138:/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s, 10,000 Mbit/s. If one started to bump into bandwidth ceilings, then the only option was to move to the next generation, which could be cost prohibitive. An alternative solution, introduced by many of the network manufacturers in the early 1990s, is to use link aggregation to combine two physical Ethernet links into one logical link. Most of these early solutions required manual configuration and identical equipment on both sides of the connection.
38:
374:
between themselves and then combine them into a single logical link. LACP can be configured in one of two modes: active or passive. In active mode, LACPDUs are sent 1 per second along the configured links. In passive mode, LACPDUs are not sent until one is received from the other side, a speak-when-spoken-to protocol.
792:(SMLT) protocol allows multiple Ethernet links to be split across multiple switches in a stack, preventing any single point of failure and additionally allowing all switches to be load balanced across multiple aggregation switches from the single access stack. These devices synchronize state across an
686:
offers advanced functions via
Broadcom Advanced Control Suite (BACS), via which the teaming functionality of BASP (Broadcom Advanced Server Program) is available, offering 802.3ad static LAGs, LACP, and "smart teaming" which doesn't require any configuration on the switches to work. It is possible to
649:
NICs trunked together can also provide network links beyond the throughput of any one single NIC. For example, this allows a central file server to establish an aggregate 2-gigabit connection using two 1-gigabit NICs teamed together. Note the data signaling rate will still be 1 Gbit/s, which can
640:
However, this may not provide even distribution across the links in the trunk when only a single or very few pairs of hosts communicate with each other, i.e. when the hashes provide too little variation. It effectively limits the client bandwidth in aggregate. In the extreme, one link is fully loaded
573:
Linux bonding driver mode that does not require any special network-switch support. The outgoing network packet traffic is distributed according to the current load (computed relative to the speed) on each network interface slave. Incoming traffic is received by one currently designated slave network
823:
modular transceivers. While maintaining the same PHY is the usual approach, it is possible to aggregate a 1000BASE-SX fiber for one link and a 1000BASE-LX (longer, diverse path) for the second link. One path may have a longer propagation time but since most implementations keep a single traffic flow
303:
Within the IEEE Ethernet standards, the Link
Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a method to control the bundling of several physical links together to form a single logical link. LACP allows a network device to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to their peer,
811:
In most implementations, all the ports used in an aggregation consist of the same physical type, such as all copper ports (10/100/1000BASE‑T), all multi-mode fiber ports, or all single-mode fiber ports. However, all the IEEE standard requires is that each link be full duplex and all of them have an
679:
has a teaming tool for HP-branded NICs which supports several modes of link aggregation including 802.3ad with LACP. In addition, there is a basic layer-3 aggregation that allows servers with multiple IP interfaces on the same network to perform load balancing, and for home users with more than one
627:
Most backbone installations install more cabling or fiber optic pairs than is initially necessary. This is done because labor costs are higher than the cost of the cable, and running extra cable reduces future labor costs if networking needs change. Link aggregation can allow the use of these extra
373:
LACP works by sending frames (LACPDUs) down all links that have the protocol enabled. If it finds a device on the other end of a link that also has LACP enabled, that device will independently send frames along the same links in the opposite direction enabling the two units to detect multiple links
566:
Creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and duplex settings. Utilizes all slave network interfaces in the active aggregator group according to the 802.3ad specification. This mode is similar to the XOR mode above and supports the same balancing policies. The link is set up dynamically
223:
Combining can either occur such that multiple interfaces share one logical address (i.e. IP) or one physical address (i.e. MAC address), or it allows each interface to have its own address. The former requires that both ends of a link use the same aggregation method, but has performance advantages
843:
refers to not matching the aggregation type on both ends of the link. Some switches do not implement the 802.1AX standard but support static configuration of link aggregation. Therefore, link aggregation between similarly statically configured switches may work but will fail between a statically
636:
When balancing traffic, network administrators often wish to avoid reordering
Ethernet frames. For example, TCP suffers additional overhead when dealing with out-of-order packets. This goal is approximated by sending all frames associated with a particular session across the same link. Common
592:
negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the ARP Replies sent by the local system on their way out and overwrites the source hardware address with the unique hardware address of one of the NIC slaves in the single logical bonded interface such that different network-peers use different MAC
951:
systems, multiple channels may be bonded. Under DOCSIS 3.0, up to 32 downstream and 8 upstream channels may be bonded. These are typically 6 or 8 MHz wide. DOCSIS 3.1 defines more complicated arrangements involving aggregation at the level of subcarriers and larger notional channels.
