1002:
724:) have uplink ports. When two nodes having the same type of ports need to be connected, a crossover cable may be required, especially for older equipment. Connecting nodes having different types of ports (i.e., MDI to MDI-X and vice versa) requires a straight-through cable. Thus connecting an end host to a hub or switch requires a straight-through cable. Some older switches and hubs provided a button to allow a port to act as either a normal (regular) or an uplink port, i.e. using MDI-X or MDI pinout, respectively.
879:
538:
400:
652:
576:
476:
362:
614:
438:
3550:
557:
457:
671:
633:
495:
381:
595:
419:
318:
3562:
144:, were standardized in IEEE Std 802.3cg-2019. 10BASE-T1S has its origins in the automotive industry and may be useful in other short-distance applications where substantial electrical noise is present. 10BASE-T1L is a long-distance Ethernet, supporting connections up to 1 km in length. Both of these standards are finding applications implementing the
756:(thinnet), 10BASE-T does not specify the exact type of wiring to be used but instead specifies certain characteristics that a cable must meet. This was done in anticipation of using 10BASE-T in existing twisted-pair wiring systems that did not conform to any specified wiring standard. Some of the specified characteristics are
171:. These cables typically have four pairs of wires for each connection, although early Ethernet used only two of the pairs. Unlike the earlier -T standards, the -T1 interfaces were designed to operate over a single pair of conductors and introduce the use of two new connectors referred to as IEC 63171-1 and IEC 63171-6.
908:
designated for
Ethernet, standardized as IEC 61076-2-109. It is a 12 mm metal screw that houses 4 shielded pairs of pins. Nominal bandwidth is 500 MHz (Cat 6A). The connector family is used in chemically and mechanically harsh environments such as factory automation and transportation. Its
862:
of 100 Ω. The cable must be capable of transmitting 600 MHz for 1000BASE-T1 and 66 MHz for 100BASE-T1. 2.5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, and 10 Gb/s over a 15 m single pair is standardized in 802.3ch-2020. In June 2023, 802.3cy added 25 Gb/s speeds at lengths up to 11 m.
991:
is a network that functions much more slowly than its nominal speed. Duplex mismatch may be inadvertently caused when an administrator configures an interface to a fixed mode (e.g. 100 Mbit/s full-duplex) and fails to configure the remote interface, leaving it set to autonegotiate. Then, when
857:
single-pair
Ethernet (SPE) physical layers are intended for industrial and automotive applications or as optional data channels in other interconnect applications. The distances that single pair operates at full duplex depends on the speed: 1000m (1km) with 802.3cg-2019 10BASE-T1L; 15 m or
727:
Many modern
Ethernet host adapters can automatically detect another computer connected with a straight-through cable and then automatically introduce the required crossover if needed; if neither of the adapters has this capability, then a crossover cable is required. Most newer switches have
2508:
IEC 63171-1 (draft 48B/2783/FDIS, 17 Jan. 2020), Connectors for electrical and electronic equipment—Part 1: Detail specification for 2-way, shielded or unshielded, free and fixed connectors: mechanical mating information, pin assignment and additional requirements for TYPE 1 / Copper LC
697:
termination standards at both ends of the cable. Since these standards differ only in that they swap the positions of the two pairs used for transmitting and receiving, a cable with T568A wiring at one end and T568B wiring at the other results in a crossover cable.
824:
10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX require only two pairs (pins 1–2, 3–6) to operate. Since common
Category 5 cable has four pairs, it is possible to use the spare pairs (pins 4–5, 7–8) in 10- and 100-Mbit/s configurations for other purposes. The spare pairs may be used for
38:
52:
732:
on all ports allowing all connections to be made with straight-through cables. If both devices being connected support 1000BASE-T according to the standards, they will connect regardless of whether a straight-through or crossover cable is used.
2335:
Generally, the higher-speed implementations support the lower-speed standards making it possible to mix different generations of equipment; with the inclusive capability designated 10/100 or 10/100/1000 for connections that support such
803:, −2 V, −1 V, 0 V, +1 V, and +2 V. While +2 V to −2 V may appear at the pins of the line driver, the voltage on the cable is nominally +1 V, +0.5 V, 0 V, −0.5 V and −1 V.
2526:
IEC 63171-6:2020, Connectors for electrical and electronic equipment—Part 6: Detail specification for 2-way and 4-way (data/power), shielded, free and fixed connectors for power and data transmission with frequencies up to
925:
IEC 63171-6 "industrial": This standard defines five 2-pin connectors that differ in their locking mechanisms, and one 4-pin connector with dedicated pins for power. The locking mechanisms range from a metal locking tab to
912:
ix
Industrial: This connector is designed to be small yet strong. It has 10 pins and a different locking mechanism than the modular connector. Standardized as IEC 61076-3-124, its nominal bandwidth is 500 MHz (Cat
858:
49 ft with 100BASE-T1 (link segment type A); up to 40 m or 130 ft using 1000BASE-T1 link segment type B with up to four in-line connectors. Both physical layers require a balanced twisted pair with an
776:
unshielded twisted-pair cable. However, with high-quality cabling, reliable cable runs of 150 meters or longer are often achievable and are considered viable by technicians familiar with the 10BASE-T specification.
