766:, which realized what was really at stake in the vote, namely Polish independence and the future of the country, advocated voting "no" on the first question, despite the fact that it had been opposed to the Senate's existence since before the war. The majority of PSL political support was in rural areas, among people who supported agricultural reform, so the party found it impossible to advocate voting "no" on the second question. Nonetheless, the party's opposition to the first question was used by the communists to declare the more liberal PSL activists "traitors". Catholic groups supported "no" on the first question, "yes" on the third, and left the second to voters individual preferences. The
247:
164:
220:
735:
117:
125:
112:
1545:
583:
814:) to threaten, assault and even murder opposition activists, switch real ballots for false ones, stuff ballot boxes with false votes, consider blank ballots as "yes" votes, destroy votes not in favour of all or any of the three questions or simply falsify votes. Voting in the army was done on command and without secrecy. The falsification was overseen, just like the later
41:
837:, where the opposition managed to ensure a fair vote, the "no" results were: 84%, 59% and 30% for all three questions. PSL, which was able to obtain real records for approximately 48% of the voting districts, estimated that a "yes" for all three questions was chosen by 16.7% of respondents. Despite the protests of the opposition, led by
1126:
According to documents released forty-three years later, 29% of respondents had voted yes for all three questions. The official results indicated this figure was 68%. Materials published after the communists lost power in Poland in 1989 showed that only the third question received a majority of votes
790:
The official results, published on 12 July 1946, showed that from a population of 13,160,451 eligible voters, 90.1% or 11,857,986 had taken part in the referendum. Of these, 11,530,551 or 97.2% were counted as valid. On the first question, 68% of voters chose "yes". On the second question, 77.2%
758:) campaigned heavily in favor of "Three Times Yes", while non-communist parties advocated various other combinations; hence the referendum was seen as unofficially deciding whether the Polish citizenry supported or opposed communism. The
2146:
2319:
2106:
2099:
794:
However, the official results were far removed from the actual results since the vote had been seriously compromised by the communists and their supporters. The communists, who already
200:
2073:
2485:
2001:
2246:
2092:
2156:
2016:
2261:
179:
104:
623:
2141:
2266:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
2054:
1533:
1127:
in favor. For the first question, "yes" was chosen by 26.9% voters. For the second question, 42% chose "yes". For the third question, 66.9% chose "yes".
1511:
2166:
663:
2161:
759:
682:
674:
to test their popularity among the general population. However, the results were forged and the referendum failed to meet democratic standards.
2455:
1267:
339:
2049:
2011:
1352:
1328:
1190:
533:
525:
521:
767:
560:
505:
2401:
2256:
774:
advocated a "no" for all three questions, as a sign of protest against the annexation of the eastern territories of Poland (known as the
424:
403:
395:
2516:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1159:
827:
485:
437:
369:
2128:
2115:
185:
2421:
2059:
2044:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1385:
364:
2309:
2191:
1476:
1120:
815:
670:(order of 27 April 1946). The referendum presented an opportunity for the forces vying for political control of Poland following
616:
328:
320:
2396:
2236:
449:
2531:
2314:
1526:
1305:
2391:
2465:
2416:
2371:
246:
2536:
2495:
2475:
2324:
596:
2251:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
609:
498:
2119:
1500:
1468:
1402:
838:
678:
1845:
1835:
1780:
2281:
2196:
811:
755:
155:
2356:
2298:
2521:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1772:
1519:
751:
377:
266:
254:
163:
743:
2526:
2334:
1501:"The Role of the MGB of USSR in the Sovietization of Poland: the Referendum and Sejm Elections in 1946–1947"
344:
309:
301:
2026:
2021:
2006:
1403:"Zarys instytucji referendum jako formy demokracji bezpośredniej : referendum ogólnokrajowe w Polsce"
1116:
747:
667:
312:
238:
75:
62:
331:
2460:
2443:
2329:
2271:
2136:
1988:
1553:
1413:
771:
763:
382:
717:
of basic national industries, including the preservation of the statutory rights of private enterprise?
