Canon de 75 modèle 1897 - Knowledge (XXG)

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thus pushed the oil through a small orifice and into a second cylinder placed underneath. That second cylinder contained a freely floating piston which separated the surging oil from a confined volume of compressed air. During the barrel's recoil the floating piston was forced forward by the oil, compressing the air even further. This action absorbed the recoil progressively as the internal air pressure rose and, at the end of recoil, generated a strong but decreasing back pressure that returned the gun forward to its original position. The smoothness of this system had no equal in 1897, and for at least another ten years. Each recoil cycle on the French 75, including the return forward, lasted about two seconds, permitting a maximum theoretical firing rate of about 30 rounds per minute.

42: 971: 673:, Captains Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville and Emile Rimailho, continued development and introduced an improved version in 1896. Their contribution was a leakproof hydro-pneumatic long-recoil mechanism which they named "Frein II" (Brake # II). A major improvement was the placement of improved silver-alloy rings on the freely moving piston which separated the compressed air and the hydraulic fluid inside the main hydro-pneumatic recoil cylinder. These and other modifications achieved the desired result: the long-term retention of hydraulic fluid and compressed air inside the recoil system, even under the worst field conditions. 456: 464: 787:

rounds per minute and could fire even faster for short periods of time, but the long-term sustained rate was 3-4 rounds per minute as more than this would overheat the barrel. This rate of fire, the gun's accuracy, and the lethality of the ammunition against personnel, made the French 75 superior to all other regimental field artillery at the time. When made ready for action, the first shot buried the trail spade and the two wheel anchors into the ground, following which all other shots were fired from a stable platform. Bringing down the wheel anchors tied to the braking system was called "

1115: 4231: 1483: 4245: 472: 1401: 1043: 1371: 713: 1442: 1005: 4238: 1285:. M3 GMCs were used in the Pacific theater during the Battle for the Philippines and by Marine Regimental Weapons Companies until 1944. The M3 GMC also formed the equipment of the early American tank destroyer battalions during operations in North Africa and Italy, and continued in use with the British in Italy and in small numbers in Northern Europe until the end of the war. Many others were used for training until 1942. 1191: 1150:. The basic, unmodified gun was known in British service as "Ordnance, QF, 75 mm Mk 1", although many of the guns were issued to units on converted or updated mountings. They were operated by field artillery and anti-tank units. Some of the guns had their wheels and part of their carriages cut away so that they could be mounted on a pedestal called a "Mounting, 75 mm Mk 1". These weapons were employed as light 4224: 902: 1182:

with excellent mechanical resistance to pressure which allowed, after modifying the firing brake, the recovery arch and the sighting devices an increase of the range from 8.5 km to 11.2 km and a rate of fire of 20 rounds/minute. During World War 2 these guns also used Costinescu 75 mm anti-tank round. These upgraded field guns were used in all infantry divisions in World War II.

1016:, mounted the original barrel and recoil mechanism on a new split-trail carriage. In addition to the new carriage the Mle 1897/33 had a new gun shield, pneumatic tires, sprung suspension, and the wheels "toed in" when the trails were spread. The new carriage offered higher angles of traverse and elevation than the earlier box-trail carriage. However, the Mle 1897/33 was inferior to the new 813: 779: 1212: 4146: 1357:

75 years until it was retired in favor of more modern, effective, and safe techniques after the 2023 ski season. It was notably the only place in the world in which live artillery was allowed to be shot over the heads of civilians, and may be the only place in which this gun was used for a purely peaceful purpose, and to save lives in place of taking them.

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led to an epidemic of burst barrels which afflicted 75 mm artillery during 1915. Colonel Sainte-Claire Deville corrected the problem, which was due to microfissures in the bases of the shells, due to shortcuts in manufacturing. Shell quality was restored by September 1915, but never to the full exacting standards of pre-war manufacture.

1266:, pneumatic rubber tires allowing towing at any speed, an elevation limit increased to 45 degrees, and traverse increased to 30 degrees left and right. Along with new ammunition, these features increased the effective range and allowed the gun to be used as an anti-tank gun, in which form it equipped the first tank destroyer battalions. 545:, which kept the gun's trail and wheels perfectly still during the firing sequence. Since it did not need to be re-aimed after each shot, the crew could reload and fire as soon as the barrel returned to its resting position. In typical use the French 75 could deliver fifteen rounds per minute on its target, either shrapnel or 799:" or "sweeping fire". A four-gun battery firing shrapnel could deliver 17,000 ball projectiles over an area 100 metres wide by 400 metres long in a single minute, with devastating results. Because of the gun's traversing ability, the greater the distance to the enemy concentration, the wider the area that could be swept. 997:, solid metallic wheels, were developed in the late 1920s to offer more protection to the crew, although they were very noisy during movements. They were mostly sent to units serving in the North African colonies. From 1928, the French Army also adopted bogies to enable transport by motor vehicles, such as the 1130:

In 1915 Britain acquired a number of "autocanon de 75 mm mle 1913" anti-aircraft guns, as a stopgap measure while it developed its own anti-aircraft alternatives. They were used in the defence of Britain, usually mounted on de Dion motor lorries using the French mounting which the British referred to

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The French 75 introduced a new concept in artillery technology: rapid firing without realigning the gun after each shot. Older artillery had to be resighted after each shot in order to stay on target, and thus fired no more than two aimed shots per minute. The French 75 easily delivered fifteen aimed

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in 1935 including French md. 1897. The upgrade was made with removable barrels. Several types of guns of close caliber were barreled to use the best ammunition available for 75 mm caliber, explosive projectile model 1917 "Schneider". The new barrel was made of steel alloy with chrome and nickel

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The total production of 75 mm shells during World War I exceeded 200 million rounds, mostly by private industry. In order to increase shell production from 20,000 rounds per day to 100,000 in 1915, the government turned to civilian contractors, and, as a result, shell quality deteriorated. This

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The French artillery entered the war in August 1914 with more than 4,000 Mle 1897 75 mm field guns (1,000 batteries of four guns each). Over 17,500 Mle 1897 75 mm field guns were produced during World War I, over and above the 4,100 French 75s which were already deployed by the French Army

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The gun's barrel slid back on rollers, including a set at the muzzle, when the shot was fired. The barrel was attached near the breech to a piston rod extending into an oil-filled cylinder placed just underneath the gun. When the barrel recoiled, the piston was pulled back by the barrel's recoil and

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The 75 was also innovatively used to mitigate avalanche risk at Alta Ski Area by Monty Atwater after returning from service in WWII. Using artillery and explosives then became the state of the art for avalanche mitigation, and Alta, as a world-renowned home of avalanche research, used this tool for

