354:
294:
1618:
412:
Museum examples of 60-bit CDC machines exist. There also exists an emulator for the series which will simulate the CDC 60-bit machines on commodity hardware and operating systems.
590:
1729:
912:
287:
1431:
1588:
1154:
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2526:
934:
280:
227:
1583:
1655:
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1408:
216:
205:
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1476:
739:
583:
194:
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1503:
630:
1670:
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1471:
850:
821:
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941:
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902:
786:
267:
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1466:
709:
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576:
262:
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1205:
640:
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482:
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437:
534:
1660:
1508:
1342:
956:
917:
774:
556:
2097:
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1937:
1859:
1335:
1296:
951:
946:
880:
692:
247:
184:
26:
816:
1724:
1421:
1119:
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2021:
1438:
929:
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667:
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315:
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2418:
806:
362:
181:
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331:
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682:
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996:
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751:
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335:
308:
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1965:
1687:
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1056:
769:
625:
607:
146:
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2146:
2128:
2080:
1734:
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1374:
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1111:
1006:
865:
2521:
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2191:
2166:
1970:
1845:
1369:
1310:
1190:
922:
650:
339:
222:
211:
2300:
2267:
2183:
2115:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1927:
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1769:
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1635:
1268:
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1026:
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843:
759:
478:
466:
454:
433:
131:
126:
121:
2470:
2403:
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2151:
2105:
1912:
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1897:
1892:
1882:
1752:
1719:
1630:
1625:
1534:
1386:
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1364:
1352:
1291:
855:
833:
719:
697:
615:
401:
378:
323:
171:
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116:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
397:. Though the addressable unit was the 60-bit word, instructions were either 15 or 30 bits.
2384:
2369:
2317:
2221:
2196:
2033:
2026:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1806:
1714:
1704:
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1261:
1213:
976:
860:
828:
729:
724:
645:
347:
156:
46:
41:
36:
2495:
2329:
2312:
2305:
2201:
2058:
1795:
1709:
1640:
1223:
1185:
1134:
1129:
1124:
838:
662:
319:
2515:
2290:
2206:
1246:
1228:
1021:
714:
2500:
2438:
2254:
2231:
2043:
1764:
702:
497:
2285:
2249:
1960:
1932:
1790:
1645:
530:
343:
136:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2138:
2038:
2011:
1273:
1106:
1076:
796:
81:
2262:
2259:
2001:
1071:
1049:
404:
tentatively specified its word length as 60 bits; the final design used 64.
394:
200:
2277:
1149:
1096:
568:
390:
386:
353:
1086:
1044:
2389:
1101:
1066:
1031:
531:"Welcome to cray-cyber.org - home of Cray Research and CDC computer"
1559:
1091:
1061:
352:
2423:
1571:
1491:
1081:
572:
1011:
1001:
327:
475:
Computer
Architecture: Software Aspects, Coding, and Hardware
430:
463:
Essentials of
Computer Organization and Architecture
2453:
2402:
2338:
2276:
2230:
2182:
2137:
2057:
1984:
1953:
1858:
1779:
1743:
1697:
1597:
1523:
1457:
1407:
1318:
1309:
1282:
1237:
1204:
1176:
1167:
987:
890:
879:
750:
606:
361:A 60-bit word is typically used for high-precision
338:(ALU) architectures are those that are based on
525:
523:
584:
492:
490:
288:
8:
1589:Computer performance by orders of magnitude
377:The only widely-used computers with 60-bit
2054:
1694:
1315:
1173:
887:
591:
577:
569:
295:
281:
17:
451:Concise Encyclopedia of Computer Science
555:Werner Buchholz, "Memory Word Length",
421:
243:
180:
145:
25:
20:
537:from the original on 28 February 2019
508:from the original on 28 February 2019
7:
1560:Floating-point operations per second
357:60-bit CDC 6600 introduced in 1964
14:
2527:Control Data Corporation hardware
559:, July 31, 1956, archived at the
2486:Semiconductor device fabrication
21:Computer architecture bit widths
2461:History of general-purpose CPUs
688:Nondeterministic Turing machine
400:Early design documents for the
641:Deterministic finite automaton
1:
1432:Simultaneous and heterogenous
326:units are those that are 60
2116:Integrated memory controller
2098:Translation lookaside buffer
1297:Memory dependence prediction
740:Random-access stored program
693:Probabilistic Turing machine
1572:Synaptic updates per second
461:; Linda Null, Julia Lobur,
395:CDC Cyber 70 and 170 series
363:floating-point calculations
2543:
1976:Heterogeneous architecture
898:Orthogonal instruction set
668:Alternating Turing machine
656:Quantum cellular automaton
2466:Microprocessor chronology
2429:Dynamic frequency scaling
1584:Cache performance metrics
2481:Hardware security module
1824:Digital signal processor
1801:Graphics processing unit
1613:Graphics processing unit
383:Control Data Corporation
2434:Dynamic voltage scaling
2217:Memory address register
2111:Branch target predictor
2075:Address generation unit
1818:Physics processing unit
1607:Central processing unit
1566:Transactions per second
1554:Instructions per second
1477:Array processing (SIMT)
621:Stored-program computer
561:Computer History Museum
365:; it can also store 10
332:central processing unit
2240:Hardwired control unit
2122:Memory management unit
2087:Memory management unit
1836:Secure cryptoprocessor
1830:Tensor Processing Unit
1812:Vision processing unit
1546:Cycles per instruction
1540:Instructions per cycle
1487:Associative processing
1178:Instruction pipelining
600:Processor technologies
358:
245:Decimal floating-point
2323:Sum-addressed decoder
2069:Arithmetic logic unit
1196:Classic RISC pipeline
1150:Epiphany architecture
997:Motorola 68000 series
385:(CDC), including the
356:
336:arithmetic logic unit
309:computer architecture
182:Binary floating-point
2444:Performance per watt
2022:replacement policies
1688:Package on a package
1578:Performance per watt
1482:Pipelined processing
1252:Tomasulo's algorithm
1057:Clipper architecture
913:Application-specific
626:Finite-state machine
330:wide. Also, 60-bit
2476:Digital electronics
2129:Instruction decoder
2081:Floating-point unit
1735:Soft microprocessor
1682:System in a package
1257:Reservation station
787:Transport-triggered
557:STRETCH Memo no. 40
498:"CDC 6000 Hardware"
428:James L. Peterson,
2348:Integrated circuit
2192:Processor register
1846:Baseband processor
1191:Operand forwarding
651:Cellular automaton
504:. Central Memory.
359:
2509:
2508:
2398:
2397:
2017:Instruction cache
2007:Scratchpad memory
1854:
1853:
1841:Network processor
1770:Network on a chip
1725:Ultra-low-voltage
1676:Multi-chip module
1519:
1518:
1305:
1304:
1292:Branch prediction
1269:Register renaming
1163:
1162:
1145:VISC architecture
967:Quantum computing
962:VISC architecture
844:Secondary storage
760:Microarchitecture
720:Register machines
533:. Desktop Cyber.
