1666:
1559:. This would mean that Teti ascended to the throne as Unas's son-in-law. His inauguration solved a potential succession crisis, Unas had died without a male heir. Teti adopted the Horus name Seheteptawy (meaning "He who pacifies the Two Lands") to establish his reign as one of renewed political unity. The transition appears to have occurred smoothly, and Teti retained officials from his predecessors of the Fifth Dynasty, such as viziers Mehu and Kagemni who had begun their careers under Djedkare Isesi. Despite this, the RTC too inserts a break between Unas and Teti, which the Egyptologist Jaromìr Malek contends relates to a "change of location of the capital and royal residence". The capital migrated from "White Wall" to the populous suburbs further south to "Djed-isut"—derived from the name of Teti's pyramid and pyramid town, and located east of the monument. The royal residence might have been yet further south, in the valley away and across a lake from the city, east of South Saqqara—where the pyramids of Djedkare Isesi and Pepi I were built.
69:
1357:
1575:, as in Unas' pyramid. The mortuary temple, with the exception of its entrance, conforms to the same basic plans as his predecessors. The complex contained a cult pyramid to the south-east of the pyramid with base length 15.7 m (52 ft; 30 cu). The causeway connecting to the mortuary temple is yet to be excavated, while the valley temple and pyramid town are entirely missing. Teti's pyramid became the site of a large necropolis, and included the pyramids of his wives Neith and Iput, mother of Pepi I. Iput's skeleton was discovered buried in her pyramid in a wooden coffin.
1417:
1151:
1245:
1457:
1209:
1313:
1518:'s rule, officials were endowed with greater authority—evidenced by the opulent private tombs they constructed—eventually leading to the creation of a feudal system in effect. These established trends—decentralization of authority, coupled with growth in bureaucracy—intensified during the three decades of
1547:
is not attested to, and the latest date recorded corresponds to the sixth cattle count, 12 or 13 years into his reign. The Royal Canon of Turin (RTC) gives another unlikely estimate of seven months. The archaeologist
Hartwig AltenmĂĽller mediates between Manetho and the record of the cattle count
1566:
Teti commissioned the construction of a pyramid at North
Saqqara. His pyramid follows the standard set by Djedkare Isesi, with a base length of 78.5 m (258 ft; 150 cu) converging to the apex at ~53° attaining a peak height of 52.5 m (172 ft; 100 cu). The substructure of
1562:
Teti had his daughter, Sesheshet, married to one of his viziers and later chief priest, Mereruka, a clear sign of his interest in co-operating with the noble class. Mereruka was buried close to Teti's pyramid, in a lavish tomb in North
Saqqara. As part of his policy of pacification, Teti issued a
1698:
These non-royal tomb inscriptions are but one example of the growing power of the nobility, which further weakened the absolute rule of the king. As a result, it is believed that on the death of the long-lived Pepi II his vassals were entrenched enough to resist the authority of his many
68:
1665:
1509:
By the Fifth
Dynasty, the religious institution had established itself as the dominant force in society; a trend of growth in the bureaucracy and the priesthood, and a decline in the pharaoh's power had been established during
1678:
With the growing number of biographical inscriptions in non-royal tombs, academic knowledge of the contemporary history in Egypt broadened. There is modern veracity to records of an unsuccessful plot against Pepi I, and
1567:
the pyramid was very similar to Unas's and
Djedkare Isesi's; it had a descending corridor and horizontal passage guarded at about the middle by three granite portcullises, leading to an antechamber flanked to its east by the
3141:
1658:, this woman is believed by some authorities to have been not only the first female pharaoh but the first queen in the world, although it is currently accepted that her name is actually a mistranslation of the king
3136:
1563:
decree exempting the temple at Abydos from taxation. He was the first ruler to be closely associated with the cult of Hathor at
Dendera. Abroad, Teti maintained trade relations with Byblos and Nubia.
1715:
Proposed dates for the Sixth
Dynasty: c. 2460–2200 BC, c. 2374–2200 BC, c. 2370–2190 BC, c. 2345–2181 BC, c. 2323–2150 BC, c. 2282–2117 BC.
1582:, proposed to have briefly reigned between Teti and Pepi I. Userkare is attested to in the Royal Turin Canon and Abydos king-list, and is mentioned in several contemporaneous documents.
