Edinburgh City Artillery - Knowledge (XXG)

1438:, later recalled that 'The noise was appalling, and the sight was awe-inspiring. All across the front shells were exploding. ... It soon became clear that the enemy was completely bemused as a result of our colossal bombardment; their resistance was slight'. The infantry followed the artillery fire closely, at the risk of incurring casualties from friendly fire, and overran the German forward positions. However, the battle slowed down into a series of short-range night and dawn attacks through flooded country from one 'island' village to another behind a barrage: 'it was a slog in which only two things mattered, training and guns ... Slowly and bitterly we advanced through the mud supported by our superb artillery'. The British artillery prevented the Germans from assembling effective counter-attack forces. 51st (L) Heavy Rgt fired in support of 51st (H) Division, 15th (S) Division and 688:– the results were not apparent'. From 07.25 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty spent the day firing mainly at battery positions around Le Quesnoy Farm at ranges around 8,000 yards (7,300 m). Left and Right Sections (two guns each) each took a different target, then switched to another pair of targets at 07.40. It was not until 09.30 that the CO of 48th HAG could report that one of the Group's target batteries had been silenced. 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty engaged the same four German batteries again at 10.46 and at 11.30, and fired on another battery near Adinfer Wood at 14.35, but none of these targets received more than 43 shells during the day (barely half the battery's allowance) and as the fire was unobserved the damage was probably negligible. (Although 1340: 857: 1232: 419: 702: 1224: 679:

towards Gommecourt. At first, this went well for 56th Division. Despite casualties from the German counter-bombardment on their jumping-off trenches, the smoke and morning mist helped the infantry, and they reached the German front line with little loss and moved on towards the second and reserve lines. The artillery Observation Posts (OPs) reported the signboards erected by the leading waves to mark their progress. However, the OPs themselves came under attack from the German guns, which laid a

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the attack was postponed for two days, and the additional days (Y1 and Y2) were used for further bombardment. The battery was silent on Y1. On Y2, 48th HAG engaged 18 separate targets, and 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty fired 220 rounds, but this was far below the 400 per battery permitted, because of continuing difficulties of observation. Many of these rounds were wide of their intended targets. The failure to neutralise the German guns would have disastrous results for the attacking infantry.

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men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form them into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. The 2/1st Lowland (City of Edinburgh) battery was formed in the

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moving infantry. As the attacking infantry reached their second objective (the Blue Line), their field guns moved up in support and the 60-pounder batteries moved forward into the vacated positions. On VII Corps' front, the attack was partially successful, but infantry–artillery communication was still limited, and follow-up attacks over succeeding days suffered from hastily prepared artillery plans.

1457:), involved an even greater concentration of artillery. 4 AGRA was once again supporting XXX Corps. The artillery opened fire at 17.00 on 23 March with CB fire to neutralise the 150 enemy guns that had been identified on the corps front, and that night the infantry crossings began. By 28 March, Second Army had broken out of its Rhine bridgehead and was pursuing the enemy across North Germany. 1434:. The batteries moved into 'hides' near Beers ahead of the operation. The assembly of heavy guns and ammunition in forward areas for this offensive along inadequate roads was a major achievement. The concentration of artillery fire was the greatest employed by the British Army so far in the war. The guns opened fire at H Hour (10.30) on 8 February. XXX Corps' commander, Lt-Gen Sir 1553:. The guns fired a concentration for 30 minutes before Zero (which was at 01.00), then barrages and concentrations as required. The operation bogged down in close country and an attempt to restart it the next night broke down when the artillery was directed to fire on the Bottaceto itself, while German troops were still in position in front of it. 670:'s attack front, although the Territorials' 4.7-inch guns could not actually reach the German heavy gun positions in the rear, and accuracy of the 4.7-inch batteries was generally poor. The planned seven-day bombardment of the German positions began on 24 June but 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty did not begin registering its guns on 431:(WO) refused to pay for the upkeep of field guns and the concept died out in the 1870s. It was revived in 1888 when some Volunteer batteries were reorganised as 'position artillery' to work alongside the Volunteer infantry brigades. In February 1889, the 1st Edinburgh AVC was issued with two position batteries of 853:. Conditions for the gunners in this battle were appalling, with immense labour being required to position guns and gun platforms in thick mud on a bare slope without any cover. Exhausted artillery units were having to be rotated. After the battle ended, 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was rested from 18 December. 864:

On 5 January 1918, 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty joined the mixed-calibre 93rd HAG (93rd (Mixed) Brigade, RGA, from 1 February), and remained with this brigade for the rest of the war. 93rd Brigade was at the time with Fourth Army, but on 14 March it transferred to Fifth Army, just in time to be caught up in

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identified 63 German batteries firing on VII Corps' front, many of these were out of range, and the aircrews were unable to spot fall of shot for the British guns because of smoke, haze and confusion.) By mid-afternoon, 56th Division's slight gains were being eroded by German counter-attacks, and all

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preventing supplies and reinforcements from reaching the leading infantry waves who had entered the German trenches. The heavy guns tried to suppress the German artillery, but the commander of 56th Division commented that although 'our counter-battery groups engaged a large number of German batteries

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On the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, the Lowland Hvy Bty began mobilising at Edinburgh with its four 4.7-inch guns, under the command of Major J.B. Cameron. Almost immediately, TF units were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August 1914, the WO issued instructions to separate those

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The 2nd and 4th Batteries were mainly composed of artisans, but the members of the other batteries paid for their own uniforms and equipment. The unit's badges and accoutrements bore the inscription 'EDINBURGH CITY ARTILLERY'. Its headquarters (HQ) was established at 21 Castle Street (later at King's

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position (10–14 July), the guns fired on enemy artillery batteries to cover the lull. The attack was an anti-climax, the terrain offering more resistance than the enemy, but the steep nature of the ground made accurate artillery support difficult, and there was heavier fighting on 15 July before the

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on 9 April. This time there were many more guns available and the artillery plan was much more carefully worked out. After the preliminary bombardment, howitzers laid a standing barrage on the German trenches at Zero hour while the 60-pounders swept and searched in depth to catch machine gunners and

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at the beginning of May and spent a week preparing positions for its guns. It was then ordered to hand these over to 116th Hvy Bty, which would move in during June, so for several weeks the battery's gunners had to labour both to finish these positions for 116th Hvy Bty, and their own new positions,

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on 1 June, and was assigned to 8th HAG on 10 June. The battery was brought up to six guns on 31 July 1916, when it was joined by a section from the newly arrived 149th Hvy Bty. 8th HAG was not involved in the Gommecourt attack, and spent the rest of 1916 in routine trench warfare under Third Army.

