530:
218:
752:(TIA) created and promoted a standard similar to 1000BASE-T that was simpler to implement, calling it 1000BASE-TX (TIA/EIA-854). The simplified design would have, in theory, reduced the cost of the required electronics by only using four unidirectional pairs (two pairs TX and two pairs RX) instead of four bidirectional pairs. However, this solution has been a commercial failure, likely due to the required Category 6 cabling and the rapidly falling cost of 1000BASE-T products.
40:
3756:
2139:, with a different wavelength going in each direction. The terminals on each side of the fiber are not equal, as the one transmitting downstream (from the center of the network to the outside) uses the 1490 nm wavelength, and the one transmitting upstream uses the 1310 nm wavelength. This is accomplished using a passive splitter prism inside each transceiver.
3768:
2063:, 275 m for 62.5 μm/200 MHz×km, 500 m for 50 μm/400 MHz×km, and 550 m for 50 μm/500 MHz×km multi-mode fiber. Fiber optic cable manufacturers have extended the reach of 1000BASE-SX to at least 1km when used with more modern fiber optic grades such as OM3 and OM4.
2180:
1000BASE-DWDM is a non-standard but industry accepted term to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up 40–120 km, and up to 64 to 160 parallel channels over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than LX10 and
2160:
1000BASE-CWDM is a non-standard but industry accepted term to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up 40–120 km, and up to 18 parallel channels over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than LX10 and use of
2151:
1000BASE-ZX is a non-standard but multi-vendor term to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission using 1,550 nm wavelength to achieve distances of at least 70 km (43 mi) over single-mode fiber. Some vendors specify distances up to 120 km (75 mi) over single-mode fiber, sometimes
2122:
1000BASE-EX is a non-standard but industry accepted term to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up to 40 km over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than a LX10, running on 1310 nm wavelength lasers.
777:
802.3ap-2007 CL70 standardized 1000BASE-KX is part of the IEEE 802.3ap standard for
Ethernet Operation over Electrical Backplanes. This standard defines one to four lanes of backplane links, one RX and one TX differential pair per lane, at link bandwidth ranging from 100 Mbit to 10 Gbit per
2081:
1000BASE-LSX is a non-standard but industry accepted term to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-SX but achieves longer distances up to 2 km over a pair of multi-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than a SX, running on 1310 nm wavelength lasers. It
768:
connector (with a pinout different from 1000BASE-T). The short segment length is due to a very high signal transmission rate. Although it is still used for specific applications where cabling is done by IT professionals, for instance, the IBM BladeCenter uses 1000BASE-CX for the
Ethernet connections
2113:
task group. It is practically identical to 1000BASE-LX, but achieves longer distances up to 10 km over a pair of single-mode fiber due to higher quality optics. Before it was standardized, 1000BASE-LX10 was essentially already in widespread use by many vendors as a proprietary extension called
618:
Since negotiation takes place on only two pairs, if two GbE interfaces are connected through a cable with only two pairs, the interfaces will successfully choose 'gigabit' as the highest common denominator (HCD), but the link will never come up. Most GbE physical devices have a specific register to
2100:
1000BASE-LX can also run over all common types of multi-mode fiber with a maximum segment length of 550 m. For link distances greater than 300 m, the use of a special launch conditioning patch cord may be required. This launches the laser at a precise offset from the center of the fiber which
2142:
Other, non-standard higher-powered single-strand optics commonly known as "BiDi" (bi-directional) utilize wavelength pairs in the 1490/1550 nm range, and are capable of reaching distances of 20, 40 and 80 km, or greater depending on module cost, fiber path loss, splices, connectors and
735:
IEEE 802.3 standardized 1000BASE-T1 in IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016. It defines
Gigabit Ethernet over a single twisted pair for automotive and industrial applications. It includes cable specifications for 15 meters (type A) or 40 meters (type B) reach. The transmission is done using
2168:
Most uses
Wavelengths: 1270 nm, 1290 nm, 1310 nm, 1330 nm, 1350 nm, 1370 nm, 1390 nm, 1410 nm, 1430 nm, 1450 nm, 1470 nm, 1490 nm, 1510 nm, 1530 nm, 1550 nm, 1570 nm, 1590 nm and 1610 nm
704:
is specified as an optional feature in the 1000BASE-T standard, meaning that straight-through cables will often work between two GbE-capable network node interfaces (both MDI) and between two switch or hub interfaces (both MDI-X). This feature eliminates the need for
2187:
To use DWDM it is necessary to use a Mux/Demux unit on both ends of the fiber link, a DWDM MUX/DEMUX with corresponding wavelengths, and SFP with corresponding wavelengths. is it also possible to use CWDM in series to increase the number of channels.
2152:
called 1000BASE-EZX. Ranges beyond 80 km are highly dependent upon the path loss of the fiber in use, specifically the attenuation figure in dB per km, the number and quality of connectors/patch panels and splices located between transceivers.
793:
is used in industry to refer to
Gigabit Ethernet transmission over fiber, where options include 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LX10, 1000BASE-BX10 or the non-standard -EX and -ZX implementations. Included are copper variants using the same
89:
in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards. The first standard for faster
2164:
Use of CWDM requires a Mux/Demux unit at both ends of the fiber link, a CWDM MUX/DEMUX with corresponding wavelengths, and SFP with corresponding wavelengths. is it also possible to DWDM in serie to increase number of channels.