1034:
3121:
1571:
with its three recesses and to its west by the burial chamber containing the sarcophagus. The walls of the chambers and a section of the horizontal passage were inscribed with
1467:
RTC: Originally thought to identify
Nitocris, a recent study of the papyrus has altered this assessment in favour of Netjerkare, who is also attested on the Abydos king list.
1578:
Manetho claims that Teti was assassinated by a bodyguard, but no contemporary sources confirm this. The story, if true, might explain the references to the ephemeral ruler
3116:
2112:
1724:
Proposed dates for Teti's reign: c. 2374–2354 BC, c. 2345–2333 BC, c. 2345–2323 BC, c. 2323–2191 BC, c. 2282–2270 BC.
2579:
2550:
2488:
1540:
Teti is identified as the first king of the Sixth
Dynasty by Manetho, after the conclusion of the reign of Unas. He acceded to the throne in the 23rd century BC.
1027:
1020:
3033:
3012:
2985:
2945:
2888:
2861:
2842:
2812:
2772:
2750:
2728:
2683:
2661:
2642:
2608:
2519:
2457:
2081:
3131:
3126:
1684:
554:
2693:
Baud, Michel; Dobrev, Vassil (1995). "De nouvelles annales de l'Ancien Empire Ă©gyptien. Une "Pierre de
Palerme" pour la VIe dynastie".
1669:
Seated statue of an official on block chair. Limestone. 6th Dynasty. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
3056:
1548:
to offer a reign length of around 23 years. The Egyptologists Peter Clayton and William Smith accord 12 years to his reign.
696:
414:
3111:
3106:
3101:
2924:
2791:
1356:
3096:
806:
242:
228:
203:
1008:
822:
744:
718:
261:
2919:. CNI publications. Vol. 20. Copenhagen: The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies: Museum Tusculam Press.
2802:
2598:
908:
862:
835:
792:
761:
757:
731:
705:
288:
1095:
assigns 181 regnal years, but with three additional kings concluding with Aba – discounting the reigns of the added
783:
619:
662:
649:
563:
533:
2955:
Smith, William Stevenson (1962). "XIV: The Old Kingdom in Egypt and the Beginning of the First Intermediate Period".
1416:
848:
675:
594:
576:
265:
2976:; Kloth, Nicole (eds.). "Die Pyramiden der Ersten Zwischenzeit, Nach philologischen und archäologischen Quellen".
1523:
507:
476:
106:
3073:
1680:
1543:
Teti is assigned a regnal duration of 30 or 33 years by Manetho — improbably long as the celebration of a
1487:
520:
423:
221:
3078:
1491:
1381:
1096:
1064:
497:
436:
367:
324:
235:
3049:
2626:
1068:
1060:
462:
449:
380:
354:
308:
208:
1404:
1522:'s rule, which also witnessed economic decline. This continued on into Sixth Dynasty, leading into the
1099:
kings, this is reduced to 155 regnal years. This estimate varies between both scholar and source.
1482:
The Sixth Dynasty is considered by many authorities as the last dynasty of the Old Kingdom, although
1300:
1072:
640:
345:
1150:
1688:
2573:
2544:
2482:
2106:
1328:
886:
3029:
3008:
2991:
2981:
2960:
2941:
2920:
2903:
2884:
2857:
2838:
2818:
2808:
2787:
2768:
2746:
2724:
2702:
2679:
2657:
2654:
The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC
2638:
2630:
2614:
2604:
2515:
2453:
2077:
1659:
1639:
1511:
1438:
1344:
1260:
1002:
297:
116:
96:
74:
2856:. Vol. 33 of Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
2714:
1389:
1244:
2671:
1591:
1393:
1337:
1273:
1175:
1164:
963:
2511:
2449:
2880:
2872:
2917:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c. 1800–1550 B.C
2760:
1651:
1515:
1499:
1269:
895:
607:
86:
3090:
3023:
2718:
1619:
1607:
1572:
1230:
1052:
973:
939:
278:
269:
17:
2738:
1611:
1544:
1456:
1281:
1208:
1169:
1551:
The relationship between Teti and his predecessors remains unclear, but his wife
2973:
2935:
2830:
2504:
2442:
2070:
1699:
successors, which may have contributed to the rapid decline of the Old Kingdom.