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until 27 June (X Day). Later, the guns practised a six-minute 'hurricane' bombardment on the German positions in which the battery fired 68 rounds. Y Day was spent shelling German gun positions, but the weather was poor for observation, and the battery only fired 20 rounds. Because of the weather,

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Like the 1/1st Battery, the 2/1st (also with 60-pounders) was moved from one HAG to another. On 25 November 1916, it was transferred to 35th HAG, on 17 December to 65th, then two days later to 54th, returning to 35th on 8 January 1917, then to 39th on 11 February, all within Third Army. Like its

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On Z Day (1 July), the entire artillery supporting 56th Division fired a 65-minute bombardment of the German front, starting at 06.25. At 07.30, the guns lifted onto their pre-arranged targets in the German support and reserve lines as the infantry got out of their forward trenches and advanced

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The original uniform of the Edinburgh City Artillery was a dark blue tunic, black braided, with blue collar and cuffs that were later changed to scarlet, and a red stripe down the trousers. Officers wore black lace at first, later changed to white or silver cord and then red from 1878. A

1196:(AGRA), a powerful artillery brigade, usually comprising one heavy, three medium and one field regiment, which could be rapidly moved about the battlefield, and had the punch to destroy enemy artillery. 51st (L) Hvy Rgt, together with its attached signal section and LAD, was assigned to 1513:. On 17 February 1942, 66th Medium Rgt was authorised to use its parent regiment's 'Lowland' subtitle. The regiment left Eastern Command in December 1942 and came under direct WO control preparatory to embarking for overseas service. By mid-February, it had sailed for the Middle East. 1471:

The regiment moved to the Otterloo area, where there was little firing apart from night HF tasks, though 4 Bty sent a fighting patrol on foot to comb nearby woods for Germans. On 23 April, the regiment fired on two hostile batteries, but the fighting was coming to an end.

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2/1st Lowland Heavy Battery was raised at Edinburgh before the end of 1914. The 2nd Lowland Division (later numbered the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division) slowly assembled in early 1915, hampered by lack of equipment for training. By August 1915, it had concentrated around

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in a barrage that was so thick and accurate that all the Australians' Phase 1 objectives were secured by 07.00, and scarcely a German shell fell after 05.40. The Australians continued to advance rapidly, sometimes running into their own barrage in their eagerness.

1006:) of the new brigade were prewar officers of the 1st Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Hvy Bty. Affiliated to it were the cadet corps of North Berwick, Haddington, and Tranent Industrial School. The brigade served as 'Army Troops' in 52nd (Lowland) Divisional Area of 709:

Over the next year, the 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was moved from one HAG to another as circumstances demanded. It was transferred to 46th on 28 August, 47th on 13 September and 8th on 5 October before returning to 47th on 29 December. All these moves were within

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and began the artillery preparation for 'Blackcock' on 15 January. During this bombardment, 4 Bty fired on dug-in tanks near Berberen. On 20 January, the regiment shifted its positions so that the 155mm guns could reach targets across the

1157:. They had the satisfaction of intercepting a German radio message that said 'Bridge at Momelin strongly held, try elsewhere'. The defenders at St Momelin were relieved by French troops on 25 May and fell back into the 'pocket' round 848:

After Arras, 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty moved back to 35th HAG on 30 May, to 58th on 9 June, and then on 16 June it returned to 39th HAG. On 5 October, it moved to 92nd HAG in Fifth Army, which was engaged in the final stages of the

614:. The RGA brigades were renamed Heavy Artillery Groups (HAGs) shortly afterwards, and the policy was to move batteries between HAGs as required. 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty moved to 16th HAG on 3 March, then to 48th HAG on 17 April. 435:, which were manned by four of the garrison batteries. In 1892, the two position batteries were numbered 1 and 2, and the remaining garrison batteries were redesignated Nos 3–7 Companies. The 16-pounders were replaced by 426:

The AVCs were intended to serve as garrison artillery manning fixed defences, but a number of the early units manned semi-mobile 'position batteries' of smooth-bore field guns pulled by agricultural horses. However, the

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Armies. At the end of the first day 81st Bde was sent up to reinforce Third Army. During the 'Great Retreat' of March and early April, the artillery did their best to support rearguards until a new line was stabilised.

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Valley, 66th (L) Medium Rgt was directly attached to it, though the precarious bridges across the Santero made the relief and subsequent supply a very slow business. 6 AGRA remained in XIII Corps for the victorious

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66th Medium Regiment was not deployed to France with the BEF, and thus avoided the evacuation from Dunkirk. During the 'invasion summer' of 1940 and up to the end of 1941 it formed the medium artillery component of

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during 1916. In December 1916, the WO decided that all heavy batteries should be composed of six guns and 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was brought up to that strength on 23 January 1917 when it was joined by a section of

1913:. Because the Regular 1st Heavy Rgt was equipped with 8-inch howitzers, of which 12 were captured in France, the 24 captured 9.2-inch howitzers must have equipped the two TA heavy regiments deployed with the BEF. 1540:

66th (L) Medium Rgt landed in Sicily with one battery of 4.5-inch guns and one of 5.5s. It came into action on 17 July, together with six field regiments, in support of an attack on the Fossa Bottaceto, south of

1666:, while 66th Medium Rgt was formally disbanded. The new regiment formed part of 85 (Field) AGRA. It changed its 'Lothians' subtitle to 'Lowland' on 12 December 1955, when it had the following organisation: 1793:, was presented by his family to 278th (Lowland) Fd Rgt, successors to 1st Lowland Brigade. They were worn by the commander of P (1st City of Edinburgh) Battery on every Royal saluting parade until 1967. 1137:, where there was fierce fighting. After leaving rearguards on the Dendre, the BEF occupied the Escaut line on 21 May, but by now the enemy was in its rear. To hold the line of the Aire Canal north of 1332:

in their attack towards the Mass, though there was only a little CB and counter-mortar (CM) fire. On 25 and 27 November, 4 Bty carried out shoots against a German strongpoint at Kasteel, directed by

800:, its two divisions were supported by no fewer than eight RGA heavy brigades including the 81st. Half of the 'heavies' were used for counter-battery tasks, the rest for the bombardment and barrage. 761:

The battery was withdrawn from the line on 7 November, and was then resting, moving and training until 16 December. By now HAG allocations were becoming more fixed. From 28 December 1917 until the

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All the BEF's heavy equipment such as artillery had to be disabled and left behind in France, and this could only be slowly replaced. By the Autumn of 1940, 51st (L) Hvy Rgt with its attached

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History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions,

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by firing on an enemy-held factory. The battery commander personally established the OP and after 10 ranging shots the battery fired 20 rounds 'for effect', of which 12 were direct hits.

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the Allied forces were reorganised for a spring offensive in 1944. Additional AOP aircraft were allocated, and 6 AGRA benefited from 'Rover David', a 'cab rank system' for direct

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the remaining gains had to be abandoned after dark. VII Corps' costly attack was only a diversion from the main BEF attack further south, and was not renewed after the first day.

1595:, the 5.5s firing over 350 rounds per gun and the 4.5s over 327, despite there being only one road up which to supply this ammunition. In the first half of December, during the 4266: 3118:

Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 22 November 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/8 and WO 33/1962.

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Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional units), 22 October 1941, with amendments, TNA files WO 212/6 and WO 33/1883.

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Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 25 March 1941, with amendments, TNA files WO 212/5 and WO 33/2323.

1133:. On 17 May a gap opened up between the BEF and the Belgian Army, and a battery of 51sth (L) Hvy Rgt was among the artillery reinforcements thrown into this gap along the 1079:

At this time heavy regiments consisted of four 4-gun batteries, which in the 51st were designated A, B, C, and D. 51st (Lowland) Hvy Rgt would have been equipped with

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In early April, 51st (L) Hvy Rgt returned to the Netherlands to come under the command of 1st Canadian AGRA near Bemmel. From 12 to 17 April the regiment supported

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Shortly after the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939, 57th (Lowland) Medium Rgt was converted to the heavy artillery role at Leith, initially being designated

816:, with 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty training alongside its 1st Line parent at Stirling. In November, the division moved into winter quarters, with the heavy battery at 1681: 1550: 3722:

History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56)

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Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 18 February 1943, TNA file WO 212/9 and WO 33/1987.

