1517:
1784:
1614:, an advocate in the combating of antisemitism, wrote: "compared to most previous anti-Jewish outbreaks, this new antisemitism is often less directed against individual Jews. It attacks primarily the collective Jews, the state of Israel and then such attacks start a chain reaction of assaults on individual Jews and Jewish institutions. ... in the past the most dangerous anti-Semites were those who wanted to make the world
1659:
1422:
51:
1921:
concede the usefulness of the 3D test either in terms of its mnemonic cleverness in identifying
Judaeophobia or as a helpful point of departure for demarcating the unacceptable limits of anti-Israel sentiment. Nonetheless, they consider the test limited for policy usage if applied without considering
1568:
has said that "we've got to set up certain boundaries of where does cross the line, because I'm one of those who believes strongly, not only in free speech, but also in rigorous debate, and discussion, and dialectic, and the like. If you say too easily that everything is anti-Semitic, then nothing
1964:
Our State
Department uses Natan Sharansky's "Three Ds" test for identifying when someone or a government crosses the line from criticizing Israeli policies into antisemitism: when Israel is demonized, when Israel is held to different standards than the rest of the countries, and when Israel is
1682:
says that antisemitism "frequently charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity, and it is often used to blame Jews for 'why things go wrong'. It is expressed in speech, writing, visual forms and actions, and employs sinister stereotypes and negative character traits". If the criticism uses
1599:. This claim allegedly discriminates against Jews by singling them out as ineligible for the basic right for self-determination as it is determined by the international law. Since any discrimination against a specific ethnic, religious, racial or national group is considered a type of
1706:
The last "D" refers to the application of different sets of principles on similar situations. If a person criticizes Israel and only Israel on certain issues, but chooses to ignore similar situations conducted by other countries they are performing a
1563:
is allowed to "hide behind the veneer of legitimate criticism of Israel". In other cases, the 3D test is used to identify when anti-Zionist rhetoric crosses the line into antisemitism, even if the original motivation was not antisemitic. Professor
1735:
are hypocritical and antisemitic. On the same matter, Friedman has also written that the "criticizing Israel is not anti-Semitic, and saying so is vile. But singling out Israel for opprobrium and international sanction—out of all proportion to
1714:
The implementation of a different moral standard for Jews and Israel compared to the rest of the world, just like the delegitimization claim, discriminates against a specific group and is labeled as antisemitism. Similar arguments were made by
1748:". Cotler offers the denial to Israel of equality before the law in the international arena (i.e., "the singling out of Israel for differential and discriminatory treatment in the international arena") as a new antisemitic act.
1497:. The three Ds test is intended to rebut arguments that "any criticism toward the State of Israel is considered antisemitic, and therefore legitimate criticism is silenced and ignored." This test was adopted by the
1691:
as such or the power of Jews as collective—such as, especially but not exclusively, the myth about the world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government or other societal institutions.
2219:
2095:
Kritiker*innen bemängeln den Test dahingehend, dass er zu unkonkret sei undleicht missbraucht werden könne, um legitime Kritik an
Israels Palästinapolitikals antisemitisch zu diskreditieren.
1898:
402:
479:
340:
1763:, a cartoon of an Israeli soldier pointing a rifle at a Palestinian baby was published. This kind of scene is not antisemitism. However, the baby was a typical depiction of the
1508:
The test has been criticized for vagueness, and has raised concerns of possible abuse among some people that it labels legitimate criticism of
Israeli policies as antisemitic.
1981:
2154:
1767:, who was telling to the soldier (in the caption), "Oh, you’re doing it to me all over again." Therefore, this is an example of the second "D", demonization via the
2223:
750:
637:
1449:
1345:
2079:
Keskinkılıç, Ozan
Zakariya; Langer, Armin (2021). "Konkurrenz vs. Solidarität: Überlegungen zu den Chancen und Herausforderungen jüdischmuslimischer Allianzen".
2069:"As a member of IHRA, the United States now uses this working definition and has encouraged other governments and international organizations to use it as well."