1285:
1092:
929:
2907:
1116:
126:
2995:
2964:
2706:
2822:
2618:
1595:
1293:
1091:
accords the dynasty 203 regnal years from Teti to Nitocris, while the
3025:
The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments
1655:
1579:
1444:
1397:
1277:
1196:
2902:. The Loeb classical library, 350. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1503:
1495:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1332:
1264:
1159:
1088:
1084:
3003:
Verner, Miroslav (2001b). "Old Kingdom". In Redford, Donald B. (ed.).
1415:
2959:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–72.
1615:
1603:
1599:
1181:
580:
1312:
1692:
1664:
1627:
1590:
During this dynasty, expeditions were sent to Wadi Maghara in the
1289:
1185:
2597:
Allen, James; Allen, Susan; Anderson, Julie; et al. (1999).
1622:
sent expeditions not only to these locations, but also as far as
1623:
1556:
1552:
1535:
1519:
1138:
2015:
2013:
3142:
States and territories disestablished in the 3rd millennium BC
2980:(in German). Band 39. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag: 321–339.
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2801:
Leclant, Jean (1999). "A Brief History of the Old Kingdom".
1836:
1834:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1742:
1740:
3137:
States and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC
2807:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 3–12.
73:
Ankhnesmeryre II, the queen of Egypt, and her child (son)
2372:
2370:
1683:, excited that one of his expeditions will return with a
2767:. Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell publishing.
2399:
2397:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2000:
1998:
1913:
1911:
1909:
2695:
Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2172:
2170:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1610:. The pharaoh Djedkara sent trade expeditions south to
1217:
Manetho: Unattested, possibly involved in Teti's murder
2268:
2266:
2264:
3007:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 585–591.
2637:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 601–605.
2568:. Vol. Part One. Chicago. sections 350–354.
2477:. Vol. Part One. Chicago. sections 282–390.
1851:
1849:
1087:
of the Sixth Dynasty are listed in the table below.
2784:
Conspiracies in the Egyptian Palace: Unis to Pepy I
156:
136:
122:
112:
102:
92:
82:
32:
3005:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2
2635:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2
2503:
2441:
2069:
1642:, who is credited with a reign of 94 years.
2676:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
2539:. Vol. Part One. Chicago. section 310.
2854:The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary
1681:a letter written by the young king Pepi II
1325:Cattle count: 5th + 1 year = 10 years
2019:
1900:
1028:
8:
3122:3rd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt
2743:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
2603:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
2296:
2111:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1840:
1746:
1638:The most notable member of this dynasty was
2230:
1989:
1977:
1765:
3043:
2578:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2549:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2487:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1965:
1941:
1929:
1035:
1021:
257:
67:
29:
3117:3rd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
2898:Manetho; Waddell, William Gillan (1964).
2629:(2001). "Old Kingdom: Sixth Dynasty". In
27:Final Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt
2427:
1867:
1221:Cattle count: Unknown, lost in lacuna(?)
1101:
2804:Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids
2600:Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids
2415:
2403:
2376:
2344:
2255:
2209:
2161:
2137:
2004:
1917:
1813:
1789:
1736:
1708:
260:
2571:
2542:
2480:
2388:
2361:
2332:
2320:
2176:
2149:
2125:
2104:
2101:. Oxford University Press. p. 91.
2043:
1953:
1888:
1855:
1777:
1003:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
2308:
2272:
2197:
2055:
2031:
1502:, since their pyramids were built at
1369:Cattle count: 33rd = 64–66 years
1257:Cattle count: 25th = 49–50 years
155:
135:
131:
7:
2879:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2284:
1825:
1801:
968:
934:
891:
788:
701:
645:
559:
502:
419:
350:
293:
2940:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2937:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2877:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2873:"The Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2160 BC)"
2510:. Oxford University Press. p.
2506:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2448:. Oxford University Press. p.
2444:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2072:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1498:writes that these kings ruled from
1484:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1465:Manetho: Nitocris for 12 years
25:
2978:Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur
2837:. New York: Thames & Hudson.
2656:. London: Stacey International.
1455:
1355:
1311:
1243:
1207:
1149:
240:
226:
201:
2745:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2723:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2678:. London; New York: Routledge.
