512:(AFIWC) on 10 September 1993. The new center served as the Air Force’s center for information superiority. It explored, applied, and migrated offensive and defensive information warfare capabilities for operations, acquisition, and testing. The center also provided advanced information warfare training for the Air Force and continued its support of warfighters in contingencies and exercises through quantitative analysis, modeling and simulation, and database and technical expertise in communications and computer security. In March 1997, the Air Force established the Information Warfare Battlelab as a directorate in AFIWC.
540:(AFIOC). AFIOC focused on both the innovation and integration of information operations and on creating information operations capabilities to meet requirements for missions in air, space, and cyberspace. Additionally, it performed information operations analysis for combat operations, targeting, and acquisition programs. In addition to exploring, demonstrating, and exercising information operations capabilities, the center tested weapons, developed tactics, trained forces, and assessed information operations vulnerabilities of units and systems for both offensive and defensive counter-information missions.
178:
1424:
support of air, sea, and land forces with information necessary to defend the peace. The star symbolizes the Wing’s joint nature to provide combat effective information to all sources in any application of force. The five points of the star denote the primary functions of the Wing to provide combat support, databases, analyses, securities, and acquisition and testing support. The lightning bolts stand for the unit’s history of work in the electromagnetic spectrum and the Wing’s mission to control and protect during contingencies and war.
166:
874:
856:
838:
820:
800:
2266:
58:
40:
1188:
154:
1290:
1256:
1222:
450:(NSA) wanted to centralize communications intelligence and cryptological functions under a single organizational umbrella. It opposed the Air Force’s plan to use the center as an autonomous communications intelligence processing center. NSA described AFSCC as “an unwarranted duplicative processing facility.” Those arguments gradually gained traction and by 1966, NSA quietly began transferring functions from AFSCC to
2842:
1154:
1324:
1092:
1074:
1056:
1038:
1020:
1002:
984:
966:
948:
930:
912:
892:
2007:
443:
units. Fourth, it assisted the USAFSS Deputy Chief of Staff for
Operations with developing and testing operational procedures and techniques in support of both the command's mission and Air Force intelligence efforts. Finally, it directed and monitored operation of the Special Security Office system.
535:
The inclusion of cyberspace as a separate warfighting domain in the Air Force mission statement unveiled in
December 2005 prompted military leaders to rethink and broaden the information warfare concept, resulting in a new emphasis on information operations. This emphasis translated into yet another
490:
systems of potential adversaries. Additionally, AFEWC analyzed defense suppression techniques for Air Force assets. By the middle of the 1980s, it was the primary source of electronic warfare and command, control, and communications countermeasures analysis and advice for the Air Force. The center
442:
The center's original mission focused on five key areas. First, it produced and disseminated long-term intelligence data for USAFSS and the Air Force. Second, it oversaw the USAFSS School for intelligence specialists. Third, it provided technical guidance and operational assistance to USAFSS field
1423:
of the fourth . Significance: Ultramarine blue and Air Force yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The globe represents the Wing’s commitment to worldwide
1437:
Significance: The Air Force colors, ultramarine blue and golden yellow, are used in the design. The color blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations, and the yellow to the sun and excellence of personnel in assigned tasks. The globe represents world-wide effort. The colors
503:
Air Force successes in exploiting enemy information systems during
Operation Desert Storm persuaded senior military leaders that electronic warfare capabilities could combine with the strategies and tactics of command and control warfare to enable operations across the entire information spectrum.
461:
efforts using signals intelligence inputs. In March 1967, it commenced production of electronic warfare evaluations known as Comfy Coat reports, which initially focused on intelligence requirements in
Southeast Asia. The reports gradually expanded in scope as electronic warfare gained prominence
491:
employed computers with high-speed microprocessors, to provide senior battle commanders with analytical reports on the use of electronic warfare in exercise and real-world scenarios. These contributions eventually played a crucial role in the effective use of electronic warfare during
575:
was a multi-disciplined organization capable of delivering information operations and engineering installation capabilities integrated across the air, space, and cyberspace domains in support of the joint warfighting team. On 13 September 2013, the wing was redesignated the
1438:
green and blue refer to the air, land, and sea. The plane, ground-based radar, and ship allude to the all-service operation. The antenna reflects the communications effort. The lightning bolt represents the electronic environment in which the center operates.