3136:
2101:
causes it to spread across the diameter of the fiber core, reducing the effect known as differential mode delay which occurs when the laser couples onto only a small number of available modes in multi-mode fiber.
2207:
large block encoding with red light (600–700 nm). 1000BASE-RHA is intended for home and consumer use (just clamping the bare POF), 1000BASE-RHB for industrial, and 1000BASE-RHC for automotive applications.
168:, ratified in 2004, added two more GbE fiber standards: 1000BASE-LX10 (which was already widely implemented as vendor-specific extension) and 1000BASE-BX10. This was part of a larger group of protocols known as
3052:
281:
IEEE 802.3ab, which defines the widely used 1000BASE-T interface type, uses a different encoding scheme in order to keep the symbol rate as low as possible, allowing transmission over twisted pair.
2094:
1000BASE-LX is an optical fiber Gigabit Ethernet standard specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 38 which uses a long wavelength laser (1,270–1,355 nm), and a maximum RMS spectral width of 4 nm.
162:
cabling, and became known as 1000BASE-T. With the ratification of 802.3ab, Gigabit Ethernet became a desktop technology as organizations could use their existing copper cabling infrastructure.
2621:
2216:
There may be optical interoperability with respective 1000BASE-X Ethernet interfaces on the same link. It is also possible with certain types of optics to have a mismatch in wavelength.
3147:
760:
802.3z-1998 CL39 standardized 1000BASE-CX is an initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet connections with maximum distances of 25 meters using balanced shielded twisted pair and either
3542:
2771:
2123:
It is sometimes referred to as LH (Long Haul), and is easily confused with 1000BASE-LX10 or 1000BASE-ZX because the use of -LX(10), -LH, -EX, and -ZX is ambiguous between vendors.
2172:
CWDM is cheaper to use than DWDM, about 1/5-1/3 of the cost. CWDM is about 5-10 times more expensive the if you have the fiber available, then traditional -LX/-LZ transceivers.
263:, which inflates the line rate by 25%, from 1000 Mbit/s to 1250 Mbit/s, to ensure a DC balanced signal, and allow for clock recovery. The symbols are then sent using
3336:
2872:
2806:
634:, but uses different parameters. The three-bit symbols are then mapped to voltage levels which vary continuously during transmission. An example mapping is as follows:
2576:
604:(MBd)) and the noise immunity of the five-level signaling is also identical to that of the three-level signaling in 100BASE-TX, since 1000BASE-T uses four-dimensional
3799:
3059:
191:
respectively were the first mass-produced personal computers to feature the 1000BASE-T connection. It quickly became a built-in feature in many other computers.
709:, making obsolete the uplink vs normal port choices and manual selector switches found on many older hubs and switches and greatly reduces installation errors.
2082:
is easily confused with 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX because the use of -LX, -LX10 and -SX is ambiguous between vendors. The range is achieved with use of
2429:
137:. 802.3z is commonly referred to as 1000BASE-X, where -X refers to either -CX, -SX, -LX, or (non-standard) -ZX. (For the history behind the "X" see
121:
increased the speed from 10 to 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Gigabit Ethernet was the next iteration, increasing the speed to 1000 Mbit/s.
2489:
2066:
This standard is highly popular for intra-building links in large office buildings, co-location facilities and carrier-neutral Internet exchanges.
749:
271:
3736:
2959:
529:
2380:
619:
diagnose this behavior. Some drivers offer an "Ethernet@Wirespeed" option where this situation leads to a slower yet functional connection.
2980:
2934:
2699:
2674:
3201:
2778:
2286:
In ISO the length is purely informative. The length is not a pass/fail criterion as testing the conformance to EN 50173 series standards.
3731:
716:
operate at 2.5 and 5.0 Gbit/s, respectively, on existing copper infrastructure designed for use with 1000BASE-T. They are based on
3363:
1091:
3271:
626:
at a time. First, eight bits of data are expanded into four three-bit symbols through a non-trivial scrambling procedure based on a
44:
3303:
2358:
A single repeater per collision domain is defined in IEEE 802.3 2008 Section 3: 41. Repeater for 1000 Mb/s baseband networks
3110:
3582:
3259:
3084:
3286:
627:
2580:
584:, 1000BASE-T uses four lanes over all four cable pairs for simultaneous transmission in both directions through the use of
2467:"Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) access method and Physical Layer specifications"
2649:
2466:
537:
47:
573:. At least the clock source has to be negotiated, as one endpoint must be master and the other endpoint must be slave.
3794:
3726:
3676:
3671:
2262:
2233:
3227:
3172:
3721:
3519:
3509:
2110:
729:
597:
300:
287:
169:
259:, and the nearly obsolete 1000BASE-CX for transmission over shielded balanced copper cabling. These standards use
3711:
3633:
2267:
1783:
706:
605:
3327:
2440:
2337:
769:
between the blade servers and the switch modules, 1000BASE-T has succeeded it for general copper wiring use.
551:
Each 1000BASE-T network segment is recommended to be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet), and must use
3695:
3442:
3406:
1879:
1749:
713:
217:
3577:
3356:
2843:
222:
2746:
3457:
3301:
IEEE and Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Announce Formal Ratification of gigabit Ethernet Over Copper Standard
2496:
2200:
1762:
1176:
589:
2097:
1000BASE-LX is specified to work over a distance of up to 5 km over 10 μm single-mode fiber.