1555:is thought to be a daughter of
1429:RTC: 1 year, 1 month
1167:(RTC): < 7 months
1009:Periodization of ancient Egypt
1:
3061:
2957:The Cambridge Ancient History
1602:, as well as to the mines at
1506:, very close one to another.
316:
162:
142:
52:
40:
2852:Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013).
2097:Gardiner, Alan, Sir (1964).
1494:as part of the Old Kingdom.
1367:RTC: > 90 years
1219:RTC: Possibly lost in lacuna
2972:Theis, Christoffer (2010).
2076:. Oxford University Press.
3158:
3132:Dynasties of ancient Egypt
3127:3rd millennium BC in Egypt
3022:Verner, Miroslav (2001d).
2765:A History of Ancient Egypt
2020:Manetho & Waddell 1964
1901:Manetho & Waddell 1964
1691:, located to the south of
1533:
3069:
3054:
3046:
3028:. New York: Grove Press.
2782:Kanawati, Naguib (2003).
2720:Chronicle of the Pharaohs
2652:Baker, Darrel D. (2008).
1524:First Intermediate Period
1127:Estimated Regnal Duration
180:
176:
132:
107:ancient Egyptian religion
66:
39:
3112:24th century BC in Egypt
3107:23rd century BC in Egypt
3102:22nd century BC in Egypt
2566:Ancient Records of Egypt
2537:Ancient Records of Egypt
2475:Ancient Records of Egypt
2297:Dodson & Hilton 2004
1747:Dodson & Hilton 2004
1674:The rise of the nobility
1255:RTC: 20 or 44 years
1172:: 6th = 12–13 years
222:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
2934:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003).
2871:Malek, Jaromir (2003).
2741:; Hilton, Dyan (2004).
2564:Breasted, J.H. (1906).
2535:Breasted, J.H. (1906).
2473:Breasted, J.H. (1906).
2068:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).
1944:, pp. 59 & 66.
1235:Nefersahor (originally)
236:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
77:, the pharaoh of Egypt.
3097:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
2875:. In Shaw, Ian (ed.).
1966:Baud & Dobrev 1995
1942:Baud & Dobrev 1995
1930:Baud & Dobrev 1995
1670:
1420:
1365:Manetho: 94 years
1253:Manetho: 52 years
1113:Prenomen (throne name)
807:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
209:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
158:• Disestablished
34:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
2835:The Complete Pyramids
2786:. London: Routledge.
2099:Egypt of the Pharaohs
1668:
1419:
1321:Manetho: 7 years
1110:Nomen (personal name)
940:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
896:Thirty-second Dynasty
823:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
745:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
719:Twenty-second Dynasty
93:Common languages
2915:Ryholt, Kim (1997).
2627:AltenmĂĽller, Hartwig
1427:Manetho: 1 year
974:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
909:Thirty-third Dynasty
865:(2nd Persian Period)
863:Thirty-first Dynasty
836:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
809:(1st Persian Period)
793:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
758:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
732:Twenty-third Dynasty
706:Twenty-first Dynasty
18:6th Dynasty of Egypt
2418:, pp. 347–350.
2347:, pp. 343–344.
2335:, pp. 156–157.
2140:, pp. 589–590.
2058:, pp. 325–326.
2034:, pp. 211–212.
1828:, pp. 482–483.
1106:
1104:Dynasty VI pharaohs
1075:of Dynastic Egypt.
620:Seventeenth Dynasty
555:Second Intermediate
298:Pre-dynastic period
138:• Established
2631:Redford, Donald B.
2502:Shaw, Ian (2000).
2440:Shaw, Ian (2000).
1671:
1650:Also known by the
1421:
1373:Pyramid of Pepi II
1329:Pyramid of Merenre
1162:: 30–33 years
1102:
1071:, constitutes the
1059:), along with the
697:Third Intermediate
663:Nineteenth Dynasty
650:Eighteenth Dynasty
564:Fourteenth Dynasty
534:Thirteenth Dynasty
415:First Intermediate
3085:
3084:
3070:Succeeded by
3035:978-0-8021-1703-8
3014:978-0-19-510234-5
2987:978-3-87548-584-4
2947:978-0-19-815034-3
2890:978-0-19-815034-3
2863:978-1-589-83736-2
2844:978-0-500-28547-3
2814:978-0-8109-6543-0
2774:978-0-631-19396-8
2752:978-0-500-05128-3
2730:978-0-500-05074-3
2715:Clayton, Peter A.
