316:
267:
541:
328:
549:
47:
71:
88:
222:
In 1926 it was decided that the coastal defence guns of Great
Britain should be solely manned by part-time soldiers of the TA. This involved some reorganisation of existing units and the creation of some new units. By 1932 the reorganisation had taken its final form: the defences of the ports of
713:
By the end of 1942 the threat from German attack had diminished and there was demand for trained gunners for the fighting fronts. A process of reducing the manpower in the coast defences began in 1943, but there were few organisational changes for the Thames & Medway defences closest to the
621:
After the rapid expansion in the early part of the war, there was some rationalisation among coast artillery units, with 518th (T&M) Coast Rgt being disbanded on 1 October 1941 and its batteries distributed amongst the other two regiments, which then had the following organisation under the
747:
was suffering a manpower crisis, so the WO went further and converted the RA garrison regiments (and some other RA units) into infantry battalions for duties in the rear areas. 516th (T&M) Garrison Rgt was converted into
725:
detachments or in the hands of care and maintenance parties. On 1 April 168 and 286 Btys were transferred from 517th to 516th Coast Rgt, and 220 Bty was transferred in the opposite direction, while No 3 COD was disbanded.
734:
By the end of 1944 serious naval attacks on the coast could be discounted and the WO began reorganising surplus coastal units into garrison infantry battalions. On 3 December RHQ of 516th Coast Rgt was converted into
1120:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 30: Coast Artillery, Defence Troops, Royal Artillery, and AA Defence of Merchant Ships, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/122.
1147:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 7: Coast Artillery, Defence Troops, Royal Artillery, and AA Defence of Merchant Ships (July 1943), with amendments, TNA file WO 212/124.
1132:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 30: Coast Artillery, Defence Troops, Royal Artillery, and AA Defence of Merchant Ships, 12 December 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO
523:
263:
defences. The new unit was formed on 1 October 1932, comprising two batteries transferred from the Kent Hvy Bde and absorbing the single-battery Essex Hvy Bde, giving the following organisation:
1522:
792:
752:, comprising five batteries designated A–E. It served in Europe until after the end of the war, passing into suspended animation between 5 and 25 July 1946. On 1 June 1945, shortly after
408:, the coastal artillery regiments underwent a major reorganisation in the summer of 1940. On 14 July the three T&M heavy batteries were expanded into three complete coast regiments:
800:
667:
647:
788:
1108:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 20: Coast Artillery and AA Defence of Merchant Ships, 16 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/118.
776:
780:
166:, at the end of which it sent troops to work in the rear areas in Europe. It was reformed postwar but was broken up when the coast artillery branch was abolished in 1956.
710:
By July 1942 Coastal
Artillery Plotting Rooms had been created to coordinate the 'coast watching' radar of the CODs, with No 13 plotting room assigned to Sheerness.
1512:
784:
694:
240:
1192:
Order of Battle of the Forces in the United
Kingdom, Part 7, Coast Artillery and AA Defence of Merchant Ships (1 April 1944), with amendments, TNA file WO 212/120.
1517:
858:
415 Coast Rgt is believed to have worn an unofficial supplementary shoulder title with 'THAMES & MEDWAY' embroidered in the RA colours of red on navy blue.
663:
232:
401:
183:
308:
In line with the RA's modernisation of its titles, the brigade was termed a regiment from 1 November 1938. As the TA was increased in size after the
842:
831:
739:, and its batteries (167, 168, 286, 287, 288, 334, 356, 425) became independent and then transferred to 517th (T&M) Coast Rgt. By January 1945
775:
The Coast
Artillery Branch of the RA was disbanded during 1956, and on 31 October the regiment was broken up. Its Kent batteries amalgamated with
224:
1019:
756:, RHQ of 517th Coast Rgt had gone into suspended animation together with its TA batteries, while the war-formed batteries were disbanded.
354:
721:) led to further reductions in coast defences in April 1944. By this stage of the war many of the coast battery positions were manned by
1395:
953:
195:
155:
91:
315:
1344:
1324:
1286:
266:
236:
372:
1216:
516:
17:
1478:
1018:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 20: Coast Artillery, 1 June 1941, with amendments,
744:
485:
167 Bty – formed from part of A Bty 1 April 1941, 6-inch battery at Canvey Island, moved to
Garrison Point 16 March 1943
835:
722:
320:
1062:
1048:
1034:
561:
366:
360:
1236:
604:
By September 1941, when Britain's coast defences were at their height, the Thames & Medway fixed guns were:
1456:, London: Royal Artillery Institution, 1959/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2005, ISBN 978-1-845740-31-3.