1863: 1181:, facing the possibility of German invasion by sea and air. The available heavy guns were sited within range of likely landing places. The regiment moved to 292:

following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Artillery Volunteer Corps (AVCs) composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular

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Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 14 August 1942, TNA file WO 212/7 and WO 33/1927.

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While training with 3rd Division in 1942, 66th (Lowland) Medium Rgt wore a blue diamond-shaped shoulder flash bearing the numeral 7 embroidered in red.

1189:. On 11 March 1942 the regiment's four batteries were redesignated P, Q, R and S, and on 1 January 1943 they were numbered as 1, 2, 4 and 6 Heavy Btys. 1186: 599: 498: 305: 3620: 1584: 1309: 3587: 3974: 3645: 1715: 1707:. (278th Field Rgt was descended from the 1st Lowland Brigade, RFA, to which the Edinburgh City Artillery had contributed one battery in 1908, 1439: 1368: 1339: 1572:). The assembled guns fired vast amounts of ammunition without reply, and the assault troops met little opposition on the lightly held shore. 4180: 4162: 4088: 4073: 4025: 3811: 3781: 502: 399: 393: 3092:

Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional units), 2 April 1942, TNA file WO 212/515.

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The anticipated invasion never came, and the field force in the UK began to prepare for offensive action once more. One innovation was the

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for CM tasks. 51st (L) Heavy Rgt supplied 9 AGRA's liaison representatives at these two divisional HQs. The bulk of the regiment moved to

1328:. The gunners then spent the next few days preparing gun positions. From 15 to 24 November, 1 and 2 Btys supported 11th Armd Division and 938:

in 1920–1, the Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Hvy Bty formed the basis of a new 2nd (Lowland) Medium Brigade, RGA, quickly renumbered as the

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in the Scottish Coastal Defences the following day. When the Lowland Division (numbered as the 52nd (Lowland) Division) embarked for the

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66th Medium Rgt moved to Eastern Command in December 1941 and gained a signal section and LAD. During this period, it trained alongside

1464:'s assault crossing of the River Ijssel and clearance of the enemy pocket at Arnhem. On the last day of this action 1 Bty supported the 521: 513: 381: 3054:

Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery, 26 December 1940, TNA files WO 212/4 and WO 33/2365.

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support that could be called down on fleeting targets. Once Rome had fallen in June, 6 AGRA was with XIII Corps in the pursuit to the

1304:) estuary, 2 and 6 Btys expending 800 rounds on CB tasks on 6 November alone. On 11 November, the regiment moved, establishing RHQ at 451: 443: 4141: 4126: 4107: 4058: 4043: 4009: 3990: 3933: 3918: 3903: 3884: 3856: 3837: 3766: 3744: 3729: 2744: 2291: 1838: 1723: 1329: 1141:

the BEF organised a scratch force of rear elements ('Polforce'), including 51st (L) Hvy Rgt, to defend the crossings. The bridge at

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to breach the Gothic Line in September 1944. When 78th Division came back into the line in October, taking over positions in the

1372: 1182: 1178: 639: 450:(RA); on 1 July 1889, the Volunteer artillery were regrouped into three large divisions, the 1st Edinburgh being assigned to the 385: 3557: 3176:

Order of Battle of the Forces in the United Kingdom, Part 2: 21 Army Group, 24 July 1943, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/238.

1146: 884:. By early October the Australians were taken out of the line for rest, handing their artillery including 93rd Bde over to the 415:

in February 1861 but no officers were commissioned into it until 10 July 1863. The 2nd Berwickshire AVC was disbanded in 1883.

273: 191: 96: 2323: 1231: 655:

including a shell store for 400 rounds. Throughout May and through most of June, the battery fired on German positions around

4193: 2262: 1751: 1648: 1526: 1360: 1336:(AOP) aircraft. On 28 and 29 November, 4 and 6 Btys carried out small CB programmes, but 1 and 2 Btys were now out of range. 746:

Heavy Artillery on 8 June, being assigned to 35th HAG from 18 June, then 22nd HAG from 9 July, and then moved to 45th HAG in

506: 137: 2280: 1411:. The fire tasks were completed and 4 Bty reverted to regimental control by 23 January. The regiment moved to 'harbour' at 1391: 994:(The Leith and Dunbar Drill Halls had previously belonged to the 7th Battalion, Royal Scots.) The CO (Lt-Col J.B. Cameron, 4227: 1510: 1317: 4217: 1530: 1499: 1355:. During late December the corps was diverted south to strengthen the northern side of the 'Bulge' formed by the German 1201: 942:. It consisted of one battery derived from the Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Hvy Bty, the others being converted from the 915:, the campaign continued as a pursuit until the Armistice, in which the heavy artillery could only play a limited part. 747: 261: 196: 1494:

in southern England. At the beginning of the war, medium batteries were equipped with eight World War I 60-pounders or

436: 418: 1557: 1465: 1461: 995: 912: 793: 781: 773: 743: 711: 701: 603: 568: 249: 168: 1909:

Ellis and Farndale state that the three howitzer batteries of a heavy regiment were equipped with either 9.2-inch or

535: 531: 366: 1395: 1197: 1087:(three batteries), both of World War I vintage. In November 1939, the newly converted regiment deployed to join the 788:. After the German offensive was held, the Allies went over to the attack themselves during the summer of 1918 (the 729:

The battery rejoined 8th HAG on 13 January 1917. This group supported VII Corps in its attack at the opening of the

1768: 1364: 1352: 1193: 943: 907:' Reserve. The heavy batteries were well forward so that they could shell the Germans' lines of retreat across the 817: 667: 635: 3953: 376:

Once the unit reached full size, a retired professional officer, William M.G.M. Wellwood (formerly Captain in the

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supported by 6 AGRA and 66th (L) Medium Rgt made sustained but unsuccessful attempts to take the hilltop town of

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In May 1916, the 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was sent to join the BEF, disembarking at Le Havre on 30 May. It joined

592: 455: 245: 147: 1635:, the AGRAs were decentralised across the wide front, with medium regiments assigned to individual divisions. 17: 4207: 2795: 3040: 1611: 1430:), 51st (L) Hvy Rgt (less one 155mm battery) reverted to 4 AGRA, which was assigned to XXX Corps to support 869: 850: 769: 550: 1556:

After Sicily had been secured, Eighth Army moved to the invasion of mainland Italy, with 6 AGRA supporting

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The Berwickshire AVCs should not be confused with the 1st Berwick-on-Tweed AVC, which was attached to the

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The battery and ammunition column completed mobilisation on 14 August and moved out to its war station at

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History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940

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and the gunners of 51st (L) Hvy Rgt acting as infantry, equipped with nothing more than rifles and a few

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in undress, with a different badge for each battery. Most of the battery badges were a variation on the

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on 15 February. 'Veritable' ground on until 10 March, but succeeded in clearing the ground west of the

911:. 93rd Brigade was part of the massive artillery support for IX Corps' attack on 23 October. After the 470:. In 1907, the unit's detachment won the King's Prize at the National Artillery Association meeting at 458:(RGA), and when the divisional structure was abolished on 1 January 1902 the Edinburgh unit became the 3591: 349:

Stables Road, and then 28 York Place), Edinburgh, and it used the Argyle Battery (12-pounder guns) at

3825: 1834: 1333: 1208: 1084: 1080: 1010:. In 1924, the RGA was subsumed into the RA, and in 1938 RA brigades were redesignated as regiments. 841:

parent unit, 2/1st Lowland Hvy Bty in 39th HAG fired in support of VII Corps in the Arras offensive (

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in February 1903, and position batteries were officially referred to as 'heavy' batteries from 1902.