195:, developed in January 1987, at 10 megabit per second. Both were developed before the 10BASE-T standard (published in 1990 as IEEE 802.3i) and used different signaling, so they were not directly compatible with it.
3336:
720:
Nodes can have two types of ports: MDI (uplink port) or MDI-X (regular port, 'X' for internal crossover). Hubs and switches have regular ports. Routers, servers and end hosts (e.g.
772:. Cable testers are widely available to check these parameters to determine if a cable can be used with 10BASE-T. These characteristics are expected to be met by 100 meters of 24-
740:
voltages, +2.5 V or −2.5 V. A 100BASE-TX transmitter sends three differential voltages, +1 V, 0 V, or −1 V. Unlike earlier
Ethernet standards using
198:
In 1988, AT&T released StarLAN 10, named for working at 10 Mbit/s. The StarLAN 10 signaling was used as the basis of 10BASE-T, with the addition of
833:(POTS) lines, or for a second 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connection. In practice, great care must be taken to separate these pairs as 10/100-Mbit/s Ethernet equipment
1001:
213:
Twisted-pair cables were already in use for telephone service and were already present in many office buildings, lowering the overall cost of deployment
2439:"PhysicalLayers Specifications and Management Parameters for 10 Mb/s Operation and Associated Power Delivery over a Single Balanced Pair of Conductors"
810:
and also specify a maximum cable length of 100 metres (330 ft). Category 5 cable has since been deprecated and new installations use
Category 5e.
263:
power-down mode and for special, low-power, low-bandwidth applications. 10BASE-T is still supported on most twisted-pair
Ethernet ports with up to
713:) accordingly uses a connector wiring called MDI-X, transmitting on pins 3 and 6 and receiving on pins 1 and 2. These ports are connected using a
837:
the unused pins ("Bob Smith
Termination"). Shared cable is not an option for Gigabit Ethernet as 1000BASE-T requires all four pairs to operate.
3530:
2225:, because one can send a symbol both at the positive and negative peak of the cycle. Exceptions are 10BASE-T where it is equal because it uses
3071:
3046:
2551:
2422:
2778:
3525:
897:, this is the dominant connector. Its fragile locking tab otherwise limits its suitability and durability. Bandwidths supporting up to
3157:
968:
Many different modes of operations (10BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-TX half-duplex, etc.) exist for
Ethernet over
3593:
2984:
2735:
2658:
2632:
927:
792:
2438:
949:
communication. However, half-duplex operation for gigabit speed is not supported by any existing hardware. Higher speed standards,
2886:
1304:
2457:
2366:
By switching link beat on or off, a number of network interface cards at the time could work with either StarLAN 10 or 10BASE-T.
3376:
957:
running at 2.5 to 40 Gbit/s, consequently define only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by
780:
100BASE-TX follows the same wiring patterns as 10BASE-T, but is more sensitive to wire quality and length, due to the higher
2924:
2622:
2310:
153:
256:
3520:
3470:
3465:
3094:
984:
830:
2910:
223:
Using point-to-point links was less prone to failure and greatly simplified troubleshooting compared to a shared bus
3515:
3313:
3000:
2295:
1372:
796:
702:
184:
3505:
3427:
705:(MDI), transmitting on pins 1 and 2 and receiving on pins 3 and 6 to a network device. An infrastructure node (a
537:
399:
3588:
761:
686:
651:
575:
475:
361:
613:
437:
216:
The centralized star topology was also already often in use for telephone service cabling, as opposed to the
3489:
3236:
3200:
2383:
922:
IEC 63171-1 "LC": This is a 2-pin connector with a similar locking tab to the modular connector, if thicker.
276:
98:
83:
2830:
3371:
3150:
2346:
890:
859:
834:
737:
714:
255:
Although 10BASE-T is rarely used as a normal-operation signaling rate today, it is still in wide use with
160:
3251:
867:
2925:"Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 25 Gb/s - Electrical Automotive Ethernet"
878:
3566:
3447:
3422:
3215:
3135:
3121:
129:
992:
the auto-negotiation process fails, half-duplex is assumed by the autonegotiating side of the link.