816:
488:
168 Bty – formed from part of A Bty 1 April 1941, 3-pounder battery at Canvey Island, moved to Scars Elbow and
1097:
1489:
Stepping Forward: A Tribute to the Volunteer Military Reservists and Supporting Auxiliaries of Greater London
1176:
1165:
587:
449:
220 Bty – formed 16 January 1941 by 72 Coast Training Rgt at Norton Camp, joined 30 April 1941 at Sheerness
327:
824:
540:
489:
248:
791:, while the Kent (Sheerness and Gravesend) batteries of 263 Med Rgt were amalgamated with a battery of
804:
593:
1433:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941
203:
1385:
718:
443:
287 Bty – formed from C Bty 1 April 1941, at Garrison Point, moved to Grain Fort by 16 April 1943
405:
312:, the Thames & Medway (T&M) Hvy Rgt formed a new 192 Hvy Bty at Southend by August 1939.
349:
On the outbreak of war on 3 September 1939 the regiment was responsible for the following guns:
1424:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 1-845740-59-9.
1401:
1391:
769:
548:
175:
787:. In 1961 the Essex (Canvey Island and Southend) batteries of 353 Med Rgt were absorbed into
190:, was split into separate sections. The Essex Royal Garrison Artillery was redesignated the
1428:
796:
740:
421:
302:
280:
207:
129:
125:
87:
46:
1435:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, ISBN 1-85753-080-2.
1493:
1268:
846:
477:
256:
159:
76:
1506:
1381:
446:
288 Bty – formed from D Bty 1 April 1941, as Garrison anti-Motor Torpedo Boat battery
437:
332:
309:
276:
1418:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West
637:
284 Bty – disbanded 1 December 1941 and personnel distributed to the other batteries
1413:
764:
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 614 (T&M) Rgt was reformed as
383:
163:
139:
392:
under the command of RA Fixed Defences, Eastern Ports, with its HQ at Sheerness
179:
687:
534:
428:
298:
199:
1405:
690:(WO) control 12 February 1942 and attached to Coast Artillery Training Centre
529:
109 Bty – joined from 524th (L&C) Rgt 23 October 1941, at Shornemead Fort
646:
289 Bty – joined from 518th (T&M) Rgt 15 September 1941; transferred to
522:
357 Bty – joined from 516th (T&M) Rgt 15 September 1941; transferred to
506:
482:
419 Bty – formed 21 September 1940, joined 31 December 1940, at Shoeburyness
292:
286:
154:, which at its peak comprised three full regiments, was formed in Britain's
717:
The manpower requirements for the forthcoming Allied invasion of Normandy (
544:
5.5-inch gun in wartime emergency position, preserved on the Faroe Islands.
466:
1473:
1447:
The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
223:
Eastern England would be responsibility of three RA heavy brigades. The
1488:
470:
228:
187:
436:
286 Bty – formed from B Bty 1 April 1941, at Whitehall Farm, moved to
270:
Fort Clarence, Rochester, HQ of the Thames & Medway Heavy Brigade.
206:
numbered 175. When the Royal Garrison Artillery was subsumed into the
849:, appointed 25 September 1937, continued with 415 (T&M) Coast Rgt
753:
433:
285 Bty – formed from part of A Bty 1 April 1941, at Martello battery
331:
Mk VII 6-inch gun in typical coast defence emplacement, preserved at
260:
1442:, Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
700:
425 Independent Coast Bty – joined 12 February 1942, at Shornemead
547:
539:
326:
314:
265:
244:
533:
During the summer of 1940 a number of emergency batteries of ex-
1461:
The Corps of Royal Engineers: Organization and Units 1889–2018
768:
with RHQ at Gravesend and R (Essex) Bty at Artillery House,
653:
334 Bty – joined from 518th (T&M) Rgt 15 September 1941
703:
167 Bty – transferred to 516th (T&M) Rgt 16 March 1943
643:
286 Bty – transferred to 517th (T&M) Rgt 16 March 1943
573:
By November 1940 the Thames & Medway guns comprised:
424:; transferred to 518th (T&M) Coast Rgt by 1 April 1940
291:
169 (Kent) Heavy Battery at the Royal Artillery Barracks,
515:
290 Bty – formed from B Bty 1 April 1941; transferred to
158:
in 1932 to man coastal defence guns on both banks of the
18:
516th (Thames and Medway) Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery
1483:
1449:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.
