:
582:
581:
573:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
555:as salt:
553:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
527:as salt:
525:
517:
515:
509:
508:
506:
505:
499:as salt:
497:
489:
487:
481:
480:
478:
477:
471:as salt:
469:
461:
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
441:
439:
433:
432:
430:
429:
421:
419:
408:
407:
405:
404:
398:as salt:
396:
388:
386:
380:
379:
377:
376:
373:
365:
364:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
344:
338:
337:
328:
319:
318:
308:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
284:
283:
281:
280:
271:
259:
246:
235:
221:
219:
213:
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
191:
189:
183:
182:
177:
175:administration
169:
168:
166:
165:
163:
153:
151:
143:
142:
140:
139:
122:
104:
102:
96:
95:
88:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6292:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6245:
6235:
6231:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6206:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6115:Niflumic acid
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6072:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6008:Glibenclamide
6006:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5954:Niflumic acid
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5939:Glibenclamide
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Grayanotoxins
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:Batrachotoxin
5723:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5711:ω-Atracotoxin
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5662:Buprenorphine
5660:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:Valproic acid
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:Oxitriptyline
5338:
5336:
5335:Oxcarbazepine
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Licarbazepine
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Carbamazepine
5278:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5167:Antianginals:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5100:Norfluoxetine
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:Niflumic acid
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4955:
4945:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Levcromakalim
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4681:Acetohexamide
4679:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4526:Roxithromycin
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Charybdotoxin
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Trimethadione
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Diproteverine
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Ruthenium red
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Levetiracetam
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:ω-Agatoxin TK
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Niflumic acid
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Levamlodipine
3314:
3312:
3311:Lercanidipine
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Tetrabenazine
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Amifampridine
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2690:FierceBiotech
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2671:FierceBiotech
2668:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2147:on 2018-09-20
2143:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1413:
1412:Health Canada
1409:
1403:
1400:
1387:
1386:Health Canada
1383:
1377:
1374:
1362:. 12 May 2022
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1194:David Cameron
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1127:diethyl ether
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:acetylcholine
1031:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:, especially
1014:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
919:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:Amifampridine
838:
831:
825:
816:
811:
807:
800:
791:
787:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
764:
763:Melting point
760:
753:
749:
748:
746:
743:
738:
731:
729:
725:
704:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:
682:
680:
678:ECHA InfoCard
674:
666:
662:
661:DTXSID6046715
658:
657:
655:
646:
642:
634:
633:RCSB PDB
628:
623:
622:
620:
618:
614:
607:
606:ChEMBL3301611
602:
599:
595:
594:
592:
590:
586:
579:
575:
574:
572:
570:
566:
559:
554:
551:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
526:
523:
519:
518:
516:
514:
510:
503:
498:
495:
491:
490:
488:
486:
482:
475:
470:
467:
463:
462:
460:
458:
454:
447:
443:
442:
440:
438:
434:
427:
423:
422:
420:
413:
409:
402:
397:
394:
390:
389:
387:
385:
381:
372:
368:
361:
356:
352:
348:
345:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
320:
316:
312:
309:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
279: Rx-only
272:
270:
260:
257:
247:
245:
236:
233:
223:
222:
220:
218:
214:
209:
201:
196:
193:
192:
190:
188:
184:
181:
178:
176:
170:
164:
155:
154:
152:
150:
144:
137:
136:Amifampridine
132:
123:
120:
115:
106:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:Amifampridine
30:
19:
6260:Orphan drugs
6210:
6209:
6120:Talniflumate
5658:
5647:Tetrodotoxin
5637:Neosaxitoxin
5628:
5573:
5547:Propoxycaine
5482:Dimethocaine
5415:
5411:
5380:Valnoctamide
5310:Fosphenytoin
5271:
5245:Procainamide
5235:Pilsicainide
5190:Disopyramide
5176:
5166:
5014:
4982:
4932:
4846:
4814:Ethosuximide
4799:Cloperastine
4777:
4746:Metahexamide
4741:Glycyclamide
4701:Glibornuride
4666:
4615:
4577:
4556:Thioridazine
4511:Promethazine
4496:Orphenadrine
4486:Ketoconazole
4471:Erythromycin
4360:
4123:
4051:Phensuximide
4031:Ochratoxin A
3971:Ethosuximide
3897:
3819:-selective (
3811:
3721:
3678:
3665:
3647:
3596:ω-Conotoxins
3589:
3539:
3521:Norverapamil
3486:Dexverapamil
3464:
3438:derivatives:
3434:
3431:Vatanidipine
3426:Trombodipine
3391:Palonidipine
3376:Nitrendipine
3331:Mepirodipine
3236:Azelnidipine
3219:
3213:
3078:hyperkinesis
3076:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2822:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2708:
2698:
2689:
2679:
2670:
2660:
2651:
2641:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2548:the original
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2517:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2459:
2424:
2420:
2398:
2388:
2379:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2344:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:the original
2169:
2160:
2149:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2120:(in French).