3772:
3653:
3628:
3421:
3341:
548:
1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring.
3648:
3638:
3618:
3613:
3597:
3504:
3416:
3411:
2250:
1018:
91:
712:
In order to extend and maximize the use of existing Cat-5e and Cat-6 cabling, the newer standards
3514:
3376:
2407:
2399:
Interview: Dan Barrera With Ideal Networks About TIA 42 Cabling Standards & Testing Processes
2109:
1000BASE-LX10 was standardized six years after the initial gigabit fiber versions as part of the
1030:
264:
245:
74:
977:
2469:. SECTION TWO: This section includes Clause21 through Clause 33 and Annex 22A through Annex 33E
3760:
3488:
3349:
3267:
2376:
2136:
2127:
is a very similar non-standard longer-reach variant that uses 1550 nm wavelength optics.
1083:
929:
915:
585:
455:
256:
3623:
3426:
3391:
2204:
2060:
1794:
593:
552:
508:
400:
252:
177:
159:
155:
54:
39:
3690:
3447:
3331:
3307:
3290:
2594:
2542:
2057:
901:
887:
873:
856:
839:
822:
566:
260:
114:
361:
3228:"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking – But Were Afraid to Ask"
3173:"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking – But Were Afraid to Ask"
2521:
284:
IEEE 802.3ap defines Ethernet Operation over Electrical Backplanes at different speeds.
3685:
3643:
3462:
3300:
1087:
237:
206:
181:
148:
110:
70:
2143:
patch panels. Very long reach BiDi optics may use 1510/1590 nm wavelength pairs.
201:
were part of the IEEE specification, but the specification is not updated anymore and
3788:
3396:
2295:
It may be possible for certain types of optics to work with a mismatch in wavelength.
2223:
2035:
1535:
799:
241:
138:
134:
118:
86:
1069:
270:
Optical fiber transceivers are most often implemented as user-swappable modules in
198:
188:
184:
151:
3283:
2038:
Gigabit Ethernet standard for operation over multi-mode fiber using a 770 to 860
3663:
3467:
2083:
2056:
The standard specifies a maximum length of 220 meters for 62.5 μm/160
1121:
612:
541:
414:
337:
202:
194:
31:
3027:
3002:
2069:
Optical power specifications of SX interface: Minimum output power = −9.5
3716:
3483:
2397:
2228:
2050:
1779:
631:
581:
533:
106:
999:
798:
line code. 1000BASE-X is based on the physical-layer standards developed for
3592:
3587:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3452:
3313:
2246:
2039:
1152:
1022:
717:
700:
332:
2184:
The most used channels are CH17-61 on Wavelength 1528.77-1563-86 nm.
778:
second (from 100BASE-KX to 10GBASE-KX4). The 1000BASE-KX variant uses 1.25
180:
links (for instance, on a high-capacity campus network). In 2000 and 2001,
2897:
2777:. Knowledge Development for POF S.L. (KDPOF). July 3, 2017. Archived from
3524:
3372:
3319:
2724:
2316:
2043:
1075:
779:
737:
601:
577:
102:
2199:
IEEE 802.3bv-2017 defines standardizes Gigabit Ethernet over step-index
3572:
3567:
3547:
2923:
Table 38–2—Operating range for 1000BASE-SX over each optical fiber type
609:
27:
Standard for Ethernet networking at a data rate of 1 gigabit per second
17:
600:(PAM-5). The symbol rate is identical to that of 100BASE-TX (125
3681:
2135:
1000BASE-BX10 is capable of up to 10 km over a single strand of
1026:
795:
556:
988:
251:
The IEEE 802.3z standard includes 1000BASE-SX for transmission over
3324:
2018:
makes it possible to have multiple parallel channels over 2 fibers;
1951:
makes it possible to have multiple parallel channels over 2 fibers;
2047:
560:
528:
230:
226:
216:
38:
3741:
2015:
1948:
1883:
1787:
1230:
910:
3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm
765:
761:
275:
126:
109:
in the early 1970s, and later evolved into a widely implemented
3345:
2554:
1804:
Variants: -RHA (50 m), -RHB (40 m), -RHC (15 m).
248:(1000BASE-T), or shielded balanced copper cable (1000BASE-CX).
147:, ratified in 1999, defines Gigabit Ethernet transmission over
3111:"CWDM - Cost-Effective Alternative to Expand Network Capacity"
2070:
1034:
623:
125:
The initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet was produced by the
2181:
use of DWDM, running on 1528-1565 nm wavelength lasers.
3295:
571:
Section 28D.5 Extensions required for Clause40 (1000BASE-T)
2219:
To achieve interoperability some criteria have to be met:
176:
Initially, Gigabit Ethernet was deployed in high-capacity
2644:
2642:
1497:
identical with -LX but with increased power/sensitivity;
2650:"Multimode Optical Fiber Selection & Specification"
2161:
CWDM, running on 1270-1610 nm wavelength lasers.