706:
286 Bty – joined from 516th (T&M) Rgt 16 March 1943
659:
295 Bty – joined from 520th (K&S) Rgt 16 April 1943
656:
167 Bty – joined from 517th (T&M) Rgt 16 March 1943
552:
6-pounder Mark I guns in twin coastal artillery mount.
194:
the following year when the TF was reorganised as the
838:, TD, appointed 11 March 1933, died 26 September 1935
427:
284 Bty – formed from part of A Bty 1 April 1941, at
210:(RA) in 1924, the unit was redesignated again as the
954:
Eastern Command, 3 September 1939, at Patriot Files.
789:
304 (Essex Yeomanry Royal Horse Artillery) Field Rgt
416:
Formed with A, B, C and D Btys, later organised as:
662:No 3 Coast Observer Detachment (COD) – joined from
135:
121:
113:
105:
97:
82:
64:
56:
31:
1454:The History of Coast Artillery in the British Army
805:44th (Home Counties) Divisional/District Engineers
1523:Military units and formations established in 1932
1246:
1244:
631:Regimental HQ (RHQ) at Sheerness in Sheerness FC
178:(TF) was reconstituted on 7 February 1920 after
1463:, Tiger Lily Books, 2018, ISBN 978-171790180-4.
1200:
1198:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
876:
874:
872:
870:
501:Formed with A and B Btys, later organised as:
458:Formed with A and B Btys, later organised as:
1440:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
783:, while the Essex batteries amalgamated with
192:Essex Coast Brigade, Royal Garrison Artillery
8:
1354:
1352:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
772:. It formed part of 101 Coast Bde at Dover.
750:614th (Thames & Medway) Infantry Rgt, RA
737:516th (Thames & Medway) Garrison Rgt, RA
1459:Graham E. Watson & Richard A. Rinaldi,
1188:
1186:
1184:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
524:524th (Lancashire & Cheshire) Coast Rgt
51:Cap badge of the Royal Artillery (pre-1953)
1375:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage,
675:517th (Thames & Medway) Coast Regiment
626:516th (Thames & Medway) Coast Regiment
622:command of HQ Thames and Medway Defences:
497:518th (Thames & Medway) Coast Regiment
454:517th (Thames & Medway) Coast Regiment
412:516th (Thames & Medway) Coast Regiment
184:Essex and Suffolk Royal Garrison Artillery
45:
1212:
1210:
949:
947:
666:by July 1943; temporarily transferred to
285:167 (Kent) Heavy Battery at Pelham Road,
40:415th (Thames & Medway) Coast Rgt, RA
38:518th (Thames & Medway) Coast Rgt, RA
36:517th (Thames & Medway) Coast Rgt, RA
34:516th (Thames & Medway) Coast Rgt, RA
1345:100–225 Sqns RE at British Army 1945 on.
1325:235–265 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
1287:414–443 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
1084:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1058:
1056:
1044:
1042:
1030:
1028:
512:289 Bty – formed from A Bty 1 April 1941
198:(TA). It consisted of a headquarters at
1282:
1280:
998:
996:
866:
509:, moved to No 1 Bastion 7 December 1942
301:, moving to the Drill Hall, York Road,
1513:Military units and formations in Essex
1390:. London: Naval & Military Press.
934:
932:
930:
505:334 Bty – joined 31 December 1940, at
476:356 Bty – joined 31 December 1940, at
465:332 Bty – joined 31 December 1940, at
420:357 Bty – joined 31 December 1940, at
400:With the danger of invasion after the
186:, which had defended the ports around
28:
1518:Military units and formations in Kent
32:Thames & Medway Heavy Brigade, RA
7:
1335:Watson & Rinaldi, pp. 289, 301.
