456:
348:
nonetheless died soon afterwards from their injuries. It was reported that many inhabitants remained buried under rubble for up to 30 days but were able to survive. There were even reports of babies being born in the rubble and surviving along with their mothers. Another reported miracle was that on the third day after the earthquake the Holy Cross appeared in the clouds above the northern district of the city, leading those who saw it to weep and pray for an hour. The sophist
Procopius of Gaza wrote among his works a
32:
442:
282:
470:
39:
301:. Only houses built close to the mountain were said to have survived. Most of the damage however, was a result of the fires that went on for many days in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, made worse by the wind. The fire was described as so intense that there was a literal rain of fire, leaving the city of Antioch entirely desolate.
367:. He entered the church without these symbols of his rank and publicly lamented the destruction of Antioch. He arranged for ambassadors to be sent to the city with sufficient money for both immediate relief and to start Antioch's reconstruction. The rebuilding of the Great Church and many other buildings was overseen by
326:
The effects of the earthquake were further exacerbated by the ensuing lawlessness that was a result of the breakdown of the local government and necessary services. Many of the survivors gathered their families and belongings and fled the ruins of the city; however, many of these people were set upon
347:
that describes the impact of the earthquake. After the fires subsided a frantic rescue effort was undertaken by those who remained to free those trapped in the rubble. Many were trapped under rubble because so many buildings in the city collapsed due to the earthquake. Many of those who were rescued
318:
Estimates of the death toll for this earthquake vary between 250,000 and 300,000, with 250,000 being the most commonly reported. It has been suggested that the very high number of casualties was a result of there being a large number of visitors in the city from the surrounding countryside, there to
429:
also hunted down and prosecuted individuals who had rioted, and had robbed and murdered the innocent during the chaos that followed the earthquake and breakdown of the local government. Many of the guilty were sentenced to death while other were severely punished. The punishments disregarded the
394:
co-emperor. Justinian immediately made considerable efforts to increase the aid sent to
Antioch for its reconstruction, with specific emphasis on the rebuilding of Christian holy sites. He built a Church of
189:. It occurred some time in late May 526, probably between 20 and 29 May, during mid-morning, killing approximately 250,000 people. This was in the seventh year of the reign of the Byzantine emperor
201:. In Antioch the earthquake was followed by a fire that destroyed most of the buildings left standing after the earthquake. The maximum intensity in Antioch is estimated to have been between VIII (
241:
and the
Arabian Plate, and the northeastern end of the Cyprus Arc, the boundary between the Anatolian and African Plates. The city lies on the Antakya Basin, part of the Amik Basin, filled by
315:
In the port of
Seleucia Pieria an uplift of 0.7–0.8 metres (2 ft 4 in – 2 ft 7 in) has been estimated, and the subsequent silting up of the harbour left it unusable.
421:
also funded efforts to repair the civil services of the city. Under his leadership the hospice was repaired, in addition to baths and cisterns, allowing for a return of the inhabitants to
940:
665:. Byzantina Australiensia. Translated by Elizabeth Jeffreys, Michael Jeffreys and Roger Scott. Melbourne: Australian Association of Byzantine Studies. 1986. pp. 230–244.
538:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972).
1310:
738:
Erol, O. & Pirazzoli, P.A. 2007. Seleucia Pieria: an ancient harbour submitted to two successive uplifts. International
Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 21, 317–327.
1534:
2039:
1898:
1818:
1773:
933:
1803:
1303:
513:
31:
1823:
2064:
1129:
808:
722:
670:
1717:
1843:
1627:
1527:
1160:
926:
2054:
2044:
1296:
2013:
1501:
862:
752:
Meier, M. (2007). "Natural
Disasters in the Chronographia of John Malalas : Reflections on their Function --An Initial Sketch".