2117:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2060:December 17,
2058:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2036:
2015:
2005:
1996:
1972:
1962:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1870:
1864:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1817:
1794:November 28,
1792:. Retrieved
1779:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1652:
1648:
1600:
1596:
1566:
1556:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1465:November 28,
1463:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1340:30 September
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1305:
1298:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1190:
1173:
1157:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1088:
1076:blood plasma
1073:
1064:
1060:
1035:
1027:Pharmacology
1010:
1007:Interactions
1002:
995:
962:disopyramide
951:
923:
920:Medical uses
912:
898:
885:
871:
866:
846:
845:
834:
828:
793:c1cncc(c1N)N
598:ChEMBL354077
578:CHEBI:135948
474:DBSALT002818
350:
333:
323:Elimination
314:
217:Legal status
211:Legal status
100:License data
29:
5786:Triamterene
5740:Poneratoxin
5730:Ciguatoxins
5617:Raxatrigine
5612:Ralfinamide
5607:PF-05089771
5602:PF-04531083
5574:Analgesics:
5532:Piperocaine
5517:Meprylcaine
5512:Mepivacaine
5467:Cinchocaine
5446:Ropivacaine
5438:Bupivacaine
5365:Sipatrigine
5350:Pheneturide
5345:Phenacemide
5330:Mephenytoin
5315:Lamotrigine
5295:Elpetrigine
5250:Propafenone
5195:Dronedarone
4771:Tolbutamide
4761:Repaglinide
4756:Nateglinide
4751:Mitiglinide
4731:Glisoxepide
4716:Glimepiride
4706:Glicaramide
4686:Carbutamide
4588:Linopirdine
4571:Vernakalant
4561:Tolterodine
4551:Terfenadine
4541:Tamulotoxin
4536:Solifenacin
4506:PNU-282,987
4481:Haloperidol
4476:Gigactonine
4456:Domperidone
4441:Darifenacin
4406:Bedaquiline
4391:Azaspiracid
4354:Vernakalant
4289:Linopirdine
4249:Dronedarone
4239:Dendrotoxin
4224:Clamikalant
4096:Tolperisone
4091:Tetrandrine
4081:Sipatrigine
4076:Silperisone
4061:Prenylamine
4001:Lidoflazine
3956:Elpetrigine
3866:Mirogabalin
3770:Lamotrigine
3765:Flunarizine
3760:Efonidipine
3750:Cinnarizine
3745:Cilnidipine
3700:NNC 55-0396
3626:Ralfinamide
3573:Fantofarone
3568:Dronedarone
3553:Budiodarone
3548:Brinazarone
3511:Levemopamil
3411:Sornidipine
3406:Sagandipine
3396:Pranidipine
3371:Nisoldipine
3361:Nilvadipine
3351:Niguldipine
3341:Nicardipine
3306:Lemildipine
3291:Iganidipine
3286:Furnidipine
3251:Cronidipine
3246:Clevidipine
3241:Barnidipine
3231:Aranidipine
3117:from market
3094:Valbenazine