622:
The data is transmitted over four copper pairs, eight
85:
standard. It came into use in 1999, and has replaced
2981:"Cisco SFP Optics For Gigabit Ethernet Applications"
2245:
1000BASE-X Ethernet is not backward compatible with
30:"GigE" redirects here. For the camera protocol, see
3704:
3662:
3606:
3535:
3497:
3476:
3435:
3384:
3202:"Fiber incompatabilities? - Ars Technica OpenForum"
569:is a requirement for using 1000BASE-T according to
2622:"Gigabit Ethernet Multimode SFP MT-RJ Transceiver"
3137:"Cisco 100BASE-X SFP for Fast Ethernet SFP Ports"
2867:
2865:
2801:
2799:
2960:"Mode-Conditioning Patch Cord Installation Note"
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2073:. Minimum receive sensitivity = −17 dBm.
3357:
2366:
2364:
730:Ethernet over twisted pair § Single-pair
8:
3264:Gigabit Ethernet Technology and Applications
2752:. IEEE 802.3bv Task Force. September 8, 2015
2844:"DWDM Technology And DWDM Network Overview"
782:electrical (not optical) signalling speed.
3364:
3350:
3342:
3085:"CWDM vs. DWDM： What Are the Differences？"
2555:"IEEE P802.3bp 1000BASE-T1 PHY Task Force"
2317:"IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force"
2898:"Ethernet Media Standards and Distances"
2577:"TIA Publishes New Standard TIA/EIA-854"
1474:
1385:
1306:
1222:
943:
804:
728:For broader coverage of this topic, see
636:
297:
105:was the result of research conducted at
2338:"Power Macintosh G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)"
2308:
2279:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1252:
1249:
1246:
750:Telecommunications Industry Association
3800:Computer-related introductions in 1999
3310:- Announcement from IEEE June 28, 1999
2410:from the original on November 17, 2021
2114:either 1000BASE-LX/LH or 1000BASE-LH.
2022:capable of 45 to 160 parallel channels
536:AOC-SGP-I2 dual-port Gigabit Ethernet
69:) is the term applied to transmitting
720:but use lower signaling frequencies.
630:; this is similar to what is done in
592:called hybrid circuits (this is like
290:later added 1000BASE-LX10 and -BX10.
240:standards for Gigabit Ethernet using
229:, which connects to the computer via
7:
3767:
2747:"1000BASE-RH PHY system simulations"
2627:. tyco Electronics. November 1, 2003
2579:. TAI. July 25, 2001. Archived from
303:physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)
255:, 1000BASE-LX for transmission over
3314:IEEE P802.3ab 1000BASE-T Task Force
2249:and is not forward compatible with
1888:using point-to-multipoint topology.
938:0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
924:1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
3427:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s
2601:. Ciberforma Lda. August 17, 2019.
1962:
1895:
1443:
25:
3337:Gigabit Ethernet Auto-Negotiation
2655:. Corning Cable Systems LLC. 2012
1275:
1126:predates 1000BASE-T; rarely used.
701:Automatic MDI/MDI-X Configuration
139:Fast Ethernet § Nomenclature
3766:
3755:
3754:
3325:1000BASE-T Whitepaper from 10GEA
3053:"1.25Gbps SFP Transceiver 120km"
2772:"Optical Ethernet in Automotive"
2490:"1.4 Definitions 1.4.187 hybrid"
2375:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.
2124:
1720:
1651:
1582:
1352:
1185:
1133:
1051:
469:
2020:spectral bandwidth 0.2 nm;
1955:capable of 18 parallel channels
1499:commonly simply referred to as
896:3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
882:1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
2437:IEEE Standards Interpretations
2430:"Auto-Negotiation; 802.3-2002"
2373:Ethernet: The Definitive Guide
1953:spectral bandwidth 11 nm;
868:500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
851:200 MHz·km @ 850 nm
834:160 MHz·km @ 850 nm
628:linear-feedback shift register
1:
3320:IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (ETHERNET)
2935:"Datasheet for SFP-1G Series"
2700:"Datasheet for SFP-1G Series"
2675:"Datasheet for SFP-1G Series"
2522:"Broadcom Ethernet NIC FAQs"
2371:Charles E. Spurgeon (2014).
1990:
1923:
1852:
1684:
1615:
1572:often simply referred to as
806:Legend for fibre-based PHYs
507:
462:
454:
407:
399:
197:GbE links connected through
77:. The most popular variant,
48:network interface controller
3058:. Menaranet. Archived from
2557:. IEEE 802.3. July 29, 2016
2263:List of interface bit rates
512:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
459:
451:
448:
445:
442:
436:
433:
430:
427:
404:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
301:twisted-pair-based Ethernet
3816:
2406:. Event occurs at 11:49.
2111:Ethernet in the First Mile
1011:
727:
608:(TCM) to achieve a 6
598:pulse-amplitude modulation
288:Ethernet in the First Mile
170:Ethernet in the First Mile
29:
3750:
2727:. FS.com. January 1, 2019
1495:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1448:
1441:
1416:
1380:
1369:
1366:
1357:
1350:
1327:
1303:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1273:
1255:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1190:
1183:
576:In a departure from both
349:Cable (minimum required)
3677:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
3316:(historical information)
2705:. MOXA. October 12, 2018
2680:. MOXA. October 12, 2018
2611:IEEE 802.3 Clause 36.1.1
2599:The Network Encyclopedia
2268:Physical coding sublayer
2241:Media type and dimension
2212:Optical interoperability
606:trellis coded modulation
3237:. Richard A Steenbergen
3182:. Richard A Steenbergen
1801:Line rate: 325 MBd
1033:- Line rate: 1.25
714:2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T
615:across the four pairs.