737:
493:
1572:
1319:
1015:
845:
503:
150:
138:
1993:
1953:
1928:
1798:
1793:
2049:
1813:
1808:
1491:
568:
1637:
1617:
1520:
949:
508:
408:
1783:
1592:
1577:
1543:
1496:
1430:
1384:
1262:
1165:
1113:
1093:
1057:
498:
304:
The Great Church was destroyed by the fire seven days after the earthquake. Amongst the many victims was
Euphrasius, the
88:
1712:
1170:
1988:
1958:
415:. Additionally, she arranged for the construction of the basilica of Anatolius, with columns sent from Constantinople.
1379:
1221:
1878:
1833:
1828:
1697:
1062:
2003:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1763:
1737:
1727:
1481:
1450:
1267:
1103:
687:
1998:
1948:
1888:
1873:
1838:
1722:
1677:
1667:
1455:
1445:
1389:
1201:
609:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."
266:
2069:
2059:
1983:
1918:
1848:
1788:
1753:
1707:
1647:
1067:
1031:
973:
404:
327:
by other victims or inhabitants that lived outside the city who robbed and murdered them for their belongings.
210:
71:
2008:
1938:
1933:
1144:
539:
1913:
1903:
1868:
1702:
1672:
1652:
1612:
1602:
1476:
1435:
1374:
1272:
1231:
1211:
1196:
1180:
1139:
1108:
461:
411:
also aided in the rebuilding of the city. She commissioned the building of a church honouring the archangel
1858:
1768:
1732:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1562:
1557:
1440:
1394:
1369:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1241:
1216:
1206:
1175:
1134:
1088:
1036:
989:
963:
761:
483:
384:
320:
258:
1943:
1923:
1883:
1863:
1853:
1778:
1692:
1687:
1662:
1657:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1353:
1098:
835:
396:
294:
290:
198:
400:
569:"Online catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy 461 BC to 1997 and Mediterranean area 760 BC to 1500"
1968:
1908:
1893:
1758:
1682:
1567:
1486:
1460:
1399:
1041:
999:
994:
968:
766:
488:
305:
234:
1277:
1246:
1236:
1226:
412:
383:
Patriarch of
Antioch. Many of the buildings erected after the earthquake were destroyed by another
608:
441:
889:
831:
779:
368:
222:
841:
804:
718:
666:
658:
221:
The site of
Antioch lies close to the complex triple junction between the northern end of the
717:. Translated texts for historians. Vol. 22. Liverpool University Press. pp. 46–47.
712:
249:
sediments. The area has been affected by many large earthquakes during the last 2,000 years.
881:
771:
543:
186:
123:
897:
270:
238:
374:
356:
344:
178:
2028:
893:
783:
475:
298:
230:
226:
572:
363:
reportedly reacted to the news of the earthquake by removing his diadem and crimson
2034:
380:
340:
289:
The earthquake caused severe damage to many of the buildings in Antioch, including
281:
265:. Intensity estimates on the Mercalli scale are: VIII–IX for Antioch; VII for both
194:
798:
447:
426:
418:
391:
775:
390:
In the eighth year and ninth month of his reign, Justin I appointed his nephew
437:
262:
918:
885:
103:
90:
1288:
360:
309:
246:
242:
190:
1512:
686:Çaktı, E.; Bikçe M.; Özel O.; Geneş C.; Kaçın S. & Kaya Y. (2011).
422:
364:
182:
547:
349:
837:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume II, AD 395–527
280:
308:, who died after falling into a cauldron of pitch being used by
1516:
1292:
922:
257:
The estimated magnitude for the earthquake is 7.0 on the
714:
Chronicle: known also as the Chronicle of Zuqnin, Part 3
542:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
840:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 395.
607:
Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh, R. & Mouty, M. (2005).
800:
Languages and Cultures of Eastern Christianity: Greek
1746:
1550:
1469:
1423:
1362:
1326:
1255:
1189:
1153:
1122:
1076:
1050:
1024:
1008:
982:
956:
863:"The Syriac life of John of Tella and the frontier
163:
130:
119:
82:
66:
58:
50:
399:across from the building known as the basilica of
379:, whose efforts saw him replace Euphrasius as the
407:, was erected in the same area. Justinian's wife
312:makers, with only his head remaining unburnt.
