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802.11s started as a Study Group of IEEE 802.11 in
September 2003. It became a Task Group in July 2004. A call for proposals was issued in May 2005, which resulted in the submission of 15 proposals submitted to a vote in July 2005. After a series of eliminations and mergers, the proposals dwindled
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Mesh STAs are individual devices using mesh services to communicate with other devices in the network. They can also collocate with 802.11 Access Points (APs) and provide access to the mesh network to 802.11 stations (STAs), which have broad market availability. Also, mesh STAs can collocate with an
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When peers discover each other (and security is enabled) they take part in an SAE exchange. If SAE completes successfully, each peer knows the other party possesses the mesh password and, as a by-product of the SAE exchange, the two peers establish a cryptographically strong key. This key is used
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The draft evolved through informal comment resolution until it was submitted for a Letter Ballot in
November 2006 as Draft D1.00. Draft D2.00 was submitted in March 2008 which failed with only 61% approval. A year was spent clarifying and pruning until Draft D3.00 was created which reached WG
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There are no defined roles in a mesh – no clients and servers, no initiators and responders. Security protocols used in a mesh must, therefore, be true peer-to-peer protocols where either side can initiate to the other or both sides can initiate simultaneously.
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802.11 portal that implements the role of a gateway and provides access to one or more non-802.11 networks. In both cases, 802.11s provides a proxy mechanism to provide addressing support for non-mesh 802 devices, allowing for end-points to be cognizant of external addresses.
49:. The IEEE 802.11s task group drew upon volunteers from university and industry to provide specifications and possible design solutions for wireless mesh networking. As a standard, the document was iterated and revised many times prior to finalization.
176:, which specifies this handoff between nodes both obeying 802.11s and otherwise, may be required. This is especially likely if a longer-range lower-bandwidth service is deployed to minimize mesh dead zones, e.g. GSM routing based on
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A wireless mesh network architecture allowing otherwise out-of-range nodes 1–4 to still connect to the
Internet. A key characteristic is the presence of multiple-hop links and using intermediate nodes to relay packets for
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to two (the "SEE-Mesh" and "Wi-Mesh" proposals), which became a joint proposal in
January 2006. This merged proposal was accepted as draft D0.01 after a unanimous confirmation vote in March 2006.
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A mesh often consists of many small nodes. When mobile users or heavy loads are concerned, there will often be a handoff from one base station to another, and not only from 802.11 but from other (
301:. AODV route discovery and localized route repair approaches are identical to Associativity-based Routing. Prior work has discussed and compared these various routing protocols in detail.
234:
device is labelled as Mesh
Station (mesh STA), or simply an ad hoc node. Mesh STAs form mesh links with one another, over which mesh paths can be established using an ad hoc mobile
59:
that govern wireless networking transmission protocols. They are commonly used today to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.
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Mesh networking often involves network access by previously unknown parties, especially when a transient visitor population is being served. Thus the accompanying
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with the "Authenticated Mesh
Peering Exchange" (AMPE) to establish a secure peering and derive a session key to protect mesh traffic, including routing traffic.
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385:, starting with version 2.6.26. The Linux community, with its many diverse distributions, provides a heterogenous testing ground for protocols like
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The IEEE 802.11s standard was issued in 2011 and was superseded in 2012 when it became part of the IEEE 802.11 standard that was issued in 2012.
349:. The problem with a Diffie–Hellman key exchange is that it does not have an authentication mechanism. So the resulting key is influenced by a
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standard will be required by most mesh networks to authenticate these users without pre-registration or any prior offline communication.
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377:. In open80211s smaller meshes of under 32 nodes are supported. Some of the projects were based on earlier (draft) versions.
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In June 2011 the fifth recirculation
Sponsor Ballot, on TGs Draft 12.0, was closed. The Draft met with 97.2% approval rate.
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293:(RFC 3561), which uses on-demand ad hoc routing approach and tree-based routing. Examples of on-demand ad hoc routing are
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123:
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721:
Harkins, Dan (2008). "Simultaneous
Authentication of Equals: A Secure, Password-Based Key Exchange for Mesh Networks".
571:"A Simulation Study of Table-Driven and On-Demand Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - S J Lee, et. al., 1999"
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289:, or HWMP), yet allows vendors to operate using alternate routing protocols. HWMP is inspired by a combination of
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486:. The Working Group for WLAN Standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. November 2006
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The 2012 release of the 802.11 specification (802.11-2012) directly incorporates Mesh
Routing functionality.
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Between peers, 802.11s defines the secure password-based authentication and key establishment protocol
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A reference implementation of the 802.11s draft is available as part of the mac80211 layer in the
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2008 Second
International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (Sensorcomm 2008)
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648:"Compare the Performance of the Two Prominent Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks".
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632:"Performance Comparison of AODV, TODV, OLSR and ABR using OPNET - E. Nehra & J. Singh"
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552:. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force. July 2003
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802.11s also includes mechanisms to provide deterministic network access, a framework for
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wireless links and routing of packets through other nodes towards the destination node.