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Despite obsolescence brought on by new developments in artillery design, large numbers of 75s were still in use in 1939 (4,500 in the French Army alone), and they eventually found their way into a number of unlikely places. A substantial number had been delivered to Poland in 1919–20, together with

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in 1916. At the time the contribution of 75 mm artillery to these military successes, and thus to the French victories that ensued, was seen as significant. In the case of Verdun, over 1,000 French 75s (250 batteries) were constantly in action, night and day, on the battlefield during a period

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Each Mle 1897 75 mm field gun battery of 4 guns consisted of 170 men led by four officers recruited among graduates of engineering schools. Enlisted men from the countryside were given charge of the six horses that pulled each gun and its first limber. Another six horses pulled each additional

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At the beginning in 1914, the French 75 fired two main types of shells, both with high muzzle velocities (535 m/s for the shrapnel shell) and a maximum range of 8,500 metres. Their relatively flat trajectories extended all the way to the designated targets. French 75 shells, at least initially

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to have been in excess of 16 million rounds, or nearly 70% of all shells fired by French artillery during that battle. The French 75 was a devastating anti-personnel weapon against waves of infantry attacking in the open, as at the Marne and Verdun. However, its shells were comparatively light and

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containing 290 lead balls. The balls shot forward when the fuse's timer reached zero, ideally bursting high above the ground and enemy troops. During 1914 and 1915, the shrapnel shell was the dominant type of ammunition found in the French 75 batteries. However, by 1918, high-explosive shells had

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which was a modernized field artillery variant. The original box-trail carriage was retained but the gun had a new gun shield, sprung suspension and pneumatic tires for motor transport. The 75 Mle 1897 was also considered as a possible anti-tank gun by the French Army, who in 1936 ordered a new

874: 750:, known in France as "Melinite", used since 1888. The delay lasted five hundredths of a second, designed to detonate the shell in the air and at a man's height after bouncing forward off the ground. These shells were particularly destructive to men's lungs when exploding in their proximity. 680:

of shrapnel shells automatically during the firing sequence (an "automatic fuze-setter"), thus selecting the desired bursting distance. The independent sight had also been perfected for easy field use by the crews, and a nickel-steel shield was added to protect the gunners. The armored

567:, updated with new wheels and tires to allow towing by trucks rather than by horses. The French 75 set the pattern for almost all early-20th century field pieces, with guns of mostly 75 mm forming the basis of many field artillery units into the early stages of World War II. 1257:

By the early 1930s, the only U.S. artillery units that remained horse-drawn were those assigned to infantry and cavalry divisions. During the 1930s, most M1897A2 and A3 (French made) and M1897A4 (American made) guns were subsequently modernized for towing behind trucks by

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Upgrades were considered in the 1920s, such as the use of a split trail carriages. The prototypes were satisfactory but the French Army decided not to fund the improvements, choosing instead to develop a new model. That new plan was abandoned after the 1920s budget cuts.

1227:. There were 480 American 75 mm field gun batteries (over 1,900 guns) on the battlefields of France in November 1918. Manufacture of the French 75 by American industry began in the spring of 1918 and quickly built up to an accelerated pace. Carriages were built by 661:

leakage from the long-recoil mechanism. The Deport 75 was returned to Puteaux arsenal for further improvements. Hydraulic fluid leakage was typical of this experimental phase of artillery development during the 1890s, as Haussner and Krupp had previously experienced.

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It took five more years under the overall leadership of Mathieu's successor, General Deloye, to perfect and finally adopt in March 1898 an improved and final version of the Deport 75 mm long-recoil field gun. Various deceptions, some of them linked to the

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New 75 mm guns were developed specifically for anti-aircraft use. The '75 mm modèle 1922', '75 mm modèle 1924' and '75 mm modèle 1927' of 50 calibre were developed from the 62.5 calibre '75 mm Schneider modèle 1908' mounted on the

638:, which searched for potential buyers. After reviewing the blueprints in February 1892, the French artillery engineers advised that a gun should be produced without purchasing the Haussner invention. Accordingly, General Mathieu turned to Lt. Colonel 1352:

mortars, only 155 mm artillery pieces remained, for which no blank cartridges were available. The Army then recommissioned two Canon de 75 modèle 1897, then located at the Musée de l'Artillerie de Draguignan. They are used for State ceremonies.

1239:, the cannon itself by Symington-Anderson and Wisconsin Gun Company. American industry built 1,050 French 75s during World War I, but only 143 had been shipped to France by 11 November 1918; most American batteries used French-built 75s in action. 769:

Every shell, whether it be a high-explosive or shrapnel shell, was fixed to a brass case which was ejected when the breech was manually opened. Semi-automatic breech opening and shell ejection during recoil and return had not been developed yet.

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Manual For The Battery Commander. 75-mm Gun. FROM "L'ECOLE DU COMMANDANT DU BATTERIE, I PARTIE, CANON 75", Of THE FRENCH ARTILLERY SCHOOL, OF DECEMBER, 1916, CORRECTED TO MARCH, 1917. Translated to English and republished by US Army War College

1199: 3139: 646:(APX), and asked him whether he could construct a gun on the general principle of the Haussner long-cylinder recoil without infringing the existing patents. After it was judged possible, a formal request was sent out on 13 July 1892. 766:) which could reach 11,000 metres (12,000 yd) was deployed for use during the latter part of the war. Developed through French artillery research, it increased the effective range of the French 75 by about thirty-eight percent. 3129: 795:. The gun could be traversed laterally 3 degrees to the sides by sliding the trail on the wheel's axle. Progressive traversing together with small changes in elevation could be carried out while continuously firing, called " 685:

were designed to be tilted in order to present the shells horizontally to the crews. The wheel brakes could be swung under each wheel ("abattage"), and, together with the trail spade, they immobilized the gun during firing.

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75 Millimeter Gun Material Model of 1897 M1 (French). Pages 80–93 in "Handbook of artillery : including mobile, anti-aircraft and trench matériel (1920)" United States. Army. Ordnance Dept, May

2111:, Planche XXI : canon G de 75 mil. modèle 1897 sur affût de campagne modèle 1897 approprié aux côtes. 1903., Centre des archives de l'armement et du personnel civil 578 1F3 477 – via Alienor.org 3621: 3351: 1288: 1473:- Several thousand captured French guns were modified by the Germans during World War II as makeshift anti-tank guns, by adding a Swiss-designed muzzle brake and mounting it on German-built carriages. 2069: 4134: 962:

90 mm, 120 mm and 155 mm field and converted fortress guns, all without recoil brakes, that were effective but inferior in rate of fire to the more modern German heavy artillery.