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History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941

3862: 1596: 1588: 1423: 1379: 1356: 1313: 1279: 1263: 1248: 797: 765:, 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was in 81st HAG, which became 81st Mixed Brigade, RGA, on 1 February 1918. 680: 643: 627: 4115:

History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East

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History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East

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History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East

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History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East

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History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom

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After the Arras offensive, the 1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was rested from 15 to 30 May. It then joined

622: 3793: 1871: 1565: 1162: 689: 587:

in May and June 1915, its heavy battery remained training in Scotland. It moved from Stirling to

584: 289: 2144: 1251:). After the breakout from the Normandy beachhead, I Corps was tasked with clearing the port of 4150:, London: War Office, 7 November 1927 (RA sections also summarised in Litchfield, Appendix IV). 304:

on 4 November 1859. Its members were mainly artists, and the first commanding officer (CO) was

4176: 4158: 4137: 4122: 4103: 4084: 4069: 4054: 4039: 4021: 4005: 3986: 3929: 3914: 3899: 3880: 3852: 3833: 3807: 3777: 3762: 3740: 3725: 2525: 2389: 1923: 1884: 1790: 1569: 1561: 1454: 1427: 1271: 1256: 483: 354: 309: 241: 217: 127: 1662:

When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, the 51st Heavy Rgt reformed at Edinburgh as

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of 1908, the personnel of the Edinburgh City Artillery was distributed to several new units:

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The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and the Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944

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When the Coast Artillery branch of the RA was abolished in 1956, 357th Medium Rgt absorbed

1110:. It was largely in position by 15 May and subject to German probing attacks. However, the 926: 549:, based at McDonald Road, Edinburgh, with its own ammunition column. It formed part of the 384:

on 13 September 1860. He was succeeded by Thomas Bell on 4 April 1864, and then in turn by

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A Lack of Offensive Spirit? The 46th (North Midland) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916

3891: 1295: 813: 487: 447: 293: 233: 92: 4237: 2390:'Allocation of Heavy Batteries RGA', The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 95/5494/2. 466:

still attached. By the early 20th Century the unit carried out its gun practice from the

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was declared on 8 May. The regiment was placed in suspended animation on 10 April 1946.

3963: 3717:, Germany: BAOR, 1947/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 2021, ISBN 978-1-78331-813-1. 3646:"Livingston based, 278 (Lowland) Battery Royal Artillery Flag Raising – RA Association" 1755: 1619: 1615: 1592: 1580: 1435: 1003: 647: 81: 977:

227th (Haddingtonshire) Medium Bty (Howitzers) at Drill Hall, Dalmeny Street, Leith –

4255: 1816: 1383: 1294:. From 5 to 8 November, the regiment was engaged in CB and HF tasks around the Maas ( 1243:. On 8 and 9 July, the guns of 4 AGRA were part of the massive artillery support for 1212: 1142: 1024: 755: 611: 370: 3873:

History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West

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51st (Lowland) Heavy Rgt landed in Normandy with 4 AGRA in June 1944, shortly after

792:). By now, British attacks were supported by massive artillery concentrations. When 1867: 1809: 1412: 1122: 1107: 957:

225th (City of Edinburgh) Medium Bty at Drill Hall, 124 McDonald Road, Edinburgh –

265: 175: 4228:

Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth – Regiments.org (archive site)

3851:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1947/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1993, 3670: 3724:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, 803:

When the BEF demobilised in 1919, the battery was placed in suspended animation.

3867:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1954/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004. 1783:

used the arms of Edinburgh above a scroll inscribed 'EDINBURGH CITY ARTILLERY'.

1632: 1576: 1267: 1047: 947: 903:), II US Corps was about to be withdrawn for rest, and 93rd Bde was assigned to 893: 377: 253: 163: 3739:

London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007,

1780: 1772: 1626:. During four days of preparation for 2nd New Zealand Division to assault the 1408: 1283: 1270:. At the end of October, 51st (L) Hvy Rgt was detached from 4 AGRA to support 1227:

7.2-inch howitzer of 51st (Lowland) Heavy Regiment in France, 2 September 1944

1138: 1095: 718: 428: 408: 3804:

Hobart's 79th Armoured Division at War: Invention, Innovation and Inspiration

4066:

Pro Patria Mori: The 56th (1st London) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916

1747: 1735: 1275: 1117: 467: 403:

s were attached to the Edinburgh City Artillery. The 1st had been raised at

313: 301: 237: 151: 3879:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, 983:

228th (Peeblesshire and Midlothian) Medium Bty (Howitzers) at High Street,

316:

as lieutenant. By October 1860, the unit had a strength of nine batteries:

1386:. The regiment was split up, with the 7.2-inch howitzers of 1 Bty west of 610:

in France on 16 February. Two days later, it joined XVII Brigade, RGA, at

1900:

By November 1944, the regiment's batteries were designated 1, 2, 4 and 6.

1643: 1623: 1325: 1252: 1154: 1129:

and threatened the BEF's flank, so on 16 May it began to withdraw to the

1126: 751: 626:

Ammunition limbers gallop past a battery of British 4.7 inch guns on the

607: 591:

on 25 October, then on 26 January 1916 it moved south to the RA depot at

580: 404: 4202: 4157:, London: John Murray, 1921/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, 4036:

The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)

717:

The obsolescent 4.7-inch guns were progressively replaced in the BEF by

4148:

Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army

3830:

History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916

1604: 1542: 1403: 1387: 1348: 1305: 1158: 1130: 671: 656: 362: 240:

in 1859. It was the parent unit for a number of batteries in the later

27:

Military unit of Britain's Volunteer Force, later its Territorial Force

4051:

The Volunteer Artillery 1859–1908 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)

3913:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, 3845:

History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918

1631:

Germans broke contact and retreated. In the subsequent advance to the

1282:). It returned to 4 AGRA in I Corps on 4 November and deployed around 1627: 1443: 1207:

By now, the RA's heavy regiments were equipped with two batteries of

1134: 1112: 984: 908: 4155:

The Fifty Sixth Division, 1st London Territorial Division, 1914–1918

1888: 1259:), again supported by 4 AGRA engaged in counter-battery (CB) fire. 530:

who had served in Left Half, 1st Heavy Battery, transferred to the

3950:, Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X. 1779:. The badge on the grenade-shape busby plume holder and officers' 1638:

6 AGRA continued with XIII Corps when that formation fought under

1522: 1447: 1338: 1321: 1300: 1287: 1240: 1230: 1222: 968: 925: 855: 833: 700: 621: 588: 417: 358: 4212: 4121:, London: HMSO, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, 4102:, London: HMSO, 1973/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, 4004:, London: HMSO, 1988/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, 4002:

Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I|I: November 1944 to May 1945

3985:, London: HMSO, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, 3943:, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-007-3. 3896:

History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Western Front 1914–18

1922:

A heavy regiment was only issued with 53 pistols, 205 rifles, 10

1529:, formed in May 1943 at Almaza. Shortly afterwards it came under 4119:

Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I: 1st April to 4th June 1944

3752:

Riflemen Form: A Study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908

1789:

In 1958 the sword and full-dress pouch that had belonged to Sir

1705:

278th (Lowland) Field Regiment (The City of Edinburgh Artillery)

1378:

Once the Ardennes crisis was passed, Second Army began planning

1290:, directing harassing fire (HF) against German movements on the 1091:

in France under Lt-Col D. McDowell, who had been CO since 1936.