2231:
2011:
2687:
591:, Illinois and the follow-on activation of its full complement of five cyberspace operations squadrons, the wing stood at three groups, fifteen squadrons, four detachments, and one operating location. In June 2018, the
2204:
2611:
2214:
2209:
2872:
2253:
2236:
2521:
2509:
2219:
2248:
2388:
2538:
2606:
2299:
2340:
2545:
1955:
2533:
2196:
2179:
254:
198:
2626:
2129:
2697:
2325:
2243:
2184:
504:
The resulting emphasis on information warfare prompted the Air Force on 10 September 1993 to integrate the technical expertise from the
Securities Directorate of the
2867:
2654:
2226:
1600:
1447:
Although still assigned to Air
Intelligence Agency, the center had been part of Air Combat Command (ACC) since 1 February 2001, when the agency was assigned to ACC.
205:. It produced long term intelligence information and developed intelligence gathering techniques. Losing its communications intelligence functions, it focused on
2792:
2631:
2589:
2584:
2162:
2579:
2304:
2174:
2504:
241:
delivers information operations and engineering infrastructure for air, space, and cyberspace military operations. It supports national, joint and Air Force
727:
38th
Engineering Installation Group (later 38th Cyberspace Engineering Group, 38th Cyberspace Engineering and Installation Group): 3 February 2000 – present
619:
2669:
2571:
2528:
2152:
1774:
897:
114:
2821:
2730:
2664:
2649:
2274:
2157:
690:
428:
420:
2707:
2621:
2616:
1825:
1894:
1636:
2725:
2516:
2189:
2692:
2122:
2816:
2373:
1909:
2811:
2777:
2734:
543:
In May 2007, after 54 years of being assigned to United States Air Force
Security Service and its successors, the center transferred to
319:
291:
495:
in the early 1990s. 10 May 1988: In May 1988, the Air Force added electronic combat testing and acquisition to the center's mission.
383:
2601:
2461:
2353:
524:
2644:
2036:
600:
592:
519:
on 1 October 1998. The following year, the squadron became the 39th
Information Operations Squadron. In 2000, it was assigned two
372:
358:
2826:
1932:
2845:
2787:
2738:
2320:
2115:
805:
486:(AFEWC) on 1 July 1975. The center focused on exploring new and state-of-the-art electronic warfare technologies to counter the
305:
298:
110:
2639:
2358:
2330:
1959:
615:
596:
271:
99:
2782:
2742:
520:
454:, Maryland. The effort concluded on 30 June 1969 when the center ceased processing communications intelligence altogether.
366:
2071:
2797:
2750:
759:
Air Force
Information Warfare Battlelab (later Air Force Information Operations Battlelab), 17 March 1997 – 1 October 2007
572:
505:
324:
238:
286:
2762:
2746:
1982:
1356:
599:
were assigned to the wing. Later that month, the 688th Cyberspace Operations Group was inactivated and replaced by the
2047:
1187:
584:
177:
694:
427:, Texas. These two organizations assumed the operational functions previously performed by the Deputy Chief of Staff,
527:
in August. With the assignment of the 318th Group, the 39th Information Operations Squadron was transferred to it.
2363:
516:
471:
1255:
165:
2756:
2368:
2289:
2169:
1289:
873:
855:
837:
819:
799:
2659:
2596:
1390:
447:
730:
318th Information Operations Group (later 318th Cyberspace Operations Group): 1 August 2000 – c. 29 June 2018
2023:
2772:
2702:
2491:
2138:
568:
560:
376:
190:
63:
1781:
1221:
614:
Today the wing has a staff of nearly 1,400 civil and military personnel, and based in the same location as
1164:
492:
350:
337:
457:
Following the loss of its communications intelligence mission, the center shifted its focus to analyzing
2025:
Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982
1266:
1153:
431:. One month later, these two organizations moved to Kelly Air Force Base, located on the other side of
424:
276:
746:
39th Intelligence Squadron (later 39th Information Operations Squadron), 1 October 1998 – 1 August 2000
1323:
2481:
2476:
2378:
1640:
1405:
1300:
1198:
604:
588:
508:
and intelligence skills from the Air Force Intelligence Command into the AFEWC, redesignating it the
451:
403:
2486:
2471:
2466:
1519:
706:
623:
608:
487:
242:
772:
Kelly Air Force Base (later Kelly Annex, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland), 1 August 1953 – present
2451:
2398:
2383:
2348:
2294:
544:
467:
463:
458:
222:
206:
89:
153:
2767:
2456:
2431:
2032:
482:
To recognize the center's role in electronic warfare, the Air Force redesignated AFSCC as the
396:
1871:
1601:"The 688th Cyberspace Wing activates the 692nd Cyberspace Operations Squadron to consolidate"
2549:
2436:
2421:
2411:
1551:
1393:
548:
257:, Texas, and subordinate units are located at the same location as their commanding group.