2685:978-0-203-98283-9
2663:978-1-905299-37-9
2644:978-0-19-510234-5
2610:978-0-8109-6543-0
2521:978-0-19-815034-3
2459:978-0-19-815034-3
2323:, pp. 80–81.
2128:, pp. 89–90.
2083:978-0-19-815034-3
1968:, pp. 46–49.
1956:, pp. 13–14.
1870:, pp. 42–43.
1841:Allen et al. 1999
1687:from the land of
1660:Neitiqerty Siptah
1514:'s reign. During
1512:Neferirkare Kakai
1475:
1474:
1439:Netjerkare Siptah
1323:RTC: 6 years
1261:Pyramid of Pepi I
1165:Royal Turin Canon
1045:
1044:
992:
991:
954:
953:
920:
919:
887:Hellenistic Egypt
877:
876:
849:Thirtieth Dynasty
774:
773:
687:
686:
676:Twentieth Dynasty
631:
630:
595:Sixteenth Dynasty
577:Fifteenth Dynasty
545:
544:
488:
487:
405:
404:
336:
335:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
214:
213:
117:Absolute monarchy
97:Egyptian language
75:Pepi II Neferkare
16:(Redirected from
3149:
3066:
3063:
3057:Dynasty of Egypt
3047:Preceded by
3044:
3039:
3018:
2999:
2968:
2951:
2930:
2911:
2894:
2867:
2848:
2826:
2797:
2778:
2756:
2734:
2710:
2689:
2667:
2648:
2622:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2509:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2447:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2234:
2231:AltenmĂĽller 2001
2228:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1993:
1990:AltenmĂĽller 2001
1987:
1981:
1978:AltenmĂĽller 2001
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1766:AltenmĂĽller 2001
1763:
1750:
1744:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1459:
1390:Ankhesenpepi III
1359:
1315:
1247:
1211:
1153:
1107:
1037:
1030:
1023:
969:
942:(Roman Pharaohs)
935:
892:
789:
702:
646:
560:
508:Eleventh Dynasty
503:
477:Eleventh Dynasty
420:
351:
318:
294:
258:
244:
243:
230:
229:
218:
217:
205:
204:
198:
197:
182:
181:
172:
171:
170:
164:
152:
151:
150:
144:
71:
62:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
48:
42:
30:
21:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3042:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3002:
2988:
2971:
2954:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2914:
2897:
2891:
2870:
2864:
2851:
2845:
2829:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2781:
2775:
2761:Grimal, Nicolas
2759:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2713:
2692:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2651:
2645:
2625:
2611:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2262:
2254:
2237:
2229:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1753:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1676:
1648:
1636:
1592:Sinai Peninsula
1588:
1538:
1532:
1480:
1466:
1443:
1441:
1428:
1396:
1394:Ankhesenpepi IV
1392:
1388:
1384:
1368:
1366:
1338:Ankhesenpepi II
1324:
1322:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:Ankhesenpepi II
1272:
1256:
1254:
1237:Merenre (later)
1236:
1220:
1218:
1184:
1176:Pyramid of Teti
1168:
1163:
1081:
1041:
1012:
1006:
994:
993:
988:379 AD – 641 AD
982:
976:
966:
964:Byzantine Egypt
956:
955:
944:
941:
932:
922:
921:
889:
879:
878:
867:
864:
811:
808:
786:
776:
775:
699:
689:
688:
643:
633:
632:
557:
547:
546:
521:Twelfth Dynasty
500:
490:
489:
424:Seventh Dynasty
417:
407:
406:
348:
338:
337:
291:
281:
241:
227:
202:
168:
167:
165:
159:
148:
147:
145:
139:
78:
58:
57:
55:
46:
45:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3079:Eighth Dynasty
3071:
3068:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3019:
3013:
3000:
2986:
2969:
2952:
2946:
2931:
2925:
2912:
2895:
2889:
2868:
2862:
2849:
2843:
2827:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2779:
2773:
2757:
2751:
2735:
2729:
2711:
2690:
2684:
2674:, ed. (1999).