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The final experimental version of Deport's 75 mm field gun was tested during the summer of 1894 and judged very promising. Extensive trials, however, revealed that it was still prone to

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The only major design difference between the 57 and 75 that would emerge was the recoil system. But even before the 57 entered testing, in 1890 General Mathieu, Director of Artillery at the

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The 75 mm modèle 1897–1915 was placed on SMCA modèle 1925 mountings with a vertical elevation of -10 to +70° and a 360° rotation. This allowed it to be used in an anti-aircraft role.

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The first U.S. artillery shots in action in World War I were fired by Battery C, 6th Field Artillery on October 23, 1917, with a French 75 named "Bridget" which is preserved today at the

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defenses or were supplied to Axis nations like Romania (PAK 97/38) and Hungary. Non-modified remainders were used as second-line and coastal artillery pieces under the German designation

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works, concrete bunkers and deeply buried shelters. Thus, with time, the French 75 batteries became routinely used to cut corridors with high-explosive shells, across the belts of German

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During the interwar, the French army kept the Mle 1897 in service and it continued to be the main gun of the French field artillery. The surplus guns were soon sold to allied countries.

2149:, Henri le Masson, Navies of the Second World War - The French Navy, The French Navy under Steam" picture essay in "United States Naval Institute Proceedings" Vol. 80, No. 7, July 1954 3673: 552:, up to about 8,500 m (5.3 mi) away. Its firing rate could even reach close to 30 rounds per minute, albeit only for a very short time and with a highly experienced crew. 1203: 1201: 3780: 3668: 3320: 3113: 579:

arsenal under the direction of Captain Sainte-Claire Deville. This 57 mm gun took advantage of a number of the most advanced artillery technologies available at the time:

4782: 791:". The gun could not be elevated beyond eighteen degrees, unless the trail spade had been deeply dug into the ground; however, the 75 mm field gun was not designed for 922:

of nearly nine months. The total consumption of 75 mm shells at Verdun during the period February 21 to September 30, 1916, is documented by the public record at the

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in August 1914. All the essential parts, including the gun's barrel and the oleo-pneumatic recoil mechanisms were manufactured by French State arsenals: Puteaux, Bourges,

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François, Guy (October 2013). "Améliorer le canon de 75 ? - Seconde partie, 1919-1940" [Improve the 75 mm gun? Second part, 1919-1940].

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limber and caisson which were assigned to each gun. A battery included 160 horses, most of them pulling ammunition as well as repair and supply caissons.

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was considering introducing the system after testing it. Krupp would later reject Haussner's invention, due to insoluble technical problems caused by

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tanks. Its relatively low velocity and a lack of modern armor-piercing ammunition limited its effectiveness as an anti-tank weapon. When the German

4003: 3962: 3729: 3229: 1459:- split-trail carriage allowing 58° traverse and -6° to +50° elevation. The solid wheels turn with the trails to offer more protection to the crew. 4792: 2823: 3775: 3744: 3596: 3581: 3439: 3434: 3315: 3244: 3189: 3011: 2991: 2847: 1503: 951: 4716: 4631: 3067: 1001:. Mounted on the bogies, the guns could be towed at a maximum speed of 30 km/h on the road but the removal of the bogies was complicated. 950:

The French Army had to wait until early 1917 to receive in numbers fast-firing heavy artillery equipped with hydraulic recoil brakes (e.g. the

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Furthermore, several new shells and fuses were introduced due to the demands of trench warfare. In 1918, a boat-tailed shell (with a superior

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adopted the French 75 mm field gun during World War I and used it extensively in battle. The U.S. designation of the basic weapon was

4706: 3184: 2914: 2909: 2694: 2632: 2458: 563:, which had been supplied with about 2,000 French 75 field guns. Several thousand were still in use in the French Army at the opening of 4681: 3842: 3663: 2500: 2029: 4555: 4008: 3901: 3749: 3689: 3637: 3285: 3280: 3270: 3249: 3149: 3072: 2986: 2981: 2924: 1788:

Vauvillier, François (January 2022). "Les tracteurs d'artillerie Citroën-Kégresse" [The Citroën-Kégresse artillery tractors].

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had about 4,000 of these field guns in service. By the end of the war about 12,000 had been produced. It was also in service with the

322: 1142:, 895 M1897 field guns and a million rounds of ammunition were purchased from the U.S. Army. For political purposes, the sale to the 4606: 3566: 3429: 2401: 860: 455: 4230: 3694: 3159: 463: 3972: 3876: 3699: 3506: 3310: 3305: 3290: 3194: 3179: 3087: 3082: 2888: 2468: 542: 341: 4415: 3571: 3496: 2961: 2868: 1165:

which mounted a 75 mm; they used these in Italy and Northern Europe until the end of the war as fire-support vehicles in

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as the "Breech Trunnion". Britain also purchased a number of the standard 75 mm guns and adapted them for AA use using a

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became available in sufficient numbers, most remaining Pak 97/38 pieces were returned to occupied France to reinforce the

1017: 560: 1661: 1059:. In 1939 the Polish army had 1,374 of these guns, making it by far the most numerous artillery piece in Polish service. 4599: 3398: 3169: 3154: 2878: 2873: 2780: 2729: 2530: 1325: 1232: 583: 4279: 4096: 2816: 575:

The forerunner of the French 75 was an experimental 57 mm gun which was first assembled in September 1891 at the

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Romania had a considerable number of World War I guns of 75 mm and 76.2 mm. Some models were modernized at

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which erupted in 1894, had been implemented by Deloye and French counter-intelligence to distract German espionage.

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United States War Department. TM 9-305 Technical Manual 75-MM Gun Matériel, M1897 and Modifications. 31 March 1941

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that used the same carriage, so it was only built in small numbers. A more modest upgrade to the Mle 1897 was the

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15–30 rpm burst (dependent on crew training and fatigue) 3–4 rpm sustained (dependent on rate of cooling)

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motorized artillery variant with wooden wheels replaced by metallic wheels with pneumatic tires, altered shield

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and St Etienne. A truck-mounted anti-aircraft version of the French 75 was assembled by the automobile firm of

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A 5.3-kilogram (12 lb) impact-detonated, thin-walled steel, high-explosive (HE) shell with a time-delay

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Captain Sainte-Claire Deville also designed important additional features, such as a device for piercing the

4512: 4497: 4208: 3811: 3770: 3616: 3611: 3501: 3475: 3391: 3346: 3295: 3174: 3062: 3031: 3026: 2883: 2493: 1389: 1132: 1083: 523: 518:, impact-detonated high-explosive shells prevailed. By 1918 the 75s became the main agents of delivery for 4691: 4686: 4502: 4388: 4332: 4203: 4164: 4101: 3932: 3922: 3052: 3021: 2809: 2572: 2447: 2371:

Les Matériels de l'Armée Française: Les canons de la victoire, 1914–1918. Tome 1: L'Artillerie de Campagne

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Newsreel footage of U.S. gunners preparing a gun position and then engaging in rapid fire in World War I.