1036:

Regimental HQ, 225 and 226 (City of Edinburgh) Btys at Edinburgh

471: 3715:

British Army of the Rhine Battlefield Tour: Operation Veritable

1654:

The regiment passed into suspended animation on 21 March 1946.

3843:

Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds & Lt-Col R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

388:, on 6 December 1866. Baillie remained in command until 1884. 1185:

in March 1941 and gained a Light Aid Detachment (LAD) of the

918:

When the BEF demobilised in 1919, the battery was disbanded.

545:

Subsequently, the Lowland (City of Edinburgh) RGA became the

312:) Noel Paton, the illustrator and sculptor, with the painter 1398:, supporting 7th Armd Division, while 4 Bty was attached to 880:

The advance continued in a succession of bounds through the

454:. In 1899, the artillery Volunteers were transferred to the 3983:

Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I|: June to October 1944

1699:

while the rest of 357th Light Rgt was amalgamated with the

1579:. 66th (L) Medium Rgt with 6 AGRA supported V Corps in the 1498:. From 1941, however, these were progressively replaced by 3774:

Monty's Men: The British Army and the Liberation of Europe

3614:"Summary of Reserve Structure and Basing Changes, page 5" 4232: 4173:

Borrowed Soldiers: Americans under British Command, 1918

1771:

was worn in full dress up to 1908, and a round peakless

1106:

and advanced into Belgium to take up defences along the

3832:, Vol I, London: Macmillan,1932/Woking: Shearer, 1986, 1812:, appointed 2 December 1896 (went to Forth RGA in 1908) 1688:

with the former coast artillery forming R (Clyde) Bty.

1359:, and by early January 1945, 51st (L) Hvy Rgt was with 714:, which was no longer involved in the Somme Offensive. 1695:

was abolished. R (Clyde) Bty was amalgamated into the

512:

The 1st (City of Edinburgh) Battery was formed in the

256:. It later formed a heavy regiment that served in the 726:(newly arrived in France and immediately broken up). 3849:

26th September–11th November, The Advance to Victory

1442:

over succeeding days, shifting its position to near

963:

226th (City of Edinburgh) Medium Bty (Howitzers) at

750:

from 28 August. At the time, Fourth Army was on the

4020:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. 2745:

Scottish Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files.