3598:
3442:
3432:
3412:
3407:
3391:
3298:
3210:
3205:
2803:
2771:
826:
773:
281:
The common names for the standards derive from aspects of the physical media. The leading number (
3308:
3170:
2596:"Yesterday, somebody asked me what I think about LattisNet. Here's what I told him in a nutshell"
2316:
2290:
2218:
1657:
1334:
298:
145:
122:
71:
3554:
3282:
3143:
3067:
3042:
3036:
2980:
2731:
2725:
2654:
2628:
2547:
2541:
2418:
2412:
2300:
1994:
1890:
1838:
1442:
882:
765:
721:
556:
456:
2595:
670:
632:
494:
380:
3417:
3220:
3195:
3185:
2568:
2486:
2305:
2285:
2245:
At shorter cable length, it is possible to use cables of a lower grade than required for 100
2103:
2047:
1942:
1783:
1728:
1685:
1671:
1614:
1560:
1500:
1386:
1318:
1261:
1220:
846:
819:
807:
788:
594:
418:
264:
248:
164:
930:
with screw or push-pull locking. The 4-pin connector is only defined with M8 screw locking.
3484:
3241:
3001:"Configuring and Troubleshooting Ethernet 10/100/1000Mb Half/Full Duplex Auto-Negotiation"
2387:
2354:
2226:
2221:
is the maximum rate at which the signal will complete one cycle. It is typically half the
1247:
988:
977:
973:
710:
3130:
2675:
2485:. 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). IEEE.
1744:
2442:
3479:
3437:
3256:
2463:
2230:
958:
75:
2543:
The triumph of Ethernet: technological communities and the battle for the LAN standard
3582:
3190:
905:
745:
238:
231:
206:
90:
2490:
2379:
969:
706:
694:
505:
329:
244:
227:
217:
2954:
2928:
2648:
2479:
Composite CAN XL-Ethernet Networks for Next-Gen Automotive and Automation Systems
3457:
3261:
2222:
2146:
2056:
1797:
1043:
946:
942:
854:
757:
260:
237:
Mixing different speeds in a single network became possible with the arrival of
3510:
3277:
1852:
1630:
1576:
1516:
1400:
1326:
1008:
Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)
950:
894:
850:
729:
297:
designates twisted-pair cable. Where there are several standards for the same
188:
168:
110:
106:
941:
Ethernet over twisted-pair standards up through Gigabit Ethernet define both
3386:
3381:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3246:
3087:
2141:
2064:
2008:
1956:
1456:
1169:
1038:
954:
769:
741:
192:
118:
114:
37:
2272:
15 m for point-to-point links, 25 m for mixing/multi-tap segments
317:
2943:
104. Power over Data Lines (PoDL) of Single Balanced Twisted-Pair Ethernet
845:
In addition to the more computer-oriented two and four-pair variants, the
690:
form (receive to transmit and transmit to receive) may still be required.
51:
3318:
3166:
2808:
2459:
Why 10BASE-T1S Is the Missing Ethernet Link for Automotive Communications
1904:
781:
717:
so each transmitter talks to the receiver on the other end of the cable.
290:
79:
3366:
3361:
3341:
3125:
2477:
1120:
1066:
962:
800:
753:
749:
301:, they are distinguished by a letter or digit following the T, such as
180:
149:
94:
885:
with an M12X connector in one end and a modular connector in the other
17:
3475:
806:
100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T were both designed to require a minimum of
684:(pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, and so on). In some instances, the
43:
Standard twisted-pair cable usable for most common types of Ethernet
2887:"New 802.3bw Ethernet Auto Standard Leaves LVDS Cables in the Dust"
2476:
Cena, Gianluca; Scanzio, Stefano; Valenzano, Adriano (2023-04-26).
2251:
2205:
Effective bit/s per hertz per lane after loss to encoding overhead
898:
877:
2977:
Gigabit Ethernet: Technology and Applications for High-Speed LANs
251:
or faster could be accomplished by replacing the network switches
209:
addressed several weaknesses of the previous Ethernet standards:
3535:
1301:
893:: For stationary uses in controlled environments, from homes to
321:
57:
3139:
3021:
2872:
1330:
1113:
980:
is required in order to make a working 1000BASE-T connection.
701:
A 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX host uses a connector wiring called
179:
The first two early designs of twisted-pair networking were
2911:"IEEE Std 802.3ch-2020: Multi-Gig Automotive Ethernet PHY"
2727:
Electromagnetic Compatibility: principles and applications
2802:
Nick van Bavel; Phil Callahan; John Chiang (2004-10-25).
2378:
The terms used in the explanations of the 568 standards,
2259:
m or less. Likewise 5GBASE-T is expected to work with Cat
2229:, and 100BASE-TX where it is one quarter because it uses
285:
in 10BASE-T) refers to the transmission speed in Mbit/s.
