3169:
1647:
780:
1706:
2100:
952:). The Earth minimum orbit intersection distance (E-MOID) is 0.01945 AU (2,910,000 km; 1,808,000 mi), which is defined by the shortest distance between the orbit of Phaethon and the orbit of Earth. With a 30+ year observation arc, the orbit of Phaethon is very well understood with very small uncertainties. Close approaches of Phaethon are well constrained for the next 400 years.
1485:
1740:
1720:
1696:
The asteroid was bright enough to see in small telescopes, peaking at magnitude 10.8 between
December 13–15 while dimming slightly to magnitude 11 on December 16 at closest approach. Arecibo made observations of Phaethon from December 15–19. It will not make an Earth approach closer than the 2017
1551:
because it is composed of dark material or a B-type asteroid because of its blue color. In 2022 it was shown how
Phaethon's blue color and its rock-comet-like emission activity can be explained by the effects of the intense solar heating at perihelion causing sublimation of any darkish-red
1610:(Demonstration and Experiment of Space Technology for INterplanetary voYage Phaethon fLyby dUSt science) is a planned mission to fly by 3200 Phaethon, as well as various minor bodies originating from it. The spacecraft is being developed by the Japanese space agency
1591:
observed that the "orbital elements of 1983 TB shown on IAUC 3879 are virtually coincident with the mean orbital elements of 19 Geminid meteors photographed with the super-Schmidt meteor cameras". In other words, Phaethon is the long-sought parent body of the
2935:
1985:
Kartashova, A.; Husarik, M.; Ivanova, O.; Kokhirova, G.; Bakanas, E.; Sokolov, I.; Khamroev, U. Kh.; Ibragimov, A. A. (June 5, 2019), "Photometric observations of the asteroid 3200 Phaethon using small and middle telescopes",
217:
2133:
3308:
3000:
1528:
to push any separated pieces off the asteroid's surface. Since its discovery, several other objects were found exhibiting mixed cometary and asteroidal features, such as
3243:
3658:
3573:
2579:
497:
2725:
Lisse, Carey; Steckloff, Jordan (2022). "Thermal alteration and differential sublimation can create
Phaethon's "rock comet" activity and blue color".
3603:
1508:
spacecraft in 2009 and 2012, rapid brightening and dust tail have been observed. It is possible that the Sun's heat is causing fractures similar to
3301:
900:
as a result of its high orbital eccentricity. The surface temperature at perihelion could reach around 1,025 K (750 °C; 1,390 °F).
931:(PHA), but that does not mean there is a near-term threat of an impact. It is a potentially hazardous asteroid merely as a result of its size (
885:
3236:
3113:
1539:
In 2018, observations revealed that
Phaethon was blue in color. This is extremely rare, as most asteroids tend to be grey or red. In 2020,
3269:
2792:
MacLennan, Eric; Granvik, Mikael (November 2, 2023). "Thermal decomposition as the activity driver of near-Earth asteroid (3200) Phaethon".
893:
889:
670:
161:
3653:
3613:
1614:, and will demonstrate advanced technologies for future deep space exploration. DESTINY is planned to be launched no earlier than 2024.
942:
897:
474:
461:
450:
3648:
3638:
3294:
2193:
Devogèle, Maxime; MacLennan, Eric; Gustafsson, Annika; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Chatelain, Joey; Borisov, Galin; et al. (June 2020).
2141:
3643:
3623:
3618:
3425:
2397:
2069:
2633:
3628:
3229:
1575:. These minerals decompose at the temperatures that Phaethon reaches at perihelion, resulting in outgassing, in a process called
55:
40:
3608:
2682:
1839:
756:
414:
3357:
963:
928:
333:
187:
3516:
2587:
3593:
3588:
3190:
1766:
1686:
759:(IRAS) data for moving objects. It was formally announced on October 14 in IAUC 3878 along with optical confirmation by
2655:
Golubeva, L. F.; Shestopalov, D. I.; Kvaratskhelia, O. I. (2020). "Polarimetric properties of asteroid 3200 Phaethon".
3342:
1697:
passage until
December 14, 2093, when it will pass 0.01981 AU (2,964,000 km; 1,841,000 mi) from Earth.
1579:. It is believed that this process leads to dust ejection and can explain the formation of the Geminid meteor stream.