38:
1528:
1304:
934:
8:
688:"Antakya Basin Strong Ground Motion Network"
663:The Chronicle of John Malalas, A Translation
387:, although there were far fewer casualties.
269:, a suburb of Antioch, and the port town of
237:, the mainly transform boundary between the
225:, the mainly transform boundary between the
21:
16:Earthquake striking Syria and Antioch in 526
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
372:
1535:
1521:
1513:
1311:
1297:
1289:
941:
927:
919:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
430:factional allegiances of the individuals.
20:
797:Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald (15 May 2017).
765:
659:"Book 17: the Time of the Emperor Justin"
540:"Comments for the Significant Earthquake"
72:
747:
745:
525:
514:List of natural disasters by death toll
261:scale. It was followed by 18 months of
533:
531:
529:
7:
2040:Earthquakes in the Byzantine Empire
343:, a native of Antioch, is the main
14:
874:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
504:List of earthquakes in the Levant
285:Map of Antioch in the 6th century
468:
454:
440:
403:. Another church, the Church of
385:major earthquake in November 528
181:and, in particular, the city of
37:
30:
131:
509:List of historical earthquakes
233:, the southwestern end of the
54:Probably between 20–29 May 526
1:
499:List of earthquakes in Turkey
494:2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
2065:520s in the Byzantine Empire
2014:2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş
1819:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
754:The Medieval History Journal
297:, built on an island in the
2088:
1774:1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands
1130:602 Surb Karapet Monastery
950:1st-millennium earthquakes
776:10.1177/097194580701000209
293:'s great octagonal church
2055:History of Hatay Province
2045:Earthquakes in the Levant
1320:Earthquakes in the Levant
1242:893 Ardabil (false event)
26:
1161:735 Vayots Dzor Province
886:10.31826/hug-2011-120110
405:Saints Cosmas and Damian
211:Mercalli intensity scale
2050:6th-century earthquakes
711:Witakowski, W. (1996).
462:Byzantine Empire portal
193:and occurred under the
1899:1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye
1349:528 Antioch earthquake
1344:526 Antioch earthquake
1334:115 Antioch earthquake
1016:262 Southwest Anatolia
861:Andrade, N.J. (2009).
484:115 Antioch earthquake
373:
286:
259:surface wave magnitude
175:526 Antioch earthquake
22:526 Antioch earthquake
1804:1943 Adapazarı–Hendek
1544:Earthquakes in Turkey
1354:551 Beirut earthquake
397:Mary, mother of Jesus
291:Constantine the Great
284:
1492:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
969:Lost body hypothesis
903:on 27 September 2011
616:Annals of Geophysics
489:1872 Amik earthquake
306:Patriarch of Antioch
235:East Anatolian Fault
1638:1668 North Anatolia
1618:1509 Constantinople
832:Martindale, John R.
100: /
23:
1718:1899 Aydın–Denizli
1593:557 Constantinople
1578:447 Constantinople
1497:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
1385:1033 Jordan Valley
1166:740 Constantinople
1114:557 Constantinople
1094:542 Sea of Marmara
1058:447 Constantinople
575:on 7 February 2015
287:
223:Dead Sea Transform
2022:
2021:
1929:1998 Adana–Ceyhan
1844:1953 Yenice–Gönen
1799:1942 Niksar–Erbaa
1628:1598 Amasya–Çorum
1510:
1509:
1502:2023 Turkey–Syria
1286:
1285:
1171:743 Caspian Gates
810:978-1-351-92323-1
724:978-0-85323-760-0
672:978-90-04-34460-0
335:The contemporary
171:
170:
2077:
1954:2004 Doğubayazıt
1824:1946 Varto–Hınıs
1814:1944 Bolu–Gerede
1809:1943 Tosya–Ladik
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1380:859 Syrian coast
1313:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1222:859 Syrian coast
943:
936:
929:
920:
913:
912:
910:
908:
902:
896:. Archived from
871:
858:
852:
851:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
794:
788:
787:
769:
767:10.1.1.1025.7374
760:(1–2): 237–266.