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Photos of a reproduction or restored US M1918 limber for the 75 mm gun M1897 with all accoutrements

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Canon de 75 mm. Recueil de renseignements sur le matériel et les munitions de l'artillerie de côte

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British and American Artillery of World War II, Ian V. Hogg, Arms & Armour Press, 1978, p. 22

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In 1941, these guns began to become surplus when they were gradually being replaced by the M2A1

1178: 2442: 2093: 1031:. Mounted on that platform, the Mle 1897 gun could now quickly traverse to engage enemy tanks. 712: 4651: 3827: 3077: 2785: 2775: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2724: 2719: 2397: 2393: 2374: 2355: 2336: 2317: 2295: 2276: 2226: 1989: 1897: 1850: 1840: 1736: 1667: 1640: 1622: 1609: 1591: 1581: 1546: 1151: 1052: 906: 677: 389: 183: 133: 97: 2473: 2106: 2070:"Investiture du Président : les coups de canons étaient... made in United States !" 4178: 3606: 3341: 3047: 2770: 2714: 2709: 2699: 2689: 2673: 2668: 2622: 2612: 2602: 2249: 1889: 1469: 1445: 1139: 1135:

mounting, the "Centre Trunnion". At the Armistice there were 29 guns in service in Britain.

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arsenal, had patented an oil-and-compressed-air long-recoil system. They also learned that

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The French Navy adopted the 75 mm modèle 1897 for its coastal batteries and warships

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they were used by the Wehrmacht in 1942 as an emergency weapon against the Soviet Union's

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During this period number of the guns entered Irish service being sourced from Britain.

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The French 75 is widely regarded as the first modern artillery piece. It was the first

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in 1940, in addition to Polish guns captured in 1939. Over 3,500 were modified with a

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U.S. Army Veterinary Corps Historical Preservation Group - 75-MM GUN M1897, U.S. ARMY

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showed the vulnerability of the crew against snipers during guerilla operations. The

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In December 1894, Deport was passed over for promotion, and resigned to join "

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Fire-power — The British Army Weapons and Theory of War 1904–1945

1595: 1102:. The few 60 Mle 1897/33s captured by the Germans were given the designation 758:

become virtually the sole type of 75 mm ammunition remaining in service.

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Lieutenant-colonel Joseph Albert Deport, the developer of the 75 mm field gun

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The French 75: The 75mm M1897 field gun that revolutionized modern artillery

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Industrial America in the World War: The Strategy Behind the Line, 1917–1918

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variant with solid metallic wheels to protect the crew from small arms fire.

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History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Anti-aircraft artillery 1914-55

1854: 619:, had been informed that Konrad Haussner, a German engineer working at the 2242:

Histoire technique de l'artillerie en France pendant un siècle (1816–1919)

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No.3, 2001, John Jordan and Jean Moulin, French Cruisers: 1922 - 1954",

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Obusier de 155 C mle 1881 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897

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L’ARTILLERIE FRANÇAISE DE 1945 A 1990 (LES PIÈCES ET LEUR ENVIRONNEMENT)

1834: 935:. After 1916, the 75 batteries became the carriers of choice to deliver 734:. They had been designed for the specific purpose of inflicting maximum 4362: 990: 576: 531: 354: 230: 226: 105: 101: 93: 4591: 3130:

Canon de 120 L mle 1878 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897

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http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/a_75mm_wz97/index.html

4289: 1309: 1296:, in front of the Invalides after firing a 21-gun salute in honor of 928: 905:

The M.1897 75 mm field gun was used as the main armament of the

374: 234: 121: 113: 89: 1273:; some were removed from their towed carriages and installed on the 958:). In the meantime it had to do with a total of about four thousand 2464:

List and pictures of World War I surviving 75 mm Mle 1897 guns

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However, a few Mle 1897 guns were modernized between the wars. The

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on enemy troops advancing in the open. After 1915 and the onset of

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piece adopted in March 1898. Its official French designation was:

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Hall, Nicholas (2015). "The French 75 mm Modèle 1897 Field Gun".

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Notes on the French 75-mm Gun. US Army War College. October 1917

1079: 743: 689:

The gun was officially adopted on 28 March 1898 under the name "

209:

Albert Deport, Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville and Emile Rimailho.

117: 4595: 4116: 3831: 3387: 2805: 2482: 669:", a private armaments firm. Two young military engineers from 600:

short recoil mechanism that was designed by Major Louis Baquet.

806: 506:(French for "seventy-five"). The French 75 was designed as an 3352:

Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider sur affût-chenilles St Chamond

2273:

Un secret bien gardé: Histoire militaire de l'Affaire Dreyfus

2225:. Vincennes, France: Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre. 2177:, Jean Guigliani and Albert Moreau, "French Light Cruisers", 1663:

Un secret bien garde: Histoire militaire de 1'Affaire Dreyfus

1530:

anti-aircraft variant on 1-axle trailer with stabilizer legs.

1512:

canon de 75 mm contre-aéroplanes sur plateforme mle 1915

1463:

Canon de 75 mm mle 1897 sur plateforme Arbel modèle 1935

1332:

used the same projectiles fired from a smaller 75×272R case.

1465:- version mounted on a circular platform for quick traverse 1340:

The Canon de 75 modèle 1897 is still used in France as a

1046:

A 75 mm armata wz.1897 in the Polish Army Museum, Warsaw.

510:

weapon system for delivering large volumes of time-fused

1938: 1936: 1801: 1799: 1138:

In June 1940, with many British field guns lost in the

589:

Self-contained ammunition, with the powder charge in a

2052: 2050: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1612:, The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II, pg. 137 1374:

A navalized mle 1897 on board the Polish torpedo boat

1328:

bomber all used the same ammunition as the M1897. The

4752:

Camion équipé d'un système d'artillerie CAESAR (2008)

738:

on enemy troops stationing or advancing in the open.