752:
68:
2323:
1634:. When Phaethon came to perihelion in July 2009, it was found to be brighter than expected. During its approach, the
3143:
3506:
3496:
1894:
1678:
1408:
972:
3151:
3135:
2294:
3598:
3583:
3578:
3501:
2110:
2025:
Jewitt, David; Hsieh, Henry; Agarwal, Jessica (2015). "The Active
Asteroids". In Michel, P.; et al. (eds.).
1868:
1835:
1488:
Phaethon's dust ejection is likely caused by a mechanism similar to how mud in a dry lake bottom cracks from heat
3337:
2342:
1525:
1492:
Phaethon is an asteroid with fairly unusual characteristics in that its orbit more closely resembles that of a
192:
96:
3127:
3119:
1825:
1516:
bed. This occurs because
Phaethon's orbit takes it closer to the Sun than any other named asteroid (0.14
1085:
484:
3017:
3005:
1328:
1186:
1046:
3633:
3521:
3405:
3317:
3163:
3107:
2105:
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1560:
1556:
1399:
1289:
579:
541:
529:
504:
322:
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with larger pebbles. Phaethon's composition fits the notion of its cometary origin; it is classified as a
1360:
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1218:
1147:
1117:
3442:
1412:
983:
202:
197:
1932:
1529:
3347:
3252:
2035:
1576:
876:
Its most remarkable distinction is that it approaches the Sun closer than any other named asteroid: its
438:
286:
207:
1646:
916:
880:
is only 0.14 AU (20.9 million km; 13.0 million mi) — less than half of
3415:
3076:
3044:
3036:
2917:
2836:
2746:
2691:
2537:
2473:
2416:
2361:
2257:
2206:
2049:
2005:
1907:
739:. The 2017 Earth approach distance of about 10 million km was known with an accuracy of ±700 m.
344:
2122:
Take notice of the orbit condition number (the lower the number, the lower the orbit's uncertainty).
1719:
911:
effects in its orbital motion due to the frequent close approaches to the Sun. The Apollo asteroids
779:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3027:
2964:
1911:
1690:
1631:
1016:
736:
403:
2515:
1705:
2797:
2762:
2736:
2707:
2656:
2553:
2527:
2489:
2463:
2451:
2432:
2406:
2377:
2351:
2247:
2075:
2039:
1995:
1298:
977:
932:
904:
869:(190 million km; 118 million mi). It is also suspected to be a member of the
695:
605:
593:
3198:
2855:
2610:
2395:
Jewitt, David; Li, Jing; Agarwal, Jessica (2013). "The Dust Tail of
Asteroid (3200) Phaethon".
1055:
3400:
3352:
2779:
2275:
2065:
1770:
1661:
1623:
1517:
1441:
1156:
866:
310:
274:
1881:
3526:
3182:
3174:
2996:
2825:
Whipple, F. L. (October 25, 1983). Marsden, B. G. (ed.). "1983 TB and the
Geminid Meteors".
2807:
2754:
2727:
2699:
2545:
2481:
2424:
2369:
2265:
2214:
2061:
2057:
1677:, Phaethon passed 0.06893169 AU (10,312,034 km; 6,407,601 mi) from Earth (27
1626:(18,085,600 km; 11,237,900 mi) of Earth on December 10, 2007, and was detected by
1431:
1369:
1259:
912:
881:
760:
630:
561:
267:
225:
112:
3214:
3447:
3390:
3375:
3158:
1897:
Observer
Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive.)
1685:
precision of ±700 m. This was the best opportunity to date for radar observations by
1627:
1548:
1533:
1478:
858:
854:
732:
705:
682:
679:
585:
294:
182:
2195:"New Evidence for a Physical Link between Asteroids (155140) 2005 UD and (3200) Phaethon"
2026:
1769:
showed a 2017 Earth approach distance with a precision of ±80 km. Math: (MAX−MIN) *
2921:
2840:
2750:
2695:
2541:
2477:
2420:
2365:
2261:
2210:
2053:
2009:
1477:"Rock comet" redirects here. For other rocky bodies exhibiting comet-like activity, see
3462:
3430:
3395:
3263:
3206:
2549:
2373:
1674:
1194:
748:
355:
63:
3168:
2485:
2428:
2101:"JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine — Constraints: asteroids and q < 0.141 (au)"
1960:
1420:
geocentric distance from the center of Earth to the center of the object (Earth has a
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3385:
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2766:
2711:
2079:
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1417:
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1093:
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728:
368:
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2557:
2493:
2381:
2319:
1862:
1745:
Phaethon at maximum angular velocity, December 15, 2017, 18:47:13–19:24:50 UTC
1588:
1552:
refractory organic, nano-phase iron (nFe0), and pyroxene materials on its surface.