3422:40 and 100 Gbit/s
3306:July 31, 2009, at the
3289:July 26, 2010, at the
3266:, Artech House, 2002.
2583:on September 27, 2011.
2439:. IEEE. Archived from
1013:Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
545:
233:
223:network interface card
94:was approved in 2002.
50:
3417:25 and 50 Gbit/s
3407:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
3330:July 2, 2012, at the
2873:"DWDM-SFP Data Sheet"
2784:on September 10, 2018
2201:plastic optical fiber
1021:: 1000 Mbit/s -
825:FDDI 62.5/125 µm
590:adaptive equalization
555:or better (including
532:
463:Automotive, IoT, M2M
443:PAM-3 80B/81B RS-FEC
220:
209:is used exclusively.
42:
3065:on December 10, 2014
2807:"CWDM SFP Datasheet"
1331:FP laser transmitter
842:OM1 62.5/125 µm
326:Lanes per direction
81:, is defined by the
3091:. November 30, 2017
2850:. November 28, 2016
2813:. December 29, 2005
2502:on December 6, 2010
2446:on January 30, 2006
2340:. apple-history.com
2086:laser transmitter.
1982:1528 – 1565 nm
1915:1270 – 1610 nm
1556:1480 – 1500 nm
1551:1260 – 1360 nm
1466:1260 – 1360 nm
1375:1270 – 1355 nm
807:
352:Cable rating (MHz)
304:
221:1000BASE-T capable
92:10 Gigabit Ethernet
55:computer networking
3795:Ethernet standards
3377:local area network
2034:1000BASE-SX is an
1652:1000BASE‑ZX / ‑EZX
932:OS2 9/125 µm
918:OS1 9/125 µm
904:OM5 50/125 µm
890:OM4 50/125 µm
876:OM3 50/125 µm
859:OM2 50/125 µm
805:
669:Line signal level
546:
298:
278:on older devices.
246:twisted pair cable
234:
75:gigabit per second
51:
43:Intel PRO/1000 GT
3782:
3781:
3634:Energy Efficiency
3489:Ethernet Alliance
3235:archive.nanog.org
3180:archive.nanog.org
3153:on March 29, 2020
2541:Clause 40.4.4 in
2382:978-1-4493-6184-6
2137:single-mode fiber
2027:
2026:
2023:
1995:
1985:
1956:
1928:
1918:
1889:
1859:
1847:
1823:
1805:
1755:
1746:
1732:
1714:
1695:
1677:
1662:
1645:
1626:
1608:
1593:
1576:
1560:
1508:
1479:
1469:
1455:
1400:
1378:
1364:
1332:
1311:
1301:
1286:
1239:
1211:
1208:770 – 860 nm
1197:
1179:
1145:
1127:
1102:
1100:(IEC 61076-3-103)
1063:
1045:
1004:
993:
982:
966:
942:
941:
697:
696:
596:) and five-level
586:echo cancellation
522:
521:
346:Max distance (m)
257:single-mode fiber
16:(Redirected from
3807:
3770:
3769:
3758:
3757:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3146:. Archived from
3141:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3028:"FS SFP1G-ZX-55"
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3003:"fs SFP1G-EX-55"
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2495:. Archived from
2494:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2434:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2368:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2061:multi-mode fiber
2014:
2002:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1965:
1947:
1935:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1898:
1878:
1866:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1778:
1766:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1712:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1675:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1616:
1606:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1507:prior to 802.3ah
1496:
1484:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1405:
1395:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1346:
1339:
1329:vendor-specific;
1328:
1316:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1262:
1244:
1223:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1175:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1120:
1101:
1097:
1082:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1044:
1016:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
979:
974:
962:
944:
867:
850:
833:
808:
707:crossover cables
637:
594:telephone hybrid
553:Category 5 cable
477:
472:
440:
422:
417:
369:
364:
343:Bandwidth (MHz)
320:
305:
253:multi-mode fiber
178:backbone network
129:in June 1998 as
59:Gigabit Ethernet
21:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3746:
3700:
3658:
3602:
3531:
3493:
3472:
3448:Autonegotiation
3431:
3397:100 Mbit/s
3380:
3370:
3332:Wayback Machine
3308:Wayback Machine
3291:Wayback Machine
3280:
3256:
3254:Further reading
3251:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3206:arstechnica.com
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3117:. June 17, 2014
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2983:. Cisco Systems
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2543:IEEE 802.3-2008
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2259:
2214:
2203:(POF) using -R
2197:
2178:
2158:
2149:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2092:
2079:
2032:
2021:
2019:
2000:
1998:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1931:
1914:
1911:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1761:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1713:vendor-specific
1698:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1670:
1659:
1650:
1644:vendor-specific
1629:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1590:
1581:
1563:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1498:
1482:
1465:
1462:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1371:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1314:
1297:
1294:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1142:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1038:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
980:
976:
970:
964:
865:
848:
831:
788:
775:
758:
746:
733:
726:
567:Autonegotiation
527:
475:
468:
438:
420:
413:
367:
360:
340:per lane (MBd)
329:Bits per hertz
323:Pairs required
318:
296:
261:8b/10b encoding
236:There are five
215:
205:operation with
133:, and required
100:
73:at a rate of a
71:Ethernet frames
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3443:Physical layer
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:10 Gbit/s
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:10 Mbit/s
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3298:
3293:
3284:Get IEEE 802.3
3279:
3278:External links
3276:
3275:
3274:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3219:
3208:. June 6, 2006
3193:
3164:
3128:
3102:
3076:
3044:
3019:
2994:
2972:
2951:
2926:
2914:
2889:
2861:
2824:
2795:
2763:
2738:
2716:
2691:
2666:
2638:
2613:
2604:
2586:
2568:
2546:
2534:
2513:
2480:
2457:
2421:
2396:Barrera, Dan.