1887:on 24 June 1916; its other sections were posted to 1583:. For three days from 29 November, the guns helped 1575:By November, the Allies had advanced to the German 1262:By now, I Corps was operating under the command of 634:48th Heavy Artillery Group was assigned to support 211: 206: 157: 143: 133: 122: 110: 102: 87: 69: 59: 34: 4175:, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, 4272:Military units and formations established in 1859 3956:Records of the Scottish Volunteer Force 1859–1908 3541: 3539: 3496: 3494: 3492: 2526:'Allocation of HA Groups', TNA file WO 95/5494/1. 1664:357th (Lothians) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery 754:Coast waiting to exploit a breakthrough from the 422:16-pounder RML gun manned by Artillery Volunteers 1746:, and shortly thereafter formed a detachment in 780:81st Brigade was transferred from Third Army to 4223:The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 (archive site) 3898:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1986, 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 1831:Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine 807:2/1st Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Heavy Battery 575:1/1st Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Heavy Battery 482:When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new 442:From 1 April 1882, the unit formed part of the 353:for drill. It carried out firing practice at a 276:. Its successor units continued in the postwar 2477:, pp. 258–67, 345, 364-8, 373–6, 385, 392–405. 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1052:228 (Peeblesshire and Midlothian) Bty at Leith 547:Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Heavy Battery, RGA 298:1st Edinburgh (City) Artillery Volunteer Corps 18:51st (Lowland) Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery 4262:Artillery Volunteer Corps of the British Army 4018:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945 3948:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978 3941:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978 3819:The Development of the British Army 1899–1914 3761:, London: Frederick Muller, 1968/Star, 1981, 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 1750:completing the lineage link. As part of the 1551:3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) 1161:from which the BEF was preparing evacuation ( 1151:98th (Surrey & Sussex Yeomanry) Field Rgt 268:, while a spin-off medium regiment fought in 8: 2399: 2397: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2231:Lothians at Great War Centenary Drill Halls. 1864:1st Newcastle-upon-Tyne Artillery Volunteers 1718:(TAVR) on 2 April 1967, 278th Fd Rgt became 1347:On 1 December, the regiment moved back into 892:, in which the Americans advanced up to the 4238:Royal Artillery Units Netherlands 1944–1945 4068:, 2nd Edn, West Wickham: Iona Books, 2008, 3088: 3086: 2335: 2333: 2331: 1926:and 17 anti-tank rifles, for about 700 men. 1691:The TA was reorganised on 1 May 1961 after 1415:1–3 February except 2 Bty, which was under 662:48th Heavy Artillery Group's main role was 598:1/1st Lowland Hvy Bty was sent to join the 4267:Military units and formations in Edinburgh 3788:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 3553: 3551: 3146: 3144: 3142: 2310: 2308: 2276: 2274: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1533:, which at that time was planning for the 1343:RA gunners load a US 155mm 'Long Tom' gun. 1235:7.2-inch howitzer firing, 2 September 1944 1023:When the TA was doubled in size after the 868:93rd Brigade moved to Fourth Army for the 48: 3693: 3691: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3050: 3048: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2258: 2256: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 1187:Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers 784:on 1 May, and remained with it until the 509:, a coast defence unit based at Edinburgh 37:Lowland (City of Edinburgh) Heavy Battery 3558:266–288 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on. 3459:Jackson, Vol VI, Pt II, pp. 5, 76–9, 90. 3394: 3392: 3390: 3023: 3021: 2903: 2901: 2887: 2885: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2754: 2752: 2659:Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 354–7. 2597:Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 381–3. 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2226: 2224: 1367:in the southern Netherlands, supporting 1102:, and the BEF followed the pre-arranged 1066:. It had A, B, C and D Heavy Batteries. 899:By the time of the Battle of the Selle ( 865:the Spring Offensive and Great Retreat. 497:Some personnel merged with parts of the 3776:, London: Yale University Press, 2013, 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2069: 1938: 1855: 860:A 60-pounder gun being moved up in 1918 666:to destroy the German artillery facing 4049:Norman Litchfield & Ray Westlake, 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 1716:Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve 1610:After the long winter stalemate round 1027:of 1938, the regiment split into two: 705:RGA manhandling a 60-pounder gun, 1917 541:1st Berwickshire RGA (V) was disbanded 31: 3798:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957. 2641:Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, p. 188. 1417:68th (4th West Lancashire) Medium Rgt 1046:RHQ and 227 (Haddingtonshire) Bty at 934:When the TF was reconstituted as the 433:16-pounder rifled muzzle-loading guns 380:), was appointed CO with the rank of 7: 4053:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1982, 4038:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, 3671:"Regimental Family – RA Association" 2043:Litchfield & Westlake, pp. 62–5. 1754:, the battery was equipped with the 1100:German invasion of the Low Countries 344:No 9 Battery, raised 16 October 1860 326:No 3 Battery, raised 28 January 1860 323:No 2 Battery, raised 10 January 1860 320:No 1 Battery, raised 4 November 1859 3806:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2011, 3136:Buckley, p. 41 & fn 60, p. 309. 1963:Litchfield & Westlake, pp. 1–4. 1883:201st Heavy Bty had been formed at 1002:) and senior major (E.G. Thompson, 832:Heavy Artillery in Third Army near 772:on 21 March 1918 against Third and 642:in the forthcoming 'Big Push' (the 494:The Lowland (City of Edinburgh) RGA 341:No 8 Battery, raised 13 August 1860 244:, including heavy batteries of the 4083:, West Wickham: Iona Books, 2008, 3477:Jackson, Vol VI, Pt II, pp. 390–1. 1870:being in Scotland but the town of 1308:, with 1 and 2 Btys (7.2-inch) on 940:57th (Lowland) Medium Brigade, RGA 520:, the rest of which came from the 332:No 5 Battery, raised 24 March 1860 232:was a part-time unit of Britain's 25: 4218:Orders of Battle at Patriot Files 3588:"Lowland Rgt RA at Regiments.org" 2117:Litchfield and Westlake, pp. 3–6. 2090:Litchfield & Westlake, p. 32. 1724:Lowland Regiment, Royal Artillery 1714:When the TA was reduced into the 1286:, with a section of 7.2s west of 872:on 8 August 1918, supporting the 595:to prepare for overseas service. 329:No 4 Battery, raised 6 March 1860 4208:Great War Centenary Drill Halls. 3486:Jackson, Vol VI, Pt III, p. 223. 1891:and 151st (Darlington) Hvy Btys. 1200:, formed in May 1943 as part of 1145:was held for three days against 690:No 8 Squadron Royal Flying Corps 640:Attack on the Gommecourt Salient 407:on 6 April 1860, and the 2nd at 386:Sir William Baillie, 2nd Baronet 338:No 7 Battery, raised 6 June 1860 335:No 6 Battery, raised 23 May 1860 91: 74: 43:357th (Lothians) Medium Regiment 4203:British Army units from 1945 on 3926:British Army Handbook 1939–1945 3468:Jackson, Vol VI, Pt II, p. 263. 3450:Molony, Vol VI, Pt I, pp. 67–8. 2292:RGA (TF) at Regimental Warpath. 1826:, Bt, appointed 1 February 1922 1726:, which was disbanded in 1975. 1697:277th (Highland) Field Regiment 1682:416th (Clyde) (Mixed) Coast Rgt 954:HQ at 6 Wemyss Place, Edinburgh 930:Dalmeny Street drill hall today 532:Edinburgh University contingent 4134:The Army and Society 1815–1914 2108:Litchfield and Westlake, p. 6. 1819:(from 8th Royal Scots in 1921) 1752:105th Regiment Royal Artillery 1701:278th (Lowland) Field Regiment 1686:357th (Lowland) Light Regiment 1649:Spring 1945 offensive in Italy 1480:66th (Lowland) Medium Regiment 796:attacked on 24 October at the 646:). The battery was ordered to 534:of the Senior Division of the 138:105th Regiment Royal Artillery 54:City of Edinburgh RGA Uniforms 41:66th (Lowland) Medium Regiment 1: 3958:, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1909. 2826:51 Hvy Rgt at RA Netherlands. 2723:Frederick, pp. 723, 734, 737. 1810:Sir Lewis McIver, 1st Baronet 1720:Q (City of Edinburgh) Battery 1070:51st (Lowland) Heavy Regiment 1064:51st (Lowland) Heavy Regiment 262:campaign in North West Europe 39:51st (Lowland) Heavy Regiment 3432:Molony, Vol V, pp. 234, 238. 1266:advancing into the southern 460:1st Edinburgh (City) RGA (V) 3441:Molony, Vol V, pp. 489–500. 2324:65 Div at Long, Long Trail. 2281:52 Div at Long, Long Trail. 