1421:
690:
380:
173:
2677:
763:, who reported it to be asteroidal in appearance. Its provisional designation was
2758:
919:
share similar orbits with Phaethon, suggesting a possible common breakup origin.
747:
Phaethon was the first asteroid to be discovered using images from a spacecraft.
3542:
3491:
3452:
1540:
1484:
721:
392:
2811:
1739:
3511:
3457:
3011:
2340:
Jewitt, David; Li, Jing (2010). "Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon".
1638:-A spacecraft detected an unexpected brightening, roughly by a factor of two.
1568:
1521:
908:
877:
278:
2279:
693:(though there are numerous unnamed asteroids with smaller perihelia, such as
3547:
3437:
3286:
1607:
1543:
study revealed Phaethon has a surface with steep slopes covered by a mix of
956:
Chronology of close approaches of large near-Earth objects since 1981
314:
17:
2884:
3221:
2236:"Formation, Structure, and Detectability of the Geminids Meteoroid Stream"
3367:
2703:
2634:"A look at 3200 Phaethon: A big, bizarre, blue asteroid we plan to visit"
2270:
2235:
2219:
2194:
1593:
1572:
1544:
1513:
1509:
1437:
725:
717:
709:
153:
1682:
1564:
1563:. Further analysis of this spectrum confirmed the presence of Mg-rich
2969:
2940:
1730:
1635:
1505:
713:
39:
2802:
2741:
2678:"Spectroscopy of B-type asteroids: Subgroups and meteorite analogs"
2661:
2252:
2044:
2000:
3478:
2532:
2468:
2411:
2356:
1959:
Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne; Farukhi, Suraiya (December 22, 2017).
1645:
1493:
1483:
993:
862:
778:
426:
1555:
Analysis of a mid-infrared spectral emissivity spectrum from the
2862:
2298:
1726:
1611:
1501:
548:
72:
44:
Radar image of 3200 Phaethon taken by Arecibo, December 17, 2017
3290:
3225:
2172:"Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: Asteroid 3200 Phaethon"
755:
discovered it in images from October 11, 1983, while searching
3021:
686:
552:
1988:
Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso
651:
240:
130:
767:, and it later received the numerical designation and name
645:
639:
252:
249:
243:
234:
231:
127:
121:
1559:
showed Phaethon to be linked to the rare Yamato-type (CY)
654:
133:
2780:
How the bluest asteroid in the solar system got its color
1693:, with a resolution of 75 meters/pixel (246 feet/pixel).
1407:
This list includes near-Earth approaches of less than 10
2906:
Battams, K.; Watson, A. (June 2009). "(3200) Phaethon".
1426:
Diameter: estimated, theoretical mean-diameter based on
1961:"Arecibo Radar Returns with Asteroid Phaethon Images"
1711:
Path of 3200 Phaethon in the sky during December 2017
657:
648:
636:
255:
246:
228:
136:
118:
2676:
Clark, Beth; Ziffer, Julie; Nesvorny, David (2010).
3535:
3477:
3414:
3366:
3324:
2611:"Rare blue asteroid sometimes behaves like a comet"
633:
603:
591:
577:
559:
539:
527:
503:
496:
483:
472:
459:
448:
436:
424:
412:
402:
390:
378:
365:
353:
343:
331:
321:
303:
293:
266:
237:
216:
171:
159:
147:
115:
106:
94:
89:
81:
54:
49:
27:
Asteroid responsible for the Geminids meteor shower
3001:Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e Meteorologia
2452:"Recurrent Perihelion Activity in (3200) Phaethon"
2020:
2018:
1861:
1826:"JPL Small-Body Database: 3200 Phaethon (1983 TB)"
2936:"(3200) Phaethon: Ephemerides for December 2017"
1980:
1978:
1681:). The Earth approach distance was known with a
1496:than an asteroid; it has been referred to as a "
2580:"Why an asteroid is crumbling into meteor dust"
1650:Phaethon imaged on December 25, 2010, with the
903:Phaethon is a possible candidate for detecting
2974:. University of Pisa Department of Mathematics
2945:. University of Pisa Department of Mathematics
3302:
3237:
2335:
2333:
2234:Cukier, W. Z.; Szalay, J. R. (June 1, 2023).