2388:
2381:
2360:
2351:
2329:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2288:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2255:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2213:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2177:
2174:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2132:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2088:
2078:
2075:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1827:
1824:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1759:
1756:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1683:
1678:
1667:
1664:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1614:
1609:
1598:
1595:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1542:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1459:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1384:
1379:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1229:
1221:
1212:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1096:CX4 (SFF-8470)
1080:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1041:or Half-Duplex
1037:- Full-Duplex
1009:
1008:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
967:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
940:
939:
936:
933:
926:
925:
922:
919:
912:
911:
908:
905:
898:
897:
894:
891:
884:
883:
880:
877:
870:
869:
863:
860:
853:
852:
846:
843:
836:
835:
829:
826:
819:
818:
815:
812:
787:
784:
774:
771:
757:
754:
745:
742:
725:
722:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
526:
523:
520:
519:
517:Market failure
514:
511:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
473:
465:
464:
461:
458:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
418:
410:
409:
406:
403:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
365:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
335:
330:
327:
324:
321:
315:
312:
309:
299:Comparison of
295:
292:
244:(1000BASE-X),
238:physical layer
214:
211:
174:
173:
163:
156:category 5, 5e
142:
99:
96:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3775:
3774:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:Organizations
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:1 Gbit/s
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:1-58053-505-4
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2726:
2725:"SFP1G-SX-31"
2720:
2717:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2556:
2550:
2547:
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2538:
2535:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2498:
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2468:
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2442:
2438:
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2422:
2409:
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2401:
2400:
2392:
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2374:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2302:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Line encoding
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2176:1000BASE‑DWDM
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:1000BASE‑CWDM
2155:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2131:1000BASE-BX10
2130:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2105:1000BASE-LX10
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:near infrared
2041:
2037:
2036:optical fiber
2029:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:ITU-T G.694.1
1968:
1964:
1963:1000BASE‑DWDM
1960:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:ITU-T G.694.2
1901:
1897:
1896:1000BASE‑CWDM
1893:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1828:
1825:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
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1771:
1768:
1764:
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1757:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:1000BASE-BX10
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1481:
1478:
1468:
1445:
1444:1000BASE‑LX10
1440:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1377:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1313:
1310:
1300:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1210:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:(150 Ω)
1077:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:
995:
984:
973:
968:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
809:
803:
801:
800:Fibre Channel
797:
792:
785:
783:
781:
772:
770:
767:
763:
755:
753:
751:
743:
741:
739:
736:PAM-3 at 750
731:
723:
721:
719:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
616:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:
518:
515:
510:
480:
474:
471:
467:
466:
457:
424:
419:
416:
412:
411:
402:
388:TCM 4D-PAM-5
372:
366:
363:
359:
358:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
316:
313:
310:
307:
306:
302:
293:
291:
289:
285:
282:
279:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
242:optical fiber
239:
232:
228:
224:
219:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
199:repeater hubs
196:
192:
190:
186:
183:
179:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
135:optical fiber
132:
128:
124:
123:
122:
120:
119:Fast Ethernet
116:
112:
108:
104:
97:
95:
93:
88:
87:Fast Ethernet
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
49:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3771:
3759:
3664:Transceivers
3607:Applications