407:
736:
335:
2183:
1022:
1795:. Critics have accused the EU of double standards, citing it blocks certain deals with Israel but not with Morocco, despite both countries violating the
1162:
1516:
318:
1330:
2118:
2088:
1882:
1361:
102:
1241:
214:
204:
157:
147:
2287:
1874:
1844:
1548:
744:
657:
323:
234:
197:
1931:
1679:
1502:
1442:
1355:
942:
526:
313:
281:
259:
219:
117:
2032:
1720:
1483:
1335:
650:
459:
330:
2135:
2004:
632:
432:
264:
244:
1955:
1737:
1172:
585:
551:
86:
2110:
Countering
Contemporary Antisemitism in Britain: Government and Civil Society Responses between Universalism and Particularism
2066:
2309:
2251:
1017:
1007:
667:
375:
269:
1683:
metaphors, images or rhetoric that implies that the
Israelis or Jews are evil, it is once again a projection of antisemitic
1856:
1663:
1640:
to describe the denial of the Jewish people's right to self-determination and the de-legitimization of Israel as a state.
1435:
1399:
1294:
1236:
932:
682:
365:
1878:
1283:
590:
563:
380:
288:
276:
1320:
229:
2053:
1588:
1540:
730:
177:
2380:
2190:
1886:
1305:
1177:
347:
142:
137:
130:
1860:
1796:
1783:
1498:
1350:
1300:
1182:
677:
239:
81:
2022:
1832:
1808:
1315:
1067:
917:
804:
308:
249:
152:
76:
1470:" of antisemitism is a set of criteria formulated in 2003 by Israeli human rights advocate and politician
1325:
1288:
857:
474:
469:
303:
298:
254:
209:
187:
182:
162:
2375:
1866:
1812:
1603:, delegitimization of the Jewish people right for self-determination is labeled as racism against Jews,
1425:
1253:
1032:
720:
710:
700:
622:
605:
427:
417:
397:
392:
293:
224:
172:
167:
34:
1112:
1819:(EU) is applying a double standard by blocking deals with Israel that include the settlements in the
1409:
1216:
1167:
870:
810:
695:
484:
1486:, demonization, and double standards, each of which, according to the test, indicates antisemitism.
2268:
1701:
1688:
1475:
1258:
1157:
1150:
841:
595:
536:
521:
464:
422:
615:
1804:
1768:
1622:, free of Jews. Today, the most dangerous anti-Semites might be those who want to make the world
1592:
1226:
1132:
1052:
1037:
880:
763:
758:
705:
385:
1863:
states that an occupying power may not transplant its own civilians onto land that it occupies.
1117:
947:
2336:
2332:
2247:
2114:
2084:
2028:
1918:
1836:
1792:
1745:
1596:
1533:
1276:
1012:
792:
662:
573:
541:
499:
2108:
1687:
and rhetoric. One example of it might be making mendacious, dehumanization, demonization, or
1996:
1914:
1828:
1633:
1521:
1102:
1047:
987:
852:
610:
546:
454:
412:
107:
2354:
1855:
population, while the settler population in the West Bank make up around one-fifth of the
1848:
1760:
1716:
1708:
1536:
1525:
1471:
1394:
1092:
1027:
1002:
997:
982:
972:
962:
937:
715:
690:
1493:, its actions and policies, and on the other hand antisemitism hidden behind a facade of
1062:
2358:
2220:"Irwin Cotler delivers remarks at signing of Ottawa Protocol on Combating Antisemitism"
1890:
1852:
1840:
1824:
1816:
1788:
1772:
1756:
1653:
1582:
1578:
1221:
1137:
1127:
1122:
957:
899:
627:
531:
192:
63:
59:
17:
1658:
2369:
1959:
1667:
1389:
1310:
1194:
1087:
1072:
1042:
922:
672:
578:
1851:. The settler population in Western Sahara is now believed to outnumber the native
1741:
1728:
1684:
1649:
1629:
1565:
1560:
1494:
1479:
1404:
1263:
1204:
1107:
992:
977:
815:
558:
506:
50:
42:
1489:
The test is intended to draw the line between on one hand legitimate criticism of
1611:
1097:
798:
511:
447:
2000:
1894:
1764:
1371:
1199:
1082:
1077:
1057:
967:
952:
927:
875:
725:
516:
442:
2081:
1744:
has also included double standards as one of the nine sets of what he calls "
2136:"3D Test of Anti-Semitism: Demonization, Double Standards, Delegitimization"
1820:
1617:
1248:
865:
835:
830:
370:
2155:"On judging the distinction between legitimate criticism and demonization"
1870:
1340:
1210:
825:
568:
1595:, for example, by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a
1902:
1885:. According to Faaborg-Andersen, "the only parallel that exists is the
1632:
has defined delegitimization as one of the nine sets of what he calls "
893:
886:
847:
820:
1600:
1490:
1231:
1187:
437:
27:
Criteria aiming to distinguish criticism of Israel from antisemitism
1779:
Question of double standards on settlements in occupied territories
1982:"So what's new? Rethinking the 'new antisemitism' in a global age"
1956:"Remarks at the 2011 B'nai B'rith International Policy Conference"
1724:
1657:
1515:
786:
600:
1732:
1675:
2310:"Why is this occupation different from all other occupations?"
