Knowledge (XXG)

55th Battalion (Australia)

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594:. Following this the battalion received orders to return to Port Moresby and continue the task of building defences around Sapphire Creek. Instances of sickness and disease had depleted the battalion, nevertheless when they were inspected by Blamey on 25 October he praised them for their performance and the 14th Brigade's commander, Colonel Ian Fullarton, sent the battalion's commanding officer his congratulations on having performed above expectations despite the circumstances in which they had been sent to New Guinea. Nevertheless, on 27 October 1942 it was announced that the battalion was to be amalgamated once again with the 53rd Battalion, which was being broken up as following its less than successful involvement in the fighting along the Kokoda Track. Around this time, the battalion's machine gun company was detached and in conjunction with several other Militia machine gun companies, it was used to form the 328: 31: 59: 510:(2nd AIF), for service overseas. As a result of this, the Militia units that already existed were used to provide a cadre of trained personnel upon which to raise the units of the 2nd AIF, as well as to administer the training of conscripts that were called up following the reinstitution of the compulsory training scheme in January 1940. They were also called up progressively to undertake brief periods of continuous service to improve overall military preparedness. 451:, drawing personnel mainly from the 2nd Battalion, 55th Infantry Regiment, but also from parts of the 1st, 4th, and 36th Infantry Regiments. Through its link with the 55th Infantry, the battalion inherited a theatre honour from the Second Boer War: "South Africa 1899–1902", which it bore for the 8th Regiment, New South Wales Infantry. In 1927, when territorial designations were adopted, it became the "New South Wales Irish Rifles"; the battalion's motto, 175: 230:, fighting against the Japanese. Poorly prepared and trained, and lacking up to date equipment, they performed above expectations; however, they were amalgamated with the 53rd, which had not fared so well, once more in October 1942. The 55th/53rd (now part of the AIF) subsequently took part in further campaigns in New Guinea and 574:
and to begin patrolling operations along Goldie River Valley in order to deny it as an avenue of approach to the Japanese. Throughout the month the 55th moved into position. The battalion's machine gun company was established at Ilolo, while one of the rifle companies, 'D' Company, set up astride the
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and then being disbanded in 1919. In 1921, the 55th Battalion (militia) was re-raised and in 1927 adopted the title of the "New South Wales Irish Rifles". This designation was later changed to the "New South Wales Rifle Regiment" in 1930, before they were once again amalgamated with the 53rd, forming
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This stipulation also applied to the 2,800-strong Permanent Military Force. Nevertheless, as the war progressed, 32 Militia battalions were employed on active service during the war, all but three of which were granted AIF status. Essentially this meant that as more than 65 per cent of their wartime
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had a disastrous effect on the manning levels of the Militia as few men were able to commit to time off work for training and as a result the decision was made to amalgamate a number of units. The 55th Battalion managed to avoid this fate until 1937, however, when they were amalgamated with the 53rd
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in New Guinea. At this time they were separated from their parent formation, the 14th Brigade, which had remained in Australia and upon their arrival they were used mainly as a labour force and were given little time to train for combat operations. In July, the battalion was split as 'A', 'C' and a
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a week later on 19 July. Initially they were placed in reserve, but as the attack stalled, the 55th Battalion was tasked with providing the rearguard for the withdrawal of the assault formations. After spending the winter in the trenches on the Somme, in 1917 they took part in the advance to the
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was approved at this time too. This name was changed in 1930 to the "New South Wales Rifle Regiment", perpetuating the name of a volunteer unit which had originally been formed in 1854. In 1928, a feature film was released which had been made by two members of the battalion,
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in March 1919, and a month later, on 11 April 1919, the amalgamated 55th/53rd Battalion was also disbanded. During its active service, the 55th Battalion suffered 1,835 casualties of which 507 were killed. The decorations bestowed upon men from the 55th were: one VC, one
339: β€“ after the capitulation of Russia freed up a large number of divisions, allowing them to concentrate their forces on the Western Front. The initial attack fell on the British sector of the line around the Somme, and as the Allies were steadily pushed back towards 609:
in 1944–1945. During the 55th's brief involvement in the war, it lost three men killed or died on active service, while a further four men were wounded. There were no gallantry or distinguished service decorations bestowed upon members of the battalion at this time.