2171:
1617:
513:
444:
280:
96:
1277:
823:
734:
2490:
2470:
2432:
2386:
2381:
2181:
2084:
2036:
1950:
1562:
1549:
1449:
1178:
807:
710:
566:
454:
357:
293:
226:
219:
140:
1362:
1338:
2480:
2366:
819:
213:
88:
54:
31:
2227:
143:
2376:
2151:
1381:
1272:
1232:
1186:
1155:
556:
551:
275:
2411:
2406:
2206:
1224:
721:
699:
171:
116:
124:
2276:
2211:
2201:
2176:
1426:
1357:
1333:
714:
706:
637:
411:
111:
2448:
2286:
842:
798:
controlled much of the government and had the backing of the military (both the Polish
416:
192:
2510:
2345:
2241:
2222:
1496:
1444:
1147:
846:
799:
587:
70:
2361:
1313:
779:
671:
234:
262:
147:
677:
During the referendum campaign, the communists repressed the opposition led by
659:
1236:
685:(PSL) communications, disrupted PSL meetings, and mass arrested PSL members.
834:
720:
Do you want consolidation of the western border of the Polish State on the
1504:
1480:
803:
40:
1212:
1544:
461:
17:
1228:
775:
733:
473:
1408:. Opracowania Tematyczne (in Polish) (620). Kancelaria Senatu: 8.
132:
2088:
1515:
849:, the results were declared free and fair by the government.
770:
party argued against the first two questions only, while the
705:
Do you want consolidation, in the future constitution of the
791:
voted "yes". On the third question, 91.4% voted "yes".
2486:
1987 Polish political and economic reforms referendum
2430:
2343:
2296:
2220:
2126:
2035:
1987:
1949:
1771:
1616:
1561:
742:Parties of the pro-communist Democratic Bloc, (the
2157:Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland
2074:Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1119:called for democratic elections. However, the
2100:
1527:
826:, both high-ranking officers from the Soviet
617:
8:
1173:
1171:
1306:"Wybory 1947 – mit założycielski komunizmu"
1154:. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 1475.
2107:
2093:
2085:
1534:
1520:
1512:
693:The referendum comprised three questions:
624:
610:
26:
2267:Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia
2167:Provisional Government of National Unity
1378:Referendum 30 czerwca 1946 roku w Polsce
1028:
942:
856:
666:on 30 June 1946 on the authority of the
2162:Polish Committee of National Liberation
2142:Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
1136:
29:
2456:Military Council of National Salvation
1422:
1411:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1103:
1017:
931:
722:Baltic, Oder river and Lusatian Neisse
7:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1276:(in Polish). onet.pl. Archived from
1217:Midwest Journal of Political Science
1206:
1204:
1202:
1152:Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook
1142:
1140:
698:Are you in favour of abolishing the
1380:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Sejmowe.
25:
2422:1981 Polish hunger demonstrations
2402:Independent Students' Association
2320:Bishops' Letter of Reconciliation
2257:Mokotów Prison executions of 1951
2310:1957 Polish legislative election
2192:1947 Polish legislative election
1543:
1461:Zapis pierwszej dekady 1945–1954
1183:The Polish Underground 1939-1947
816:1947 Polish legislative election
581:
245:
218:
186:Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska
162:
123:
115:
110:
39:
2397:Solidarity (Polish trade union)
2187:1946 Polish people's referendum
1213:"Elections in Communist Poland"
1150:; Stöver, Philip, eds. (2010).
1123:were "completely manipulated".
2315:Millennium of the Polish State
1463:(in Polish). Książka i Wiedza.
1337:. 17 June 1946. Archived from
1185:. Pen and Sword. p. 203.
1115:Following the referendum, the
1:
2417:1981 warning strike in Poland
1361:. 8 July 1946. Archived from
841:, and representatives of the
644:) of 1946, also known as the
2496:Polish Round Table Agreement
2476:Federation of Fighting Youth
2325:1968 Polish political crisis
2237:Polish United Workers' Party
1503:(in Russian). Archived from
1104:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1018:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
932:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
340:Supreme Administrative Court
2252:Socialist realism in Poland
1376:Osękowski, Czesław (2000).
1317:(in Polish) (1–2): 111–113.
828:Ministry for State Security
810:) and the secret services (
506:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2553:
2437:autocratic rule and demise
2372:Workers' Defence Committee
2197:Small Constitution of 1947
1211:Staar, Richard F. (1958).