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approaches are also common. See the more detailed description of mesh security below.
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suitable to the actual network physical topology are required. 802.11s requires the
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691:"A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, 1999"
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delivery using "radio-aware metrics over self-configuring multi-hop topologies."
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mesh network, which may be used for relatively fixed (not mobile) topologies and
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The IEEE 802.11s amendment is supported by many products such as open80211s,
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See the more detailed description below comparing these routing protocols.
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708:"Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks by Padmini Misra"
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standard by defining an architecture and protocol that supports both
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265: with: all the compatible routing protocols. You can help by
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The MeshPoint.One router uses 802.11s mesh networking protocol.
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protocol. A key aspect of this architecture is the presence of
393:, a Linux distribution for routers, supports mesh networking.
249:
161:
41:, defining how wireless devices can interconnect to create a
400:, the 802.11s draft is supported starting with FreeBSD 8.0.
550:"RFC 3561 Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing"
791:"What is the maximum number of nodes supported by Mesh?"
525:"2012 release of the 802.11 specification (802.11-2012)"
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is a wireless local area network (WLAN) standard and an
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802.11s defines a default mandatory routing protocol (
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172:and other cordless phone) networks. Accordingly,
407:router uses the 802.11s mesh networking protocol.
505:"IEEE P802.11 - TASK GROUP S - MEETINGS UPDATE"
1005:
8:
150:) may be supported or even static routing (
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118:to carry the actual traffic. One or more
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957:"MeshPoint.One technical specification"
457:"Quick Guide to IEEE 802.11 Activities"
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764:"IEEE 802.11s: The WLAN Mesh Standard"
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331:Simultaneous Authentication of Equals
94:802.11s inherently depends on one of
7:
25:
207:approval with 79% in March 2009.
138:) or dynamic link-state routing (
27:IEEE standard for mesh networking
838:. Linux Wireless. Archived from
431:List of ad hoc routing protocols
253:
70:802.11s extends the IEEE 802.11
936:"Making a 'mesh' of your Wi-Fi"
762:Hiertz, Guido (January 2000).
1:
484:"HWMP Protocol specification"
387:Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
287:Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
124:Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
768:IEEE Wireless Communications
731:10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2008.131
357:of both peers to solve the
335:Diffie–Hellman key exchange
325:Peer authentication methods
299:Associativity-Based Routing
128:Associativity-Based Routing
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2316:IEEE Standards Association
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880:BattleMesh contributors.
90:Closely related standards
985:Wifi/Mesh - FreeBSD Wiki
426:Wireless ad hoc networks
226:802.11 mesh architecture
47:wireless ad hoc networks
2321:Category:IEEE standards
333:(SAE). SAE is based on
816:"Linux 2.6.26 Changes"
671:Cite journal requires
612:Cite journal requires
359:authentication problem
295:Dynamic Source Routing
222:
136:location based routing
436:Mobile ad hoc network
421:Wireless mesh network
232:wireless mesh network
219:
132:Zone Routing Protocol
725:. pp. 839–844.
343:primary cyclic group
339:finite cyclic groups
52:802.11 are a set of
938:. 15 November 2016
906:has generic name (
455:Stanley, Dorothy.
310:congestion control
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980:Status of 802.11s
740:978-0-7695-3330-8
582:10.1109/65.777441
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120:routing protocols
16:(Redirected from
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185:IEEE 802.11u
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43:wireless LAN
31:IEEE 802.11s
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2342:IEEE 802.11
1883:legacy mode
789:Chun-Yeow.
405:Google Wifi
230:An 802.11s
174:IEEE 802.21
66:Description
35:IEEE 802.11
2261:Superseded
1332:802 series
962:2019-08-11
942:2016-11-16
922:"WifiMesh"
887:2014-07-31
866:2014-07-31
846:2012-01-22
821:2008-07-14
556:2007-03-03
535:2015-08-03
510:2012-01-02
490:2009-05-03
466:2021-06-30
442:References
2136:Bluetooth
836:"802.11s"
650:CiteSeerX
240:multi-hop
166:Bluetooth
80:multicast
76:broadcast
57:standards
2336:Category
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2268:754-1985
2225:Proposed
1569:Ethernet
1055:Revision
896:cite web
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590:12848559
415:See also
353:and the
198:Timeline
116:802.11ax
112:802.11ac
2252:P1906.1
2113:Wi-Fi 8
2089:Wi-Fi 7
2055:Wi-Fi 6
2004:Wi-Fi 5
1949:Wi-Fi 4
1028:Current
800:2 March
774:2 March
398:FreeBSD
391:OpenWrt
236:routing
221:others.
178:OpenBTS
108:802.11n
104:802.11g
100:802.11b
96:802.11a
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2156:Zigbee
2124:802.15
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134:, and
2247:P1823
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2232:P1363
2014:WiGig
1878:-1997
1869:Wi-Fi
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1564:802.3
1446:802.1
1322:42010
1317:29148
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745:S2CID
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114:, or
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1548:LACP
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