3165:

Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider

2333:

British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914-1918

1414:

canon de 75 mm mle 1897 à roues métalliques DAG

913:

The French 75 gave its best performances during the

4526: 4485: 4437: 4361: 4288: 4255: 4155: 4086: 4048: 4017: 3981: 3915: 3866: 3794: 3763: 3682: 3646: 3630: 3547: 3531: 3515: 3484: 3448: 3422: 3360: 3334: 3263: 3122: 3096: 3040: 2954: 2938: 2897: 2856: 2840: 2758: 2682: 2651: 2565: 2539: 2518: 700:". The public saw it for the first time during the 522:. The 75s also became widely used as truck mounted 445: 435: 425: 415: 405: 395: 383: 373: 363: 353: 329: 316: 303: 295: 287: 276: 268: 263: 252: 244: 221: 213: 205: 200: 155: 85: 77: 72: 64: 54: 32: 634:In 1891 Haussner sold his patents to a firm named 586:'s smokeless powder, which was introduced in 1884. 4477:8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886) 3781:Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914 3321:Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914 1839:. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. pp. 13–15. 1518:static anti-aircraft variant on rotating platform 1154:and were not declared obsolete until March 1945. 1122:hitching their French-built 75 mm field gun to a 3942: 2175:Navies of the Second World War - The French Navy 1637:Blood and Steel - the Rise of the House of Krupp 1161:, the British received 170 American half-track 909:tank, after the production of the 165th vehicle. 2214:Les Canons de la Victoire (Manuel d'Artillerie) 4508:Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876) 1524:canon de 75 mm contre-aéroplanes mle 1917 4607: 4128: 3843: 3399: 2817: 2494: 2443:Range tables for French 75-/mm Gun Model 1897 2369:Touzin, Pierre; Vauvillier, François (2006). 2258:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1126:artillery tractor during a training exercise. 8: 3577:Canon de 145/155 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond 2140:France 75 mm/35 (2.95") Model 1925 and 1928. 1051:infantry ordnance, in order to fight in the 555:At the opening of World War I, in 1914, the 4275:Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895) 1722:, Pen & Sword Books, 2004, pp 8–9 1326:the -G and -H subtypes of the B-25 Mitchell 1012:A more modern version of the Mle 1897, the 841:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 81:1898–present (still used as a saluting gun) 4783:World War I artillery of the United States 4614: 4600: 4592: 4135: 4121: 4113: 3850: 3836: 3828: 3674:Canon Court de 105 M modèle 1919 Schneider 3669:Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider 3406: 3392: 3384: 3114:Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider 2824: 2810: 2802: 2501: 2487: 2479: 2212:Alvin, Colonel; André, Commandant (1923). 2164:75 mm/50 (2.95") Model 1922, 1924 and 1927 753:A 7.24-kilogram (16.0 lb) time-fused 29: 3622:Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider-St Chamond 3617:Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider 3347:Canon de 220mm L Mle1917 Schneider (FAHM) 3032:Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider 1768: 1766: 1718:Bidwell, Shelford, and Graham, Dominick, 1498:self-propelled anti-aircraft variant, on 1457:Canon de 75 mm mle 1897 modifié 1933 1426:canon de 75 mm mle 1897 modifié 1938 1062:Many were captured by Germany during the 861:Learn how and when to remove this message 4566:French weapons in the American Civil War 4452:Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808) 3705:Canon de 305 modèle 1906/10 à glissement 3539:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP 3205:Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement 3145:Materiel de 155 sur affut-truc Schneider 2977:Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond 2946:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP 2547:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP 1404:Canon de 75 modèle 1897 modifié 1938 in 1215:M1897 on an M2A2 anti-tank gun carriage. 4513:Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880) 3715:Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement 3710:Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement 3587:Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider 3220:Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement 3215:Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement 3210:Canon de 32 modèle 1870/81 à glissement 3002:Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider 2967:Canon de 155 court modèle 1904 Rimailho 2096:, Lieutenant-colonel Jean-Paul PAILHES. 2056: 1790:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel 1775:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel 1559: 1260:mounting it on the modern carriage M2A3 344:– 5.97–7.25 kg (13.2–16.0 lb) 283:8 ft 10 in (2.69 m) L/36 2997:Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond 2216:. Paris: Charles Lavauzelle & Cie. 1954: 1942: 1927: 1867: 1828: 1826: 1817: 1805: 1757: 1700:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 90 1250:, Captain (and future U.S. President) 1231:, the hydro-pneumatic recuperators by 924:Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre 877:"Our glorious 75", propaganda postcard 299:4 feet 7 inches (1.4 m) 46:Canon de 75 Modèle 1897 on display in 4778:World War I field artillery of France 4280:Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897) 3735:Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement 3725:Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement 3720:Canon de 320 modèle 1917 à glissement 3557:Canon de 105 court mle 1934 Schneider 3235:Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement 3225:Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement 3200:Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à berceau 2223:Le Canon de 75: Une gloire centenaire 1918:, "Poligon" Nr.3(27)/2012 (in Polish) 1578:Jane's pocket book of towed artillery 1344:. When the French Army discarded its 1324:light tank and the 75 mm gun of 1271:105 mm M101 split-trail Howitzer 526:. They were the main armament of the 441:6,800 m (7,400 yd) shrapnel 7: 4737:Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer 3776:Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider 3745:Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement 3597:Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider 3592:Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider 3582:Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider 3440:Canon de 75 CA modèle 1940 Schneider 3435:Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917 3316:Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider 3245:Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement 3240:Obusier de 370 modèle 1915 à berceau 3190:Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 Glissement 3135:Canon de 140 sur affut-truc mle 1884 3012:Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider 3007:Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider 2992:Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider 2848:Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1504:Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917 839:adding citations to reliable sources 291:6 feet 7 inches (2 m) 3659:Canon de 75 M modele 1919 Schneider 3068:Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 Schneider 2126:. Seaforth Publishing. p. 227. 