2569:"User lauds SynOptic system: LattisNet a success on PDS"
2546:. Stanford University Press. pp. 175–176, 255–256.
309:, referring to the encoding method and number of lanes.
795:. Data is encoded using 4D-PAM5; four dimensions using
787:
1000BASE-T uses all four pairs bi-directionally using
125:, then 1, 10 and 40 gigabit per second respectively.
2249:
m. For example, it is possible to use 10GBASE-T on a
2831:"Bob Smith Termination: Is it Correct for Ethernet?"
3498:
3456:
3400:
3329:
3291:
3270:
3229:
3178:
961:, and do not support the traditional shared-medium
2529:. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2020.
2511:. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2020.
27:Ethernet physical layers using twisted-pair cables
3093:. Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. 2001-11-01.
2772:"1000BASE-T Duffer's Guide to Basics and Startup"
277:Ethernet physical layer § Naming conventions
983:When two linked interfaces are set to different
870:(PoDL) can provide up to 50 W to a device.
2201:
2199:
693:Cables for Ethernet may be wired to either the
128:Two new variants of 10 megabit per second
901:cabling are defined for this connector format.
3151:
2653:. Architecture Technology Corporation. 1991.
2624:Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide
2520:
2518:
2502:
2500:
976:are capable of different modes of operation.
8:
2899:IEEE 802.3bw Clause 96 and 802.3bp Clause 97
2213:
2211:
2241:
2239:
163:, and supported cable standards range from
82:computer network. They are a subset of all
3158:
3144:
3136:
2873:"IEEE P802.3bp 1000BASE-T1 PHY Task Force"
2575:. Vol. 4, no. 31. pp. 2, 39
2374:
2372:
1006:
2804:"Voltage-mode line drivers save on power"
909:size is similar to the modular connector.
3038:Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, 2nd ed
2177:
2175:
503:
327:
316:
191:in 1986, at one megabit per second, and
2701:1.2.3 Physical Layer and media notation
2403:
2328:
2171:
202:to quickly indicate connection status.
152:in the automotive space and includes a
148:. 10BASE-T1S is a direct competitor of
121:, supporting speeds of 10 and 100
3131:How to create your own Ethernet Cables
2650:StarLAN Technology Report, 4th Edition
220:required by earlier Ethernet standards
89:Early Ethernet used various grades of
2627:. Fluke Networks. 2002. p. B-4.
2602:. Vol. 2, no. 6. p. 13
7:
3561:
3022:"IEEE P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force"
820:Category 5 cable § Shared cable
3221:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s
2927:. IEEE. 2023-08-11. Archived from
2829:Peterson, Zachariah (2020-10-28).
25:
3041:. Cengage Learning. p. 180.
736:A 10BASE-T transmitter sends two
101:. This led to the development of
3560:
3549:
3548:
3066:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.
2853:IEEE 802.3cg-2019 Clause 146–147
2384:older communication technologies
1000:
916:
669:
650:
631:
612:
593:
574:
555:
536:
493:
474:
455:
436:
417:
398:
379:
360:
205:Using twisted-pair cabling in a
50:
36:
3100:from the original on 2022-10-09
3088:"Introduction To Fast Ethernet"
2909:Maguire, Valerie (2020-06-04).
2784:from the original on 2022-10-09
2730:. CRC Press. pp. 240–242.
2594:W.C. Wise, Ph.D. (March 1989).
2567:Paula Musich (August 3, 1987).
2491:10.1109/wfcs57264.2023.10144116
680:Most Ethernet cables are wired
97:showed the potential of simple
3064:Ethernet: The Definitive Guide
2759:40.1.3 Operation of 1000BASE-T
2414:Ethernet: the definitive guide
2091:PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC
2035:PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC
234:provided a viable upgrade path
1:
3035:Michael Palmer (2012-06-21).
2311:PHY-Level Collision Avoidance
257:network interface controllers
154:PHY-Level Collision Avoidance
3062:Charles E. Spurgeon (2014).
2975:Seifert, Rich (1998). "10".
2441:. IEEE 802.3. Archived from
2411:Charles E. Spurgeon (2000).
919:defines its own connectors:
324:modular plug pin positioning
3122:How to Make a Network Cable
2862:IEEE 802.3bw-2015 Clause 96
2355:telephone industry standard
831:plain old telephone service
703:medium dependent interfaces
3615:
2296:Copper cable certification
987:modes, the effect of this
937:Autonegotiation and duplex
817:
797:pulse-amplitude modulation
293:transmission is used. The
274:
247:, subsequent upgrading to
185:IEEE Standards Association
159:The earlier standards use
68:Ethernet over twisted-pair
3544:
2875:. IEEE 802.3. 2016-07-29.
2680:Walsh Computer Technology
2390:parts of the connections.