1954:
1952:
1950:
8:
2782:Tereza Pultarova, Space.com. June 16th, 2022
2516:"Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon"
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
1935:. Hayamizu Astro Laboratory. October 3, 2021
1532:, leading to a new class of objects dubbed "
32:
704:). For this reason, it was named after the
685:with an orbit that brings it closer to the
642:
467:0.0469 AU (7.02 million km)
455:0.01955 AU (2.92 million km)
327:0.13998 AU (20.9 million km)
124:
3330:
3309:
3295:
3287:
3244:
3230:
3222:
3167:
2134:"Exploding Clays Drive Geminids Sky Show?"
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
959:
38:
3032:NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
2801:
2740:
2660:
2531:
2467:
2410:
2355:
2269:
2251:
2218:
2043:
1999:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1444:converted into LD (1 AU≈390 LD)
479:2.7375 AU (410 million km)
339:1.2714 AU (190 million km)
3012:"ScienceCasts: Rock Comet Meteor Shower"
1725:Time lapse taken through a telescope in
3659:Astronomical objects discovered in 1983
3574:Minor planet object articles (numbered)
2578:Sutherland, Paul (September 10, 2013).
2062:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch012
1786:
1758:
2326:from the original on November 2, 2016.
2132:Jaggard, Victoria (October 12, 2010).
31:
1622:Phaethon approached to 0.120895
1524:) causing extreme heating and enough
967:
962:
716:. It is 5.8 km (3.6 mi) in
415:Longitude of ascending node
7:
1882:participating institution membership
1767:JPL 374 (solution date 2014-Sep-12)
1673:On December 16, 2017, at 23:00
1457: observed during close approach
3172:
2965:"(3200) Phaethon: Close Approaches"
2609:Eleanor Imster (November 1, 2018).
2322:. Near Earth Object Program. NASA.
2293:Phillips, Tony (December 3, 2007).
943:minimum orbit intersection distance
2887:. British Astronomical Association
2854:Kuninaka, Hitoshi (May 19, 2020).
2174:. NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research
1451: unobserved at close approach
25:
2398:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1842:from the original on June 5, 2019
735:of 35+ years, it has a very well
3006:"The 2004 Geminid Meteor Shower"
2514:Jewitt, David; Li, Jing (2010).
2450:Li, Jing; Jewitt, David (2013).
1738:
1718:
1704:
1436:Reference: data source from the
1424:of approximately 6,400 km).
884:'s perihelial distance. It is a
629:
374:19.9 km/s (45,000 mph)
224:
111:
3604:Potentially hazardous asteroids
3018:Phaethon orbit and observations
2683:Journal of Geophysical Research
757:Infrared Astronomical Satellite
665:; previously sometimes spelled
3014:by Science@NASA on YouTube.com
2632:Eric Mack (October 23, 2018).
929:potentially hazardous asteroid
923:Potentially hazardous asteroid
853:Phaethon is categorized as an
188:Potentially hazardous asteroid
1:
2240:The Planetary Science Journal
2199:The Planetary Science Journal
1587:Shortly after its discovery,
927:Phaethon is categorized as a
2759:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.114995
2550:10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1519
2374:10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1519
2170:Benner, Lance A. M. (2017).
1933:"(3200) Phaethon 2021 Oct 3"
861:is greater than that of the
3114:space situational awareness
2883:Shanklin, Jonathan (2009).
2486:10.1088/0004-6256/145/6/154
2429:10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/L36
1500:". In studies performed by
439:Argument of perihelion
398:0° 41 15.108 / day
299:12,941 days (35.43 yr)
3675:
3654:Near-Earth objects in 2017
3614:Mercury-crossing asteroids
2885:"Comet Section: 2009 News"
2812:10.1038/s41550-023-02091-w
1476:
783:Animation of 3200 Phaethon
361:523.6 days (1.434 yr)
174:Minor planet category
3649:F-type asteroids (Tholen)
3639:Meteor shower progenitors
3333:
3318:Small Solar System bodies
3259:
2111:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1869:Oxford English Dictionary
1836:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1463: upcoming approaches
1406:
998:
989:
976:
970:
731:of mid-December. With an
618:
535:5.8 km (3.6 mi)
356:Orbital period (sidereal)
285:
273:
37:
3644:B-type asteroids (SMASS)
3624:Earth-crossing asteroids
3619:Venus-crossing asteroids
2343:The Astronomical Journal
1526:solar radiation pressure
1473:Physical characteristics
671:provisionally designated
606:Absolute magnitude
599:10.7 (December 14, 2017)
498:Physical characteristics
193:Mercury-crosser asteroid
162:Alternative designations
3629:Mars-crossing asteroids
3253:Minor planets navigator
3164:JPL Small-Body Database
2106:JPL Small-Body Database
1908:"(3200) Phaethon Orbit"
1874:Oxford University Press
1831:JPL Small-Body Database
1561:carbonaceous chondrites
1557:Spitzer Space Telescope
775:Orbital characteristics
542:Synodic rotation period
427:Time of perihelion
313:(359 million
268:Orbital characteristics
3609:Radar-imaged asteroids
3443:Trans-Neptunian object
3045:Observation prediction
1665:
1489:
1434:range between X and Y.