1916:Artyleria polska oczami jej dowódcy 1486:A De Dion-Bouton self-propelled gun 1254:commanded a battery of French 75s. 4556:Second Italian War of Independence 4150:French weapons of the 19th century 3786:Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux 3730:Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau 3638:Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry 3326:Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux 3230:Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau 3073:Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry 2373:. Paris: Histoire et Collections. 2350:Routledge, Brigadier N.W. (1994). 2294:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 2221:Benoît, Lt-Col. Christian (1996). 1966:Hogg & Thurston 1972, Page 48. 1244:United States Army Ordnance Museum 644:Atelier de Construction de Puteaux 642:, at the time the Director of the 25: 4498:Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854) 4270:Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872) 3567:Canon de 105 L mle 1936 Schneider 3185:Canon de 274 modèle 93/96 Berceau 2915:Canon de 75 modèle 1914 Schneider 2910:Canon de 75 modèle 1912 Schneider 2161:DiGiulian, Tony (28 March 2013), 1580:. New York: Collier. p. 25. 4518:Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886) 4503:De Bange breech obturator (1872) 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4144: 2137:DiGiulian, Tony (3 March 2012), 1836:Light and medium field artillery 1549:British gun of similar abilities 1492:autocanon de 75 mm mle 1913 917:in August–September 1914 and at 811: 708:Hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism 543:hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism 436:Effective firing range 40: 4493:Lepage percussion system (1807) 3750:Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916 3690:Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ 3572:Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider 3430:Mitrailleuse de 25 mm CA mle 39 3286:Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890 3281:Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881 3271:Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890 3250:Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916 3150:Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ 2987:Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890 2982:Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881 2962:Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider 2925:Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890 2633:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII 2314:Allied Artillery of World War I 1894:10.1179/1741612415Z.00000000044 1448:anti-tank gun featured a large 1348:howitzers to replace them with 1096:7.5 cm FK 231(f) 927:lacked the power to obliterate 716:The Nordenfelt breech mechanism 593:case which also held the shell. 494:. It was commonly known as the 492:Matériel de 75 mm Mle 1897 439:8,500 m (9,300 yd) HE 4793:World War II weapons of France 3943:75 mm/34 Modèle 1915/1916/1917 3695:Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ 3160:Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ 2290:Gudmundsson, Bruce I. (1993). 2244:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 2171:Naval Weapons of World War Two 2147:Naval Weapons of World War Two 2124:Naval Weapons of World War One 1246:. During his service with the 1100:7,5 cm FK 97(p) 952:155 mm Schneider howitzer 449:11,000 m (12,000 yd) 446:Maximum firing range 431:500 m/s (1,600 ft/s) 253: 59:Regimental artillery field gun 27:Regimental artillery field gun 1: 4561:French Intervention in Mexico 4398:Mechanical powered submarine 3916:Battleship secondary armament 3700:Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ 3562:Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B 3507:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889 3456:25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun 3311:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889 3306:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885 3291:Mortier de 220 mm modèle 1880 3195:Canon de 305 modèle 93/96 TAZ 3180:Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ 3109:75 mm Schneider-Danglis 06/09 3088:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889 3083:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885 2889:Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889 2552:37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917 2255:America's Munitions 1917-1918 1248:American Expeditionary Forces 1144:British Purchasing Commission 561:American Expeditionary Forces 272:1,544 kg (3,404 lb) 4541:French Intervention in Spain 4457:Prélat percussion cap (1818) 3858:French naval weapons of the 3497:Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93 2869:Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93 2781:12-inch coast defense mortar 2730:12-inch coast defense mortar 2566:Field, medium and heavy guns 2531:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss 2392:. New Vanguard 288. London: 2187:Battleships of World War Two 1666:. Paris: Editions du Seuil. 1233:Singer Manufacturing Company 1157:During World War II through 196:and other conflicts and wars 4742:Obusier de Modèle 50 (1950) 4717:Mortier de Schneider (1915) 4712:Canon de St. Chamond (1915) 4462:Lefaucheux cartridge (1836) 4333:Lahitolle 95 mm (1873) 3492:Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 3276:Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878 2972:Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878 2864:Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 2195:Destroyers of World War Two 1833:Chamberlain, Peter (1975). 1639:. READ BOOKS. p. 185. 1366:Naval and coastal artillery 1330:75 mm Pack Howitzer M1 1124:Morris-Commercial C8 'Quad' 481:French 75 mm field gun 467:Rifling of a 75 modèle 1897 349:– 7.24 kg (16 lb) 34:Canon de 75 mm Modele 1897 4809: 4732:Obusier de 105 modèle 1950 4672:Canon de l’Empereur (1853) 4546:French conquest of Algeria 4447:Lepage fulminate (1807–10) 4380:Ironclad floating battery 4313:Canon obusier de 12 (1853) 4265:Reffye mitrailleuse (1866) 4018:Cruiser secondary armament 4004:194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896 3973:274 mm/45 Modèle 1887/1893 3963:194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896 3877:274 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896 3755:Obusier de 520 modèle 1916 3740:Obusier de 370 modèle 1915 3255:Obusier de 520 modèle 1916 2955:Medium and heavy artillery 2930:Obusier de 120 mm mle 15TR 2791:14"/50 caliber railway gun 2388:Zaloga, Steven J. (2020). 1792:(in French). No. 139. 1777:(in French). No. 106. 1576:Foss, Christopher (1977). 1543:cocktail named for the gun 1300:presidential inauguration. 