1559:
According to
Sharansky, the 3D test prevents situations where
2246:. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 208–216.
1873:, rejects the claim of double standards. He states that the
1674:
The second "D" refers to the portrayal of certain groups as
1569:
is anti-Semitic, and we no longer can make distinctions."
1827:. They question why the EU imposes these restrictions on
1740:—is anti-Semitic, and not saying so is dishonest". Prof.
2157:. Engage – the anti-racist campaign against antisemitism
1835:
but have no such qualms about making deals that include
1591:" refers to the denial of the Jewish people's right to
1543:
in the
Israeli government. It was first published in
1532:
The concept was formulated by Israeli politician and
2327:
Marcus, Kenneth. "The New OCR Antisemitism Policy".
1877:
is a "totally different situations" compared to the
2024:
The New Anti-Semitism Israel Model: Empirical Tests
1346:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism
2237:
2235:
2233:
1949:
1947:
1723:(BDS) movements that ignore the situation in
1443:
8:
1623:
1615:
2288:"Revisiting Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism"
2050:Jewish Identity and Civil Rights in America
1975:
1973:
1547:, a journal run by the Israeli think tank
1450:
1436:
29:
2213:
2211:
1958:. US Department of State. Archived from
1811:and former Israeli ambassador to Canada
1782:
1759:gives the following example. During the
1610:Former Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden,
781:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
1943:
41:
1331:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism
2329:Journal for the Study of Antisemitism
2303:
2301:
1922:further development or modification.
1883:Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara
1362:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism
408:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24)
103:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism
7:
2267:Friedman, Thomas (16 October 2002).
2184:"Working Definition of Antisemitism"
1803:Some Israeli politicians, professor
1689:stereotypical allegations about Jews
2308:Ahren, Raphael (25 December 2013).
1875:Israeli occupation of the West Bank
1549:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
1501:in 2010, but later replaced by the
1474:in order to distinguish legitimate
658:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness
2218:Cotler, Irwin (October 13, 2011).
2107:Cardaun, Sarah K. (19 June 2015).
2083:. transcript Verlag. p. 205.
2021:Cohen, Florette (September 2011).
1932:Working definition of antisemitism
1901:were excluded from any deals with
1738:any other party in the Middle East
1680:Working Definition of Antisemitism
1503:Working Definition of Antisemitism
1356:Working definition of antisemitism
118:Working definition of antisemitism
25:
2286:Foxman, Abraham (11 April 2012).
2067:United States Department of State
1954:Rosenthal, Hannah (Dec 5, 2011).
1721:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1628:, free of a Jewish state." Prof.
1336:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
2361:, Forward.com, January 21, 2005.
1520:The test has been formulated by
1421:
1420:
49:
2140:Jewish Political Studies Review
1791:are now greatly outnumbered by
1662:Cartoon demonizing Israel at a
1604:
1545:Jewish Political Studies Review
1539:in 2003, who at the time was a
745:Protocols of the Elders of Zion
2134:Sharansky, Natan (Fall 2004).