850:
203:Earth-crosser asteroid
198:Venus-crosser asteroid
2036:University of Arizona
1649:
1577:thermal decomposition
1487:
1411:(LD) of objects with
971:Approach distance in
782:
712:, son of the sun god
287:Uncertainty parameter
208:Mars-crosser asteroid
3416:Distant minor planet
2856:"宇宙科学ミッション打上げ計画について"
2704:10.1029/2009JE003478
2590:on February 22, 2015
2520:Astronomical Journal
2456:Astronomical Journal
2038:. pp. 221–241.
905:general relativistic
97:MPC designation
3594:Named minor planets
3589:Discoveries by IRAS
3215:Physical parameters
3144:Physical properties
3024:Minor Planet Center
2922:2009IAUC.9054....3B
2841:1983IAUC.3881....1W
2751:2022Icar..38114995L
2696:2010JGRE..115.6005C
2542:2010AJ....140.1519J
2478:2013AJ....145..154L
2421:2013ApJ...771L..36J
2366:2010AJ....140.1519J
2262:2023PSJ.....4..109C
2211:2020PSJ.....1...15D
2138:National Geographic
2054:2015aste.book..221J
2010:2019CoSka..49..367K
1912:Minor Planet Center
1872:(Online ed.).
1733:(December 10, 2017)
1660:Rigel telescope at
848: 3200 Phaethon
82:Discovery date
34:
3077:Observational info
2271:10.3847/psj/acd538
2220:10.3847/PSJ/ab8e45
2144:on August 11, 2017
1666:
1664:by Marco Langbroek
1490:
933:absolute magnitude
851:
594:Apparent magnitude
56:Discovered by
3561:
3560:
3473:
3472:
3358:Meanings of names
3284:
3283:
2295:"Asteroid Shower"
1880:(Subscription or
1662:Winer Observatory
1599:of mid-December.
1530:133P/Elst–Pizarro
1468:
1467:
1415:brighter than 16.
1402:
1363:
1331:
1292:
1253:
1221:
1189:
1150:
1120:
1088:
1049:
857:, as its orbital
622:
621:
16:(Redirected from
3666:
3599:Pallas asteroids
3584:Active asteroids
3579:Apollo asteroids
3331:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3223:
3207:Orbital elements
3171:
3085:Close approaches
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2794:Nature Astronomy
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2744:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2586:. Archived from
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2535:
2526:(5): 1519–1527.
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2471:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2414:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2359:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2297:. Science@NASA.
2290:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2255:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:. Archived from
2129:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2047:
2033:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2003:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1822:
1774:
1763:
1742:
1722:
1708:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1618:Close approaches
1534:active asteroids
1464:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1398:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1359:
1327:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:(415029) 2011 UL
1288:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1249:
1217:
1185:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:(159857) 2004 LJ
1146:
1116:
1084:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:(143651) 2003 QO
960:
951:
940:
917:(225416) 1999 YC
913:(155140) 2005 UD
865:'s at 1.27
849:
847:
838:
836:
827:
825:
816:
814:
805:
803:
794:
792:
786:
770:
766:
761:Charles T. Kowal
737:determined orbit
703:
701:
700:
696:(137924) 2000 BD
677:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
573:
571:
562:Geometric albedo
523:
521:
515:
513:
468:
281: 2458000.5)
277:April 27, 2019 (
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
85:October 11, 1983
42:
35:
21:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3531:
3469:
3410:
3362:
3320:
3315:
3285:
3280:
3264:3199 Nefertiti
3255:
3250:
3101:Orbit animation
3069:Proper elements
3008:by Science@NASA
2997:(3200) Phaethon
2993:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2861:(in Japanese).