782:Rear view of the French 75 730:in 1914, were essentially 369:Nordenfelt eccentric screw 339:– 5.4 kg (12 lb) 4707:Canon de Schneider (1912) 4647:de Vallière system (1732) 4637:Calibres de France (1552) 4627: 4215: 4179:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver 3664:Canon de 75 M modele 1928 3654:Canon de 65 M modele 1906 3170:24 cm Canon G modèle 1916 3155:Canon de 19 C modèle 1875 3104:Canon de 65 M modele 1906 2879:Canon de 24 C modèle 1876 2874:Canon de 19 C modèle 1875 2557:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun 2191:Cruisers of World War Two 2122:Friedman, Norman (2011). 1610:"Canon de 75 modèle 1897" 1029:plateforme Arbel Mle 1935 1019:Canon de 105 C Mle 1935 B 607:built under license from 359:75 mm (2.95 in) 311: 160:French colonial campaigns 65:Place of origin 39: 4652:Gribeauval system (1776) 4348:Canet 320 mm (1880) 3982:Cruiser primary armament 3887:305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/96 3335:Self propelled artillery 3301:Canon de 240 TR Mle 1903 1625:, World War One, pg. 726 1621:Priscilla Mary Roberts, 1390:Danton-class battleships 1361:Variants and derivatives 978:mounted on bogies, 1932. 956:Canon de 155 mm GPF 704:parade of 14 July 1899. 189:Second Sino Japanese War 4727:Canon de Bourges (1935) 4687:Lahitolle system (1873) 4682:de Reffye system (1870) 3771:Canon de 240 L Mle 1884 3612:Canon de 220 L mle 1917 3523:Canon de 75 modèle 1897 3502:Canon de 240 L Mle 1884 3476:47 mm APX anti-tank gun 3373:Canon de 75 modèle 1897 3296:Canon de 240 L Mle 1884 3175:Canon de 240 L Mle 1884 3063:Mortier de 58 mm type 2 3058:Mortier de 58 T N°1 bis 3027:Canon de 220 L mle 1917 2905:Canon de 75 modèle 1897 2884:Canon de 240 L Mle 1884 2695:4.72-inch Armstrong gun 2469:Canon de 75 Modèle 1897 2169:citing, John Campbell, 1975:Routledge 1994, Page 27 1635:Menne, Bernard (2007). 1133:Coventry Ordnance Works 1027:circular platform, the 1024:Canon de 75 Mle 1897/38 1014:Canon de 75 Mle 1897/33 1008:Canon de 75 Mle 1897/33 524:anti-aircraft artillery 4692:de Bange system (1875) 4677:La Hitte system (1858) 4318:La Hitte system (1858) 4194:Chassepot rifle (1866) 4189:Tabatière rifle (1864) 3022:De Bange 155 mm cannon 2573:3-inch M1902 field gun 2179:Warships International 2145:citing Campbell, John 1988:, Penguin Books 2010, 1692:Clarkson, Grosvenor B. 1487: 1452: 1409: 1378: 1301: 1216: 1208: 1195: 1167:armoured car regiments 1127: 1047: 1009: 979: 910: 878: 783: 717: 476: 468: 460: 417:Rate of fire 4657:Year XI system (1803) 4425:Electrical submarine 4343:de Bange 90 mm (1877) 4338:de Bange 80 mm (1877) 4298:Year XI system (1803) 4165:Delvigne rifle (1826) 4078:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910 4073:138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 4068:100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 4040:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 4035:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 4030:138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 4025:100 mm/45 Modèle 1891 4009:194 mm/50 Modèle 1902 3999:194 mm/45 Modèle 1887 3994:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 3989:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 3958:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893 3953:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887 3948:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910 3907:340 mm/45 Modèle 1912 3902:340 mm/42 Modèle 1887 3892:305 mm/45 Modèle 1906 3882:305 mm/45 Modèle 1887 3461:25 mm APX modèle 1937 3361:Armoured vehicle guns 2920:De Bange 90 mm cannon 2786:12-inch gun M1895MIA1 2628:155 mm howitzer M1917 2608:6-inch howitzer M1908 2354:. London: Brassey's. 2335:. London: Ian Allan. 2331:Hogg, Ian V. (1972). 2275:. Editions du Seuil. 2240:Challeat, J. (1935). 1485: 1444: 1403: 1373: 1291: 1279:M3 gun motor carriage 1214: 1206: 1193: 1163:M3 gun motor carriage 1146:was made through the 1117: 1055:. They were known as 1045: 1007: 995:roues métalliques DAG 973: 904: 894:and adopted in 1913. 876: 781: 774:Rapid fire capability 764:ballistic coefficient 746:. It was filled with 715: 474: 466: 458: 225:Government arsenals: 4467:Tamisier ball (1841) 4209:Modèle 1892 revolver 4102:57 mm/40 Modèle 1902 4063:65 mm/50 Modèle 1891 3968:240mm/50 Modèle 1902 3938:75 mm/62 Modèle 1908 3933:57 mm/40 Modèle 1885 3928:47 mm/50 Modèle 1902 3923:47 mm/40 Modèle 1885 3897:340mm/28 Modèle 1881 3414:French artillery of 2832:French artillery of 2705:6-inch Armstrong gun 2683:Coast artillery guns 2643:240 mm trench mortar 2638:BL 9.2-inch howitzer 2271:Doise, Jean (1994). 1660:Doise, Jean (1994). 1541:French 75 (cocktail) 1306:75 mm M2 and M3 1225:75 mm Gun M1897 1148:US Steel Corporation 1074:carriage, now named 1057:75 mm armata wz.1897 1038:World War II service 999:Citroën-Kégresse P17 835:improve this section 640:Joseph-Albert Deport 475:Range setting device 427:Muzzle velocity 4722:Canon de GPF (1917) 4667:Valée system (1828) 4662:Paixhans gun (1823) 4622:Artillery of France 4571:Franco-Prussian War 4328:Reffye 75 mm (1873) 4323:Reffye 85 mm (1870) 4308:Valée system (1828) 4303:Paixhans gun (1823) 4097:8 mm/50 Modèle 1914 3471:AC 47 anti-tank gun 3466:AC 37 anti-tank gun 3368:Puteaux 37 mm SA 18 3053:Mortier de 58 T N°1 3017:Canon de 155 mm GPF 2540:Small and pack guns 2173:, Henri le Masson, 1731:Ian V. Hogg, 1971, 1680:on 28 October 2010. 1298:François Hollande's 1237:Rock Island Arsenal 954:and the long-range 915:Battle of the Marne 803:World War I service 671:Ecole Polytechnique 667:Chatillon-Commentry 609:Thorsten Nordenfelt 4702:Canon de 75 (1897) 4353:Canon de 75 (1897) 4204:Lebel rifle (1886) 4184:Minié rifle (1849) 3817:75 mm ABS mle 1929 3683:Railroad artillery 3647:Mountain artillery 3602:Canon de 155mm GPF 3423:Anti-aircraft guns 3097:Mountain artillery 2841:Anti-aircraft guns 2750:155 mm gun M1918MI 2652:Anti-aircraft guns 2598:4.7-inch gun M1906 2593:3.2-inch gun M1897 1488: 1453: 1410: 1379: 1336:Contemporary usage 1316:Medium tanks, the 1302: 1217: 1209: 1196: 1128: 1048: 1010: 980: 976:Canon de 75 Mle 97 939:shells, including 911: 879: 784: 718: 528:Saint-Chamond tank 477: 469: 461: 201:Production history 130:Kingdom of Romania 4760: 4759: 4589: 4588: 4472:Minié ball (1847) 4416:Armoured cruiser 4407:Steel battleship 4371:Steam battleship 4199:Gras rifle (1874) 4110: 4109: 3825: 3824: 3807:37 mm SA mle 1938 3548:Medium and Heavy 3485:Coastal artillery 3381: 3380: 3123:Railway artillery 3078:Mortier de 240 mm 2857:Coastal artillery 2799: 2798: 2776:10-inch gun M1895 2766:7"/45 caliber gun 2759:Railway artillery 2745:16-inch gun M1919 2740:16-inch gun M1895 2735:14-inch gun M1907 2725:12-inch gun M1895 2720:10-inch gun M1895 2394:Osprey Publishing 2380:978-2-35250-022-3 2361:978-1-85753-099-5 2342:978-0-7110-0381-1 2323:978-1-86126-104-5 2316:. Crowood Press. 2301:978-0-275-94047-8 2282:978-2-02-021100-0 2250:Crowell, Benedict 2232:978-2-86323-102-9 1994:978-0-141-02928-3 1914:Nowicki, Konrad. 