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and replace it with a voluntary system. At the same time the Citizens Force was renamed the "Militia" in order to illustrate the new nature of military service under this scheme. This decision, as well as the impact of the
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In June 1916, the battalion was transferred to the European theatre along with the other battalions of the four Australian infantry divisions that were in the Middle East at that time and they arrived in
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for a month. Upon their return many of the men were found to be suffering from malaria and other tropical diseases, nevertheless in September the battalion was ordered to move to Owers' Corner along the
2124: 2114: 2099: 263:. At this time the size of the AIF was doubled by forming new battalions from reinforcements from Australia and experienced personnel drawn from units that had served at Gallipoli. Assigned to the 759:
During World War I, the authorised strength of an Australian infantry battalion was 1,023 men. By the start of World War II, it was 910 men all ranks, however, later in the war it fell to 803.
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began in August, the 55th Battalion was not initially involved although close to the end of the month it, along with the rest of the 14th Brigade, were committed to the fighting around
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were reorganised to perpetuate the numerical designations and battle honours of the AIF units that had fought during the war. At this time the 55th Battalion was re-raised around
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that followed the German withdrawal that had been affected as part of a German plan to shorten their lines and free up reserves. The battalion then played a defensive role in the
387: 1260: 2089: 521:, when it was announced that they were to be delinked once more. The following month the 55th Battalion was re-raised in its own right and after moving to 2084: 722: 486:. This reformed a partnership that had begun at the end of the previous war and which would continue into the next. The battalion's motto was changed to 420: 2104: 400: 1429: 343:, the Australian divisions were moved south from Messines to help shore up the line. The 55th Battalion manned defensive positions to the north 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1497: 1454: 1352: 1330: 1308: 1249: 595: 383: 945: 506:
which prohibited sending the Militia to fight outside of Australian territory, the decision was made to raise an all volunteer force, the
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it received fresh drafts of reinforcements and was subsequently brought up to its allocated establishment. In December, following the
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establishment had volunteered for service overseas, the battalion could be sent anywhere, including outside of Australian territory.
648: 30: 427:. The instance of the third Bar to the MM is unique, and was bestowed upon one of the 55th Battalion's stretcher bearers, Private 507: 299:. The battalion did not have to wait long before they experienced their first engagement of the campaign, being committed to the 556:, the battalion was warned to prepare to move and over the course of a week between 22 and 29 May 1942 they were transported to 2065: 1062: 483: 252: 215: 768:
In addition to this, there were four foreign awards bestowed, although the sources do not elaborate as to what these were.
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began and slowly men were repatriated back to Australia. As numbers dwindled, the battalion was merged with the
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grew, the 55th/53rd Battalion, as part of the 14th Brigade, was undertaking a period of continuous training at
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In early October 1942, the battalion was inspected by a number of high-ranking officers, including Generals
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Morgan, Joseph (2019). "They Also Served: The 6th and 7th Machine Gun Battalions During World War II".
363:. The battalion's final involvement in the fighting came late in September when they took part in the 1362: 712: 660: 291:
at the end of the month. Following this, the 55th Battalion took its place in the trenches along the
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After they were linked once more, and the 55th/53rd Battalion went on to serve with success around
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The AIF was officially disbanded in April 1921 and the following month the units of the part-time
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Palazzo, Albert (2003). "Organising for Jungle Warfare". In Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (eds.).