2858:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2115:
2113:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2072:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2016:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1824:
1823:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1679:lunar distances
1671:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1620:
1605:
1585:
1549:F-type asteroid
1482:
1479:active asteroid
1475:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1409:lunar distances
1372:
1371:
1370:(52768) 1998 OR
1368:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1262:
1261:
1260:(52768) 1998 OR
1258:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1004:Nominal
991:
990:Diameter
980:
973:lunar distances
957:
945:
935:
925:
859:semi-major axis
855:Apollo asteroid
845:
844:
834:
833:
823:
822:
812:
811:
801:
800:
790:
789:
788:
784:
777:
768:
764:
745:
733:observation arc
698:
697:
694:
689:than any other
683:Apollo asteroid
673:
632:
628:
611:
596:
586:F-type asteroid
582:
569:
567:
564:
544:
532:
519:
517:
511:
509:
488:
466:
441:
429:
417:
395:
383:
371:
358:
336:
334:Semi-major axis
295:Observation arc
227:
223:
212:
183:Apollo asteroid
176:
164:
150:
114:
110:
102:(3200) Phaethon
99:
77:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Extinct comets
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3517:Near-parabolic
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3463:Scattered disc
3460:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3431:Neptune trojan
3428:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3406:Spectral types
3403:
3398:
3396:Jupiter trojan
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3175:Close approach
3156:
3155:
3154:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3025:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2992:
2991:External links
2989:
2986:
2985:
2956:
2927:
2898:
2875:
2846:
2817:
2784:
2772:
2717:
2690:(E6): E06005.
2668:
2647:
2624:
2601:
2570:
2506:
2442:
2387:
2329:
2311:
2285:
2226:
2185:
2155:
2124:
2092:
2070:
2014:
1974:
1946:
1924:
1899:
1887:
1853:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1670:
1667:
1643:
1640:
1619:
1616:
1604:
1601:
1584:
1581:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:(4953) 1990 MU
1191:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
988:
975:
969:
966:
958:
955:
954:
950:≤ 0.05 AU
924:
921:
873:of asteroids.
804: Mercury
776:
773:
753:John K. Davies
749:Simon F. Green
744:
741:
691:named asteroid
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
604:
601:
600:
597:
592:
589:
588:
583:
578:
575:
574:
565:
560:
557:
556:
545:
540:
537:
536:
533:
528:
525:
524:
507:
501:
500:
494:
493:
490:
486:
481:
480:
477:
470:
469:
464:
457:
456:
453:
446:
445:
442:
437:
434:
433:
430:
425:
422:
421:
418:
413:
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
391:
388:
387:
384:
379:
376:
375:
372:
366:
363:
362:
359:
354:
351:
350:
347:
341:
340:
337:
332:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
283:
282:
271:
270:
264:
263:
220:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
177:
172:
169:
168:
165:
160:
157:
156:
151:
148:
145:
144:
108:
104:
103:
100:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
76:
75:
69:John K. Davies
66:
60:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3671:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Asteroid belt
3384:
3382:
3381:Aten asteroid
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Minor planets
3323:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3277:
3276:3201 Sijthoff
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:3200 Phaethon
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:Orbit diagram
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:3200 Phaethon
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3108:3200 Phaethon
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3093:Physical info
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3028:3200 Phaethon
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2899:
2891:September 20,
2886:
2879:
2876:
2868:September 28,
2864:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2635:
2628:
2625:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2594:September 10,
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2071:9780816532131
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1752:
1741:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:2017 approach
1668:
1663:
1648:
1642:2010 approach
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:Planned flyby
1602:
1600:
1598:
1597:meteor shower
1595:
1590:
1583:Meteor shower
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1446:Color codes:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:3200 Phaethon