2446:
2441:
2426:
2416:
2406:
1401:
1232:
2861:
2806:
2802:
1775:"Networks and Organizations: How the Pentagon is Organizing its Cyber Warfare System"
1412:
536:
organizational change on 1 October 2006 when the Air Force redesignated AFIWC as the
45:
905:
Air Force Special Communications Center (later Air Force Electronic Warfare Center)
313:
309:
995:
Air Force Electronic Warfare Center (later Air Force Information Warfare Center)
2075:
1409:
432:
221:
in October 2006. In 2009, it was reassigned from the intelligence community to
213:. As its mission grew to include all elements of the spectrum, it became the
462:
within the Department of Defense and eventually included findings related to
1091:
1073:
1055:
1037:
1019:
1001:
983:
965:
947:
929:
911:
891:
2107:
622:. It is currently commanded by Colonel James Hewitt and is subordinate to
423:(USAFSS) organized the 6901st and 6902d Special Communications Centers at
697:, Air Force Intelligence Command, Air Intelligence Agency), 1 August 1953
762:
United States Air Force Security Service School, 8 August 1953 – unknown
2092:
1573:
1420:
1416:
607:. In October 2019, the wing returned to ACC when it was reassigned to
1397:
733:
688th Cyberspace Operations Group, 1 February 2015 – c. 29 June 2018
559:
On 18 August 2009, the Air Force reassigned the center from ACC to
1386:
2111:
523:, the 38th Engineering Installation Group in February, and the
2015:
580:, the first Air Force wing designated as a cyberspace wing.
2873:
Information operations wings of the United States Air Force
1895:"688th Cyberspace Wing conducts change of command ceremony"
1522:. Twenty-Fourth Air Force Public Affairs. 17 December 2013
1768:
1766:
749:
688th Operations Support Squadron, 29 June 2018 – present
2074:. United States Air Force Public Affairs. Archived from
1958:. Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber). Archived from
1460:. The Twenty-Fourth Air Force Fact Sheet says 1 August.
736:
690th Cyberspace Operations Group, 4 June 2018 – present
2254:
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
1826:"Factsheet Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber) ACC"
724:
5th Combat Communications Group, 4 June 2018 – present
2237:
House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
1910:"Biographies: Brigadier General Michelle L. Hayworth"
201:, Texas. It was first organized in July 1953 as the
1637:"Fact Sheet Air Force Information Operations Center"
2716:
2678:
2562:
2397:
2339:
2313:
2282:
2273:
2145:
172:
160:
148:
143:
135:
125:
120:
106:
95:
85:
77:
69:
51:
33:
25:
20:
2232:House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
2072:"Officials detail scope, units of AFCYBER command"
435:, Texas. A week later, they were replaced by the
255:Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland
199:Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland
1804:
1802:
1639:. Eighth Air Force Public Affairs. Archived from
1983:"About us Biography: Colonel Joshua H. Rockhill"
1741:
1739:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1697:
2031:. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History.
1866:
1864:
253:Unless otherwise indicated, units are based at
229:, assuming its current name in September 2013.
2048:"A Brief History of the 688th Cyberspace Wing"
583:With the activation on 1 December 2015 of the
331:38th Cyberspace Engineering Installation Group
173:Air Force Special Communications Center emblem
2123:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
8:
1819:
1817:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1872:"Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards"
620:Joint Information Operations Warfare Center
197:is a cyberspace operations unit located at
2279:
2130:
2116:
2108:
1113:
283:5th Combat Communications Support Squadron
161:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center emblem
1097:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
1079:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
1061:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
1043:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
1025:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
1007:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
989:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
971:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
953:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
935:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
917:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
898:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
115:Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
2095:. Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber)
1985:. Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber)
1935:. Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber)
813:Air Force Special Communications Center
780:
691:United States Air Force Security Service
531:Air Force Information Operations Center
429:United States Air Force Security Service
421:United States Air Force Security Service
349:85th Engineering Installation Squadron (
209:, and in July 1975 was redesignated the
1472:
1378:
703:Twenty-Fourth Air Force, 18 August 2009
664:Air Force Information Operations Center
637:Air Force Special Communications Center
538:Air Force Information Operations Center
437:Air Force Special Communications Center
416:Air Force Special Communications Center
219:Air Force Information Operations Center
203:Air Force Special Communications Center
2868:Military units and formations in Texas
2326:Operational Test and Evaluation Center
2190:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
2050:. 688th Cyberspace Wing History Office
1828:. Air Force Historical Research Agency
1605:Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber)
1599:Wiley De Moura, Nadine (19 May 2022).