1043:, a mode with a channel width of 40 MHz is specified. This is not channel bonding, but a single channel with double the older 20 MHz channel width, thus using two adjacent 20 MHz bands. This allows direct doubling of the PHY data rate from a single 20 MHz channel.
796:(IST) such that they appear to the connecting (access) device to be a single device (switch block) and prevent any packet duplication. SMLT provides enhanced resiliency with sub-second failover and sub-second recovery for all speed trunks while operating transparently to end-devices.
623:
that transfers multiple times more data than any single port or device can deliver. Link aggregation also allows the network's backbone speed to grow incrementally as demand on the network increases, without having to replace everything and deploy new hardware.
145:
inherent to a typical port-cable-port connection, in either a computer-to-switch or a switch-to-switch configuration: the cable itself or either of the ports the cable is plugged into can fail. Multiple logical connections can be made, but many of the
641:
while the others are completely idle and aggregate bandwidth is limited to this single member's maximum bandwidth. For this reason, an even load balancing and full utilization of all trunked links is almost never reached in real-life implementations.
248:
By the mid-1990s, most network switch manufacturers had included aggregation capability as a proprietary extension to increase bandwidth between their switches. Each manufacturer developed its own method, which led to compatibility problems. The
773:, all physical ports in the link aggregation group must reside on the same logical switch, which, in most common scenarios, will leave a single point of failure when the physical switch to which all links are connected goes offline. The modes
597:
The Linux Team driver provides an alternative to bonding driver. The main difference is that Team driver kernel part contains only essential code and the rest of the code (link validation, LACP implementation, decision making, etc.) is run in
802:
provides similar features in a vendor-nonspecific manner. To the connected device, the connection appears as a normal link aggregated trunk. The coordination between the multiple sources involved is handled in a vendor-specific manner.
918:
may be bonded. Throughput over such bonded connections can come closer to the aggregate bandwidth of the bonded links than can throughput under routing schemes which simply load-balance outgoing network connections over the links.
363:
Dynamic configuration: The device can confirm that the configuration at the other end can handle link aggregation. With static link aggregation, a cabling or configuration mistake could go undetected and cause undesirable network
257:
standard (i.e. encompassing the physical and data-link layers both) in a
November 1997 meeting. The group quickly agreed to include an automatic configuration feature which would add in redundancy as well. This became known as
494:
commands, but are usually specified in a Linux distribution-specific configuration file. The behavior of the single logical bonded interface depends upon its specified bonding driver mode. The default parameter is balance-rr.
1752:
Channel bonding, sometimes also called redundant array of independent network interfaces (RAIN), is an arrangement in which two or more network interfaces on a host computer are combined for redundancy or increased
294:
sublayer. To resolve this discrepancy, the 802.3ax (802.1AX) task force was formed, resulting in the formal transfer of the protocol to the 802.1 group with the publication of IEEE 802.1AX-2008 on 3 November 2008.
2206:
737:
have native support for link aggregation. XenServer offers both static LAGs as well as LACP. vSphere 5.1 (ESXi) supports both static LAGs and LACP natively with their virtual distributed switch.
486:
Modes for the Linux bonding driver (network interface aggregation modes) are supplied as parameters to the kernel bonding module at load time. They may be given as command-line arguments to the
360:
between the devices, a peer system may not perceive any connectivity problems. With static link aggregation, the peer would continue sending traffic down the link causing the connection to fail.
687:
configure teaming with BACS with a mix of NICs from different vendors as long as at least one of them is from
Broadcom and the other NICs have the required capabilities to support teaming.
1403:
1704:
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can also be set up with two or more switches. But after failover (like all other modes), in some cases, active sessions may fail (due to ARP problems) and have to be restarted.
1133:
Network bonding (also known as port trunking) consists of aggregating multiple network interfaces into a single logical bonded interface that correspond to a single IP address.
939:
is sometimes bonded to give for example 512 kbit/s upload bandwidth and 4 megabit/s download bandwidth, in areas that only have access to 2 megabit/s bandwidth.
274:
standard added in March 2000 by the IEEE 802.3ad task force. Nearly every network equipment manufacturer quickly adopted this joint standard over their proprietary standards.