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Following this, the 55th Battalion was withdrawn from the line along with the rest of the
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The 55th Battalion receives its Colours in a ceremony at Liverpool, NSW, in 1927
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The following year, as the strategic outlook deteriorated following the
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The 55th Battalion's line at Wytschaete, near Messines, in February 1918
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until the end of the war, before being briefly amalgamated with the
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Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
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In early 1918, the Germans launched a major offensive β€“ the
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55th/53rd Battalion (New South Wales Rifle/West Sydney Regiment)
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55th/53rd Battalion (New South Wales Rifle/West Sydney Regiment)
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Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production
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The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
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Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001
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with one first Bar, one second Bar and one third Bar; three
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The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours
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Infantry formations of the First Australian Imperial Force
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Snowy to the Somme: A Muddy and Bloody Campaign, 1916–1918
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and was still in the process of re-organisation when the
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The Foundations of Victory: The Pacific War 1943–1944
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1942
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1937
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
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came into effect. Shortly afterwards the process of
2060: 2024: 1988: 1894: 1800: 1706: 1612: 1518: 1405:. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. 1284:. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 167: 162: 133: 125: 117: 98: 90: 80: 70: 52: 40: 23: 1244:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 2120:Military units and formations established in 1941 2110:Military units and formations established in 1921 2095:Military units and formations established in 1916 1020:"55th Battalion (New South Wales Rifle Regiment)" 251:in February 1916 as part of the expansion of the 1449:. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. 1369:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications. 1024:Second World War, 1939–1945 units, World War II 932: 462:, promoting the role of the army in peacetime. 247:The 55th Battalion was initially raised during 1242:A Bastard of a Place: The Australians in Papua 8: 1508: 1303:. Melbourne, Victoria: Allara Publishing. 1044: 618:The 55th Battalion received the following 590:and the Australian Minister for the Army, 347:, holding their positions even though the 401:Member of the Order of the British Empire 1430:Military Historical Society of Australia 1206: 1148: 1112: 993: 537:, the 55th Battalion was transported to 1085: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 952:. Australian Government. Archived from 920: 908: 809: 790: 752: 205:in the AIF the battalion served on the 1194: 866: 864: 862: 797: 20: 1182: 1136: 1097: 860: 858: 856: 854: 852: 850: 848: 846: 844: 842: 7: 1124: 1073: 974: 896: 833: 821: 513:In October 1941, as tensions in the 234:before being disbanded in May 1946. 201:. Raised in 1916 for service during 1445:Pike, Andrew; Cooper, Ross (1998). 1345:The Australian Army in World War II 735:Liberation of Australian New Guinea 2090:Australian World War II battalions 1301:The Lineage of the Australian Army 472:government decided to suspend the 16:Australian Army infantry battalion 14: 2085:Australian World War I battalions 218:in 1937. In October 1941, during 2105:1916 establishments in Australia 876:First World War, 1914–1918 units 508:Second Australian Imperial Force 173: 57: 29: 2066:1st Anzac Entrenching Battalion 1323:A Military History of Australia 1280:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). 