1554:. Air Force Historical Research Agency
1419:of the like , all within a diminished
402:692nd Cyberspace Operations Squadron (
395:691st Cyberspace Operations Squadron (
382:690th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (
17:
1780:. Indigo Publications. Archived from
1660:
1658:
1103:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1085:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1067:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1049:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1031:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1013:Air Force Information Warfare Center
7:
2016:Air Force Historical Research Agency
1385:Approved 14 June 1994. Description:
977:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
959:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
941:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
923:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
657:Air Force Information Warfare Center
510:Air Force Information Warfare Center
506:Air Force Cryptologic Support Center
499:Air Force Information Warfare Center
215:Air Force Information Warfare Center
1550:Lacomia, John M. (14 August 2015).
650:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
484:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
478:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
389:690th Intelligence Support Squadron
320:33rd Cyberspace Operations Squadron
292:52nd Combat Communications Squadron
287:51st Combat Communications Squadron
211:Air Force Electronic Warfare Center
2827:Air & Space Forces Association
2244:Senate Committee on Armed Services
1520:"Factsheet, 688th Cyberspace Wing"
846:1 October 2013 – 30 September 2014
831:688th Information Operations Wing
635:Designated on 24 July 1953 as the
525:318th Information Operations Group
365:83rd Network Operations Squadron (
14:
1824:Musser, James (22 October 2019).
1415:, overall four lightning flashes
974:1 January 1990 – 31 December 1991
956:1 January 1988 – 31 December 1989
938:2 January 1979 – 31 December 1981
810:1 November 1965 – 1 November 1967
671:688th Information Operations Wing
601:567th Cyberspace Operations Group
593:690th Cyberspace Operations Group
585:688th Cyberspace Operations Group
565:688th Information Operations Wing
474:electronic warfare capabilities.
373:561st Network Operations Squadron
359:690th Cyberspace Operations Group
266:688th Operations Support Squadron
227:688th Information Operations Wing
2841:
2840:
2739:Division of Military Aeronautics
2264:
2163:Under Secretary of the Air Force
2010: This article incorporates
2005:
1322:
1288:
1254:
1220:
1186:
1152:
1090:
1072:
1054:
1036:
1018:
1000:
982:
964:
946:
928:
910:
890:
879:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
872:
861:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
854:
843:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
836:
825:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
818:
806:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
798:
563:(AFSPC) and redesignated it the
346:38th Operations Support Squadron
306:26th Network Operations Squadron
299:26th Cyberspace Operations Group
176:
164:
152:
111:Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
56:
38:
1552:"Factsheet 688 Cyberspace Wing"
902:1 January 1974 – 1 January 1976
828:18 August 2009 – 1 October 2010
616:United States Strategic Command
597:5th Combat Communications Group
338:Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland
272:5th Combat Communications Group
100:Joint Base Lackland-San Antonio
2650:Reserve Officer Training Corps
2607:Judge Advocate General's Corps
2249:Senate Subcommittee on Airland
2227:House Armed Services Committee
1117:
392:690th Network Support Squadron
384:Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam
1:
2798:Women Airforce Service Pilots
2046:No byline (13 January 2016).
325:68th Network Warfare Squadron
1933:"Colonel Steven J. Anderson"
1874:. Air Force Personnel Center
1357:List of cyber warfare forces
700:Eighth Air Force, 1 May 2007
603:, which was assigned to the
515:The center was assigned the
149:688th Cyberspace Wing emblem
2153:Department of the Air Force
2070:No byline (14 March 2008).
1931:No byline (December 2019).
1908:No byline (December 2020).
1773:Charles, B. (28 May 2008).