235:(layer 4) basis, while channel bonding implies a division of traffic between physical interfaces at a lower level, either per packet (layer 3) or a data link (layer 2) basis.
722:
implement
Ethernet bonding at a higher level and, as long as the NIC is supported by the kernel, can deal with NICs from different manufacturers or using different drivers.
550:). This selects the same NIC slave for each destination MAC address, IP address, or IP address and port combination, respectively. Single connections will have guaranteed
1174:
788:
However, almost all vendors have proprietary extensions that resolve some of this issue: they aggregate multiple physical switches into one logical switch. Nortel's
1787:
201:) aggregation typically occurs across switch ports, which can be either physical ports or virtual ones managed by an operating system. Aggregation at layer 3 (
2413:
1371:
520:
Only one NIC slave in the bond is active. A different slave becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The single logical bonded interface's
154:
completely seamlessly. Combining multiple physical connections into one logical connection using link aggregation provides more resilient communications.
3181:
1530:
637:
implementations use L2 or L3 hashes (i.e. based on the MAC or the IP addresses), ensuring that the same flow is always sent via the same physical link.
1432:
1687:
1946:
1153:
1205:
1395:
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does not offer link aggregation support from the hypervisor level, but the above-mentioned methods for teaming under
Windows apply to Hyper-V.
1898:
1099:
403:
212:
Regardless of the layer on which aggregation occurs, it is possible to balance the network load across all links. However, in order to avoid
1873:
661:
Server 2012 supports link aggregation natively. Previous
Windows Server versions relied on manufacturer support of the feature within their
1325:
895:
891:
799:
1711:
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It has been concluded between 802.1 and 802.3 that future development of Link
Aggregation would be more appropriate as an 802.1 standard
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2056:
1291:
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Transmit network packets based on a hash of the packet's source and destination. The default algorithm only considers MAC addresses (
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2001:
1739:
259:
100:
1607:
1175:"Cisco Nexus 5000 Series NX-OS Software Configuration Guide - Configuring Port Channels [Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches]"
1662:
270:
As of 2000, most gigabit channel-bonding schemes used the IEEE standard of link aggregation which was formerly clause 43 of the
2181:
410:'s Speedify. Most high-end network devices support some form of link aggregation. Software-based implementations – such as the
382:
In addition to the IEEE link aggregation substandards, there are a number of proprietary aggregation schemes including Cisco's
282:
The 802.3 maintenance task force report for the 9th revision project in
November 2006 noted that certain 802.1 layers (such as
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1559:
Mechanisms for Optimizing Link Aggregation Group (LAG) and Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) Component Link Utilization in Networks
3296:
2438:
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for implementation. Broadband bonding, because it is implemented at higher layers, can be done without this coordination.
588:(rlb) for IPv4 traffic and does not require any special network switch support. The receive load balancing is achieved by
134:
Bandwidth requirements do not scale linearly. Ethernet bandwidths historically have increased tenfold each generation: 10
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2006:
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packet delivery and will transmit at the speed of a single NIC. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.
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interface. If this receiving slave fails, another slave takes over the MAC address of the failed receiving slave.
395:
387:
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1279:
Proposal to move Link Aggregation to IEEE 802.1 •It is an 802.3 sublayer but it has to go above IEEE Std 802.1x
815:
Many switches are PHY independent, meaning that a switch could have a mixture of copper, SX, LX, LX10 or other
174:
62:
1523:
1091:
3281:
3255:
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1932:
972:
928:
194:
142:
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1989:
1234:
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669:, for example, released Advanced Networking Services (ANS) to bond Intel Fast Ethernet and Gigabit cards.
460:
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57:) of multiple network connections in parallel by any of several methods. Link aggregation increases total
1145:
3222:
2345:
2081:
1201:
829:
213:
993:
Connectify's Speedify fast bonding VPN - software app for multiple platforms: PC, Mac, iOS and Android
2488:
2418:
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1624:
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1108:
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be misleading depending on methodologies used to test throughput after link aggregation is employed.
116:
3131:
3126:
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3116:
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3101:
1875:
IEEE Std 802.1AX-2008 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks — Link Aggregation
1823:
1092:"Experience and Lessons learnt from running High Availability Databases on Network Attached Storage"
1326:"IEEE SA - 802.1AX-2008 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Link Aggregation"
1057:
1033:
862:
391:
46:
1481:
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311:
Maximum number of bundled ports allowed in the port channel: Valid values are usually from 1 to 8.