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2062:
2006:
1954:
1902:
1850:
1795:
1742:
1683:
1628:
1574:
1514:
1454:
1398:
1340:
1273:
1218:
1168:
1119:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
3594:Physical layer protocols
3471:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
3124:, a how-to article from
2724:David A. Weston (2001).
762:characteristic impedance
84:Ethernet physical layers
835:electrically terminates
768:, and several types of
161:8P8C modular connectors
99:unshielded twisted pair
3216:40 and 100 Gbit/s
2347:8P8C modular connector
1982:64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ
1930:64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ
1878:64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ
891:8P8C modular connector
886:
715:straight-through cable
325:
183:, standardized by the
3211:25 and 50 Gbit/s
3201:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
2540:Urs von Burg (2001).
2388:positive and negative
2263:5e in most use cases.
1846:Automotive, IoT, M2M
1826:PAM-3 80B/81B RS-FEC
1450:Automotive, IoT, M2M
1394:Automotive, IoT, M2M
928:M8 and M12 connectors
881:
868:Power over Data Lines
320:
2386:, and equate to the
2193:× spectral bandwidth
2131:Lanes per direction
1028:Lanes per direction
917:Single-pair Ethernet
3003:. Cisco. 2009-10-28
2313:, used in 10BASE-T1
2161:Cable rating (MHz)
1058:Cable rating (MHz)
1009:
827:power over Ethernet
509:
333:
105:and its successors
72:twisted-pair cables
3171:local area network
2979:. Addison Wesley.
2941:IEEE 802.3bu-2016
2445:on March 18, 2020.
2317:Structured cabling
2291:25-pair color code
2219:spectral bandwidth
1697:TIA/EIA 854 (2001)
1007:
904:M12X: This is the
887:
722:personal computers
508:T568B termination
504:
332:T568A termination
328:
326:
299:transmission speed
230:for more advanced
146:Internet of things
123:megabit per second
3576:
3575:
3428:Energy Efficiency
3283:Ethernet Alliance
3073:978-1-4493-6184-6
3048:978-1-285-40275-8
2553:978-0-8047-4095-1
2424:978-1-56592-660-8
2417:. OReilly Media.
2301:Ethernet extender
2168:
2167:
2155:Max distance (m)
2111:LAN, Data Centre
1052:Max distance (m)
766:propagation delay
678:
677:
502:
501:
226:Exchanging cheap
70:technologies use
16:(Redirected from
3606:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3551:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3092:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2955:"ix Industrial®"
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2931:on May 16, 2022.
2921:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2721:
2715:
2713:40.1.4 Signaling
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2408:
2391:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2349:is often called
2343:
2337:
2333:
2306:Network isolator
2286:Classic Ethernet
2273:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2234:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2189:× bits per hertz
2188:
2184:
2179:
2152:Bandwidth (MHz)
2072:
2067:
2016:
2011:
1964:
1959:
1912:
1907:
1860:
1855:
1823:
1805:
1800:
1752:
1747:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1638:
1633:
1584:
1579:
1547:Half-duplex only
1542:
1524:
1519:
1487:Half-duplex only
1482:
1464:
1459:
1427:
1408:
1403:
1368:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1228:
1223:
1178:
1128:
1077:
1049:Bandwidth (MHz)
1010:
1004:
974:network adapters
959:network switches
866:Similar to PoE,
808:category 5 cable
799:(PAM) with five
682:straight-through
673:
654:
635:
616:
597:
578:
559:
540:
510:
497:
478:
459:
440:
421:
402:
383:
364:
334:
265:Gigabit Ethernet
249:Gigabit Ethernet
130:Ethernet over a
54:
40:
21:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3589:Ethernet cables
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3540:
3494:
3452:
3396:
3325:
3287:
3266:
3242:Autonegotiation
3225:
3191:100 Mbit/s
3174:
3164:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2889:. 8 April 2016.
2885:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2674:Ohland, Louis.
2673:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2612:(Advertisement)
2605:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2237:
2227:Manchester code
2216:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2149:per lane (MBd)
2137:
2135:
2128:Pairs required
2125:Speed (Mbit/s)
2070:
2063:
2014:
2007:
1962:
1955:
1910:
1903:
1858:
1851:
1821:
1803:
1796:
1750:
1743:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1636:
1629:
1582:
1575:
1540:
1522:
1515:
1480:
1462:
1455:
1425:
1406:
1399:
1366:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1226:
1219:
1176:pre 802.3i-1990
1174:
1126:
1075:
1046:per lane (MBd)
1034:
1032:
1025:Pairs required
1022:Speed (Mbit/s)
998:
989:duplex mismatch
978:Autonegotiation
939:
876:
843:
829:(PoE), for two
822:
816:
789:hybrid circuits
752:(thicknet) and
315:
279:
273:
177:
156:scheme (PLCA).