1244:~2 years, 24 days
1210:~1 year, 320 days
1176:~2 years, 15 days
709:, 11 October 2019 – present
695:Electronic Security Command
336:38th Contracting Squadron (
81:1388 military and civilians
2889:
2158:Secretary of the Air Force
1912:. Air Force Public Affairs
1344:~1 year, 63 days
643:Organized on 8 August 1953
517:39th Intelligence Squadron
217:in September 1993 and the
2835:
2500:
2262:
1956:"Colonel James V. Hewitt"
1278:2 years, 6 days
1124:
1121:
1116:
1100:1 June 2004 – 31 May 2006
1082:1 June 2003 – 31 May 2004
1064:1 June 2002 – 31 May 2003
1046:1 June 1997 – 31 May 1998
1028:1 June 1996 – 31 May 1997
1010:1 June 1994 – 31 May 1996
920:(2) Jan 1976 – 1 Jan 1979
882:1 June 2020 – 31 May 2021
864:1 June 2019 – 31 May 2020
367:Joint Base Langley-Eustis
343:38th Engineering Squadron
2660:Airman Leadership School
2462:Thirteenth Expeditionary
2300:Field Operating Agencies
2022:Mueller, Robert (1989).
1312:2 years, 1 day
992:1 May 1993 – 31 May 1994
567:. AFSPC assigned it to
448:National Security Agency
2645:Officer Training School
2139:United States Air Force
1981:No byline (June 2023).
1954:No byline (June 2023).
1574:"688th Cyberspace Wing"
569:Twenty-Fourth Air Force
561:Air Force Space Command
191:United States Air Force
131:Colonel Joshua Rockhill
64:United States Air Force
2688:Awards and decorations
2321:District of Washington
2314:Direct Reporting Units
2012:public domain material
885:688th Cyberspace Wing
867:688th Cyberspace Wing
849:688th Cyberspace Wing
493:Operation Desert Storm
139:Colonel Chantel Booker
136:Current Vice-Commander
2731:Aeronautical Division
678:688th Cyberspace Wing
578:688th Cyberspace Wing
425:Brooks Air Force Base
195:688th Cyberspace Wing
73:Cyberspace operations
21:688th Cyberspace Wing
2602:Aeronautical ratings
2201:Three-star generals
1199:Michelle L. Hayworth
1165:Michael Harasimowicz
680:on 13 September 2013
659:on 10 September 1993
605:67th Cyberspace Wing
589:Scott Air Force Base
452:Fort George G. Meade
2399:Numbered Air Forces
2180:Vice Chief of Staff
1578:Sixteenth Air Force
707:Sixteenth Air Force
624:Sixteenth Air Force
609:Sixteenth Air Force
555:From center to wing
488:command and control
2757:The U.S. Air Force
2670:Fitness Assessment
2627:Chief of Chaplains
2546:Civilian auxiliary
2295:Air National Guard
2197:Four-star generals
2078:on 11 October 2012
1962:on 17 October 2021
1846:Brief History, p.9
1787:on 21 January 2021
1334:Joshua H. Rockhill
1267:Steven J. Anderson
1110:List of commanders
545:Air Combat Command
459:electronic warfare
223:Air Combat Command
207:electronic warfare
90:Air Combat Command
2855:
2854:
2640:Air Force Academy
2558:
2557:
2185:Director of Staff
1373:Explanatory notes
1348:
1347:
1107:
1106:
673:on 18 August 2009
666:on 1 October 2006
547:(ACC) as part of
184:
183:
2880:
2844:
2843:
2743:Army Air Service
2735:Aviation Section
2550:Civil Air Patrol
2280:
2268:
2267:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2042:
2030:
2009:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:on 22 March 2008
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1547:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1400:surmounted by a
1383:
1326:
1292:
1258:
1224:
1190:
1156:
1119:
1114:
1094:
1076:
1058:
1040:
1022:
1004:
986:
968:
950:
932:
914:
894:
876:
858:
840:
822:
802:
781:
549:Eighth Air Force
180:
168:
156:
62:
60:
59:
44:
42:
41:
18:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2831:
2822:Service numbers
2793:National Museum
2751:Army Air Forces
2718:
2712:
2680:
2674:
2632:Chief Scientist
2622:Medical Service
2617:Security Forces
2564:
2554:
2539:Security Forces
2496:
2393:
2335:
2309:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2141:
2136:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2021:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1800:
1790:
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1744:
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1555:
1549:
1548:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1474:
1465:
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1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1406:color mentioned
1384:
1380:
1370:
1365:
1353:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1301:James V. Hewitt
1298:
1294:
1293:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1233:Eric P. DeLange
1230:
1226:
1225:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1112:
779:
769:
716:
687:
632:
557:
533:
501:
480:
418:
413:
251:
235:
225:and became the
187:
127:
113:
57:
55:
39:
37:
12:
11:
5:
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2819:
2814:
2809:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2768:Airman's Creed
2765:
2763:Air Force Band
2760:
2753:
2747:Army Air Corps
2728:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Basic Training
2652:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2634:
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2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:Specialty Code
2594:
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2574:
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2556:
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2394:
2392:
2391:
2389:USAFE–AFAFRICA
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2341:Major commands
2337:
2336:
2334:
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2323:
2317:
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2302:
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2277:
2271:
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2261:
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2257:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Chief of Staff
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2093:"Units: 688CW"
2088:
2065:
2064:External links
2062:
2061:
2060:
2043:
2037:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1973:
1946:
1923:
1900:
1886:
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1813:
1798:
1762:
1750:
1735:
1723:
1708:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1654:
1627:
1625:Mueller, p. 55
1618:
1607:. US Air Force
1591:
1580:. US Air Force
1565:
1533:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
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791:
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785:
784:Award streamer
778:
775:
774:
773:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
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743:
742:
738:
737:
734:
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715:
712:
711:
710:
704:
701:
698:
686:
683:
682:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
652:on 1 July 1975
645:
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639:
631:
628:
556:
553:
532:
529:
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417:
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355:
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353:, Mississippi)
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53:
49:
48:
35:
31:
30:
27:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2885:
2874:
2871:
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2863:
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2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
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2808:
2807:Air Force Two
2804:
2803:Air Force One
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
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2600:
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2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:Personnel and
2561:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
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2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2492:Twenty-Second
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
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2306:
2305:Installations
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2110:
2094:
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2068:
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2049:
2044:
2040:
2038:0-912799-53-6
2034:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:from the
2013:
2000:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:Brief History
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1827:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:Brief History
1805:
1803:
1799:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Brief History
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:Brief History
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:Brief History
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:Brief History
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Brief History
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:Brief History
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:Brief History
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:Brief History
1661:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1631:
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1622:
1619:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1579:
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1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1458:Brief History
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1426:Brief History
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1372:
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1128:
1115:
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1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
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991:
988:
985:
981:
980:
976:
973:
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967:
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962:
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952:
949:
945:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
893:
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870:
866:
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852:
848:
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839:
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834:
830:
827:
824:
821:
817:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
776:
771:
770:
766:
761:
758:
757:
753:
752:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
717:
713:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
679:
676:Redesignated
675:
672:
669:Redesignated
668:
665:
662:Redesignated
661:
658:
655:Redesignated
654:
651:
648:Redesignated
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
634:
633:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
554:
552:
550:
546:
541:
539:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
498:
496:
494:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
460:
455:
453:
449:
446:However, the
444:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
410:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
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364:
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361:
360:
352:
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326:
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318:
315:
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307:
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288:
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246:
244:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
186:Military unit
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
124:
119:
116:
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109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
54:
50:
47:
46:United States
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
16:
2839:
2817:Thunderbirds
2679:Uniforms and
2331:USAF Academy
2220:2020–present
2097:. Retrieved
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2052:. Retrieved
2024:
2004:
2001:Bibliography
1987:. Retrieved
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:the original
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1903:
1889:
1876:. Retrieved
1855:
1851:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1808:
1789:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1757:
1753:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1703:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1630:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1604:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1577:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1524:. Retrieved
1457:
1452:
1443:
1433:
1425:
1404:of the last
1396:, gridlined
1381:
1333:
1299:
1272:25 June 2019
1265:
1241:25 June 2019
1231:
1204:16 July 2015
1197:
1173:16 July 2015
1163:
1142:Term length
1139:Left office
1136:Took office
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
636:
613:
582:
577:
564:
558:
542:
537:
534:
514:
509:
502:
483:
481:
472:Marine Corps
456:
445:
441:
436:
419:
377:Peterson AFB
357:
356:
330:
329:
310:Gunter Annex
297:
296:
270:
269:
260:
259:
252:
249:Organization
236:
226:
218:
214:
210:
202:
194:
188:
86:Part of
29:1953–present
15:
2812:Honor Guard
2773:Core Values
2717:History and
2091:No byline.
