273:. The Rust/Manning "3rd Arkansas", was not a regiment that was ever officially authorized by the Arkansas Military Board. By the time that several volunteer companies in South Arkansas had recruited and organized, the State had already reached its original goal of eight regiments, so the services of these new companies were declined on the thought that war would not last long. These companies decided to go to Virginia and volunteer their services there. This group of regiments moved to Lynchburg, Virginia and organized themselves into a regiment, and elected Albert Rust as their colonel. They were mustered into service by the Confederate War Department as the 3rd Regiment Arkansas Volunteers. There are those to this very day who insist that Rust's 3rd Arkansas was the same unit that fought at Wilson's Creek, despite unimpeachable documentation showing that Rust's unit was camped on the Greenbrier River in Virginia at the time of the battle.
258:
B. Pearce in northwest
Arkansas. The free-spirited General Pearce ignored the unit designations authorized by the Military Board, and assigned his own designations, based on when each regiment showed up in camp to muster. The first units to arrive at the designate assembly point were naturally the mounted units which became Carroll's regiment, so the 3rd Regiment Arkansas State Troops was re-designated the 1st Regiment. The officially sanctioned 2nd Regiment Arkansas State Troops, under Colonel John R. Gratiot, arrived at the assembly point third, and was immediately renamed the 3rd Regiment. Thus, all accounts of the State Troops in northwest Arkansas, including the battle of Wilson's Creek, refer to Gratiot's regiment as the 3rd Arkansas.
472:
patterned after the first national flag authorized for the new
Confederate Government. The new Confederate Banner, often referred to as the "Stars and Bars", consisted of "a red field, with a white space extending horizontally through the center, equal in width to one third the width of the flag, and red spaces above and below to the same width as the white, the union blue extending blue extending down through the white space and stopping in the lower red space, in the center of the union, a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States of the Confederacy." The white stripe was a convenient place for the flag makers to embellish the flag with some motto or inscription.
391:
under a fire of shot and shell. At about 11.30 o'clock a. ra. yourself in person gave orders for my regiment to move on to the scene of action and attack a battery and a large force then forming on the north side of Wilson's Creek, on the ridge, and in the woods. I proceeded to execute the order under a heavy fire of shot and shell from the enemy's batteries, crossed the creek, and marched up the ridge by a flank movement and in column of fours. I advanced until we came near the enemy. We then faced toward them, and marched in line of battle about fifty paces, when we were attacked by a large force of the enemy in front and on the left flank.
74:
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toward the Union lines. The regiment had reached a point about 40 yards from the enemy when the
Federals unleashed a massive volley directly into the charging Arkansans. The regiment wavered momentarily, as scores of men fell dead or wounded, then charged forward with a roar and smashed into the Federals. After a vicious, face-to-face fight, using bayonets and clubbed muskets, the Southerners broke the Federal line. The unit suffered 109 casualties, including twenty-five killed, out of a force of 500 men.
237:
of the state, commanded by Major
General James Yell. The intent of the Secession Convention was to transfer these state troop regiments into Confederate service as quickly as possible, to avoid the cost of paying for a large state army. The troops of the eastern division were transferred to the command of Brigadier General Hardee in July 1861, but the troops of the western division under Brigadier General Pearce were not transferred to Confederate service before they became engaged in the
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31:
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of this battery, where we remained until ordered into camp by
General McCulloch. As Captain Woodruff's battery was attached to my regiment, I feel it my duty to say something in reference to the services of Captain Woodruff and his battery. The execution which this battery did in the enemy's ranks was prodigious, and its influence was sensibly felt in achieving the fortunes of the day, men and officers behaving with great coolness and courage.
407:
Sparks and his company; Captain Har and company; Captain Brown, up to the-time of his death, and
Lieutenant King, afterward in command of the company; Captain Bell, up to the time of his death. These companies bore the heat of the action and distinguished themselves by their gallant conduct, and the conduct of the officers and men throughout was so universally gallant and courageous, that it is hard to make personal distinctions.
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words "OUR COUNTRY & OUR RIGHTS" were inscribed on the red strips on the front and the words "PIKE GUARDS" was inscribed on the white strip on the reverse side. This flag was allegedly captured in 1864 when Union forces occupied the city of Camden, Arkansas. The flag is now in the keeping of the Kansas State
Historical Society in Topeka Kansas.