2370:
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1904:
1501:
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of frames across the network interfaces in the same manner that I/O is striped across disks in a
884:
793:
452:
1329:
209:, hash values computed from fields in the packet header, or a combination of these two methods.
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2919:
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2857:
2852:
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1735:
658:
514:. This mode can cause congestion control issues due to the packet reordering it can introduce.
162:
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Transmit network packets on all slave network interfaces. This mode provides fault tolerance.
2812:
1886:
1563:
1257:
1116:
976:
880:
620:
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in sequential order from the first available NIC slave through the last. This mode provides
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1611:
1436:
825:
676:
511:
476:
357:
186:
1775:
1764:
1121:
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internet connection, to increase connection speed by sharing the load on all interfaces.
356:
Failover occurs automatically: When a link has an intermediate failure, for example in a
1604:
1292:"IEEE 802.3ax (IEEE P802.1AX) Link Aggregation Project Authorization Request (approved)"
1112:
963:
bonding is a type of channel bonding that refers to aggregation of multiple channels at
3096:
2226:
2221:
2141:
2091:
932:
876:
628:
cables to increase backbone speeds for little or no extra cost if ports are available.
529:
503:
287:
232:
190:
185:(e.g. IEEE 802.11) network devices that combine multiple frequency bands. OSI layer 2 (
170:
1914:
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3202:
3146:
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3136:
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2051:
1996:
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824:
on the same physical link (using a hash of either MAC addresses, IP addresses, or IP/
662:
472:
202:
1919:
982:
Other bonding methodologies reside at lower OSI layers, requiring coordination with
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2924:
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2453:
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858:
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182:
31:
27:
Using multiple network connections in parallel to increase capacity and reliability
54:
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2328:
2318:
1576:
1557:
715:
542:). Newer versions allow selection of additional policies based on IP addresses (
521:
198:
65:
where all but one of the physical links may fail without losing connectivity. A
37:
3171:
3166:
2498:
2380:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2283:
1028:
technology, referred to as 108 Mbit/s. It bonds two channels of standard
964:
734:
468:
407:
271:
254:
250:
58:
1396:"Connectify commercializes Speedify channel bonding service - FierceWireless"
3232:
3212:
3070:
2323:
2216:
2211:
2196:
2186:
2176:
2156:
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2046:
2011:
968:
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599:
178:
166:
151:
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array. For this reason, some discussions of channel bonding also refer to
2503:
2275:
2266:
1984:
1974:
1969:
948:
872:
683:
675:
supports teaming with their Nvidia Network Access Manager/Firewall Tool.
231:
in that load balancing divides traffic between network interfaces on per
217:
128:
104:
475:
programmed the original Linux bonding driver. It came into use with the
3227:
3023:
2989:
2938:
2883:
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2743:
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911:
875:
interfaces, channel bonding requires assistance from both the Ethernet
866:
741:
707:
699:
447:(NICs) into a single logical bonded interface of two or more so-called
411:
216:, not all implementations take advantage of this. Most methods provide
135:
17:
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2562:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2191:
2021:
1568:
1021:
967:
at level four or above. Channels bonded can be wired links such as a
703:
672:
619:
Link aggregation offers an inexpensive way to set up a high-capacity
399:
283:
1524:"IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation (LAG) what it is, and what it is not"
335:
Selectable load-balancing mode is available in some implementations
165:
can implement aggregation at any of the lowest three layers of the
2948:
2803:
2338:
2201:
2041:
1856:
1052:
711:
695:
666:
480:
418:
291:
36:
1924:
1845:
989:
Commercial implementations of broadband channel bonding include:
2171:
2036:
2031:
1062:
936:
816:
1928:
1482:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
1226:
253:
working group took up a study group to create an interoperable
99:
Implementation may follow vendor-independent standards such as
730:
719:
844:
configured switch and a device that is configured for LACP.
330:
Keep-alive mechanism for link member: (slow = 30s, fast=1s)
61:
beyond what a single connection could sustain, and provides
344:
Passive: Enables LACP only when an LACP device is detected.
127:
Link aggregation increases the bandwidth and resilience of
947:
Under the DOCSIS 3.0 and 3.1 specifications for data over
76:
Other umbrella terms used to describe the concept include
1872:"Chapter 5.4: Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)".