1635:No byline.
1417:saltirewise
1338:3 July 2023
1309:3 July 2023
1306:1 July 2021
1275:1 July 2021
685:Assignments
433:San Antonio
397:Ramstein AB
379:, Colorado)
369:, Virginia)
351:Keesler AFB
314:Maxwell AFB
279:, Georgia)
107:Decorations
96:Garrison/HQ
2862:Categories
2719:traditions
2638:Training:
2482:Nineteenth
2477:Eighteenth
2146:Leadership
1858:, pp. 8, 9
1832:8 February
1691:, pp. 3, 7
1558:4 November
1526:4 November
1410:fimbriated
1389:, a globe
1363:References
1122:Commander
714:Components
406:, Florida)
399:, Germany)
316:, Alabama)
277:Robins AFB
261:Wing Staff
243:operations
121:Commanders
2698:Equipment
2681:equipment
2612:RED HORSE
2572:Personnel
2529:Squadrons
2487:Twentieth
2472:Sixteenth
2467:Fifteenth
2275:Structure
2215:2010–2019
2210:2000–2009
2205:1940–1959
2170:Air Staff
1679:, pp. 2-3
1468:Citations
1238:June 2017
1207:June 2017
1170:July 2013
1130:Portrait
741:Squadrons
439:(AFSCC).
404:Eglin AFB
386:, Hawaii)
128:commander
2846:Category
2788:Memorial
2708:Uniforms
2703:Aircraft
2590:enlisted
2580:officers
2565:training
2452:Eleventh
2283:Commands
1884:(search)
1584:12 April
1428:, p. 15.
1391:enhanced
1351:See also
767:Stations
340:, Texas)
144:Insignia
2726:History
2457:Twelfth
2432:Seventh
2290:Reserve
2099:17 July
2082:15 July
1989:15 July
1966:15 July
1939:15 July
1916:16 July
1878:17 July
1811:, p. 13
1791:16 July
1760:, p. 12
1647:10 July
1421:bordure
1341:present
1331:Colonel
1297:Colonel
1263:Colonel
1229:Colonel
1195:Colonel
1161:Colonel
693:(later
630:Lineage
411:History
233:Mission
126:Current
102:, Texas
34:Country
2783:Symbol
2693:Badges
2585:cadets
2517:Groups
2437:Eighth
2422:Fourth
2412:Second
2054:9 July
2035:
1748:, p. 8
1733:, p. 9
1721:, p. 7
1706:, p. 3
1667:, p. 2
1611:23 May
1402:mullet
1398:Argent
793:Notes
777:Awards
719:Groups
571:. The
521:groups
470:, and
61:
52:Branch
43:
26:Active
2576:Rank
2505:Wings
2447:Tenth
2442:Ninth
2427:Fifth
2417:Third
2407:First
2384:PACAF
2374:AFSOC
2359:AFGSC
2029:(PDF)
1785:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1394:Azure
1387:Gules
1368:Notes
1133:Name
1125:Term
790:Dates
787:Award
754:Other
2778:Flag
2665:SERE
2369:AFRC
2364:AFMC
2354:AETC
2101:2024
2084:2024
2056:2024
2033:ISBN
1991:2024
1968:2024
1941:2024
1918:2024
1880:2024
1834:2020
1793:2024
1649:2024
1613:2022
1586:2020
1560:2015
1528:2015
1456:per
595:and
573:wing
468:Navy
464:Army
239:wing
237:The
189:The
78:Size
70:Role
2534:ANG
2522:ANG
2510:ANG
2379:AMC
2349:ACC
1118:No.
618:'s
587:at
193:'s
2864::
2805:/
2749:/
2745:/
2741:/
2737:/
2733:/
2548::
1863:^
1816:^
1801:^
1765:^
1738:^
1711:^
1696:^
1657:^
1603:.
1576:.
1536:^
1475:^
1413:Or
1408:,
626:.
611:.
551:.
466:,
312:,
245:.
2759:"
2755:"
2131:e
2124:t
2117:v
2103:.
2086:.
2058:.
2041:.
1993:.
1970:.
1943:.
1920:.
1897:.
1882:.
1836:.
1795:.
1651:.
1615:.
1588:.
1562:.
1530:.
1317:6
1283:5
1249:4
1215:3
1181:2
1147:1
375:(
308:(
275:(
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