701:Hunter (William Luther Pierce)
1:
2153:Cotler, Irwin (7 July 2011).
1295:Campaign Against Antisemitism
403:during the Gaza War (2008-09)
2027:. BiblioBazaar. p. 12.
1879:Turkish occupation of Cyprus
1284:Anti-antisemitism in Germany
776:Antisemitism on the Internet
564:Jewish war conspiracy theory
1678:, demonic, or satanic. The
1321:Southern Poverty Law Center
480:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
2397:
2054:Cambridge University Press
1869:, then EU's ambassador in
1699:
1664:rally against the Iraq War
1647:
1589:delegitimization of Israel
1576:
1541:minister without portfolio
731:On the Jews and Their Lies
2242:Dershowitz, Alan (2003).
2001:10.1080/00313220802377453
1980:Jonathan Judaken (2008).
1887:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
1482:. The three Ds stand for
1306:Fundamental Rights Agency
739:Undisputed Over The World
554: Jewish conspiracy
1893:made sure that areas in
1861:Fourth Geneva Convention
1797:Fourth Geneva Convention
1636:". Cotler uses the term
1499:U.S. Department of State
1367:Three Ds of antisemitism
1351:Wiener Holocaust Library
1301:Community Security Trust
1163:Black Death persecutions
678:The Dearborn Independent
651:Antisemitic publications
2113:. BRILL. pp. 79–.
1913:Some scholars, such as
1833:Palestinian territories
1809:Northwestern University
1711:policy against Israel.
1638:political anti-Semitism
1524:and Israeli politician
1316:Simon Wiesenthal Center
1068:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
842:The Occidental Observer
805:Europa: The Last Battle
753:Between Blacks and Jews
751:The Secret Relationship
18:3D Test of Antisemitism
2189:. EUMC. Archived from
1800:
1752:Example of application
1671:
1624:
1616:
1529:
1326:Stephen Roth Institute
1289:Anti-Defamation League
2359:"Antisemitism in 3-D"
1989:Patterns of Prejudice
1962:on December 2, 2012.
1867:Lars Faaborg-Andersen
1786:
1700:Further information:
1661:
1648:Further information:
1577:Further information:
1519:
1033:William Luther Pierce
711:The International Jew
623:Stab-in-the-back myth
606:Rootless cosmopolitan
1837:Moroccan settlements
1410:Zionist antisemitism
1217:Martyrdom in Judaism
943:Richard Girnt Butler
696:Hitlers Zweites Buch
282:textbook controversy
2314:The Times of Israel
2244:The Case For Israel
2048:Kenneth L. Marcus.
1899:Armenian occupation
1857:resident population
1845:Turkish settlements
1829:Israeli settlements
1787:The largely exiled
1702:Criticism of Israel
1476:criticism of Israel
1259:Spanish Inquisition
1158:Rhineland massacres
668:Culture of Critique
522:Cultural Bolshevism
2273:The New York Times
2269:"Campus Hypocrisy"
2196:on 25 January 2011
1805:Eugene Kontorovich
1801:
1769:antisemitic canard
1672:
1593:self-determination
1530:
1512:Author and history
1227:Pale of Settlement
1133:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1053:Kevin Alfred Strom
1038:Richard B. Spencer
881:Triple parentheses
764:The Turner Diaries
737:Our Race Will Rule
706:1988 Hamas Charter
500:Antisemitic tropes
386:Christian Identity
319:Conservative Party
2120:978-90-04-30089-7
2090:978-3-8394-5081-9
2056:. pp. 60–62.
1919:Kenneth L. Marcus
1793:Moroccan settlers
1746:new anti-Semitism
1460:
1459:
1242:Russian Civil War
1183:Ghettos in Europe
1013:Ernest G. Liebold
912:Prominent figures
793:The Daily Stormer
683:Ethnic Cleansing
663:The Barnes Review
542:Franklin Prophecy
16:(Redirected from
2388:
2381:New antisemitism
2341:
2340:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2222:. Archived from
2215:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2003:. Archived from
1995:(4–5): 531–560.