1560:, tasked with crossing the 1466:Independent Belgian Brigade 1462:49th (West Riding) Division 1089:British Expeditionary Force 768:The German Army opened its 600:British Expeditionary Force 437:4.7-inch breechloading guns 369:' range at Hunter's Bog in 4288: 4136:, London: Longmans, 1980, 3400:"66 Med Rgt at RA 1939–45" 2796:"51 Hvy Rgt at RA 1939–45" 2464:Edmonds, pp. 462–4, 471–3. 1845:, appointed to 357 Med Rgt 1419:supporting the Canadians. 1316:, 4 and 6 Btys (155mm) on 1194:Army Group Royal Artillery 965:Drill Hall, Dalmeny Street 946:and 8th Battalions of the 668:56th (1st London) Division 4245:The Territorial Army 1947 4233:Royal Artillery 1939–1945 3996:Gen Sir William Jackson, 3909:Gen Sir Martin Farndale, 3423:Molony, Vol V, pp. 104–5. 3375:, Vol II, pp. 285–8, 297. 2490:, pp. 426–7, 432, 519–20. 1673:P (City of Edinburgh) Bty 1535:Allied invasion of Sicily 1375:with CB and HF missions. 1032:57th (Lowland) Medium Rgt 47: 4034:Norman E.H. Litchfield, 3970:, London: Collins, 1960. 3928:, Stroud: Sutton, 1998, 3821:, London: Methuen, 1938. 3790:100th Edn, London, 1953. 2250:Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 111–4. 2158:Frederick, pp. 678, 684. 1801:The following served as 1601:2nd New Zealand Division 1432:51st (Highland) Division 1373:52nd (Lowland) Divisions 1330:15th (Scottish) Division 959:from Lowland Hy Bty, RGA 536:Officers' Training Corps 464:1st Berwickshire RGA (V) 456:Royal Garrison Artillery 378:2nd Bengal Light Cavalry 367:Queen's Edinburgh Rifles 246:Royal Garrison Artillery 230:Edinburgh City Artillery 35:Edinburgh City Artillery 4016:Joslen, H. F. (2003) . 3954:Maj-Gen J.M. Grierson, 3509:Litchfield, Appendix 5. 2733:Titles and Designations 2703:Frederick, pp. 299–300. 2314:Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 64–5. 2218:Frederick, pp. 696–701. 1981:Beckett, Appendix VIII. 1651:(Operation Grapeshot). 1125:had broken through the 989:from 8th Bn Royal Scots 979:from 8th Bn Royal Scots 973:from 6th Bn Royal Scots 851:Battle of Passchendaele 288:The enthusiasm for the 4196:The British Army, 1914 4153:Maj C.H. Dudley Ward, 3877:The Battle of Normandy 3041:Collier, Chapter VIII. 2200:Litchfield, pp. 295–8. 1777:Royal Arms of Scotland 1738:, on 5 November 2014, 1426:(the clearance of the 1400:43rd (Wessex) Division 1344: 1310:11th Armoured Division 1299: 1236: 1228: 1175:Royal Corps of Signals 931: 882:Hundred Days Offensive 861: 790:Hundred Days Offensive 786:Armistice with Germany 706: 631: 423: 4169:Mitchell A. Yockelson 3675:www.thegunners.org.uk 3650:www.thegunners.org.uk 3413:6 AGRA at RA 1939–45. 3193:4 AGRA at RA 1939-45. 3154:, Vol I, Appendix IV. 2976:, pp. 60, 74, Map 16. 2778:Frederick, pp. 556–7. 2650:Yockelson, pp. 193–8. 2619:Blaxland, pp. 167–71. 2017:Grierson, pp. 128–30. 1762:Uniforms and insignia 1740:278 (Lowland) Battery 1547:Durham Light Infantry 1545:, by 6th and 9th Bns 1474:Victory in Europe Day 1342: 1234: 1226: 1213:155mm 'Long Tom' guns 929: 859: 704: 625: 518:Royal Field Artillery 507:Forth & Clyde RGA 421: 365:practice it used the 296:in time of need. The 218:Sir Joseph Noel Paton 4213:The Long, Long Trail 4113:Brig C.J.C. Molony, 3817:Col John K. Dunlop, 3384:Horrocks, pp. 257–8. 3335:Horrocks, pp. 250–1. 3326:Horrocks, pp. 248–9. 3317:, Vol II, pp. 255–7. 2455:Ward, pp. 34 and 45. 1589:8th Indian Divisions 1581:Battle of the Sangro 1525:the regiment joined 1504:5.5-inch medium guns 1453:The Rhine crossing ( 1334:air observation post 1094:On 10 May 1940, the 913:Battle of the Sambre 664:Counter-battery fire 569:2nd Lowland Division 528:Edinburgh University 503:1st Renfrewshire RGA 400:2nd Berwickshire AVC 4094:Brig C.J.C. Molony, 3594:on 27 December 2005 3577:Litchfield, p. 294. 3568:Frederick, p. 1043. 3545:Frederick, p. 1000. 3533:Litchfield, p. 307. 3500:Frederick, p. 1007. 3373:Victory in the West 3362:Buckley, pp. 283–5. 3344:Buckley, pp. 272–7. 3315:Victory in the West 3304:Buckley, pp. 270–2. 3293:Operation Veritable 3280:Victory in the West 3269:Buckley, pp. 260–1. 3258:Victory in the West 3245:Victory in the West 3234:Doherty, pp. 104–1. 3216:, Vol I, pp. 311–5. 3214:Victory in the West 3152:Victory in the West 3015:Farndale, pp. 95–6. 3003:France and Flanders 2988:France and Flanders 2947:France and Flanders 2932:France and Flanders 2858:France and Flanders 2302:Becke, Pt 2b, p. 6. 2135:Spiers, Chapter 10. 2126:Dunlop, Chapter 14. 2099:Beckett, pp. 178–9. 1954:Grierson, pp. 1–12. 1622:and the advance on 1597:Moro River Campaign 1537:(Operation Husky). 1440:32nd Guards Brigade 1424:Operation Veritable 1380:Operation Blackcock 1280:Operation Infatuate 1264:First Canadian Army 1249:Operation Charnwood 1211:and two of US-made 1177:section had joined 1147:1st Panzer Division 798:Battle of the Selle 644:Battle of the Somme 514:1st Lowland Brigade 468:Inchkeith Batteries 248:that fought on the 4132:Edward M. Spiers, 3946:J.B.M. Frederick, 3939:J.B.M. Frederick, 3871:Major L.F. Ellis, 3863:Major L.F. Ellis, 3757:Gregory Blaxland, 3750:Ian F.W. Beckett, 2681:Yockelson, p. 209. 1995:Frederick, p. 656. 1972:Spiers, pp. 163–8. 1924:Light machine guns 1872:Berwick-upon-Tweed 1591:to break into the 1566:Reggio di Calabria 1357:Ardennes Offensive 1345: 1237: 1229: 1209:7.2-inch howitzers 1085:9.2-inch howitzers 1060:2nd Heavy Regiment 932: 862: 707: 632: 606:, disembarking at 585:Gallipoli Campaign 522:1st Midlothian RGA 424: 382:Lieutenant-Colonel 300:was raised around 290:Volunteer movement 114:Garrison Artillery 4181:978-0-8061-5349-0 4163:978-1-84342-111-5 4089:978-0-9558119-0-6 4074:978-0-9558119-1-3 4027:978-1-84342-474-1 3812:978-1-84884-398-1 3802:Richard Doherty, 3782:978-0-300-13449-0 3626:on 10 August 2013 3282:, Vol II, p. 190. 2841:Forty, pp. 222–6. 2549:Ward, pp. 117–31. 1874:being in England. 1797:Honorary Colonels 1791:Joseph Noel Paton 1570:Operation Baytown 1562:Strait of Messina 1549:and the tanks of 1455:Operation Plunder 1428:Klever Reichswald 1320:'s front between 1312:'s front east of 1274:in its attack on 1272:II Canadian Corps 1257:Operation Astonia 1255:on 10 September ( 1219:North West Europe 890:Battle of Cambrai 758:that never came. 484:Territorial Force 478:Territorial Force 452:Southern Division 444:Scottish Division 280:until the 1960s. 242:Territorial Force 223: 222: 197:North West Europe 16:(Redirected from 4279: 4188:External sources 4079:Alan MacDonald, 4064:Alan MacDonald, 4031: 3826:James E. Edmonds 3701: 3695: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3625: 3619:. Archived from 3618: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3590:. Archived from 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3555: 3546: 3543: 3534: 3531: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3396: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3353:Buckley, p. 278. 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3289: 3283: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3247:, Vol II, p. 14. 3241: 3235: 3232: 3226: 3225:Buckley, p. 193. 3223: 3217: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3190: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3148: 3137: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3105: 3102: 3093: 3090: 3081: 3078: 3067: 3064: 3055: 3052: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3016: 3013: 3007: 2998: 2992: 2983: 2977: 2970: 2964: 2957: 2951: 2942: 2936: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2905: 2896: 2889: 2880: 2873: 2862: 2853: 2842: 2839: 2828: 2823: 2800: 2799: 2792: 2779: 2776: 2763: 2756: 2747: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2704: 2701: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2582: 2576: 2569: 2563: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2523: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2488:Offensive Spirit 2484: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2433:, Vol I, p. 460. 2427: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2392: 2387: 2362: 2355: 2344: 2341:Offensive Spirit 2337: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2289: 2283: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2248: 2233: 2228: 2219: 2216: 2201: 2198: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2077: 2076:, various dates. 2071: 2044: 2041: 2018: 2015: 1996: 1993: 1982: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1927: 1920: 1914: 1911:8-inch howitzers 1907: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1881: 1875: 1866:, the county of 1860: 1824:Reginald Wingate 1803:Honorary Colonel 1693:National Service 1568:on 3 September ( 1517:Sicily and Italy 1496:6-inch howitzers 1292:Moerdijk bridges 1247:attack on Caen ( 1163:Operation Dynamo 1075:Battle of France 1008:Scottish Command 936:Territorial Army 874:Australian Corps 870:Battle of Amiens 770:Spring Offensive 551:Lowland Division 411:appeared in the 351:Edinburgh Castle 278:Territorial Army 258:Battle of France 182:Battle of France 144:Current Garrison 118:Medium Artillery 95: 80: 78: 77: 52: 32: 21: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4243:Graham Watson, 4190: 4028: 4015: 3975:William Jackson 3892:Martin Farndale 3794:Basil Collier, 3735:Maj A.F. Becke, 3720:Maj A.F. Becke, 3709: 3704: 3696: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3286: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260:, Vol II, p. 6. 