1734:. ITPro collection. Javvin Technologies Inc. p. 95.
1493:
812:
identical speed (10, 100, 1,000 or 10,000 Mbit/s).
314:
LACP packets are sent with multicast group MAC address
304:
a directly connected device that also implements LACP.
30:"IEEE 802.3ad" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1812:
1590:"Outbound Traffic Distribution Across Trunked Links".
828:
combinations as index) this doesn't cause problematic
563:
IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (802.3ad, LACP)
1090:
Guijarro, Manuel; Ruben Gaspar; et al. (2008).
3195:
3159:
3057:
2797:
2497:
2379:
2274:
2265:
1962:
459:which has the Linux bonding driver integrated as a
1592:Procurve 2910al Management and Configuration Guide
1196:
1194:
443:driver provides a method for aggregating multiple
1788:"Broadband bonding offers high-speed alternative"
900:redundant array of independent network interfaces
975:. Additionally, it is possible to bond multiple
73:) is the combined collection of physical ports.
1835:Viprinet's Multichannel VPN Bonding Technology
931:can be bonded to give higher bandwidth; in the
290:below link aggregation which was defined as an
1005:ComBOX Networks multi-wan bonding as a service
999:Viprinet's Multichannel VPN Bonding Technology
570:Adaptive transmit load balancing (balance-tlb)
41:Link aggregation between a switch and a server
1940:
857:Further information on link aggregation:
8:
1846:Synopi's Natiply Internet Bonding Technology
1014:Further information on channel bonding:
1002:Synopi's Natiply Internet Bonding Technology
406:, ZTE's Smartgroup, Huawei's Eth-Trunk, and
1857:comBOX multi-wan services Broadband bonding
1776:DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Interface Specification
1765:DOCSIS 3.0 Physical Interface Specification
1655:"Norton Internet Security™ - PC Protection"
1552:
1550:
593:addresses for their network packet traffic.
431:, etc. – exist for many operating systems.
2271:
1947:
1933:
1925:
1227:"IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Task Force"
1085:
1083:
718:and commercial Unix distributions such as
1920:Mikrotik link Aggregation / Bonding Guide
1915:IEEE P802.3ad Link Aggregation Task Force
1824:Peplink's SpeedFusion Bonding Technology
1567:
1120:
390:, Juniper's Aggregated Ethernet, AVAYA's
327:LACP packets are transmitted every second
1425:
1423:
1421:
996:Peplink's SpeedFusion Bonding Technology
979:for an aggregated wireless bonded link.
1297:. 2007-03-22. p. 3. Archived from
1079:
227:Channel bonding is differentiated from
1705:"What's New in vSphere 5.1 networking"
1504:from the original on 14 September 2017
1449:"Understanding NIC Bonding with Linux"
169:. Examples of aggregation at layer 1 (
1790:. engineeringbook.net. Archived from
1463:"Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO"
1100:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
577:Adaptive load balancing (balance-alb)
532:. This mode provides fault tolerance.
528:(port) to simplify forwarding in the
404:Distributed Split Multi-Link Trunking
341:Active: Enables LACP unconditionally.
307:LACP Features and practical examples
7:
1237:from the original on 27 October 2017
1024:(Wi-Fi), channel bonding is used in
896:Redundant Array of Inexpensive Nodes
800:Multi-chassis link aggregation group
351:Advantages over static configuration
1635:from the original on 25 April 2016
1605:Intel Advanced Networking Services
1372:"Link aggregation on Dell servers"
567:between two LACP-supporting peers.
524:is externally visible on only one
25:
1665:from the original on 1 April 2017
1594:. Hewlett Packard. February 2009.
1406:from the original on 28 June 2016
299:Link Aggregation Control Protocol
286:security) were positioned in the
260:Link Aggregation Control Protocol
101:Link Aggregation Control Protocol
400:Routed Split Multi-Link Trunking
1685:Windows Management Applications
1536:from the original on 2007-11-29
1270:from the original on 2008-10-07
1208:from the original on 2013-12-07
1156:from the original on 2012-04-19
471:control program pre-installed.
1625:"RandomAdapter: Core Services"
1122:10.1088/1742-6596/119/4/042015
645:Use on network interface cards
1:
1813:Connectify's Speedify Service
1430:The Linux Foundation: Bonding
1107:(4). IOP Publishing: 042015.