1882:Arms & Armour 1741:978-0-330-23838-0 1673:978-2-02-021100-0 1646:978-1-4067-5533-6 1547:QF 18-pounder gun 1308:tank guns of the 1262:which featured a 1204: 1194:"Bridget" in 2007 1152:coastal artillery 1070:and mounted on a 1053:Polish-Soviet War 871: 870: 863: 603:A rotating screw 530:in 1918 and the 453: 452: 390:Artillery tractor 184:Spanish Civil War 174:Polish–Soviet War 134:Kingdom of Serbia 98:Republic of China 16:(Redirected from 4800: 4773:World War I guns 4697:Canet gun (1880) 4616: 4609: 4602: 4593: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4226: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4114: 4056:Primary armament 3870:primary armament 3852: 3845: 3838: 3829: 3812:47mm SA mle 1935 3607:Canon de 194 GPF 3408: 3401: 3394: 3385: 3342:Canon de 194 GPF 3048:Cellerier Mortar 2826: 2819: 2812: 2803: 2771:8-inch gun M1888 2715:8-inch gun M1888 2710:6-inch gun M1897 2700:5-inch gun M1897 2690:3-inch gun M1903 2674:3-inch gun M1918 2669:3-inch gun M1917 2623:155 mm GPF M1918 2618:6-inch gun M1917 2613:6-inch gun M1903 2603:5-inch gun M1897 2503: 2496: 2489: 2480: 2407: 2384: 2365: 2346: 2327: 2305: 2286: 2264: 2259: 2245: 2236: 2217: 2199: 2198: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2072:. Archived from 2066: 2060: 2054: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1984:Andrew Roberts, 1982: 1976: 1973: 1967: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1830: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1794: 1793: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1744: 1733:The Guns 1914–18 1729: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1676:. Archived from 1657: 1651: 1650: 1632: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1573: 1470:7.5 cm Pak 97/38 1446:7.5 cm Pak 97/38 1320:tank gun of the 1205: 1173:Romanian service 1140:Battle of France 1120:1st Polish Corps 1076:7.5 cm Pak 97/38 966:Interwar service 866: 859: 855: 852: 846: 815: 807: 520:toxic gas shells 255: 44: 35: 30: 21: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4788:75 mm artillery 4763: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4623: 4620: 4590: 4585: 4581:Sino-French War 4576:Tonkin Campaign 4536:Napoleonic Wars 4528: 4522: 4481: 4433: 4357: 4284: 4251: 4250: 4213: 4172:Carabine à tige 4151: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4111: 4106: 4082: 4044: 4013: 3977: 3911: 3862: 3860:First World War 3856: 3826: 3821: 3790: 3764:Siege artillery 3759: 3678: 3642: 3626: 3549: 3543: 3527: 3516:Field artillery 3511: 3480: 3444: 3418: 3412: 3382: 3377: 3356: 3330: 3264:Siege artillery 3259: 3118: 3092: 3036: 2950: 2934: 2898:Field artillery 2893: 2852: 2836: 2830: 2800: 2795: 2754: 2678: 2664:75 mm gun M1916 2659:75 mm gun M1897 2647: 2588:75 mm gun M1917 2583:75 mm gun M1916 2578:75 mm gun M1897 2561: 2535: 2514: 2507: 2414: 2404: 2387: 2381: 2368: 2362: 2349: 2343: 2330: 2324: 2308: 2302: 2289: 2283: 2270: 2262: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2220: 2211: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2048: 2041: 2037: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1934: 1926: 1922: 1913: 1909: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1847: 1832: 1831: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1797: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1771: 1764: 1756: 1747: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1674: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1623:"French 75 gun" 1620: 1616: 1607: 1603: 1588: 1575: 1574: 1561: 1556: 1537: 1480: 1439: 1398: 1396:Field artillery 1368: 1363: 1338: 1283:tank destroyers 1252:Harry S. Truman 1229:Willys-Overland 1198: 1188: 1175: 1118:Gunners of the 1112: 1110:British service 1040: 968: 867: 856: 850: 847: 832: 816: 805: 776: 727: 710: 659:hydraulic fluid 629:hydraulic fluid 617:Ministry of War 598:hydro-pneumatic 573: 512:shrapnel shells 504:Soixante-Quinze 488:field artillery 440: 388: 345: 340: 312: 195: 191: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 164:Boxer Rebellion 162: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 78:In service 73:Service history 50: 33: 28: 23: 22: 18:75 mm gun M1897 15: 12: 11: 5: 4806: 4804: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3864: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3832: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3452: 3450: 3449:Anti-tank guns 3446: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2806: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2513:of World War I 2509:United States 2508: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2491: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2436:2013-01-18 at 2428: 2424:2013-01-18 at 2413: 2412:External links 2410: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2385: 2379: 2366: 2360: 2347: 2341: 2328: 2322: 2306: 2300: 2287: 2281: 2268: 2260: 2246: 2237: 2231: 2218: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2153: 2129: 2114: 2098: 2086: 2061: 2046: 2035: 2021: 2007: 1998: 1977: 1968: 1959: 1947: 1932: 1920: 1907: 1872: 1860: 1845: 1822: 1810: 1795: 1780: 1762: 1745: 1724: 1711: 1683: 1672: 1652: 1645: 1627: 1614: 1608:Chris Bishop, 1601: 1587:978-0020806004 1586: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1544: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1502:chassis using 1500:De Dion-Bouton 1495: 1494: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1466: 1460: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1397: 1394: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1337: 1334: 1187: 1184: 1174: 1171: 1111: 1108: 1104:7.5 cm K232(f) 1064:Fall of France 1039: 1036: 967: 964: 892:De Dion-Bouton 869: 868: 819: 817: 810: 804: 801: 775: 772: 760: 759: 755:shrapnel shell 751: 732:anti-personnel 726: 723: 709: 706: 613: 612: 601: 594: 587: 572: 569: 550:high-explosive 516:trench warfare 508:anti-personnel 451: 450: 447: 443: 442: 437: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 419: 413: 412: 409: 403: 402: 399: 393: 392: 385: 381: 380: 377: 371: 370: 367: 361: 360: 357: 351: 350: 334: 327: 326: 320: 314: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 281: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 264:Specifications 261: 260: 257: 250: 249: 246: 242: 241: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 198: 197: 157: 153: 152: 142:United Kingdom 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 56: 52: 51: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4805: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Keller (1666) 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4418:Dupuy de Lôme 4414: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088:Anti-aircraft 4085: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532:Infantry guns 3530: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939:Infantry guns 2937: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2526:Puteaux SA 18 2524: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2448:Firing tables 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2438:archive.today 2435: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2426:archive.today 2423: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2403:9781472839305 2399: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2183:M. J. 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