1986:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1951:
1915:Jonathan Judaken
1897:that were under
1889:", in which the
1696:Double standards
1634:new antisemitism
1627:
1621:
1606:
1573:Delegitimization
1534:Soviet dissident
1522:Soviet dissident
1484:delegitimization
1452:
1445:
1438:
1424:
1423:
1103:Nichifor Crainic
1048:Julius Streicher
988:Heinrich Himmler
853:Renegade Tribune
574:Judeo-Bolshevism
553:
547:Host desecration
527:Cultural Marxism
413:Holocaust denial
53:
30:
21:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2355:Natan Sharansky
2350:
2348:Further reading
2345:
2344:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2292:Huffington Post
2285:
2284:
2280:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2231:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2007:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1928:
1911:
1849:Northern Cyprus
1815:argue that the
1781:
1761:Second Intifada
1754:
1719:, stating that
1717:Thomas Friedman
1709:double standard
1704:
1698:
1670:, February 2003
1656:
1646:
1597:racist endeavor
1585:
1575:
1557:
1537:Natan Sharansky
1526:Natan Sharansky
1514:
1472:Natan Sharansky
1456:
1415:
1414:
1395:Self-hating Jew
1385:
1377:
1376:
1297:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1118:Philippe PĂ©tain
1113:László Ferenczy
1093:Gheorghe Buzatu
1028:Eustace Mullins
1023:Kevin MacDonald
1003:Osama bin Laden
998:Arthur J. Jones
983:Joseph Goebbels
973:Theodor Fritsch
963:Louis Farrakhan
948:Édouard Drumont
938:James von Brunn
913:
905:
904:
859:The Right Stuff
777:
769:
768:
755:
752:
741:
738:
716:La Libre Parole
691:La France juive
653:
643:
642:
537:Finance control
502:
492:
491:
433:Nation of Islam
361:
353:
352:
260:Imperial Russia
133:
123:
122:
98:
69:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2394:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2319:
2297:
2278:
2259:
2252:
2229:
2226:on 2014-02-19.
2207:
2168:
2145:
2126:
2119:
2099:
2089:
2071:
2059:
2040:
2033:
2013:
2010:on 2010-06-18.
1969:
1965:delegitimized.
1942:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1910:
1907:
1891:European Union
1841:Western Sahara
1831:into occupied
1825:East Jerusalem
1817:European Union
1789:Sahrawi people
1780:
1777:
1773:Jewish deicide
1757:Abraham Foxman
1753:
1750:
1697:
1694:
1654:Jewish deicide
1645:
1642:
1625:Judenstaatrein
1607:antisemitism.
1583:Right to exist
1579:Zionist entity
1574:
1571:
1556:
1553:
1513:
1510:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:Related topics
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:Russian Empire
1229:
1224:
1222:Nuremberg Laws
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1178:Jewish quarter
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:Richard Wagner
1135:
1130:
1128:Stepan Bandera
1125:
1123:Symon Petliura
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
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638:ZOG conspiracy
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360:Manifestations
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314:United Kingdom
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108:Nexus Document
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64:discrimination
60:Jewish history
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1668:San Francisco
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1555:Main concepts
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1400:Weaponization
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1390:Philosemitism
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1073:Ion Antonescu
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1043:Joseph Stalin
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1018:Martin Luther
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782:4chan (/pol/)
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673:Currency Wars
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616:Slánský trial
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611:Doctors' plot
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19:
2376:Anti-Zionism
2328:
2322:
2313:
2291:
2281:
2272:
2262:
2243:
2224:the original
2198:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2159:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2129:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2062:
2049:
2043:
2023:
2016:
2005:the original
1992:
1988:
1963:
1960:the original
1912:
1865:
1839:in occupied
1802:
1755:
1742:Irwin Cotler
1729:Saudi Arabia
1713:
1705:
1685:blood libels
1673:
1650:Little Satan
1644:Demonization
1637:
1630:Irwin Cotler
1609:
1586:
1566:Irwin Cotler
1561:antisemitism
1558:
1544:
1531:
1507:
1495:anti-Zionism
1488:
1480:antisemitism
1467:
1463:
1461:
1405:Anti-Zionism
1366:
1264:Yellow badge
1209:
1205:Jewish quota
1108:Ioan Slavici
1063:Ernst ZĂĽndel
993:Adolf Hitler
978:Nick Fuentes
918:Baked Alaska
892:
885:
858:
840:
816:Goebbels Gap
803:
791:
685:(video game)
684:
559:Jewish lobby
507:Andinia Plan
341:21st century
324:Labour Party
289:South Africa
277:Saudi Arabia
265:Soviet Union
198:21st-century
112:
43:Antisemitism
1909:Limitations
1612:Per Ahlmark
1551:, in 2004.