1225:World War I: An Outline History 1063:National Film and Sound Archive 502:, due to the provisions of the 565:from 'E' Company were sent to 226:, where they took part in the 121:New South Wales Rifle Regiment 1: 465:In 1929, after newly elected 255:(AIF) that was undertaken in 413:Distinguished Conduct Medals 367:, which resulted in Private 361:Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin 320:where they took part in the 709:France and Flanders 1916–18 397:Distinguished Service Order 365:Battle of St. Quentin Canal 349:town fell into German hands 310:Second Battle of Bullecourt 297:heavy fighting on the Somme 2141: 1367:South West Pacific 1941–45 723:South-West Pacific 1942–45 539:Newcastle, New South Wales 474:compulsory training scheme 421:Meritorious Service Medals 1401:Maitland, Gordon (1999). 1299:Festberg, Alfred (1972). 1026:. Australian War Memorial 923:, pp. 126 & 140. 878:. Australian War Memorial 596:7th Machine Gun Battalion 519:Bathurst, New South Wales 271:, the battalion drew its 253:Australian Imperial Force 28: 1464:Palazzo, Albert (2001). 1223:Baldwin, Hanson (1962). 267:, which was part of the 1058:The Spirit of Gallipoli 482:Battalion, forming the 459:The Spirit of Gallipoli 447:, with headquarters at 1989:Machine Gun Battalions 1265:. Big Sky Publishing. 1259:Cook, Timothy (2014). 1227:. London: Hutchinson. 1164:. Orders of Battle.com 1045:Pike & Cooper 1998 635:South Africa 1899–1902 605:and then later in the 425:Mentions in Despatches 353:Hundred Days Offensive 332: 324:on 26 September 1917. 322:Battle of Polygon Wood 1240:Brune, Peter (2003). 1162:"Ian Grant Fullarton" 607:Bougainville campaign 498:At the outset of the 359:during the battle of 330: 259:after the end of the 228:Kokoda Track campaign 1382:Kuring, Ian (2004). 933:Coulthard-Clark 1998 295:in mid-July, amidst 1209:, pp. 141–142. 935:, pp. 138–140. 429:Ernest Albert Corey 301:Battle of Fromelles 155:New Guinea campaign 2025:Pioneer Battalions 2016:5th Machine Gun Bn 2011:4th Machine Gun Bn 2006:3rd Machine Gun Bn 2001:2nd Machine Gun Bn 1996:1st Machine Gun Bn 836:, pp. 99–100. 824:, pp. 98–100. 681:Villers-Bretonneux 504:Defence Act (1903) 371:being awarded the 351:. 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1287: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1272:9781922132635 1268: 1264: 1263: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1208: 1207:Maitland 1999 1203: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1151:, p. 57. 1150: 1149:Maitland 1999 1145: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113:Johnston 2007 1109: 1107: 1103: 1100:, p. 44. 1099: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 994:Festberg 1972 990: 988: 986: 984: 980: 976: 971: 968: 955: 951: 947: 941: 938: 934: 929: 926: 922: 917: 914: 911:, p. 99. 910: 905: 902: 898: 893: 890: 877: 873: 867: 865: 863: 861: 859: 857: 855: 853: 851: 849: 847: 845: 843: 839: 835: 830: 827: 823: 818: 815: 811: 806: 803: 800:, p. 47. 799: 794: 791: 785: 784: 774: 771: 765: 762: 756: 753: 746: 745: 741: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 717: 714: 713:Egypt 1915–16 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 673:Passchendaele 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 639: 636: 632: 629: 628: 627: 625: 621: 613: 611: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 584:Thomas Blamey 581: 576: 573: 568: 564: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 505: 501: 493: 491: 489: 488:Animo et Fide 485: 480: 475: 471: 468: 463: 461: 460: 454: 450: 446: 442: 434: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 393: 389: 385: 381: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 329: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 298: 294: 293:Western Front 290: 284: 282: 278: 277:3rd Battalion 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 242: 237: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 212: 208: 207:Western Front 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 183:Military unit 176: 172: 170: 166: 161: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 144: 143:Western Front 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 113: 108: 104: 101: 97: 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 66: 55: 51: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 1945: 1896:5th Division 1802:4th Division 1708:3rd Division 1614:2nd Division 1520:1st Division 1485: 1465: 1446: 1425: 1421: 1402: 1383: 1366: 1344: 1322: 1300: 1281: 1261: 1241: 1224: 1202: 1197:, p. 7. 