2668:
2662:
2649:
2643:
2623:
2609:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2556:
2527:
2520:
2494:
2465:
2458:
2432:
2430:, p. 157.
2420:
2408:
2393:
2391:, p. 157.
2381:
2379:, p. 344.
2366:
2364:, p. 156.
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2311:, p. 104.
2301:
2299:, p. 288.
2289:
2287:, p. 482.
2277:
2260:
2235:
2233:, p. 602.
2214:
2212:, p. 590.
2202:
2200:, p. 103.
2181:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2089:
2082:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2009:
1994:
1992:, p. 604.
1982:
1980:, p. 603.
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1905:
1893:
1872:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1792:, p. 473.
1782:
1780:, p. 390.
1770:
1768:, p. 601.
1751:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1675:
1672:
1647:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1626:in modern-day
1587:
1584:
1534:Main article:
1531:
1528:
1516:Djedkare Isesi
1479:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1379:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1270:Ankhesenpepi I
1267:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1173:
1157:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:Proposed Dates
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1097:Eighth Dynasty
1080:
1077:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1013:
999:
996:
995:
990:
989:
986:
983:
972:
967:
962:
961:
958:
957:
952:
951:
950:30 BC – 313 AD
948:
945:
938:
933:
928:
927:
924:
923:
918:
917:
914:
911:
905:
904:
901:
898:
890:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
874:
871:
868:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
845:
844:
841:
838:
832:
831:
828:
825:
819:
818:
815:
812:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
787:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
771:
768:
765:
754:
753:
750:
747:
741:
740:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
708:
700:
695:
694:
691:
690:
685:
684:
681:
678:
672:
671:
668:
665:
659:
658:
655:
652:
644:
639:
638:
635:
634:
629:
628:
625:
622:
616:
615:
612:
610:
608:Abydos Dynasty
604:
603:
600:
597:
591:
590:
587:
584:
573:
572:
569:
566:
558:
553:
552:
549:
548:
543:
542:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
510:
501:
498:Middle Kingdom
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
485:
482:
479:
472:
471:
468:
465:
459:
458:
455:
452:
446:
445:
442:
439:
437:Eighth Dynasty
433:
432:
429:
426:
418:
413:
412:
409:
408:
403:
402:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
383:
377:
376:
373:
370:
368:Fourth Dynasty
364:
363:
360:
357:
349:
344:
343:
340:
339:
334:
333:
330:
327:
325:Second Dynasty
321:
320:
314:
311:
305:
304:
302:
300:
292:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:All years are
276:
273:
272:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
238:
232:
231:
224:
215:
212:
211:
206:
194:
193:
188:
178:
177:
174:
173:
160:
157:
154:
153:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
123:Historical era
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
72:
64:
63:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3080:
3075:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3050:Fifth Dynasty
3045:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2926:87-7289-421-0
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2793:0-203-16673-6
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:Dodson, Aidan
2736:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:(in French).
2696:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:Bard, Kathryn
2669:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:Kanawati 2003
2424:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2406:, p. 65.
2405:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2275:, p. 48.
2274:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:, p. 64.
2257:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:, p. 80.
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:, p. 90.
2163:
2158:
2155:
2152:, p. 79.
2151:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2046:, p. 89.
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:, p. 55.
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:, p. 11.
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:, p. 59.
1931:
1926:
1923:
1920:, p. 10.
1919:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:, p. 53.
1902:
1897:
1894:
1891:, p. 81.
1890:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:Leprohon 2013
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1843:, p. xx.
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1816:, p. 30.
1815:
1810:
1807:
1804:, Chronology.
1803:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:, p. 70.