749:
740:
735:
729:
728:
708:
702:
701:
699:
697:
692:
683:
677:
676:
655:
632:
631:
629:
627:
613:
604:
585:
584:
582:
580:
571:. Archived from
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
548:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
535:
478:
473:
472:
471:
464:
459:
458:
457:
450:
445:
444:
378:
217:Tectonic setting
187:Byzantine Empire
167:250,000–300,000+
159:
157:
147:
145:
133:
124:Byzantine Empire
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
77:
41:
40:
34:
24:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2070:Byzantine Syria
2060:Ancient Antioch
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2004:2020 Aegean Sea
1979:2017 Aegean Sea
1974:2014 Aegean Sea
1742:
1573:262 SW Anatolia
1546:
1541:
1511:
1506:
1482:1955 Alexandria
1465:
1419:
1358:
1322:
1317:
1287:
1282:
1268:957 Caspian Sea
1251:
1185:
1149:
1118:
1104:551 Malian Gulf
1072:
1046:
1020:
1004:
978:
952:
947:
917:
916:
906:
904:
900:
869:
860:
859:
855:
848:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
811:
796:
795:
791:
751:
750:
743:
736:
732:
725:
710:
709:
705:
695:
693:
690:
685:
684:
680:
673:
657:
656:
635:
625:
623:
611:
606:
605:
588:
578:
576:
567:
566:
562:
552:
550:
537:
536:
527:
522:
474:
469:
467:
460:
455:
453:
446:
439:
436:
352:on the event.
333:
279:
271:Seleucia Pieria
255:
239:Anatolian Plate
219:
151:
149:
139:
137:
108:
106:
104:36.23°N 36.12°E
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
76:
59:Local time
51:Local date
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:1952 Hasankale
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:1941 Van–Erciş
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:1903 Manzikert
1720:
1715:
1713:1898 Balıkesir
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:1856 Heraklion
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1456:1856 Heraklion
1453:
1448:
1446:1834 Jerusalem
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:1759 Near East
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:1068 Near East
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:803 Mopsuestia
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
986:
984:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
966:
960:
958:
954:
953:
948:
946:
945:
938:
931:
923:
915:
914:
880:(2): 199–234.
853:
846:
834:, ed. (1980).
823:
809:
789:
741:
730:
723:
703:
678:
671:
633:
586:
560:
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
479:
465:
451:
435:
432:
375:comes Orientis
357:Constantinople
345:primary source
332:
329:
278:
275:
254:
251:
218:
215:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
135:
128:
127:
121:
120:Areas affected
117:
116:
84:
80:
79:
74:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
36:
35:
29:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:2019 Istanbul
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:1992 Erzincan
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:1969 AlaĹźehir
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:1951 KurĹźunlu
1832:
1830:
1829:1949 Karlıova
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:1939 Erzincan
1787:
1785:
1784:1938 Kırşehir
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:1924 Pasinler
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
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1964:2011 KĂĽtahya
1914:1986 Malatya
1904:1983 Erzurum
1869:1967 Mudurnu
1849:1957 Fethiye
1764:1929 SuĹźehri
1747:Contemporary
1738:1919 Ayvalık
1728:1912 MĂĽrefte