3255: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3207: 3203:Joslen, p. 463. 3202: 3198: 3191: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3165:Years of Defeat 3162: 3158: 3149: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3108: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3084: 3079: 3070: 3065: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3029:Years of Defeat 3026: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3005:, Chapter VIII. 2999: 2995: 2984: 2980: 2974:Years of Defeat 2971: 2967: 2961:Years of Defeat 2958: 2954: 2943: 2939: 2928: 2924: 2920:Joslen, p. 462. 2919: 2915: 2909:Years of Defeat 2906: 2899: 2893:Years of Defeat 2890: 2883: 2877:Years of Defeat 2874: 2865: 2854: 2845: 2840: 2831: 2824: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2782: 2777: 2766: 2760:Years of Defeat 2757: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2707: 2702: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2579: 2570: 2566: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2485: 2481: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2395: 2388: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2290: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2261: 2254: 2249: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2204: 2199: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2080: 2072: 2047: 2042: 2021: 2016: 1999: 1994: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1921: 1917: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1882: 1878: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1799: 1764: 1734:As a result of 1732: 1676:Q (Lothian) Bty 1660: 1564:to land around 1519: 1487: 1482: 1392:13th Medium Rgt 1221: 1183:Eastern Command 1179:Western Command 1171: 1098:ended with the 1077: 1072: 1042:66th Medium Rgt 1021: 1016: 924: 826: 814:Bridge of Allan 809: 740: 731:Battle of Arras 699: 620: 577: 564: 559: 488:Haldane Reforms 486:(TF) under the 480: 448:Royal Artillery 391:From 1864, the 294:Royal Artillery 286: 234:Volunteer Force 226: 213: 117: 116:Heavy Artillery 115: 106:Artillery Corps 97:Volunteer Force 75: 73: 64: 55: 42: 40: 38: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4285: 4283: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4198:(archive site) 4189: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4166: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4111: 4092: 4077: 4062: 4047: 4032: 4026: 4013: 3994: 3971: 3964:Brian Horrocks 3960: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3924:George Forty, 3922: 3907: 3888: 3869: 3860: 3841: 3822: 3815: 3800: 3791: 3785: 3772:John Buckley, 3770: 3755: 3748: 3733: 3718: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3687: 3662: 3637: 3605: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3547: 3535: 3526: 3511: 3502: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3405: 3386: 3377: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3306: 3297: 3284: 3271: 3262: 3249: 3236: 3227: 3218: 3205: 3196: 3178: 3169: 3156: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3068: 3056: 3044: 3033: 3017: 3008: 2993: 2990:, Chapter VII. 2978: 2965: 2952: 2937: 2934:, Chapter III. 2922: 2913: 2897: 2881: 2863: 2843: 2829: 2801: 2780: 2764: 2748: 2737: 2725: 2705: 2683: 2674: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2621: 2612: 2599: 2590: 2577: 2564: 2551: 2542: 2529: 2501: 2492: 2479: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2435: 2422: 2409: 2393: 2363: 2345: 2327: 2316: 2304: 2295: 2284: 2270: 2252: 2234: 2220: 2202: 2160: 2151: 2148:20 March 1908. 2146:London Gazette 2137: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2092: 2078: 2045: 2019: 1997: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1915: 1902: 1893: 1876: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1827: 1820: 1813: 1798: 1795: 1763: 1760: 1756:L118 light gun 1742:was formed in 1731: 1728: 1722:in a combined 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1659: 1656: 1620:Trasimene Line 1616:fighter-bomber 1593:Bernhardt Line 1521:On arrival in 1518: 1515: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1436:Brian Horrocks 1220: 1217: 1170: 1167: 1149:by one gun of 1083:(one Bty) and 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 992: 991: 981: 975: 961: 955: 923: 920: 825: 822: 808: 805: 739: 736: 698: 695: 648:Berles-au-Bois 619: 616: 576: 573: 563: 560: 558: 555: 543: 542: 539: 524: 510: 499:1st Argyll RGA 495: 479: 476: 346: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 308:Joseph (later 285: 282: 236:raised around 224: 221: 220: 215: 209: 208: 204: 203: 202: 201: 200: 199: 194: 189: 184: 173: 172: 171: 159: 155: 154: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 124: 120: 119: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 89: 85: 84: 82:United Kingdom 71: 67: 66: 65:2014 – present 61: 57: 56: 53: 45: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4284: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4194:Mark Conrad, 4192: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4142:0-582-48565-7 4139: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4127:1-845740-70-X 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108:1-845740-69-6 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4059:0-9508205-0-4 4056: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4044:0-9508205-2-0 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4011: 4010:1-845740-72-6 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3991:1-845740-71-8 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3934:0-7509-1403-3 3931: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919:1-85753-080-2 3916: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3904:1-870114-00-0 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3885:1-845740-58-0 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3857:1-870423-06-2 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3839: 3838:0-946998-02-7 3835: 3831: 3827: 3824:Brig-Gen Sir 3823: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3767:0-352-30833-8 3764: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3745:1-847347-39-8 3742: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3730:1-847347-39-8 3727: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3295:, Appendix A. 3294: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3004: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2949:, Chapter IV. 2948: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2860:, Appendix I. 2859: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2672:, pp. 307–12. 2671: 2670:Western Front 2665: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630:Western Front 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2608:Western Front 2603: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2586:Western Front 2581: 2578: 2574: 2573:Western Front 2568: 2565: 2562:, pp. 265–71. 2561: 2560:Western Front 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2540:, pp. 164–82. 2539: 2538:Western Front 2533: 2530: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2444:Western Front 2439: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2405:Western Front 2400: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2343:, pp. 199–20. 2342: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889:1/1st Lowland 1886: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1817:Lord Polwarth 1814: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1805:of the unit: 1804: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1640:Fifth US Army 1636: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612:Monte Cassino 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Roer Triangle 1382:to clear the 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1233: 1225: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143:Saint-Momelin 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1025:Munich Crisis 1018: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 990: 986: 982: 980: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 960: 956: 953: 952: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 928: 921: 919: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 878: 875: 871: 866: 858: 854: 852: 846: 844: 838: 835: 831: 824:Western Front 823: 821: 819: 815: 806: 804: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 775: 771: 766: 764: 759: 757: 756:Ypres Salient 753: 749: 745: 737: 735: 732: 727: 725: 724:201st Hvy Bty 720: 715: 713: 703: 696: 694: 691: 686: 685:No man's land 682: 676: 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 629: 624: 617: 615: 613: 609: 605: 604:Western Front 602:(BEF) on the 601: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 574: 572: 570: 561: 556: 554: 552: 548: 540: 537: 533: 529: 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493: 492: 491: 489: 485: 477: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 420: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 401: 396: 395: 389: 387: 383: 379: 374: 372: 371:Holyrood Park 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