1748:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:dancing pygmy
1682:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:and north to
1613:
1609:
1608:Wadi Hammamat
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1573:Pyramid Texts
1570:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:Dynasties VII
1485:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:Merenre emsaf
1408:
1406:
1405:Nemtyemsaf II
1403:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:Khentkaus IV
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:Fifth Dynasty
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:ancient Egypt
1050:
1049:Sixth Dynasty
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
987:
984:
980:
975:
971:
970:
965:
960:
959:
949:
946:
943:
937:
936:
931:
926:
925:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
888:
883:
882:
872:
869:
866:
860:
859:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
804:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
785:
780:
779:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
698:
693:
692:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
642:
637:
636:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
613:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
585:
582:
578:
575:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
556:
551:
550:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
511:
509:
505:
504:
499:
494:
493:
483:
480:
478:
474:
473:
469:
466:
464:
463:Tenth Dynasty
461:
460:
456:
453:
451:
450:Ninth Dynasty
448:
447:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
416:
411:
410:
400:
397:
395:
394:Sixth Dynasty
392:
391:
387:
384:
382:
381:Fifth Dynasty
379:
378:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
356:
355:Third Dynasty
353:
352:
347:
342:
341:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
315:
312:
310:
309:First Dynasty
307:
306:
303:
301:
299:
296:
295:
290:
285:
284:
280:
275:
274:
271:
270:ancient Egypt
267:
263:
259:
239:
237:
234:
233:
225:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
207:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
179:
175:
161:
141:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
76:
70:
65:
38:
31:
19:
3055:
3024:
3004:
2977:
2974:Kahl, Jochem
2956:
2936:
2916:
2899:
2876:
2853:
2834:
2831:Lehner, Mark
2803:
2783:
2764:
2742:
2719:
2698:
2694:
2675:
2653:
2634:
2599:
2565:
2559:
2536:
2530:
2505:
2497:
2474:
2468:
2443:
2435:
2423:
2416:Verner 2001d
2411:
2404:Clayton 1994
2384:
2377:Verner 2001d
2345:Verner 2001d
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2256:Clayton 1994
2210:Verner 2001b
2205:
2162:Verner 2001b
2157:
2145:
2138:Verner 2001b
2133:
2121:
2098:
2092:
2071:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2005:Leclant 1999
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1918:Leclant 1999
1896:
1863:
1858:, p. 8.
1821:
1814:Clayton 1994
1809:
1797:
1790:Verner 2001d
1785:
1773:
1720:
1711:
1697:
1677:
1649:
1640:Pepi II
1637:
1594:to mine for
1589:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1545:Sed festival
1542:
1539:
1508:
1483:
1481:
1462:2184–2181 BC
1362:2278–2184 BC
1318:2287–2278 BC
1301:Nemtyemsaf I
1282:Meritites IV
1250:2331–2287 BC
1214:2333–2331 BC
1189:
1170:Cattle count
1156:2345–2333 BC
1103:
1082:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1007:
1001:
978:
393:
191:Succeeded by
190:
185:
166: 2181
146: 2345
56: 2181
44: 2345
3065: 2345
2389:Lehner 2008
2362:Lehner 2008
2333:Lehner 2008
2321:Grimal 1992
2177:Grimal 1992
2150:Grimal 1992
2126:Grimal 1992
2044:Grimal 1992
1954:Ryholt 1997
1889:Grimal 1992
1856:Lehner 2008
1778:Grimal 1992
1620:Pepi I
1286:Inenek-Inti
1146:Seheteptawy
1093:Turin Canon
1073:Old Kingdom
930:Roman Egypt
784:Late Period
641:New Kingdom
346:Old Kingdom
186:Preceded by
3091:Categories
3067:– 2181 BC
2908:1067847872
2900:Aegyptiaca
2309:Malek 2003
2273:Smith 1962
2198:Malek 2003
2056:Theis 2010
2032:Baker 2008
1732:References
1352:Netjerkhau
1178:at Saqqara
1117:Horus-name
1057:Dynasty VI
1000:See also:
979:speculated
127:Bronze Age
113:Government
2996:0340-2215
2965:879104162
2707:0255-0962
2701:: 23–92.
2574:cite book
2545:cite book
2483:cite book
2285:Shaw 2003
2107:cite book
1826:Shaw 2003
1802:Bard 1999
1596:turquoise
1486:includes
1452:(unknown)
1449:(unknown)
1412:(unknown)
1375:in South
1349:Neferkare
1331:in South
1294:Nedjeftet
1263:in South
1204:(unknown)
1201:(unknown)
1133:Queen(s)
1055:(notated
683:1189–1077
670:1292–1189
657:1549–1292
627:1580–1549
614:1650–1600
602:1660–1600
589:1674–1535
571:1705–1690
541:1803–1649
528:1991–1803
515:2061–1991
484:2134–2061
470:2130–2040
457:2160–2130
444:2181–2160
401:2345–2181
388:2498–2345
375:2613–2498
362:2686–2613
332:2890–2686
319:3150–2890
266:dynasties
103:Religion
2833:(2008).