1190: 1178: 1166:. Retrieved 1156: 1144: 1132: 1120: 1115:, p. 5. 1093: 1086:Palazzo 2001 1081: 1069: 1057: 1052: 1040: 1028:. Retrieved 1023: 970: 958:. Retrieved 954:the original 949: 940: 928: 921:Baldwin 1962 916: 909:Baldwin 1962 904: 899:, Chapter 1. 892: 880:. Retrieved 875: 829: 817: 812:, p. 6. 810:Palazzo 2003 805: 793: 773: 764: 755: 719:World War II 718: 669:Poelcappelle 665:Polygon Wood 640: 637:(inherited). 630: 617: 600: 588:Arthur Allen 577: 572:Kokoda Track 558:Port Moresby 551: 531:Pearl Harbor 512: 503: 500:World War II 497: 494:World War II 487: 464: 457: 452: 449:Forest Lodge 438: 377: 334: 285: 269:5th Division 265:14th Brigade 246: 232:Bougainville 220:World War II 187: 185: 149:World War II 147: 112:2nd Division 107:5th Division 103:14th Brigade 99:Part of 18: 2061:Other units 1195:Morgan 2019 1030:28 February 882:28 February 798:Kuring 2004 689:Albert 1918 641:World War I 592:Frank Forde 529:attacks on 249:World War I 243:World War I 203:World War I 138:World War I 134:Engagements 118:Nickname(s) 2079:Categories 1422:Sabretache 1216:References 1183:Brune 2003 1168:16 October 1137:Keogh 1965 1098:Keogh 1965 677:Ancre 1918 661:Menin Road 657:Ypres 1917 653:Bullecourt 645:Somme 1916 523:Greta Camp 281:Suez Canal 224:New Guinea 1438:0048-8933 1125:Grey 2008 1074:Grey 2008 975:Grey 2008 897:Cook 2014 834:Grey 2008 822:Grey 2008 786:Citations 747:Footnotes 727:Buna–Gona 603:Sanananda 567:Milne Bay 490:in 1937. 407:with two 384:Armistice 369:John Ryan 195:battalion 65:Australia 48:1941–1942 46:1921–1937 44:1916–1919 1958:15th Bde 1931:14th Bde 1864:13th Bde 1837:12th Bde 1770:11th Bde 1743:10th Bde 1432:: 4–10. 1365:(1965). 1343:(2007). 1321:(2008). 631:Boer War 527:Japanese 192:infantry 163:Insignia 85:Infantry 1978:60th Bn 1973:59th Bn 1968:58th Bn 1963:57th Bn 1951:56th Bn 1946:55th Bn 1941:54th Bn 1936:53rd Bn 1924:32nd Bn 1919:31st Bn 1914:30th Bn 1909:29th Bn 1904:8th Bde 1884:52nd Bn 1879:51st Bn 1874:50th Bn 1869:49th Bn 1857:48th Bn 1852:47th Bn 1847:46th Bn 1842:45th Bn 1830:16th Bn 1825:15th Bn 1820:14th Bn 1815:13th Bn 1810:4th Bde 1790:44th Bn 1785:43rd Bn 1780:42nd Bn 1775:41st Bn 1763:40th Bn 1758:39th Bn 1753:38th Bn 1748:37th Bn 1736:36th Bn 1731:35th Bn 1726:34th Bn 1721:33rd Bn 1716:9th Bde 1696:28th Bn 1691:27th Bn 1686:26th Bn 1681:25th Bn 1676:7th Bde 1669:24th Bn 1664:23rd Bn 1659:22nd Bn 1654:21st Bn 1649:6th Bde 1642:20th Bn 1637:19th Bn 1632:18th Bn 1627:17th Bn 1622:5th Bde 1602:12th Bn 1597:11th Bn 1592:10th Bn 1582:3rd Bde 1555:2nd Bde 1528:1st Bde 1375:7185705 563:section 515:Pacific 467:Scullin 423:and 24 357:PΓ©ronne 318:Belgium 238:History 197:of the 190:was an 126:Colours 53:Country 1587:9th Bn 1575:8th Bn 1570:7th Bn 1565:6th Bn 1560:5th Bn 1548:4th Bn 1543:3rd Bn 1538:2nd Bn 1533:1st Bn 1496:  1472:  1453:  1436:  1409:  1390:  1373:  1351:  1329:  1307:  1288:  1269:  1248:  1233:988365 1231:  685:Amiens 620:battle 549:area. 535:Malaya 445:Sydney 399:; one 375:(VC). 341:Amiens 289:France 71:Branch 62:  41:Active 1490:(PDF) 1428:(1). 960:4 May 742:Notes 470:Labor 411:; 22 403:; 24 314:Ypres 273:cadre 257:Egypt 1494:ISBN 1470:ISBN 1451:ISBN 1434:ISSN 1407:ISBN 1388:ISBN 1371:OCLC 1349:ISBN 1327:ISBN 1305:ISBN 1286:ISBN 1267:ISBN 1246:ISBN 1229:OCLC 1170:2010 1032:2010 962:2014 884:2010 622:and 582:and 533:and 409:Bars 214:the 186:The 91:Size 81:Type 1061:at 316:in 2081:: 1426:LX 1424:. 1105:^ 1022:. 1001:^ 982:^ 948:. 874:. 841:^ 733:, 729:, 725:, 721:: 711:, 707:, 703:, 699:, 695:, 691:, 687:, 683:, 679:, 675:, 671:, 667:, 663:, 659:, 655:, 651:, 649:18 643:: 633:: 626:: 598:. 431:. 283:. 105:, 1502:. 1478:. 1459:. 1440:. 1415:. 1396:. 1377:. 1357:. 1335:. 1313:. 1294:. 1275:. 1254:. 1235:. 1172:. 1034:. 964:. 886:. 737:. 715:. 647:– 545:–

Index


Australia
Australian Army
Infantry
14th Brigade
5th Division
2nd Division
World War I
Western Front
World War II
New Guinea campaign
Unit colour patch

infantry
battalion
Australian Army
World War I
Western Front
53rd Battalion
55th/53rd Battalion (New South Wales Rifle/West Sydney Regiment)
World War II
New Guinea
Kokoda Track campaign
Bougainville
World War I
Australian Imperial Force
Egypt
Gallipoli campaign
14th Brigade
5th Division

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