93:, but in 1984,
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
55:
46:
45:
44:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3558:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Physical layer
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:10 Gbit/s
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:10 Mbit/s
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3117:
3116:External links
3114:
3111:
3110:
3079:
3072:
3054:
3047:
3027:
3013:
2992:
2985:
2967:
2946:
2934:
2916:
2901:
2892:
2878:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2821:
2794:
2762:
2750:
2736:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2666:
2659:
2640:
2633:
2614:
2586:
2559:
2552:
2532:
2514:
2496:
2468:
2464:Analog Devices
2456:Fionn Hurley,
2448:
2430:
2423:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2368:
2359:
2338:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2265:
2235:
2231:MLT-3 encoding
2207:
2195:
2181:Transfer speed
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1737:Market failure
1734:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1623:Market failure
1620:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1569:Market failure
1566:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1509:Market failure
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
997:
994:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
931:
923:
914:
910:
902:
875:
872:
842:
839:
815:
812:
695:T568A or T568B
676:
675:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:
610:
607:
604:
600:
599:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
572:
569:
566:
562:
561:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
534:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
500:
499:
491:
488:
485:
481:
480:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
434:
431:
428:
424:
423:
415:
412:
409:
405:
404:
396:
393:
390:
386:
385:
377:
374:
371:
367:
366:
358:
355:
352:
348:
347:
344:
341:
338:
314:
311:
272:
269:
253:
252:
241:
235:
232:switching hubs
224:
221:
214:
176:
173:
76:physical layer
56:
49:
48:
47:
42:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3611:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:Organizations
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:1 Gbit/s
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3028:
3024:. IEEE 802.3.
3023:
3017:
3014:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2986:0-201-18553-9
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2780:
2773:
2770:Steve Prior.
2766:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2739:
2737:0-8247-8889-3
2733:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2660:9781483285054
2656:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2634:1-58713-800-X
2630:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2574:
2573:Network World
2570:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2336:combinations.
2332:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2266:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2148:
2143:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1771:TCM 4D-PAM-5
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1045:
1040:
1011:
1005:
1003:
995:
993:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
936:
929:
924:
921:
920:
918:
915:
911:
907:
906:M12 connector
903:
900:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
880:
873:
871:
869:
864:
861:
856:
852:
848:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
821:
813:
811:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:coaxial cable
743:
739:
734:
731:
725:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
696:
691:
689:
688:
683:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
634:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
596:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
563:
558:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:white/orange
539:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:
507:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
458:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
406:
403:white/orange
401:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
363:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
345:
342:
339:
336:
335:
331:
323:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:denotes that
288:
284:
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
243:Depending on
242:
240:
239:Fast Ethernet
236:
233:
229:
228:repeater hubs
225:
222:
219:
215:
212:
211:
210:
208:
207:star topology
203:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:coaxial cable
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
59:
53:
39:
30:
19:
3565:
3553:
3458:Transceivers
3401:Applications
3304:Twisted pair
3303:
3252:Flow control
3173:technologies
3102:. Retrieved
3082:
3063:
3057:
3037:
3030:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
2995:
2976:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2949:
2942:
2937:
2929:the original
2919:
2904:
2895:
2881:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:
2824:
2813:. Retrieved
2807:
2797:
2786:. Retrieved
2765:
2758:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2726:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:
2676:"3Com 3C523"
2669:
2649:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:CIO Magazine
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2572:
2562:
2542:
2535:
2527:600 MHz
2525:
2507:
2478:
2471:
2458:
2451:
2443:the original
2433:
2413:
2406:
2380:tip and ring
2362:
2350:
2341:
2331:
2268:
2071:802.3bq-2016
2015:802.3bq-2016
1963:802.3an-2006
1911:802.3bz-2016
1859:802.3bz-2016
1804:802.3bp-2016
1751:802.3ab-1999
1736:
1692:802.3ab-1999
1622:
1568:
1546:
1508:
1486:
1407:802.3bw-2015
1348:802.3cg-2019
1281:802.3cg-2019
1208:voice grade
1175:
1158:voice grade
1107:voice grade
1070:
999:
982:
970:twisted pair
967:
940:
883:Cat 6A cable
865:
844:
823:
814:Shared cable
805:
786:
779:
738:differential
735:
726:
719:
700:
692:
685:
681:
679:
655:white/brown
579:white/green
506:ANSI/TIA-568
479:white/brown
365:white/green
330:ANSI/TIA-568
306:
302:
294:
286:
282:
280:
254:
245:cable grades
218:bus topology
204:
199:
197:
178:
158:
141:
137:
134:twisted pair
131:
127:
102:
88:
67:
66:
29:
3448:Synchronous
3423:Data center
2757:IEEE 802.3
2711:IEEE 802.3
2699:IEEE 802.3
2382:, refer to
2255:cable of 55
2223:symbol rate
2147:Symbol rate
2138:(bit/s/Hz)
2057:Data Centre
1995:Cat 6A
1891:Cat 5e
1839:Cat 6A
1798:1000BASE-T1
1686:1000BASE‑TX
1656:4B5B MLT-3
1637:802.3u-1995
1602:LFSR PAM-5
1583:802.3y-1997
1545:8B6T PAM-3
1523:802.3u-1995
1463:802.12-1995
1443:Cat 5e
1430:4B3B PAM-3
1227:802.3i-1990
1127:802.3e-1988
1076:802.3e-1987
1044:Symbol rate
1035:(bit/s/Hz)
972:, and most
965:operation.