2823:41431623
2763:(1992).
2717:(1994).
2619:41431623
1656:Nitocris
1646:Nitiqret
1580:Userkare
1445:Nitocris
1398:Udjebten
1308:Ankhkhau
1278:Nubwenet
1240:Merytawy
1197:Userkare
1085:pharaohs
1079:Pharaohs
713:1069–945
431:spurious
3074:Seventh
2633:(ed.).
2590:Sources
1634:Pepi II
1504:Saqqara
1500:Memphis
1496:Manetho
1478:History
1424:2184 BC
1386:Iput II
1377:Saqqara
1345:Pepi II
1333:Saqqara
1305:Merenre
1265:Saqqara
1160:Manetho
1130:Pyramid
1089:Manetho
903:332–305
873:343–332
856:380–343
843:398–380
830:404–398
817:525–404
800:672–525
770:732–653
752:732–720
739:837–728
726:945–720
262:Periods
87:Memphis
83:Capital
3032:
3011:
2994:
2984:
2963:
2944:
2923:
2906:
2887:
2881:83–107
2860:
2841:
2821:
2811:
2790:
2771:
2749:
2727:
2705:
2682:
2660:
2641:
2617:
2607:
2518:
2456:
2080:
1618:, and
1616:Byblos
1604:Hatnub
1600:copper
1586:Pepi I
1569:serdab
1231:Pepi I
1190:Neith
1182:Iput I
1083:Known
1065:Fourth
916:305–30
913:XXXIII
827:XXVIII
762:Nubian
581:Hyksos
475:Early
1703:Notes
1693:Nubia
1654:name
1652:Greek
1628:Syria
1382:Neith
1290:Mehaa
1186:Khuit
1121:Image
1061:Third
947:XXXIV
900:XXXII
814:XXVII
736:XXIII
654:XVIII
506:Late
289:Early
3030:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2992:ISSN
2982:ISBN
2961:OCLC
2942:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2904:OCLC
2885:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2819:OCLC
2809:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2747:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2703:ISSN
2680:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2639:ISBN
2615:OCLC
2605:ISBN
2580:link
2551:link
2516:ISBN
2489:link
2454:ISBN
2113:link
2078:ISBN
1624:Ebla
1612:Punt
1606:and
1598:and
1557:Unas
1553:Iput
1536:Teti
1530:Teti
1520:Unas
1492:VIII
1490:and
1143:Teti
1139:Teti
1067:and
1047:The
985:XXXV
870:XXXI
840:XXIX
797:XXVI
749:XXIV
723:XXII
624:XVII
538:XIII
441:VIII
264:and
2512:115
2450:116
1689:Yam
1051:of
853:XXX
767:XXV
710:XXI
667:XIX
599:XVI
568:XIV
525:XII
428:VII
359:III
268:of
169:BCE
149:BCE
59:BCE
47:BCE
3093::
3062:c.
2990:.
2883:.
2817:.
2699:95
2613:.
2576:}}
2572:{{
2547:}}
2543:{{
2514:.
2485:}}
2481:{{
2452:.
2396:^
2369:^
2352:^
2263:^
2238:^
2217:^
2184:^
2169:^
2109:}}
2105:{{
2012:^
1997:^
1908:^
1875:^
1848:^
1833:^
1754:^
1739:^
1695:.
1662:.
1630:.
1526:.
1442:or
1063:,
680:XX
586:XV
512:XI
481:XI
454:IX
398:VI
372:IV
329:II
317:c.
279:BC
163:c.
143:c.
53:c.
41:c.
3076:)
3072:(
3038:.
3017:.
2998:.
2967:.
2950:.
2929:.
2910:.
2893:.
2866:.
2847:.
2825:.
2796:.
2777:.
2755:.
2733:.
2709:.
2688:.
2666:.
2647:.
2621:.
2582:)
2553:)
2524:.
2491:)
2462:.
2115:)
2086:.
1036:e
1029:t
1022:v
981:)
977:(
764:)
760:(
583:)
579:(
467:X
385:V
313:I
51:–
20:)
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