801:211 (Thames & Medway) Field Sqn
766:415 (Thames & Medway) Coast Rgt
648:520th (Kent & Sussex) Coast Rgt
793:458 (Kent) Light Anti-Aircraft Rgt
462:B Bty – disbanded 31 December 1940
319:9.2-inch Coastal gun preserved at
25:
1479:Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
1387:The Defense of the United Kingdom
640:285 Bty – disbanded 15 March 1943
218:Thames & Medway Heavy Brigade
152:Thames and Medway Coast Artillery
1020:The National Archives (TNA), Kew
537:guns were installed, including:
388:Medway Fire Command at Sheerness
162:. It served in this role during
86:
69:
1474:British Army units from 1945 on
1306:Frederick, pp. 998, 1003, 1007.
1237:614 Infantry Rgt at RA 1939–45.
1217:516 Garrison Rgt at RA 1939–45.
253:Thames and Medway Heavy Brigade
1227:Ellis, pp. 141–2; Appendix IV.
566:Shornemead Fort – 2 × 5.5-inch
1:
1315:Litchfield, pp. 67, 156, 162.
990:Frederick, pp. 602–11, 627–8.
297:175 (Essex) Heavy Battery at
255:would be responsible for the
843:Wykeham, 2nd Lord Cornwallis
832:Fiennes, 1st Lord Cornwallis
777:263 (6th London) Medium Rgt
402:British Expeditionary Force
321:Imperial War Museum Duxford
1539:
1088:Maurice-Jones, pp. 229–32.
880:Frederick, pp. 601, 614–6.
781:263 (6th London) Light Rgt
680:RHQ at Canvey in Thames FC
378:These were controlled by:
243:to man the batteries from
117:Thames and Medway Defences
1496:The Territorial Army 1947
1452:Col K. W. Maurice-Jones,
1156:Maurice-Jones, pp. 234–5.
898:Maurice-Jones, pp. 206–7.
695:515th (Suffolk) Coast Rgt
693:332 Bty – transferred to
686:109 Bty – transferred to
668:521st (K&S) Coast Rgt
557:Shoeburyness – 2 × 6-inch
44:
1484:Royal Artillery 1939–45.
1445:Norman E.H. Litchfield,
1377:100th Edn, London, 1953.
827:, appointed 18 June 1930
815:The following served as
795:and 211 Field Squadron,
670:November 1943–March 1944
1259:Litchfield, Appendix 5.
785:353 (London) Medium Rgt
664:568th (Devon) Coast Rgt
382:Thames Fire Command at
212:Essex Heavy Brigade, RA
1297:Maurice-Jones, p. 277.
1098:Collier, Appendix XIX.
1063:518 Rgt at RA 1939–45.
1049:517 Rgt at RA 1939–45.
1035:516 Rgt at RA 1939–45.
964:Maurice-Jones, p. 220.
569:Shellness – 2 × 6-inch
553:
545:
406:evacuated from Dunkirk
336:
324:
271:
1422:The Defeat of Germany
1204:Frederick, pp. 880–1.
1177:Collier, Chapter XXI.
1166:Collier, Chapter XIX.
560:Coalhouse Fort – 2 ×
551:
543:
330:
318:
275:Headquarters (HQ) at
269:
251:, and a newly-formed
239:would combine as the
823:Lt-Col F.W. Leaver,
1250:Frederick, p. 1011.
1438:J.B.M. Frederick,
1076:Farndale, Annex B.
1022:, file WO 212/117.
1002:Farndale, Annex M.
924:Litchfield, p 111.
889:Litchfield, p. 65.
719:Operation Overlord
683:168, 356, 419 Btys
634:220, 287, 288 Btys
554:
546:
337:
325:
272:
811:Honorary Colonels
745:North West Europe
176:Territorial Force
145:
144:
16:(Redirected from
1530:
1468:External sources
1409:
1362:
1356:
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942:
941:, various dates.
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896:
890:
887:
881:
878:
817:Honorary Colonel
697:10 February 1942
492:by November 1941
473:10 February 1942
440:by 16 March 1943
196:Territorial Army
156:Territorial Army
92:Territorial Army
90:
75:
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72:
49:
29:
21:
1538:
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1533:
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1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:Graham Watson,
1470:
1429:Martin Farndale
1398:
1380:
1370:
1365:
1361:: 'Cornwallis'.