947:half-duplex
943:full-duplex
895:datacenters
855:1000BASE-T1
841:Single-pair
758:attenuation
617:white/blue
441:white/blue
261:wake-on-LAN
189:IEEE 802.3e
136:, known as
3599:Local loop
3583:Categories
3499:Interfaces
3433:Industrial
3413:Automotive
3392:Long Reach
3314:First mile
3278:IEEE 802.3
3169:family of
3104:2018-08-25
3007:2015-02-15
2960:13 January
2840:2022-05-14
2835:altium.com
2815:2022-08-30
2788:2011-02-18
2398:References
2136:efficiency
2104:Cat 8
2048:Cat 8
1943:Cat 6
1853:2.5GBASE-T
1784:Cat 5
1745:1000BASE‑T
1729:Cat 6
1672:Cat 5
1631:100BASE-TX
1615:Cat 3
1577:100BASE-T2
1561:Cat 3
1517:100BASE-T4
1501:Cat 3
1401:100BASE-T1
1387:Cat 5
1342:10BASE-T1L
1327:Automotive
1319:Cat 5
1275:10BASE-T1S
1262:Cat 3
1033:efficiency
951:2.5GBASE-T
874:Connectors
851:100BASE-T1
818:See also:
793:cancellers
748:, such as
730:auto MDI-X
275:See also:
169:Category 8
165:Category 3
142:10BASE-T1L
138:10BASE-T1S
111:1000BASE-T
107:100BASE-TX
3387:LattisNet
3382:100BaseVG
3357:10BASE-FL
3352:10BASE-FB
3347:10BROAD36
3247:EtherType
2142:Line code
2134:Data rate
2119:Standard
2065:40GBASE-T
2009:25GBASE-T
1957:10GBASE-T
1701:obsolete
1587:obsolete
1527:obsolete
1467:obsolete
1457:100BaseVG
1315:15 or 25
1181:obsolete
1170:LattisNet
1131:obsolete
1080:obsolete
1039:Line code
1031:Data rate
1016:Standard
955:40GBASE-T
860:impedance
847:10BASE-T1
782:bit rates
770:crosstalk
742:broadband
687:crossover
200:link beat
193:LattisNet
119:40GBASE-T
115:10GBASE-T
3555:Category
3330:Historic
3319:10G-EPON
3167:Ethernet
3095:Archived
2809:EE Times
2779:Archived
2743:June 11,
2606:June 11,
2579:June 10,
2353:after a
2280:See also
2076:current
2073:(CL113)
2020:current
2017:(CL113)
1967:current
1915:current
1905:5GBASE-T
1863:current
1808:current
1756:current
1641:current
1412:current
1353:current
1286:current
1221:10BASE-T
996:Variants
801:voltages
291:baseband
103:10BASE-T
80:Ethernet
74:for the
3567:Commons
3418:Carrier
3367:10BASE2
3362:10BASE5
3342:StarLAN
3337:CSMA/CD
3309:Coaxial
3230:General
3126:wikiHow
2685:1 April
2185:= lanes
2122:Status
2079:40,000
2023:25,000
1970:10,000
1753:(CL40)
1409:(CL96)
1232:legacy
1229:(CL14)
1121:StarLAN
1067:StarLAN
1019:Status
963:CSMA/CD
754:10BASE2
750:10BASE5
560:orange
460:orange
313:Cabling
267:speed.