1016:Super G (wireless networking)
836:Ethernet aggregation mismatch
517:Active-backup (active-backup)
445:network interface controllers
324:During LACP detection period
1891:10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4668665
1202:"IEEE 802 Trunking Tutorial"
1146:"IEEE 802.3ad Link Bundling"
984:telecommunications companies
546:) and TCP/UDP port numbers (
378:Proprietary link aggregation
112:
108:
1710:. June 2012. Archived from
1032:, which has 54 Mbit/s
910:In analog modems, multiple
205:) in the OSI model can use
3313:
3251:IEEE Standards Association
1885:. 2008-11-03. p. 30.
1883:IEEE Standards Association
1013:
856:
29:
3241:
1728:Jielin Dong, ed. (2007).
1256:Law, David (2006-11-13).
790:split multi-link trunking
451:. The majority of modern
396:Split Multi-Link Trunking
388:Port Aggregation Protocol
1258:"IEEE 802.3 Maintenance"
879:and the host computer's
726:Virtualization platforms
499:Round-robin (balance-rr)
143:single points of failure
3256:Category:IEEE standards
244:Standardization process
1400:www.fiercewireless.com
1068:Spanning Tree Protocol
586:receive load balancing
461:loadable kernel module
207:round-robin scheduling
148:higher level protocols
67:link aggregation group
42:
1910:on February 15, 2010.
1694:, visited 8 July 2012
1629:technet.microsoft.com
1103:. Conference Series.
830:out-of-order delivery
557:Broadcast (broadcast)
239:IEEE link aggregation
214:out-of-order delivery
150:were not designed to
117:proprietary protocols
40:
3297:Network architecture
927:Similarly, multiple
841:Aggregation mismatch
826:transport-layer port
3292:Network performance
1494:"libteam by jpirko"
1113:2008JPhCS.119d2015G
1058:Inverse multiplexer
1034:data signaling rate
863:Multi-link trunking
502:Transmit alternate
453:Linux distributions
392:Multi-Link Trunking
47:computer networking
1731:Network Dictionary
1690:2012-08-01 at the
1610:2007-01-24 at the
1451:. 2 December 2009.
1435:2010-12-28 at the
794:Inter-Switch Trunk
467:(if = interface)
197:in WANs, Ethernet
163:Network architects
53:is the combining (
43:
3287:Bonding protocols
3264:
3263:
3155:
3154:
1900:978-0-7381-5794-8
1384:on 13 March 2012.
659:Microsoft Windows
654:Microsoft Windows
535:XOR (balance-xor)
338:LACP mode :
318:01:80:C2:00:00:02
224:over the latter.
16:(Redirected from
3304:
2272:
1949:
1942:
1935:
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1909:
1903:. Archived from
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881:operating system
731:Citrix XenServer
621:backbone network
615:Network backbone
479:patches for the
321:
320:
141:There are three
111:or the previous
51:link aggregation
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1351:"What Is LACP?"
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807:Same link speed
757:With the modes
755:
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728:
693:
656:
647:
634:
632:Order of frames
617:
612:
512:fault tolerance
504:network packets
477:Beowulf cluster
437:
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369:Practical notes
358:media converter
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187:data link layer
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1866:External links
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1794:on 7 July 2012
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1623:Archiveddocs.
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1204:. 1997-11-11.
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977:cellular links
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691:Linux and UNIX
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229:load balancing
195:multi-link PPP
191:Ethernet frame
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1332:on 2013-08-07
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1304:on 2010-11-16
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1792:the original
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1140:
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1126:. Retrieved
1104:
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1041:IEEE 802.11n
1038:
1019:
988:
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959:
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909:
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888:the delivery
885:
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859:EtherChannel
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485:
483:kernel 2.0.
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457:Linux kernel
455:come with a
449:(NIC) slaves
448:
440:
438:
428:
421:
414:
384:EtherChannel
381:
372:
317:
306:
302:
281:
269:
247:
226:
222:
211:
161:
158:Architecture
140:
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126:
113:IEEE 802.3ad
109:IEEE 802.1AX
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75:
70:
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32:IEEE 802.1ad
2818:legacy mode
1753:throughput.