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:4179 Toutatis
1225:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:4179 Toutatis
1124:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:4179 Toutatis
1092:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
995:
986:
985:
979:
974:
965:
961:
953:
949:
944:
938:
934:
930:
922:
920:
918:
914:
910:
907:and/or solar
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
871:Pallas family
868:
864:
860:
856:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
781:
774:
772:
769:3200 Phaethon
762:
758:
754:
750:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
729:meteor shower
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
692:
688:
684:
681:
676:
672:
668:
662:
626:
625:3200 Phaethon
617:
613:
610:
609:
602:
598:
595:
590:
587:
584:
581:
580:Spectral type
576:
566:
563:
558:
554:
551:(0.1502
550:
546:
543:
538:
534:
531:
530:Mean diameter
526:
508:
506:
502:
499:
495:
491:
489:
482:
478:
476:
473:Jupiter
471:
465:
463:
458:
454:
452:
447:
443:
440:
435:
431:
428:
423:
419:
416:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
394:
389:
385:
382:
377:
373:
370:
369:orbital speed
364:
360:
357:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
335:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
260:
221:
219:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
178:
175:
170:
166:
163:
158:
155:
152:
146:
141:
109:
107:Pronunciation
105:
101:
98:
93:
88:
84:
80:
74:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
59:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
33:3200 Phaethon
30:
19:
3553:Space debris
3268:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3162:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3128:Observations
3123:
3111:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3053:Orbital info
3048:
3040:
3031:
2976:. Retrieved
2968:
2959:
2949:November 26,
2947:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2913:
2909:IAU Circular
2907:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2849:
2832:
2828:IAU Circular
2826:
2820:
2793:
2787:
2775:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2687:
2681:
2671:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2584:Skymania.com
2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2523:
2519:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2459:
2455:
2445:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2347:
2341:
2320:"NEO Groups"
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2288:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2178:November 26,
2176:. Retrieved
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2137:
2127:
2116:September 5,
2114:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2028:Asteroids IV
2027:
1991:
1987:
1965:. Retrieved
1939:February 14,
1937:. Retrieved
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1902:
1895:JPL Horizons
1890:
1867:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1829:
1761:
1695:
1672:
1621:
1606:
1589:Fred Whipple
1586:
1554:
1541:polarimetric
1538:
1497:
1491:
1427:
1336:
982:
947:
941:) and Earth
936:
926:
902:
898:Mars-crosser
875:
852:
840:
829:
826: Earth
818:
815: Venus
807:
796:
746:
674:
666:
624:
623:
607:
522:0.06 km
432:May 15, 2022
381:Mean anomaly
345:Eccentricity
309:2.4028
222:Phaethonian
90:Designations
29:
18:3200 Phaeton
3543:Cosmic dust
3507:Long-period
3497:Halley-type
3453:Kuiper belt
3338:Designation
3120:Ephemerides
3037:Ephemerides
2563:January 22,
2499:January 22,
2350:(5): 1519.
2085:January 30,
999:Ref
837: Mars
722:parent body
720:and is the
460:Venus
449:Earth
404:Inclination
393:Mean motion
149:Named after
64:Simon Green
3568:Categories
3548:Meteoroids
3527:Sungrazing
3502:Hyperbolic
3458:Oort cloud
3401:Near-Earth
2803:2207.08968
2742:2203.09876
2735:: 114995.
2662:2001.00789
2613:. EarthSky
2462:(6): 154.
2405:(2). L36.
2253:2306.11151
2246:(6): 109.
2148:August 10,
2045:1502.02361
2001:1906.01064
1994:(2): 367,
1967:January 8,
1884:required.)
1781:References
1569:carbonates
1522:perihelion
1498:rock comet
1380:2127-04-16
1341:2093-12-14
1309:2089-06-25
1270:2079-04-16
1231:2069-11-05
1214:3199–10329
1199:2058-06-05
1167:2038-11-16
1128:2004-09-29
1098:1992-12-08
1066:1989-08-01
1027:1981-05-18
948:Earth MOID
909:oblateness
878:perihelion
793: Sun
706:Greek myth
505:Dimensions
323:Perihelion
218:Adjectives
3438:Damocloid
3191:Ephemeris
3183:Discovery
2767:247594726
2712:130052649
2533:1009.2710
2469:1304.1430
2412:1306.3741
2357:1009.2710
2280:2632-3338
2205:(1): 15.
2080:119209764
1863:"phaeton"
1765:In 2014,
1687:Goldstone
1571:, and Fe-
1510:mudcracks
1395:1462–4721
1356:4900–5300
1324:1531–4944
1285:1462–4721
1246:2440–2450
1182:1746–4394
1143:2440–2450
1113:2440–2450
1081:1333–4306
1042:1333–4306
771:in 1985.