1254:Segregation
1151:Persecution
1098:Nae Ionescu
799:Disclose.tv
512:Blood libel
448:Strasserism
230:New Zealand
178:Costa Rican
97:Definitions
2370:Categories
2253:0415281164
1938:References
1895:Azerbaijan
1813:Alan Baker
1765:baby Jesus
1587:The term "
1466:" or the "
1372:Yad Vashem
1277:Opposition
1249:Refuseniks
1200:Jewish hat
1173:Expulsions
1083:A. C. Cuza
1078:Horia Sima
1058:Rick Wiles
1008:David Lane
968:Henry Ford
953:David Duke
928:Louis Beam
876:Terrorgram
871:Stormfront
726:Mein Kampf
591:Kosher tax
579:Żydokomuna
517:Cohen Plan
393:Creativity
1821:West Bank
1618:judenrein
1505:in 2017.
933:Don Black
866:StoneToss
836:Metapedia
831:Jew Watch
721:The Light
475:Secondary
470:Religious
381:Christian
371:Alt-right
348:Venezuela
270:Stalinist
245:Palestine
143:Australia
138:Argentina
131:Geography
87:Reference
1926:See also
1881:and the
1871:Tel Aviv
1843:or from
1464:three Ds
1426:Category
1341:UN Watch
1211:Judensau
1168:Boycotts
826:Groypers
569:Judensau
443:Neo-Nazi
428:Medieval
398:Economic
366:Academic
240:Pakistan
113:Three Ds
82:Timeline
58:Part of
35:a series
33:Part of
2337:1813192
2200:24 July
2161:24 July
1903:Armenia
1853:Sahrawi
1468:3D test
1232:Pogroms
887:TruNews
848:Red Ice
821:GoyimTV
532:Deicide
485:Zionist
460:Olympic
418:Islamic
336:History
309:Ukraine
250:Romania
215:Hungary
205:Germany
173:Chilean
168:Chinese
158:Belgium
153:Belarus
148:Austria
77:History
2335:
2250:
2117:
2087:
2031:
1859:. The
1731:, and
1601:racism
1491:Israel
1358:(IHRA)
1188:Mellah
861:(blog)
465:Racial
438:Nazism
423:Jewish
304:Turkey
299:Sweden
255:Russia
235:Norway
210:Greece
188:France
183:Europe
163:Canada
2194:(PDF)
2187:(PDF)
2008:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1725:Syria
1478:from
1462:The "
787:8chan
759:Siege
601:QAnon
294:Spain
225:Japan
220:Italy
2333:SSRN
2248:ISBN
2202:2012
2163:2012
2115:ISBN
2085:ISBN
2029:ISBN
1917:and
1823:and
1733:Iran
1676:evil
1652:and
1605:i.e.
1581:and
376:Arab
62:and
1997:doi
1847:in
1807:of
1771:of
1666:in
811:Gab
455:New
331:USA
2372::
2357:.
2331:.
2312:.
2300:^
2290:.
2271:.
2232:^
2210:^
2171:^
2138:.
2093:.
2052:.
1993:42
1991:.
1987:.
1972:^
1946:^
1905:.
1775:.
1727:,
37:on
2339:.
2316:.
2294:.
2275:.
2256:.
2204:.
2165:.
2142:.
2123:.
2037:.
1999::
1799:.
1528:.
1451:e
1444:t
1437:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