3065:Troriluzole
3010:Eplontersen
3000:Arimoclomol
2758:February 5,
2732:February 5,
2497:January 14,
2471:January 14,
2180:January 14,
2097:January 14,
1567:GeneReviews
1150:orphan drug
1138:space group
1091:acetylation
1042:Ca channels
978:ketoconazol
970:domperidone
901:orphan drug
735: g·mol
684:100.000.201
401:446254-47-3
358:Identifiers
311:Acetylation
73:Other names
64:Trade names
6254:Categories
6090:Bumetanide
6028:Activators
6018:Piretanide
6013:Lonidamine
5964:Activators
5949:Mibefradil
5944:Mefloquine
5934:Furosemide
5929:Fluoxetine
5909:Crofelemer
5796:Activators
5719:Versutoxin
5715:Robustoxin
5697:Activators
5682:Safinamide
5632:Conotoxins
5567:Trimecaine
5562:Tetracaine
5537:Prilocaine
5527:Orthocaine
5502:Iontocaine
5497:Hexylcaine
5492:Etidocaine
5433:Benzocaine
5423:Amylocaine
5405:Zonisamide
5400:Valpromide
5370:Topiramate
5360:Rufinamide
5320:Lacosamide
5285:Cenobamate
5240:Prajmaline
5230:Moricizine
5225:Mexiletine
5220:Lorcainide
5205:Flecainide
5170:Ranolazine
5110:Activators
5095:Fluoxetine
5039:Nimesulide
5021:-specific:
5007:Activators
4989:-specific:
4941:-specific:
4921:Rilmakalim
4911:Nicorandil
4871:Cromakalim
4858:-specific:
4839:Activators
4829:Tipepidine
4819:Ifenprodil
4794:Caramiphen
4786:-specific:
4766:Tolazamide
4726:Gliquidone
4711:Gliclazide
4678:-specific:
4631:Retigabine
4626:Flupirtine
4623:-specific:
4608:Activators
4585:-specific:
4566:Vanoxerine
4546:Terodiline
4531:Sertindole
4521:Ranolazine
4386:Astemizole
4376:Amiodarone
4344:Terikalant
4319:Pinokalant
4304:Nifekalant
4299:Maurotoxin
4294:Lolitrem B
4284:Kaliotoxin
4244:Dofetilide
4234:Dalazatide
4229:Conotoxins
4199:Amiodarone
4194:Almokalant
4116:Activators
4106:Valperinol
4086:Terodiline
4026:Naftopidil
4016:Mesuximide
3946:Enpiperate
3926:Cycleanine
3911:Bevantolol
3901:Bencyclane
3891:Pregabalin
3881:PD-299,685
3876:PD-217,014
3871:PD-200,347
3861:Imagabalin
3851:Gabapentin
3841:Atagabalin
3831:Arbaclofen
3790:Mibefradil
3785:Loperamide
3780:Lomerizine
3755:Dotarizine
3735:Benidipine
3715:Zonisamide
3631:Safinamide
3606:Caroverine
3558:Celivarone
3506:Gallopamil
3461:Siratiazem
3451:Iprotiazem
3441:Clentiazem
3421:Tiamdipine
3416:Teludipine
3381:Olradipine
3366:Nimodipine
3356:Niludipine
3346:Nifedipine
3336:Mesudipine
3326:Manidipine
3301:Lacidipine
3296:Isradipine
3281:Flordipine
3276:Felodipine
3271:Elnadipine
3266:Elgodipine
3256:Darodipine
3226:Amlodipine
3070:Vutrisiran
3040:Pitolisant
3030:Laquinimod
3015:Fampridine
2979:Xaliproden
2797:CNN Health
2617:(1): 138.
2363:(3). 2007.