502:
410:
After my regiment had silenced all firing upon the north side o Wilson's Creek, fears were entertained that the enemy were collecting in force with a view of attacking
Woodruff's battery, which yet remained upon the ground that it had occupied during the day. regiment was again ordered to the support
394:
At this moment a battery commenced playing upon our left flank, enfilading the entire regiment with grape, canister, and shell. So terrific was the fire, that my regiment was obliged to lie down, and then commenced filing in that position. We remained in this attitude for about thirty minutes, firing
390:
Sir: Early upon the morning of the 10th of August my regiment was summoned by the report that the enemy had taken us by surprise and were upon us. As soon as the regiment was formed it was ordered to an adjacent hill, occupied by
Captain Woodruff's battery, to support it, where it remained some hours
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At the beginning of the war, the
Arkansas Succession Convention created the Provisional Army of Arkansas. The Provisional Army was to consist of two divisions: the 1st Division in the western part of the state was to be commanded by Brigadier General Pearce, and the 2nd Division in the eastern half
257:
and was organized a Mound City, in the 2nd or Eastern Division of the Army of Arkansas. The Military Board had authorized a 3rd Regiment of State Troops as a cavalry regiment under Colonel DeRosey Carroll, and ordered it to join the 1st Division" of the Army of Arkansas commanded by General Nicholas
475:
At least two of these 1st National Flag pattern colors were present to units in the 3rd Regiment, Arkansas State Troops. On May 4, 1861, Miss Bettie Conway present a flag to the Hempstead Rifles, along with a stirring speech. This flag, with its stars arranged in three rows of three, many be seen
423:
Following the battle, the Garrott's Regiment marched back to Arkansas and was given the opportunity to vote on the issue of being transferred into Confederate service. The regiment, along with the rest of the 1st Division voted to disband rather than be transferred to Confederate service. The unit
406:
I must here mention in terms of high approbation the conduct of lieutenant-colonel, David Provence, for his coolness, skill, and gallant bearing during the whole action, his example having a powerful influence in keeping the men steady and cool. Major Ward behaved with great gallantry; also Captain
281:
The regiment was organized on July 15, 1861. Many of the companies that joined the regiment had been organized as volunteer militia companies prior to secession. One of these companies, the Frontier Guards, of Crawford County had participated in the seizure of the Federal Arsenal at Fort Smith by
252:
The unit's designation as the 3rd Regiment, Arkansas State Troops has its origins in the confusion caused by Brigadier General Nicholas B. Pearce's failure to comply with the numbering system for regiments adopted by the Arkansas Military Board. The Military Board authorized a 1st and 3rd Arkansas
424:
was mustered out of state service on September 19, 1861. Most of its members subsequently enlisted in regular Confederate regiments, including the 1st Battalion Arkansas Cavalry, Griffith's Arkansas Infantry Regiment and 34th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. Some later served in the Indian Territory.
402:
Of my regiment I must speak in the highest terms for their coolness, prompt obedience, and daring courage, and although but few of them had ever been upon a battle-field, they maintained their position for thirty minutes under one of the most galling fires ever delivered upon regiment by 1,500 or
479:
Another 1st National Flag pattern flag was presented to the "Pike Guards", of Washington County, on May 2, 1861, by Ms Thomas J. (Mary Willis Stirman) Pollard at Fayetteville. In place of the blue union, the flag of the "Pike Guards" has a white field with a painting of the Lady of Liberty. The
373:
John R. Gratiot's, 3rd Regiment, Arkansas State Troops had been held in reserve during the early part of the battle; however, a renewed Union assault on the Confederate right flank prompted calls for its immediate deployment. Forming in a long battle line, Gratiot's regiment charged up Oak Hill
307:
Company B, the "Hempstead Rifles", of Hempstead County, commanded by Captain John R. Gratiot., William Hart was promoted to Captain when John R. Gratiot was elected Colonel of the Regiment. This unit was originally organized as a volunteer company in the 8th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia, on
398:
During the action, I am sorry to say, we were very much annoyed, and some of the casualties hereafter mentioned are to be attributed to the fire of our own friends, who formed behind us and lower down upon the hill, and fired through my ranks after the fire had ceased from the enemy. Attached
471:
Many of the original companies raised for the war received handmade flags which were presented to them in elaborate ceremonies in their hometown before marching off to war. In the first year of the war, many of these home made banners were "1st National Flag" pattern, meaning that they were
843:
328:
Company H, the "Johnson Guards", of Johnson County, commanded by Captain Alfred D. King. This company was originally organized on November 27, 1860, as an Independent Company Cavalry company of in the 10th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia of Johnson
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208:, commander, First Division, Provisional Army of Arkansas. It is generally referred to as the "Third Regiment, Arkansas State Troops", or "Gratiot's Regiment" in contemporary accounts. The regiment is distinguished from the
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Company C, the "Pike Guards", of Washington County, commanded by Captain Samuel R. Bell. This company was originally organized on May 29, 1861, as a volunteer company of light infantry in the 20th Regiment, Arkansas State
427:
An extraordinary number of the Hempstead Rifles went on to become officers in the Confederate army. At least three of them, besides Colonel Gratiot, went on to become field-grade officers: Daniel W. Jones, colonel in the
324:
Company G, the "Van Buren Frontier Guards", of Crawford County, commanded by Captain Hugh T. Brown. This unit was originally organized as a volunteer company in the 5th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia on January 12,
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Company A, the "Fort Smith Rifles", of Sebastian County, commanded by Captain James H. Sparks. This unit was originally organized as a volunteer company in the 51st Regiment, Arkansas State Militia, on January 12,
956:
Hess Earl J, Hatcher, William G., Piston, Richard W., and Shea, William L. Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, and Prairie Grove: A Battlefield Guide, with a Section on Wire Road, University of Nebraska Press, 2006,
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with deadly effect, silencing the fire of the artillery and infantry upon our left and driving the enemy in front. We remained upon the ground long after the enemy had fled and all firing ceased.