3510:Twisted pair
3458:Flow control
3401:
3379:technologies
3263:
3260:Norris, Mark
3239:. Retrieved
3234:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3179:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3148:the original
3143:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3114:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3060:the original
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3006:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2975:
2965:February 14,
2963:. Retrieved
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2929:
2922:
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2901:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:
2852:. Retrieved
2847:
2815:. Retrieved
2810:
2786:. Retrieved
2779:the original
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2669:
2659:December 23,
2657:. Retrieved
2629:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2598:
2595:"1000BaseCX"
2589:
2581:the original
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2549:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2483:
2473:February 18,
2471:. Retrieved
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2441:the original
2436:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2403:
2398:
2391:
2372:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2311:
2291:
2282:
2244:
2218:
2215:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2080:
2077:1000BASE-LSX
2068:
2065:
2055:
2033:
1992:
1980:
1969:
1925:
1913:
1902:
1854:
1843:1577 nm
1836:1270 nm
1832:
1818:802.3bk-2013
1816:802.3ah-2004
1800:
1792:
1741:
1727:802.3bv-2017
1721:1000BASE‑RHx
1691:
1686:
1674:1550 nm
1672:
1657:
1622:
1617:
1605:1310 nm
1603:
1588:
1573:
1547:
1504:
1500:
1476:
1464:
1450:802.3ah-2004
1397:
1392:
1387:
1373:
1308:
1298:1310 nm
1296:
1281:
1276:1000BASE‑LSX
1236:
1228:
1224:
1206:
1140:802.3ap-2007
1122:Data centres
1040:
1012:
817:Performance
790:
789:
786:Fiber optics
776:
759:
747:
734:
711:
699:
698:
621:
617:
575:
570:
565:
550:
547:
516:
421:802.3bp-2016
368:802.3ab-1999
286:
283:
280:
269:
250:
235:
193:
189:PowerBook G4
185:Power Mac G4
175:
166:IEEE 802.3ah
165:
152:twisted pair
145:IEEE 802.3ab
144:
130:
101:
83:IEEE 802.3ab
82:
78:
66:
62:
58:
52:
36:
3654:Synchronous
3629:Data center
2921:IEEE 802.3
2907:February 1,
2902:kb.wisc.edu
2450:November 5,
2344:November 5,
2238:Media count
2234:Duplex mode
2192:1000BASE-RH
2147:1000BASE-ZX
2125:1000BASE-ZX
2118:1000BASE-EX
2090:1000BASE-LX
2084:Fabry Perot
2030:1000BASE-SX
1811:1000BASE-PX
1793:Line code:
1743:650 nm
1658:proprietary
1589:proprietary
1583:1000BASE‑EX
1398:direct-plug
1359:802.3z-1998
1353:1000BASE‑LX
1282:proprietary
1237:direct-plug
1192:802.3z-1998
1186:1000BASE‑SX
1134:1000BASE‑KX
1058:802.3z-1998
1052:1000BASE‑CX
963:Transceiver
773:1000BASE-KX
756:1000BASE-CX
744:1000BASE-TX
724:1000BASE-T1
613:coding gain
542:PCI Express
476:TIA/EIA-854
470:1000BASE‑TX
456:Cat 6A
415:1000BASE-T1
338:Symbol rate
203:full-duplex
195:Half-duplex
131:IEEE 802.3z
32:GigE vision
3789:Categories
3705:Interfaces
3639:Industrial
3619:Automotive
3598:Long Reach
3520:First mile
3484:IEEE 802.3
3375:family of
3296:IEEE 802.3
3089:Medium.com
3032:FS Germany
3007:FS Germany
2788:August 25,
2756:August 25,
2631:August 26,
2561:October 6,
2303:References
2229:Wavelength
2051:wavelength
2001:40k – 120k
1934:40k – 100k
1780:Automotive
1661:(non IEEE)
1592:(non IEEE)
1285:(non IEEE)
959:Connector
814:Introduced
811:Fibre type
791:1000BASE-X
632:100BASE-T2
582:100BASE-TX
534:Supermicro
525:1000BASE-T
509:Cat 6
401:Cat 5
362:1000BASE‑T
149:unshielded
117:protocol.
115:link layer
107:Xerox PARC
79:1000BASE-T
3593:LattisNet
3588:100BaseVG
3563:10BASE-FL
3558:10BASE-FB
3553:10BROAD36
3453:EtherType
3241:March 30,
3212:March 29,
3186:March 30,
3157:March 29,
3121:March 22,
3095:March 22,
3037:March 30,
3012:March 30,
2944:March 21,
2882:March 22,
2854:March 22,
2817:March 22,
2731:March 21,
2709:March 21,
2684:March 21,
2527:April 25,
2506:August 9,
2322:March 19,
2251:10GBASE-X
2247:100BASE-X
2040:nanometer
1865:10k – 40k
1754:(PMD/MDI)
1153:Backplane
1023:Line code
1019:Data rate
950:Standard
718:10GBASE-T
481:obsolete
333:Line code
311:Standard
213:Varieties
3761:Category
3536:Historic
3525:10G-EPON
3373:Ethernet
3328:Archived
3304:Archived
3287:Archived
3069:June 21,
2414:April 8,
2408:Archived
2257:See also
1974:current
1907:current
1826:current
1784:Industry
1735:current
1699:OSx: 70k
1666:current
1630:OSx: 40k
1597:current
1564:OSx: 10k
1541:current
1528:OSx: 10k
1521:OM3: 550
1514:OM2: 550
1483:OM1: 550
1458:current
1429:OM3: 550
1422:OM2: 550
1404:OM1: 550
1367:current
1345:OM4: 2k
1338:OM2: 1k
1315:OM1: 2k
1290:current
1268:OM3: 1k
1261:OM2: 550
1243:OM1: 275
1200:current
1148:current
1092:FC/HSSDC
1076:balanced
1073:shielded
602:megabaud
578:10BASE-T
425:current
373:current
319:(Mbit/s)
274:form or
225:made by
207:switches
111:physical
103:Ethernet
3773:Commons
3624:Carrier
3573:10BASE2
3568:10BASE5
3548:StarLAN
3543:CSMA/CD
3515:Coaxial
3436:General
2987:June 1,
2404:Youtube
2205:64b/65b
1797:× PAM16
1731:(CL115)
1436:OSx: 5k
1220:MT-RJ
1066:legacy
989:Lambdas
953:Status
640:Symbol
544:×4 card
478:(2001)
370:(CL40)
314:Status
182:Apple's
98:History
18:802.3ab
3682:XENPAK
3468:Jumbos
3463:Frames
3385:Speeds
3270:
3115:fs.com
2940:. MOXA
2848:FS.com
2488:IEEE.
2465:IEEE.