1092:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1006:
989:
978:
967:
956:
920:
903:
892:
881:
870:
738:Agitation poster in Warsaw
646:Three Times Yes referendum
2517:Electoral fraud in Poland
2068:
1459:Turlejska, Maria (1972).
1401:Stawicki, Robert (2013).
1329:"You Cannot Shoot Us All"
1093:Registered voters/turnout
1007:Registered voters/turnout
921:Registered voters/turnout
818:, by Soviet experts like
636:The people's referendum (
2392:Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes
2120:Polish People's Republic
438:Administrative divisions
255:Prime Minister of Poland
2335:Polish protests of 1970
2282:Poznań protests of 1956
2037:Silesian Sejm elections
1618:Parliamentary elections
1304:Korkuć, Maciej (2007).
654:, often abbreviated as
404:Major political parties
321:Constitutional Tribunal
302:Supreme Court of Poland
1563:Presidential elections
1421:Cite journal requires
768:Wolność i Niezawisłość
739:
727:
681:. Communists censored
668:State National Council
641:
522:Diplomatic missions of
63:Constitution of Poland
2532:Referendums in Poland
2461:Pacification of Wujek
2444:Martial law in Poland
2350:international opening
2330:Kniefall von Warschau
2272:Trial of the Generals
2137:Recovered Territories
1341:on February 19, 2011.
839:Stanisław Mikołajczyk
772:National Armed Forces
760:Polish People's Party
744:Polish Workers' Party
737:
695:
683:Polish People's Party
679:Stanisław Mikołajczyk
2172:Trial of the Sixteen
2147:Expulsion of Germans
1179:Williamson, David G.
812:Urząd Bezpieczeństwa
806:), used the police (
97:Parliament of Poland
2537:Stalinism in Poland
2491:1988 Polish strikes
2471:Fighting Solidarity
2466:1982 demonstrations
2382:1980 Lublin strikes
2303:autarchic communism
1268:"Referendum ludowe"
1065:Invalid/blank votes
979:Invalid/blank votes
893:Invalid/blank votes
808:Milicja Obywatelska
711:agricultural reform
313:Małgorzata Manowska
227:President of Poland
2481:Orange Alternative
2367:June 1976 protests
1951:European elections
740:
105:Current Parliament
32:Politics of Poland
2504:
2503:
2377:Flying University
2357:1971 Łódź strikes
2262:1952 Constitution
2152:Operation Vistula
2082:
2081:
1469:"Polska Historia"
1353:"It is Forbidden"
1280:on 5 October 2012
1273:WIEM Encyklopedia
1192:978-1-84884-281-6
1108:
1107:
1022:
1021:
936:
935:
642:referendum ludowe
634:
633:
588:Poland portal
514:Radosław Sikorski
499:Foreign relations
396:Political parties
16:(Redirected from
2544:
2522:1946 referendums
2412:Bydgoszcz events
2407:Rural Solidarity
2387:Gdańsk Agreement
2247:Collectivization
2207:Battle for trade
2182:Augustów roundup
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1508:
1507:on 23 July 2011.
1492:
1490:
1488:
1479:. Archived from
1473:Encyclopedia PWN
1464:
1455:
1450:God's Playground
1431:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1301:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1264:
1241:
1240:
1208:
1197:
1196:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1144:
1029:
943:
857:
752:Democratic Party
626:
619:
612:
590:
586:
585:
584:
486:Cities and towns
481:
469:
332:Julia Przyłębska
249:
222:
190:
189:
188:
166:
127:
119:
114:
43:
27:
21:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2436:
2426:
2349:
2339:
2302:
2292:
2277:PAX Association
2225:
2216:
2212:Three-Year Plan
2202:Amnesty of 1947
2177:Cursed soldiers
2122:
2113:
2083:
2078:
2064:
2031:
1983:
1945:
1773:Local elections
1767:
1612:
1557:
1542:
1540:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1483:on 5 April 2005
1467:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1438:Further reading
1435:
1434:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1365:on May 1, 2008.