914:links over
783:balance-alb
779:balance-tlb
763:balance-xor
748:Limitations
716:OpenSolaris
582:balance-tlb
522:MAC address
199:MAC address
193:in LANs or
115:, but also
103:(LACP) for
55:aggregating
3271:Categories
3196:Superseded
2267:802 series
1747:2013-08-07
1540:2007-05-14
1468:2021-11-27
1336:2013-08-13
1308:2018-01-10
1274:2009-08-18
1212:2013-08-13
1184:2019-10-25
1160:2012-03-15
1128:2009-08-17
1074:References
965:OSI layers
759:balance-rr
735:VMware ESX
665:software.
469:user-level
439:The Linux
429:dladm aggr
408:Connectify
272:IEEE 802.3
255:link layer
251:IEEE 802.3
175:power line
173:) include
123:Motivation
90:channeling
63:redundancy
59:throughput
3071:Bluetooth
1683:Broadcom
961:Broadband
956:Broadband
929:DSL lines
767:broadcast
600:userspace
580:includes
465:ifenslave
417:package,
364:behavior.
220:as well.
179:IEEE 1901
167:OSI model
152:fail over
3277:Ethernet
3246:See also
3203:754-1985
3160:Proposed
2504:Ethernet
1990:Revision
1688:Archived
1663:Archived
1633:Archived
1608:Archived
1531:Archived
1502:Archived
1433:Archived
1404:Archived
1265:Archived
1235:Archived
1206:Archived
1154:Archived
1047:See also
973:DSL line
949:cable TV
873:Ethernet
853:Ethernet
848:Examples
684:Broadcom
606:daemon.
552:in order
548:layer3+4
544:layer2+3
492:modprobe
463:and the
424:driver,
262:(LACP).
218:failover
183:wireless
129:Ethernet
105:Ethernet
82:bundling
78:trunking
3187:P1906.1
3048:Wi-Fi 8
3024:Wi-Fi 7
2990:Wi-Fi 6
2939:Wi-Fi 5
2884:Wi-Fi 4
1963:Current
1798:5 April
1356:5 March
1109:Bibcode
1030:802.11g
1026:Super G
912:dial-up
867:802.3ad
771:802.3ad
742:Hyper-V
708:OpenBSD
700:FreeBSD
441:bonding
426:Solaris
422:bonding
278:802.1AX
266:802.3ad
189:, e.g.
136:megabit
94:teaming
86:bonding
18:802.3ad
3091:Zigbee
3059:802.15
2799:802.11
2037:1149.1
1897:
1738:
1022:802.11
943:DOCSIS
906:Modems
892:RAID 0
886:stripe
877:switch
865:, and
781:, and
704:NetBSD
673:Nvidia
540:layer2
488:insmod
284:802.1X
181:) and
177:(e.g.
3182:P1823
3177:P1699
3172:P1619
3167:P1363
2949:WiGig
2813:-1997
2804:Wi-Fi
2513:-1983
2499:802.3
2381:802.1
2257:42010
2252:29148
2247:16326
2242:16085
2237:14764
2232:12207
2227:11073
1908:(PDF)
1879:(PDF)
1715:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1669:9 May
1639:9 May
1534:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
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1410:9 May
1382:(PDF)
1375:(PDF)
1302:(PDF)
1295:(PDF)
1268:(PDF)
1261:(PDF)
1241:9 May
1179:Cisco
1095:(PDF)
1053:FlexE
1010:Wi-Fi
712:macOS
696:Linux
667:Intel
610:Usage
604:teamd
584:plus
481:Linux
419:Linux
292:802.3
3233:1471
3228:1364
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3213:1219
2483:LACP
2222:2050
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2042:1154
2032:1076
2027:1016
2022:1014
2017:1003
1895:ISBN
1800:2013
1736:ISBN
1671:2018
1641:2018
1577:7424
1510:2018
1412:2018
1358:2020
1243:2018
1063:MIMO
937:ADSL
916:POTS
817:GBIC
769:and
733:and
510:and
415:lagg
412:*BSD
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386:and
3208:830
3132:.4z
3127:.4g
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2012:896
2007:829
2002:828
1997:854
1985:754
1980:730
1975:693
1970:488
1887:doi
1574:RFC
1564:doi
1117:doi
1105:119
1039:On
1020:On
971:or
969:T-1
923:DSL
871:On
821:SFP
720:AIX
590:ARP
526:NIC
490:or
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