1045:
968:
Piston, William Garrett, and Richard W. Hatcher III. Wilson's Creek: The Second Battle of the Civil War and the Men Who Fought It. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000,
817:
United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 3., Book, 1881, Page 123; digital images, (
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The 1st Division (Brigade) Arkansas State Troops, along with Brigadier-General Ben McCulloch's Confederate brigade, marched north into Missouri, where they linked up with Major General
262:
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Either Company E or Company I was known as the "Sebastian Guards", but since both companies were from Sebastian County, it is unclear which company used this name.
224:. It is also distinguished from a later state organization known as Adams' Regiment, Arkansas State Troops, which was organized in 1862 and participated in the
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Arkansas Military Department Records, List of Commissioned Officers of the Militia 1827–1862, Arkansas History Commission, Microfilm Roll 00000038-8, Page 149
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Acts Passed at the Fourths Session of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, An act for the better organization of the Militia of this State, page 149
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2,000 Federal troops, besides being enfiladed b; a heavy battery. They stood their ground, delivering their fire with deadly effect and extreme rapidity.
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MILITIA LAW OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS; PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMY OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS, AND OF THE MILITIA THEREOF
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Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: Pike Guards flag in Kansas " Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 13 June 2003, Accessed 22 February 2012,
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204:. The regiment was designated as the Second Regiment by the Arkansas Military Board, but was renamed the Third Regiment by Brigadier-General
654:
611:
Howerton, Bryan R. "The 3rd Arkansas Regiment(s)" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 6 February 2007, Accessed 20 July 2012,
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The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. ; Series 1 - Volume 3, Page 716
176:
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962:
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Revised statutes of the State of Arkansas: adopted at the October session of the General Assembly of said State, A.D. 1837, Page 543
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Papers of John R. Gratiot, August 11, 1861, to August 12, 1861, Missouri History Museum. St. Louis, Mo., Accessed 7 February 2012,
623:
Gerdes, Edward G. "Van Buren Frontier Guards, Arkansas State Troops". Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
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The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. ; Series 1 - Volume 3
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GERDES, EDWARD G.: "The Hempstead Rifles, Arkansas State Troops", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 8 February 2012,
79:
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Edwin C. Bearss, Battle of Wilson's Creek (Diamond, MO, 1975), pp. 59, 77–78. See also Huff, "Military Board", p. 90.
361:, Missouri, on August 10, 1861. On the morning of August 10, 1861, while encamped along Wilson's Creek, just south of
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238:
137:
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Gerdes, Edward G. "Pike Guards, Arkansas State Troops", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, accessed 22 February 2012,
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Huff, Leo E., "The Military Board in Confederate Arkansas", Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XXVI (Spring 1967), p. 84
441:
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Borland's Militia Battalion on April 23, 1861. The regiment was composed of the following volunteer companies:
30:
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432:; Benjamin P. Jett, Jr., major in the Griffith's Arkansas Infantry Regiment; and Jesse A. Ross, major in the
444:. Another twenty or so went on to become lieutenants and captains of infantry companies and cavalry troops.
369:. The ensuing battle was one of the largest and most desperately fought engagements in the western theater.
225:
818:
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Kie Oldham Papers, Arkansas History Commission, One Capitol Mall, Little Rock Arkansas, Box 2, Items 107b
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Kie Oldham Papers, Arkansas History Commission, One Capitol Mall, Little Rock Arkansas, Box 2, Items 108
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821: : accessed February 18, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History,
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Huff, Col. Leo E., The Military Board in Confederate Arkansas, Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Page 76
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Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: 3rd Arkansas State Troops", Posted 25 June 2003, Accessed 08 February 2012,
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Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: 3rd Arkansas State Troops", Posted 25 June 2003, Accessed 08 February 2012,
992:
The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
399:
herewith find a. report of casualties, which will show the heavy fire under which we were placed.*
357:. The combined force then moved towards Springfield, Missouri. Under the command of fought at the
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Company D, the "Cane Hill Rifles", of Washington County, commanded by Captain Pleasant W. Buchanan.
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Company F, the "Crawford Artillery", of Crawford County, commanded by Captain James T. Stewart.