1351:
1350:
1346:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1265:
1244:
1229:10.2307/2108857
1210:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1113:
1027:
941:
855:
788:
748:Socialist Party
732:
715:nationalisation
707:economic system
691:
630:
601:
597:Other countries
582:
580:
579:
572:
571:
547:
539:
538:
530:
518:
501:
491:
490:
475:
463:
440:
430:
429:
421:
412:Law and Justice
398:
388:
387:
374:
360:
350:
349:
336:
310:First President
296:
286:
285:
272:
216:
206:
205:
201:Deputy Marshals
184:
183:
182:
160:
156:Deputy Marshals
144:Szymon Hołownia
121:
91:
81:
80:
57:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:1946 in Poland
2524:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2449:Militsiya hour
2440:
2438:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2287:Polish October
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2129:Early post-war
2124:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1497:Petrov, Nikita
1493:
1465:
1456:
1445:Davies, Norman
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1423:|journal=
1393:
1386:
1368:
1344:
1320:
1291:
1242:
1223:(2): 200–218.
1198:
1191:
1167:
1161:978-3832956097
1160:
1148:Nohlen, Dieter
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1121:1947 elections
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
986:
983:
980:
976:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:
950:
947:
940:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
912:
907:
901:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
883:
879:
878:
875:
872:
868:
867:
864:
861:
854:
851:
843:United Kingdom
824:Semyon Davydov
787:
784:
756:People's Party
731:
728:
726:
725:
718:
703:
690:
687:
632:
631:
629:
628:
621:
614:
606:
603:
602:
600:
599:
593:
592:
591:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
554:
548:
546:Related topics
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
529:
528:
517:
516:
509:
508:
502:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
483:
471:
459:
458:
457:
452:
441:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
420:
419:
417:Civic Platform
414:
408:
407:
399:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
373:
372:
367:
361:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
345:State Tribunal
342:
335:
334:
325:
324:
316:
315:
306:
305:
297:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
271:
270:
259:
258:
243:
242:
231:
230:
217:
212:
211:
208:
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204:
203:
197:
196:
176:
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159:
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152:
151:
137:
136:
108:
107:
101:
100:
92:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
58:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2549:
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2265:
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2255:
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2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Six-Year Plan
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2223:Sovietization
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
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2198:
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2185:
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2110:
2105:
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2061:
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2048:
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2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
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1518:
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1502:
1498:
1494:
1482:
1478:
1475:(in Polish).
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1415:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1387:83-7059-459-X
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1360:
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1199:
1194:
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1128:
1124:
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1098:
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1091:
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1080:
1078:
1074:
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1067:
1063:
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1056:
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1034:
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1024:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
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992:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
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966:
962:
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948:
945:
944:
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930:
926:
923:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
895:
891:
887:
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
865:
862:
859:
858:
852:
850:
848:
847:United States
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Wojsko Ludowe
797:
792:
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
736:
729:
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
696:
694:
688:
686:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:
651:Trzy razy tak
647:
643:
639:
627:
622:
620:
615:
613:
608:
607:
605:
604:
598:
595:
594:
589:
578:
577:
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568:
565:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
543:
542:
535:
532:
531:
527:
523:
520:
519:
515:
511:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
472:
470:
467:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
434:
433:
426:
425:Other parties
423:
422:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
392:
391:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
371:
370:Parliamentary
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
290:
289:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
268:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
252:
251:
250:
248:
240:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
224:
223:
221:
215:
210:
209:
202:
199:
198:
194:
187:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
168:
167:
165:
157:
154:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
128:
126:
120:
118:
113:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
85:
84:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
51:
50:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:
28:
19:
2362:Letter of 59
2186:
1996:
1760:
1605:
1505:the original
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1472:
1460:
1448:
1414:cite journal
1396:
1377:
1371:
1363:the original
1356:
1347:
1339:the original
1332:
1323:
1314:Biuletyn IPN
1312:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:the original
1271:
1220:
1216:
1182:
1151:
1125:
1114:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1025:Question III
1000:
995:
990:
914:
909:
904:
832:
795:
793:
789:
780:Soviet Union
741:
692:
676:
672:World War II
655:
650:
649:
645:
635:
567:Armed forces
477:
465:
402:
365:Presidential
319:
300:
253:
244:
235:Andrzej Duda
225:
170:
161:
131:
122:
109:
95:
76:Human rights
61:
1989:Referendums
1554:referendums
939:Question II
820:Aron Palkin
802:and Soviet
764:Labor Party
709:founded on
534:Ambassadors
445:Voivodeship
383:Referendums
263:Donald Tusk
89:Legislature
2511:Categories
2433:Jaruzelski
2072:See also:
2055:1930 (Nov)
2050:1930 (May)
1284:4 December
1131:References
1096:13,160,451
1082:11,857,986
1046:10,534,697
1010:13,160,451
996:11,857,986
924:13,160,451
910:11,857,986
853:Question I
762:(PSL) and
660:referendum
512:Minister:
281:Ministries
55:Government
1556:in Poland
1550:Elections
1237:0026-3397
1111:Aftermath
971:2,634,446
960:8,896,105
885:3,686,029
874:7,844,522
778:) by the
689:Questions
658:), was a
561:political
526:in Poland
474:Communes
462:Counties
358:Elections
329:President
294:Judiciary
214:Executive
2431:1981–89
2344:1970–81
2297:1956–70
2221:1948–56
2127:1945–48
1452:, Vol. 2
1181:(2012).