1703:1893 Malatya
1683:1872 Antioch
1673:1859 Erzurum
1653:1766 Marmara
1613:1269 Cilicia
1603:847 Damascus
1582:
1477:1927 Jericho
1470:Contemporary
1451:1837 Galilee
1436:1796 Latakia
1375:847 Damascus
1343:
1273:991 Damascus
1263:906 K'argop'
1256:10th-century
1212:847 Damascus
1197:801 Apennine
1181:779 Gyeongju
1140:679 Tsukushi
1109:554 Anatolia
1083:
907:22 September
905:. Retrieved
898:the original
877:
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799:
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696:22 September
694:. Retrieved
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626:22 September
624:. Retrieved
622:(3): 347–435
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573:the original
563:
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425:. Moreover,
417:
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381:Chalcedonian
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341:John Malalas
336:
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174:
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141:
126:(now Turkey)
109:36.23; 36.12
18:
1999:2020 Bingöl
1989:2020 Elazığ
1959:2010 Elazığ
1949:2003 Bingöl
1889:1971 Bingöl
1874:1968 Bartın
1859:1964 Manyas
1769:1930 Salmas
1733:1914 Burdur
1678:1866 Bingöl
1643:1688 Smyrna
1633:1653 Smyrna
1623:1513 Marash
1608:1114 Marash
1598:840 Erzurum
1588:528 Antioch
1583:526 Antioch
1563:115 Antioch
1558:AD 17 Lydia
1441:1822 Aleppo
1424:Ottoman era
1395:1138 Aleppo
1370:749 Galilee
1363:Middle ages
1339:363 Galilee
1327:Classic era
1217:856 Damghan
1207:840 Erzurum
1190:9th-century
1176:749 Galilee
1154:8th-century
1135:632 Armenia
1123:7th-century
1089:528 Antioch
1084:526 Antioch
1077:6th-century
1051:5th-century
1037:363 Galilee
1025:4th-century
1009:3th-century
990:115 Antioch
983:2th-century
964:AD 17 Lydia
957:1th-century
448:Asia portal
427:Justinian I
419:Justinian I
392:Justinian I
295:Domus Aurea
263:aftershocks
107: /
62:Mid-morning
2029:Categories
2009:2022 DĂĽzce
1944:2002 Afyon
1939:1999 DĂĽzce
1934:1999 Ä°zmit
1924:1995 Dinar
1884:1970 Gediz
1864:1966 Varto
1854:1957 Abant
1779:1935 Digor
1698:1883 Çeşme
1693:1881 Chios
1688:1875 Dinar
1663:1855 Bursa
1658:1840 Ahora
1551:Historical
1415:1344 Syria
1410:1202 Syria
1405:1170 Syria
1145:684 HakuhĹŤ
1099:551 Beirut
579:7 February
520:References
359:, Emperor
319:celebrate
253:Earthquake
245:to recent
205:) and IX (
195:consulship
164:Casualties
140:MMI VIII (
1909:1983 Biga
1894:1975 Lice
1759:1926 Kars
1568:141 Lycia
1487:1956 Chim
1461:1872 Amik
1400:1157 Hama
1232:869 JĹŤgan
1042:365 Crete
1000:141 Lycia
995:139 Mcurn
894:166809374
816:7 January
784:162788360
762:CiteSeerX
337:Chronicle
331:Aftermath
209:) on the
134:intensity
83:Epicenter
67:Magnitude
1994:2020 Van
1969:2011 Van
1278:995 Balu
1247:893 Dvin
1237:881 Acre
1227:863 Dvin
865:Politeia
553:29 March
434:See also
409:Theodora
361:Justin I
310:wineskin
247:alluvial
243:Pliocene
229:and the
199:Olybrius
191:Justin I
152:MMI IX (
423:Antioch
413:Michael
401:Rufinus
369:Ephraim
365:chlamys
207:Violent
185:in the
183:Antioch
177:struck
154:Violent
95:36°07′E
92:36°14′N
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371:, the
350:monody
277:Damage
267:Daphne
203:Severe
142:Severe
901:(PDF)
890:S2CID
870:(PDF)
780:S2CID
691:(PDF)
612:(PDF)
179:Syria
909:2011
842:ISBN
818:2024
805:ISBN
719:ISBN
698:2011
667:ISBN
628:2011
581:2015
555:2022
173:The
132:Max.
70:7.0
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