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Company K, the "Crawford Guards", of Crawford County, commanded by Captain Joel H. Foster.
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Dedmondt, Glenn. "The Flags Of Civil War Arkansas", (Pelican Publishing Co., 2009).
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Dedmondt, Glenn. "The Flags Of Civil War Arkansas", (Pelican Publishing Co., 2009).
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Dedmondt, Glenn. "The Flags Of Civil War Arkansas", (Pelican Publishing Co., 2009).
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436:. Two went on to command artillery batteries: Chambers B. Etter, captain of the
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http://history-sites.com/mb/cw/arcwmb/archive_index.cgi?noframes;read=4319
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http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?read=14621
365:, the Southern army was attacked by a Union force under Brigadier General
119:
90:
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Company I, of Sebastian County, commanded by Captain William C. Corcoran
370:
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http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154606/m1/130/?q=Gratiot
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in a photo made of the company before its departure from Arkadelphia.
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This designation also leads to confusion with the other, more famous,
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Regiment of State Troops. The 1st Regiment was commanded by Colonel
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The Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board – Archive Company Names
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Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Arkansas
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JOHN R. GRATIOT, Colonel Third Regiment Arkansas Volunteers.
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Company E, of Sebastian County, commanded by John Griffith.
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Report of Col. John R. Gratiot, Third Arkansas Infantry.
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http://collections.mohistory.org/archive/ARC:A0286_7272
691:. Posted By: Bryan Howerton. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
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Colonel Gratiot described the engagement as follows:
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formation of the Provisional Army of Arkansas in the
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1861
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765:"Van Buren Frontier Guards, Arkansas State Troops"
1046:Military units and formations established in 1861
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743:http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/pikegds.html
545:""The Hempstead Rifles" , Arkansas State Troops"
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8:
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1061:Military units and formations in Arkansas
825:; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
384:Battle-ground Upon Wilson's Creek, Mo.,
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530:
490:List of Confederate units from Arkansas
156:Arkansas Confederate Infantry Regiments
657:. Retrieved 8 January 2010. See also:
653:. Retrieved 8 January 2010. See also:
440:; and William P. Hart, captain of the
20:
513:Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System
190:Third Regiment, Arkansas State Troops
24:Third Regiment, Arkansas State Troops
7:
987:Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
549:Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
177:4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops
1056:1861 disestablishments in Arkansas
173:Adams's Arkansas Infantry Regiment
14:
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505: This article incorporates
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29:
1041:1861 establishments in Arkansas
769:Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page
434:4th Arkansas Infantry Battalion
430:20th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
459:of the "Pike Guards" taken by
210:3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment
1:
661:. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
1066:Trans-Mississippi Department
846:. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
101:Provisional Army of Arkansas
823:http://texashistory.unt.edu
38:of the "Pike Guards" at the
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442:2nd Arkansas Field Battery
438:6th Arkansas Field Battery
222:Army of Northern Virginia
198:Trans-Mississippi Theater
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41:Kansas Historical Society
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359:Battle of Wilson's Creek
265:, commanded by Colonels
239:Battle of Wilson's Creek
228:before being disbanded.
138:Battle of Wilson's Creek
226:Battle of Prairie Grove
687:July 11, 2011, at the
507:public domain material
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555:on September 23, 2008
518:National Park Service
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363:Springfield, Missouri
294:Arkadelphia, Arkansas
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355:Missouri State Guard
212:which served in the
775:on October 31, 2010
632:on October 31, 2010
255:Patrick R. Cleburne
55:July–September 1861
1013:American Civil War
862:2005-03-08 at the
763:Gerdes, Edward G.
543:Gerdes, Edward G.
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298:
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206:Nicholas B. Pearce
202:American Civil War
133:American Civil War
80:Confederate States
63:September 19, 1861
941:978-1-58980-190-5
924:978-1-58980-190-5
907:978-1-58980-190-5
387:August 11, 1861.
308:January 12, 1860.
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636:January 10,
559:January 10,
419:Disbandment
267:Albert Rust
1035:Categories
926:, page 27.
909:, page 13.
877:"Hemprifl"
626:"Frontier"
525:References
467:, in 1864.
463:troops at
296:, in 1861.
232:Background
216:of War in
86:Allegiance
290:Mustering
277:Formation
192:, was an
60:Disbanded
1025:Arkansas
860:Archived
685:Archived
484:See also
312:Militia.
194:infantry
165:Previous
120:Regiment
110:Infantry
91:Arkansas
999:Portals
371:Colonel
345:Battles
329:County.
200:of the
126:Battles
68:Country
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461:Kansas
98:Branch
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52:Active
509:from
496:Notes
325:1861.
304:1860.
970:ISBN
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889:2010
781:2010
638:2010
561:2010
269:and
188:The
168:Next
116:Size
106:Type
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