804:Red Army
796:de facto
730:Campaign
713:and the
662:held in
455:marshals
450:voivodes
2299:Gomułka
2230:'s rule
2118:of the
2116:History
1846:1938–39
1836:1933–34
1781:1916–17
1487:11 July
1068:327,435
1057:995,854
1054:Against
1032:Choice
982:327,435
968:Against
946:Choice
896:327,435
882:Against
860:Choice
786:Results
746:(PPR),
557:History
552:Economy
276:Cabinet
180:Marshal
141:Marshal
2346:Gierek
2289:(1956)
2228:Bierut
2226:under
1384:
1235:
1189:
1158:
1117:Allies
1035:Votes
949:Votes
863:Votes
835:Kraków
754:, and
700:Senate
664:Poland
638:Polish
466:powiat
172:Senate
148:PL2050
1406:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1099:90.1
1077:Total
1049:91.4
1013:90.1
991:Total
974:22.8
963:77.2
927:90.1
905:Total
888:32.0
877:68.0
776:Kresy
656:3×TAK
478:gmina
378:Local
18:3xTAK
2060:1935
2045:1922
2027:2023
2022:2015
2017:2003
2012:1997
2007:1996
2002:1987
1997:1946
1979:2024
1974:2019
1969:2014
1964:2009
1959:2004
1941:2024
1936:2018
1931:2014
1926:2010
1921:2006
1916:2002
1911:1998
1906:1994
1901:1990
1896:1988
1891:1984
1886:1980
1881:1976
1876:1973
1871:1969
1866:1965
1861:1961
1856:1958
1851:1954
1841:1936
1831:1929
1826:1927
1821:1926
1816:1925
1811:1924
1806:1923
1801:1922
1796:1921
1791:1920
1786:1919
1762:Next
1756:2023
1751:2019
1746:2015
1741:2011
1736:2007
1731:2005
1726:2001
1721:1997
1716:1993
1711:1991
1706:1989
1701:1985
1696:1980
1691:1976
1686:1972
1681:1969
1676:1965
1671:1961
1666:1957
1661:1952
1656:1947
1651:1938
1646:1935
1641:1930
1636:1928
1631:1922
1626:1919
1607:2025
1601:2020
1596:2015
1591:2010
1586:2005
1581:2000
1576:1995
1571:1990
1552:and
1489:2005
1427:help
1382:ISBN
1358:Time
1334:Time
1286:2009
1233:ISSN
1187:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1060:8.6
845:and
822:and
133:Sejm
2348:'s
1477:PWN
1225:doi
1087:100
1043:For
1001:100
957:For
915:100
871:For
833:In
71:Law
2513::
2435:'s
2301:'s
1499:.
1471:.
1447:.
1418::
1416:}}
1412:{{
1355:.
1331:.
1311:.
1294:^
1270:.
1245:^
1231:.
1219:.
1215:.
1201:^
1170:^
1139:^
1071:–
1038:%
985:–
952:%
899:–
866:%
830:.
782:.
750:,
640::
524:/
267:PO
193:PO
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
1535:e
1528:t
1521:v
1491:.
1454:.
1429:)
1425:(
1390:.
1288:.
1239:.
1227::
1221:2
1195:.
1164:.
724:?
702:?
648:(
625:e
618:t
611:v
563:)
559:(
480:)
476:(
468:)
464:(
269:)
265:(
241:)
239:I
237:(
195:)
191:(
150:)
146:(
20:)
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