743:Discovery
50:Discovery
3522:Periodic
3448:Detached
3368:Asteroid
2640:April 6,
2617:April 6,
2437:37387069
2324:Archived
2304:April 4,
1840:Archived
1594:Geminids
1573:sulfides
1545:regolith
1514:dry lake
1438:JPL SBDB
1010:Maximum
1007:Minimum
978:Abs. mag
886:Mercury-
726:Geminids
718:diameter
710:Phaëthon
678:, is an
367:Average
305:Aphelion
154:Phaëthon
3487:Extinct
3426:Centaur
3161:at the
3152:Summary
2999:by the
2978:May 18,
2918:Bibcode
2837:Bibcode
2747:Bibcode
2692:Bibcode
2558:6446528
2538:Bibcode
2494:6242944
2474:Bibcode
2417:Bibcode
2382:6446528
2362:Bibcode
2258:Bibcode
2207:Bibcode
2050:Bibcode
2006:Bibcode
1917:June 5,
1846:June 5,
1691:Arecibo
1683:3-sigma
1632:Arecibo
1608:DESTINY
1565:olivine
1440:, with
1418:Nominal
1056:2014 LJ
882:Mercury
765:1983 TB
724:of the
675:1983 TB
667:Phaeton
487:Jupiter
444:322.19°
420:265.22°
408:22.260°
386:313.94°
349:0.88990
167:1983 TB
3479:Comets
3391:Family
3376:Active
3343:Groups
3211:·
3209:
3203:·
3201:
3195:·
3193:
3187:·
3185:
3179:·
3177:
3148:·
3146:
3140:·
3138:
3132:·
3130:
3124:·
3122:
3097:·
3095:
3089:·
3087:
3081:·
3079:
3073:·
3071:
3065:·
3063:
3057:·
3055:
3049:·
3047:
3041:·
3039:
2970:NEODyS
2941:NEODyS
2765:
2728:Icarus
2710:
2636:. CNET
2556:
2492:
2435:
2380:
2278:
2078:
2068:
1963:. NASA
1731:Latvia
1636:STEREO
1506:STEREO
1461:
1455:
1449:
1432:albedo
1422:radius
896:, and
894:Earth-
890:Venus-
846:
841:·
839:
835:
830:·
828:
824:
819:·
817:
813:
808:·
806:
802:
797:·
795:
791:
785:'s
714:Helios
680:active
568:0.1066
547:3.604
3536:Other
3492:Great
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3150:
3142:
3136:Orbit
3134:
3126:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
2916:. 3.
2859:(PDF)
2835:. 1.
2798:arXiv
2763:S2CID
2737:arXiv
2708:S2CID
2657:arXiv
2554:S2CID
2528:arXiv
2490:S2CID
2464:arXiv
2433:S2CID
2407:arXiv
2378:S2CID
2352:arXiv
2248:arXiv
2223:. 15.
2076:S2CID
2040:arXiv
2032:(PDF)
1996:arXiv
1878:
1753:Notes
1652:37-cm
1628:radar
1512:in a
1494:comet
1389:6.563
1386:6.510
1383:6.536
1350:7.718
1347:7.709
1344:7.714
1318:6.938
1315:6.935
1312:6.936
1279:4.612
1276:4.611
1273:4.611
1243:15.30
1240:7.725
1237:7.724
1234:7.725
1208:8.988
1205:8.984
1202:8.986
1176:7.719
1173:7.719
1170:7.719
1140:15.30
1137:4.031
1134:4.031
1131:4.031
1110:15.30
1107:9.399
1104:9.399
1101:9.399
1075:7.224
1072:6.843
1069:7.034
1036:2.761
1033:2.760
1030:2.761
968:Date
863:Earth
843:
832:
821:
810:
799:
787:orbit
572:0.011
549:hours
492:4.510
275:Epoch
3512:Lost
3353:Moon
3348:List
3112:ESA–
3061:MOID
2980:2009
2951:2017
2914:9054
2893:2009
2870:2020
2863:JAXA
2833:3881
2642:2019
2619:2019
2596:2013
2565:2022
2501:2022
2306:2017
2299:NASA
2276:ISSN
2180:2017
2150:2017
2118:2011
2087:2020
2066:ISBN
1969:2018
1941:2022
1919:2019
1848:2019
1727:Riga
1689:and
1612:JAXA
1502:NASA
1430:and
1400:data
1392:15.8
1361:data
1353:14.6
1329:data
1321:15.7
1290:data
1282:15.8
1251:data
1219:data
1211:14.1
1187:data
1179:15.4
1148:data
1118:data
1086:data
1078:16.0
1047:data
1039:16.0
939:≤ 22
915:and
751:and
614:14.6
518:4.40
514:0.05
510:6.13
475:MOID
462:MOID
451:MOID
73:IRAS
3110:at
3030:at
3022:IAU
3020:at
2808:doi
2755:doi
2733:381
2700:doi
2688:115
2546:doi
2524:140
2482:doi
2460:145
2425:doi
2403:771
2370:doi
2348:140
2266:doi
2215:doi
2058:doi
1773:/ 2
1658:/14
1630:at
1536:".
1520:at
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1020:104
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1442:AU
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