181:StarLAN
175:History
95:StarLAN
3476:XENPAK
3262:Jumbos
3257:Frames
3179:Speeds
3070:
3045:
2983:
2734:
2657:
2631:
2550:
2421:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2164:Usage
2158:Cable
2108:2,000
2097:1,600
2094:3,200
2052:2,000
2041:1,000
2038:2,000
1918:5,000
1866:2,500
1811:1,000
1759:1,000
1716:PAM-5
1704:1,000
1665:31.25
1383:1,000
1071:1BASE5
1061:Usage
1055:Cable
985:duplex
953:up to
711:switch
674:brown
636:green
522:Color
498:brown
384:green
346:Color
271:Naming
150:CAN XL
132:single
78:of an
18:802.3i
3531:XGMII
3443:Power
3438:Metro
3408:Audio
3377:FOIRL
3299:Fiber
3292:Media
3098:(PDF)
3091:(PDF)
2782:(PDF)
2775:(PDF)
2509:style
2483:(PDF)
2323:Notes
2252:Cat 6
2116:Name
2088:6.25
2055:LAN,
2032:6.25
1979:6.25
1927:6.25
1875:6.25
1777:62.5
1658:NRZ-I
1608:12.5
1554:12.5
1485:5B6B
1436:37.5
1380:3.75
1373:PAM-3
1371:4B3T
1312:12.5
1269:LAN
1155:~100
1013:Name
899:Cat 8
774:gauge
709:or a
666:ring
628:ring
598:blue
590:ring
552:ring
490:ring
452:ring
422:blue
414:ring
376:ring
3536:XAUI
3526:GMII
3466:GBIC
3068:ISBN
3043:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2962:2022
2745:2011
2732:ISBN
2687:2015
2655:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2608:2011
2581:2011
2548:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2351:RJ45
2345:The
2217:The
2002:LAN
1999:500
1991:100
1988:400
1985:800
1950:LAN
1947:250
1939:100
1936:200
1933:400
1898:LAN
1895:100
1887:100
1884:100
1881:200
1843:500
1832:375
1829:750
1791:LAN
1788:100
1780:100
1774:125
1733:250
1725:100
1722:125
1719:250
1679:LAN
1676:100
1668:100
1662:125
1653:3.2
1644:100
1611:100
1590:100
1557:100
1530:100
1497:100
1470:100
1447:100
1415:100
1377:7.5
1302:4B5B
1298:0.8
1258:100
1214:LAN
1211:~12
1205:100
1164:LAN
1161:~12
1123:-10
1110:~12
1104:250
945:and
913:6A).
853:and
791:and
744:and
647:tip
609:tip
571:tip
533:tip
519:Wire
516:Pair
471:tip
433:tip
395:tip
357:tip
343:Wire
340:Pair
322:8P8C
287:BASE
140:and
117:and
60:plug
58:8P8C
3521:MII
3516:MDI
3511:EAD
3506:AUI
3490:CFP
3485:XFP
3372:MAU
2487:doi
2100:30
2044:30
1835:40
1820:2.6
1619:16
1605:25
1565:16
1551:25
1539:2.6
1505:16
1494:15
1491:30
1479:1.6
1439:15
1433:75
1424:2.6
1391:20
1365:2.6
1356:10
1335:M2M
1331:IoT
1323:25
1309:25
1305:DME
1289:10
1266:16
1255:10
1252:10
1235:10
1202:10
1199:10
1196:PE
1184:10
1152:10
1149:10
1146:PE
1134:10
1114:LAN
1095:PE
1069:-1
707:hub
513:Pin
337:Pin
305:or
259:in
187:as
167:to
3585::
3480:X2
2833:.
2806:.
2777:.
2678:.
2598:.
2571:.
2517:^
2499:^
2462:,
2371:^
2238:^
2210:^
2198:^
2174:^
2085:4
2082:4
2029:4
2026:4
1976:4
1973:4
1924:4
1921:4
1872:4
1869:4
1817:1
1814:1
1768:4
1765:4
1762:4
1713:4
1710:2
1707:4
1650:1
1647:2
1599:4
1596:2
1593:2
1536:3
1533:4
1476:4
1473:4
1421:1
1418:1
1362:1
1359:1
1333:,
1329:,
1295:1
1292:1
1248:PE
1244:1
1241:1
1238:2
1193:1
1190:1
1187:2
1143:1
1140:1
1137:2
1101:1
1098:1
1092:1
1089:1
1086:2
1083:1
849:,
784:.
764:,
760:,
307:T4
303:TX
283:10
113:,
109:,
86:.
3478:/
3159:e
3152:t
3145:v
3107:.
3076:.
3051:.
3010:.
2989:.
2964:.
2913:.
2843:.
2818:.
2791:.
2747:.
2689:.
2663:.
2637:.
2610:.
2583:.
2556:.
2493:.
2489::
2427:.
2357:.
2233:.
1822:6
1694:,
1541:6
1481:6
1426:6
1367:6
663:4
660:8
644:4
641:7
625:3
622:6
606:1
603:5
587:1
584:4
568:3
565:3
549:2
546:2
530:2
527:1
487:4
484:8
468:4
465:7
449:2
446:6
430:1
427:5
411:1
408:4
392:2
389:3
373:3
370:2
354:3
351:1
295:T
20:)
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