381:were produced by
305:
304:
2534:
2471:Processor design
2363:Power management
2245:Instruction unit
2106:Branch predictor
2055:
1753:System on a chip
1695:
1535:Transistor count
1459:Flynn's taxonomy
1316:
1174:
977:Addressing modes
888:
834:Memory hierarchy
698:Hypercomputation
616:Abstract machine
593:
586:
579:
570:
563:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
527:
518:
517:
515:
513:
494:
485:
447:
441:
426:
402:IBM 7030 Stretch
367:6-bit characters
320:memory addresses
297:
290:
283:
18:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2491:Tick–tock model
2449:
2405:
2394:
2334:
2318:Address decoder
2272:
2226:
2222:Program counter
2197:Status register
2178:
2133:
2093:Load–store unit
2060:
2053:
1980:
1949:
1850:
1807:Image processor
1782:
1775:
1745:
1739:
1715:Microcontroller
1705:Embedded system
1693:
1593:
1526:
1515:
1453:
1403:
1301:
1278:
1262:Re-order buffer
1233:
1214:Data dependency
1200:
1159:
989:
983:
882:
881:Instruction set
875:
861:Multiprocessing
829:Cache hierarchy
822:Register/memory
746:
646:Queue automaton
602:
597:
567:
566:
554:
550:
540:
538:
529:
528:
521:
511:
509:
496:
495:
488:
473:; John Y. Hsu,
448:
444:
427:
423:
418:
410:
375:
301:
272:
239:
176:
141:
12:
11:
5:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2496:Pin grid array
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2330:Barrel shifter
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2313:Binary decoder
2310:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Stack register
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:AI accelerator
1793:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1759:Multiprocessor
1756:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Microprocessor
1707:
1701:
1699:
1698:By application
1692:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Tile processor
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1427:Hyperthreading
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:Multithreading
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Pipeline stall
1182:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:z/Architecture
1132:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
985:
984:
982:
981:
980:
979:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
938:
937:
927:
926:
925:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
885:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
847:
846:
841:
839:Virtual memory
831:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
778:
777:
767:
762:
756:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
743:
742:
737:
732:
727:
717:
712:
707:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
663:Turing machine
660:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
623:
618:
612:
610:
604:
603:
598:
596:
595:
588:
581:
573:
565:
564:
548:
519:
486:
442:
420:
419:
417:
414:
409:
406:
374:
371:
350:of that size.
303:
302:
300:
299:
292:
285:
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
260:
254:
251:
250:
241:
240:
238:
237:
231:
225:
220:
214:
209:
203:
198:
191:
188:
187:
178:
177:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
150:
149:
143:
142:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
30:
29:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2539:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Demultiplexer
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Memory buffer
2210:
2208:
2207:Register file
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Combinational
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
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1229:False sharing
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1038:
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1022:Stanford MIPS
1020:
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1005:
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986:
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883:architectures
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851:Heterogeneous
849:
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832:
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802:Memory access
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766:
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749:
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735:Random-access
733:
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715:Stack machine
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631:with datapath
629:
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398:
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372:
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368:
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355:
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344:address buses
341:
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28:
24:
19:
16:
2501:Chip carrier
2439:Clock gating
2358:Mixed-signal
2255:Write buffer
2232:Control unit
2044:Clock signal
1783:accelerators
1765:Cypress PSoC
1422:Simultaneous
1239:Out-of-order
871:Neuromorphic
752:Architecture
710:Belt machine
703:Zeno machine
636:Hierarchical
551:
539:. Retrieved
510:. Retrieved
501:
474:
462:
450:
445:
429:
424:
411:
399:
389:series, the
376:
360:
312:
306:
111:
15:
2286:Multiplexer
2250:Data buffer
1961:Single-core
1933:bit slicing
1791:Coprocessor
1646:Coprocessor
1527:performance
1449:Cooperative
1439:Speculative
1399:Distributed
1358:Superscalar
1343:Instruction
1311:Parallelism
1284:Speculative
1116:System/3x0
988:Instruction
765:Von Neumann
678:Post–Turing
541:28 February
512:28 February
322:, or other
147:Application
137:bit slicing
2516:Categories
2406:management
2301:Multiplier
2162:Logic gate
2152:Sequential
2059:Functional
2039:Clock rate
2012:Data cache
1985:Components
1966:Multi-core
1954:Core count
1444:Preemptive
1348:Pipelining
1331:Bit-serial
1274:Wide-issue
1219:Structural
1141:Tilera ISA
1107:MicroBlaze
1077:ETRAX CRIS
972:Comparison
817:Load–store
797:Endianness
502:60bits.net
483:1351836048
471:1284033155
459:0470090952
449:Peterson;
438:1483268594
416:References
393:, and the
348:data buses
334:(CPU) and
2522:Data unit
2340:Circuitry
2260:Microcode
2184:Registers
2027:coherence
2002:CPU cache
1860:Word size
1525:Processor
1169:Execution
1072:DEC Alpha
1050:Power ISA
866:Cognitive
673:Universal
340:registers
248:precision
185:precision
2278:Datapath
1971:Manycore
1943:variable
1781:Hardware
1417:Temporal
1097:OpenRISC
792:Cellular
782:Dataflow
775:modified
535:Archived
506:Archived
477:, 2017,
465:, 2014,
432:, 2014,
408:Emulator
391:CDC 7600
387:CDC 6000
373:Examples
316:integers
2454:Related
2385:Quantum
2375:Digital
2370:Boolean
2268:Counter
2167:Quantum
1928:512-bit
1923:256-bit
1918:128-bit
1761:(MPSoC)
1746:on chip
1744:Systems
1562:(FLOPS)
1375:Process
1224:Control
1206:Hazards
1092:Itanium
1087:Unicore
1045:PowerPC
770:Harvard
730:Pointer
725:Counter
683:Quantum
453:, 2004
440:, p. 46
2390:Switch
2380:Analog
2118:(IMC)
2089:(MMU)
1938:others
1913:64-bit
1908:48-bit
1903:32-bit
1898:24-bit
1893:16-bit
1888:15-bit
1883:12-bit
1720:Mobile
1636:Stream
1631:Barrel
1626:Vector
1615:(GPU)
1574:(SUPS)
1542:(IPC)
1394:Memory
1387:Vector
1370:Thread
1353:Scalar
1155:Others
1102:RISC-V
1067:SuperH
1036:Power
1032:MIPS-X
1007:PDP-11
856:Fabric
608:Models
481:
469:
457:
436:
313:60-bit
2446:(PPW)
2404:Power
2296:Adder
2172:Array
2139:Logic
2100:(TLB)
2083:(FPU)
2077:(AGU)
2071:(ALU)
2061:units
1997:Cache
1878:8-bit
1873:4-bit
1868:1-bit
1832:(TPU)
1826:(DSP)
1820:(PPU)
1814:(VPU)
1803:(GPU)
1772:(NoC)
1755:(SoC)
1690:(PoP)
1684:(SiP)
1678:(MCM)
1619:GPGPU
1609:(CPU)
1599:Types
1580:(PPW)
1568:(TPS)
1556:(IPS)
1548:(CPI)
1319:Level
1130:S/390
1125:S/370
1120:S/360
1062:SPARC
1040:POWER
923:TRIPS
891:Types
379:words
346:, or
2424:ACPI
2157:Glue
2049:FIFO
1992:Core
1730:ASIP
1671:CPLD
1666:FPOA
1661:FPGA
1656:ASIC
1509:SPMD
1504:MIMD
1499:MISD
1492:SWAR
1472:SIMD
1467:SISD
1382:Data
1365:Task
1336:Word
1082:M32R
1027:MIPS
990:sets
957:ZISC
952:NISC
947:OISC
942:MISC
935:EPIC
930:VLIW
918:EDGE
908:RISC
903:CISC
812:HUMA
807:NUMA
543:2018
514:2018
479:ISBN
467:ISBN
455:ISBN
434:ISBN
328:bits
324:data
236:(Ă—8)
230:(Ă—4)
219:(Ă—2)
208:(Ă—1)
197:(×½)
2419:APM
2414:PMU
2306:CPU
2263:ROM
2034:Bus
1651:PAL
1326:Bit
1112:LMC
1017:ARM
1012:x86
1002:VAX
307:In
268:128
234:256
228:128
132:512
127:256
122:128
27:Bit
2518::
2353:3D
522:^
500:.
489:^
369:.
342:,
318:,
311:,
263:64
258:32
223:80
217:64
212:40
206:32
201:24
195:16
172:64
167:32
162:16
117:64
112:60
107:48
102:45
97:36
92:32
87:31
82:30
77:28
72:26
67:24
62:18
57:16
52:12
592:e
585:t
578:v
545:.
516:.
296:e
289:t
282:v
157:8
47:8
42:4
37:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.