1357:
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797:Royal Engineers
770:Stratford Green
762:
741:21st Army Group
732:
602:
526:23 October 1941
517:540th Coast Rgt
499:
456:
422:Shornemead Fort
414:
398:
347:
342:
303:Southend-on-Sea
241:Kent and Sussex
237:Sussex Hvy Bdes
231:batteries, the
225:Suffolk Hvy Bde
220:
208:Royal Artillery
174:When Britain's
172:
148:
130:Gravesend, Kent
128:
126:Rochester, Kent
101:Coast Artillery
70:
68:
52:
39:
37:
35:
33:
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5:
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1396:
1382:Collier, Basil
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478:Coalhouse Fort
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259:including the
257:Thames Estuary
227:would man the
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160:Thames Estuary
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77:United Kingdom
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1397:1-84574-055-6
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1272:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
931:
927:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
901:
895:
892:
886:
883:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
861:
859:
853:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
821:
820:
819:of the unit:
818:
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
759:
757:
755:
751:
746:
743:operating in
742:
738:
729:
727:
724:
720:
715:
711:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
669:
665:
661:
658:
655:
652:
650:16 April 1943
649:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
628:
627:
623:
617:5 × 6-pounder
616:
613:
610:
607:
606:
605:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
575:
574:
568:
565:
563:
559:
556:
555:
550:
542:
538:
536:
528:
525:
521:
519:16 April 1941
518:
514:
511:
508:
504:
503:
502:
496:
491:
490:St Mary's Bay
487:
484:
481:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
461:
460:
459:
453:
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:Canvey Island
435:
432:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
411:
409:
407:
403:
395:
393:
387:
385:
381:
380:
379:
374:
370:
368:
364:
362:
358:
356:
352:
351:
350:
344:
339:
334:
333:Newhaven Fort
329:
322:
317:
313:
311:
310:Munich Crisis
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
288:
284:
282:
278:
277:Fort Clarence
274:
273:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
202:and a single
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:, the former
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
147:Military unit
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:1–3 Regiments
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
30:
27:
19:
1495:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1421:
1417:
1386:
1374:
1358:
1340:
1331:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1270:
1264:
1255:
1232:
1223:
1172:
1161:
1152:
1104:
1093:
960:
938:
894:
885:
857:
814:
774:
765:
763:
749:
736:
733:
716:
712:
709:
674:
673:
625:
624:
620:
614:4 × 5.5-inch
608:2 × 9.2-inch
603:
583:4 × 5.5-inch
577:5 × 9.2-inch
572:
532:
500:
457:
415:
399:
396:Home Defence
391:
384:Shoeburyness
377:
348:
345:Mobilisation
340:World War II
307:
252:
221:
211:
191:
173:
164:World War II
151:
149:
140:World War II
114:Part of
26:
611:12 × 6-inch
580:10 × 6-inch
469:, moved to
373:12-pounders
180:World War I
136:Engagements
122:Garrison/HQ
1507:Categories
1420:, Vol II:
1414:L.F. Ellis
1368:References
799:to become
723:Home Guard
688:War Office
594:3-pounders
588:6-pounders
535:Royal Navy
429:Grain Fort
299:Dovercourt
200:Dovercourt
1406:499176250
939:Army List
507:Shellness
293:Sheerness
287:Gravesend
281:Rochester
60:1932–1956
1427:Gen Sir
1384:(2004).
1269:Watson,
1133:212/123.
854:Insignia
779:to form
730:Late war
562:5.5-inch
467:Foulness
367:4.7-inch
355:9.2-inch
249:Newhaven
1359:Burke's
1271:TA 1947
760:Postwar
714:enemy.
600:Mid-War
471:Bawdsey
229:Harwich
204:battery
188:Harwich
65:Country
1404:
1394:
754:VE Day
361:6-inch
261:Medway
170:Origin
83:Branch
74:
57:Active
862:Notes
841:Capt
245:Dover
1412:Maj
1402:OCLC
1392:ISBN
830:Col
592:2 ×
586:3 ×
404:was
371:4 ×
365:2 ×
359:6 ×
353:5 ×
235:and
233:Kent
150:The
106:Size
98:Role
836:CBE
803:in
247:to
1509::
1431:,
1416:,
1400:.
1351:^
1279:^
1243:^
1209:^
1197:^
1183:^
1138:^
1125:^
1113:^
1081:^
1069:^
1055:^
1041:^
1027:^
1007:^
995:^
969:^
946:^
929:^
903:^
869:^
847:MC
845:,
834:,
825:TD
807:.
279:,
214:.
1408:.
1273:.
335:.
323:.
20:)
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