2379:
2058:MHz×km
2046:(NIR)
1822:(CL60)
1795:64b65b
1765:: ≤ 50
1454:(CL59)
1363:(CL38)
1196:(CL38)
1144:(CL70)
1062:(CL39)
1027:8B/10B
1007:Notes
965:Module
956:Media
796:8b/10b
557:Cat 5e
496:PAM-5
355:Usage
317:Speed
294:Copper
154:(UTP)
67:1 GigE
3737:XGMII
3649:Power
3644:Metro
3614:Audio
3583:FOIRL
3505:Fiber
3498:Media
3231:(PDF)
3176:(PDF)
3151:(PDF)
3144:cisco
3140:(PDF)
3063:(PDF)
3056:(PDF)
2938:(PDF)
2877:Cisco
2811:Cisco
2782:(PDF)
2775:(PDF)
2750:(PDF)
2703:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2625:(PDF)
2500:(PDF)
2493:(PDF)
2444:(PDF)
2433:(PDF)
2274:Notes
2048:light
1977:Fibre
1910:Fibre
1829:Fibre
1738:Fibre
1669:Fibre
1600:Fibre
1544:Fibre
1461:Fibre
1370:Fibre
1293:Fibre
1203:Fibre
1000:Lanes
978:Media
971:in m
969:Reach
947:Name
588:with
561:Cat 6
484:1000
428:1000
394:62.5
376:1000
308:Name
231:PCI-X
227:Intel
3742:XAUI
3732:GMII
3672:GBIC
3268:ISBN
3243:2020
3214:2020
3188:2020
3159:2020
3123:2020
3097:2020
3071:2014
3039:2020
3014:2020
2989:2010
2967:2009
2946:2020
2909:2017
2884:2020
2856:2020
2819:2020
2790:2018
2758:2018
2733:2020
2711:2020
2686:2020
2661:2022
2633:2018
2563:2016
2529:2016
2508:2017
2475:2010
2452:2007
2416:2020
2377:ISBN
2346:2007
2324:2013
2016:DWDM
1999:OSx:
1949:CWDM
1932:OSx:
1884:FTTH
1880:EPON
1863:OSx:
1841:RX:
1834:TX:
1788:Home
1692:GBIC
1623:GBIC
1554:RX:
1549:TX:
1393:GBIC
1231:GBIC
1177:PCBs
1169:N/A
1114:N/A
1088:DE-9
1084:8P8C
935:2000
921:1998
907:2016
893:2008
879:2003
862:1998
845:1989
828:1987
766:8P8C
762:DE-9
748:The
664:111
624:bits
580:and
559:and
540:, a
513:250
505:100
502:125
499:250
460:500
449:375
446:750
408:LAN
405:100
397:100
391:125
276:GBIC
187:and
127:IEEE
113:and
3727:MII
3722:MDI
3717:EAD
3712:AUI
3696:CFP
3691:XFP
3578:MAU
2071:dBm
1993:SFP
1988:LC
1926:SFP
1921:LC
1858:XFP
1855:SFP
1850:SC
1763:POF
1750:FOT
1687:SFP
1682:LC
1618:SFP
1613:LC
1574:-BX
1505:-LH
1503:or
1501:-LX
1477:SFP
1472:LC
1388:SFP
1383:LC
1309:SFP
1304:LC
1225:SFP
1151:Cu-
1108:25
1070:TWP
1035:GBd
1031:NRZ
1003:(→)
992:(→)
981:(⇆)
930:SMF
916:SMF
902:MMF
888:MMF
874:MMF
857:MMF
840:MMF
823:MMF
780:GBd
764:or
738:MBd
693:−1
661:110
658:101
655:100
652:011
649:010
646:001
643:000
563:).
538:NIC
452:40
437:2.6
272:SFP
265:NRZ
158:or
65:or
63:GbE
53:In
45:PCI
3791::
3686:X2
3262:,
3233:.
3204:.
3178:.
3142:.
3113:.
3087:.
3030:.
3005:.
2900:.
2875:.
2864:^
2846:.
2827:^
2809:.
2798:^
2641:^
2597:.
2435:.
2402:.
2363:^
2253:.
2053:.
2042:,
2011:1
2008:1
2005:2
1944:1
1941:1
1938:2
1882:;
1875:1
1872:1
1869:1
1790:;
1786:,
1782:,
1775:1
1772:1
1769:1
1758:—
1709:1
1706:1
1703:2
1680:SC
1640:1
1637:1
1634:2
1611:SC
1568:1
1493:1
1490:1
1487:2
1414:1
1411:1
1408:2
1381:SC
1325:1
1322:1
1319:2
1253:1
1250:1
1247:2
1218:LC
1216:SC
1214:ST
1172:4
1166:1
1163:1
1160:—
1157:—
1117:4
1111:4
1105:—
1043:))
1029:×
1025::
1015:-
802:.
740:.
690:−2
687:+1
681:−1
678:+2
675:+1
610:dB
493:4
490:2
487:4
434:1
431:1
385:4
382:4
379:4
267:.
141:.)
57:,
3684:/
3365:e
3358:t
3351:v
3245:.
3216:.
3190:.
3161:.
3125:.
3099:.
3073:.
3041:.
3016:.
2991:.
2969:.
2948:.
2911:.
2886:.
2858:.
2821:.
2792:.
2760:.
2735:.
2713:.
2688:.
2663:.
2635:.
2565:.
2531:.
2510:.
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684:0
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439:6
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34:.
20:)
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