2151:2015-05-28
1504:2019-05-11
1313:References
1273:New Jersey
1136:crystals (
1134:monoclinic
1099:metabolite
1069:metabolite
974:rifampicin
958:sultopride
740:3D model (
728:Molar mass
617:PDB ligand
530:8HF8FIN815
522:RU4S6E2G0J
485:ChemSpider
437:IUPHAR/BPS
384:CAS Number
367:IUPAC name
306:Metabolism
6211:See also:
6110:Mepacrine
6056:Ivacaftor
5972:Carbachol
5855:Ibuprofen
5845:Amiloride
5804:Solnatide
5776:Amiloride
5705:Aconitine
5667:Evenamide
5642:Saxitoxin
5557:Risocaine
5507:Lidocaine
5452:Butacaine
5428:Articaine
5355:Phenytoin
5265:Tocainide
5260:Sparteine
5255:Quinidine
5215:Lorajmine
5210:Lidocaine
5200:Encainide
5185:Aprindine
4926:Sarakalim
4916:Pinacidil
4906:Naminidil
4896:Minoxidil
4891:Mazokalim
4876:Diazoxide
4866:Bimakalim
4861:Aprikalim
4824:Tertiapin
4804:Clozapine
4721:Glipizide
4516:Quinidine
4466:Ergtoxins
4431:Cisapride
4421:BRL-32872
4401:Azimilide
4364:(KCNH2, K
4339:Tedisamil
4324:Quinidine
4314:Paxilline
4279:Inakalant
4274:Ibutilide
4259:Hanatoxin
4214:Bunaftine
4209:Bretylium
4204:Azimilide
4189:Adekalant
4148:Potassium
4130:Bay K8644
4071:Sesamodil
4021:Monatepil
4011:Manoalide
4006:Magnesium
3991:Imepitoin
3981:Fendiline
3961:Ethadione
3951:Eperisone
3931:Dauricine
3906:Berbamine
3817:δ subunit
3621:PD-173212
3536:Verapamil
3526:Ronipamil
3516:Nexopamil
3501:Falipamil
3496:Etripamil
3481:Devapamil
3476:Dagapamil
3456:Nictiazem
3446:Diltiazem
3436:Diltiazem
3386:Oxodipine
3127:Phase III
3115:Withdrawn
3055:Tafamidis
3035:Patisiran
3025:Inotersen
3005:Edaravone
2951:Tirilazad
2727:Drugs.com
2265:: c6459.
2222:: c6466.
2016:STAT News
1307:Isomazole
1289:off-label
1269:Princeton
1228:in 2016.
1120:Chemistry
966:cisapride
851:free base
342:Excretion
332:4 hrs (3-
325:half-life
173:Routes of
147:Pregnancy
92:Monograph
86:Drugs.com
6280:Diamines
6244:Medicine
6196:instead.
6171:instead.
6082:Blockers
6074:Unsorted
6000:Blockers
5901:Blockers
5878:Chloride
5840:A-317567
5832:Blockers
5781:Benzamil
5768:Blockers
5597:NKTR-171
5592:GDC-0276
5587:Funapide
5582:DSP-2230
5577:AZD-3161
5542:Procaine
5457:Butamben
5305:Ethotoin
5180:Ajmaline
5159:Blockers
5118:Riluzole
5077:Blockers
4975:Blockers
4881:Emakalim
4659:Blockers
4501:Pimozide
4371:Ajmaline
4171:Blockers
3986:Fostedil
3916:Canadine
3886:Phenibut
3846:Baclofen
3795:NP078585
3740:Bepridil
3578:SR-33805
3531:Tiapamil
3491:Emopamil
3471:Anipamil
3206:Blockers
3060:Tofersen
2974:Riluzole
2892:41532252
2884:22805230
2849:12804404
2778:NBC News
2752:NBC News
2633:27756108
2592:46855617
2584:26662952
2528:June 13,
2451:24421428
2336:27161239
2328:16834698
2279:21081607
2244:24929143
2236:21081599
2201:BBC News
1954:24435513
1679:25195700
1627:21328260
1575:20301347
1548:10408557
1540:19593127
1476:Archived
1295:Research
1281:Firdapse
982:epilepsy
886:Firdapse
837:(verify)
457:DrugBank
187:ATC code
180:By mouth
149:category
131:DailyMed
5850:Aspirin
5672:Menthol
5659:Others:
5629:Toxins:
5472:Cocaine
4997:GAL-021
4617:KCNQ (K
4579:KCNQ (K
4396:AZD1305
4334:Sotalol
4329:ShK-186
4309:Notoxin
3996:JTV-519
3976:Fasudil
3705:ProTx I
3685:ABT-639
3672:SNX-482
3543:AH-1058
3540:Others:
3183:Calcium
2840:7047571
2802:May 12,
2442:3859287
2287:2486975
1759:Bibcode
1727:1473482
1706:Bibcode
1670:4362862
1618:7003613
1499:fda.gov
1285:Ruzurgi
1277:Ruzurgi
1144:History
913:Ruzurgi
733:109.132
701:Formula
502:8096351
466:DB11640
412:PubChem
393:54-96-6
300:93–100%
242::
203:)
197: (
195:N07XX05
162: C
133::
116::
6230:Portal
6147:Others
5136:Sodium
4789:Barium
4593:XE-991
4461:E-4031
4411:BeKm-1
4381:AmmTX3
4264:HgeTx1
4254:E-4031
4036:Osthol
3805:TROX-1
3690:ML-218
3110:WHO-EM
2943:Stroke
2890:
2882:
2847:
2837:
2631:
2590:
2582:
2449:
2439:
2334:
2326:
2285:
2277:
2242:
2234:
1952:
1824:
1736:667299
1734:
1724:
1677:
1667:
1625:
1615:
1573:
1546:
1538:
1418:29 May
1392:29 May
1366:13 May
1203:ad hoc
986:asthma
867:ad hoc
786:SMILES
589:ChEMBL
558:D10689
550:D10228
347:Kidney
269:℞-only
267:
254:
244:℞-only
230:
129:
119:by INN
112:
6181:LGICs
5888:CaCCs
5860:PcTX1
5819:ASICs
5146:VGSCs
4416:BmTx3
4269:HsTx1
4158:VGKCs
3193:VDCCs
2988:Other
2888:S2CID
2588:S2CID
2493:. FDA
2467:. FDA
2353:(PDF)
2332:S2CID
2283:S2CID
2240:S2CID
2145:(PDF)
2138:(PDF)
2091:(PDF)
2084:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
1790:. FDA
1788:(PDF)
1544:S2CID
1459:(PDF)
1452:(PDF)
806:InChI
742:JSmol
624:L89 (
569:ChEBI
313:to 3-
6194:here
6192:See
6169:here
6167:See
6156:TRPs
5987:CFTR
5914:DIDS
5755:ENaC
5676:mint
5064:K2Ps
4935:GIRK
4780:GIRK
4646:IRKs
4362:hERG
3710:Z944
3636:Z160
2934:N07X
2880:PMID
2845:PMID
2804:2019
2760:2019
2734:2019
2629:PMID
2580:PMID
2530:2018
2499:2017
2473:2017
2447:PMID
2324:PMID
2275:PMID
2232:PMID
2182:2017
2099:2017
2062:2019
1950:PMID
1822:ISBN
1796:2015
1732:PMID
1675:PMID
1623:PMID
1601:2011
1571:PMID
1536:PMID
1471:See
1467:2015
1420:2022
1394:2022
1368:2022
1342:2021
1180:salt
1093:via
878:salt
857:and
627:PDBe
541:KEGG
513:UNII
494:5705
446:8032
426:5918
290:data
82:AHFS
5418:FBT
4851:ATP
4671:ATP
2961:ALS
2872:doi
2835:PMC
2827:doi
2619:doi
2572:doi
2437:PMC
2429:doi
2314:doi
2267:doi
2263:341
2259:BMJ
2224:doi
2220:341
2216:BMJ
1940:doi
1852:doi
1767:doi
1722:PMC
1714:doi
1665:PMC
1657:doi
1613:PMC
1605:doi
1528:doi
976:or
650:EPA
416:CID
256:POM
200:WHO
114:EMA
6256::
6216:•
5717:,
5713:,
5444:,
5018:Ca
5016:BK
4986:Ca
4984:BK
4961:Ca
4621:7)
4583:7)
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