361:
552:
592:). Not only were the RAF and Royal Artillery radar stations blinded, but communications broke down between the two services and defensive fire only began as the first bombs fell. The guns claimed two or three bombers shot down. The bombers had been aided by the port working under full lighting, and the damage to shipping and stores was increased by the explosion of an ammunition vessel. Further attacks on 13/14 December and 31December/1 January were less successful and the raiders' casualties from AA fire were heavier (2 out of 21 and 4 out of 17 respectively).
596:
625:
exceeding 3000 rounds. The brigade's HAA batteries were also on call for counter-mortar (CM) shoots. From the Rapido XIII Corps fought its way up
Highway 6 on a narrow front and with a long 'tail'. 12 AA Brigade found itself stretched along 80 miles (130 km) of road and competing for road space. Each division along the column had one HAA battery assigned to its divisional artillery. After the capture of Rome on 4 June, 12 AA Bde was switched to Eighth Army on the
298:
237:
65:
82:
41:
498:
on 19 July, taking over responsibility for the harbour, which was also heavily attacked, while 2 AA Bde moved up the coast. 97th HAA Regiment remained with 73 AA Bde at
Augusta, claiming four Category 1 'kills' and two 'probables' for 3164 rounds fired. On another occasion a Troop shot down a hostile
624:
valley along
Highway 6. Enemy aircraft were active, but mainly in low-level strafing and bombing, which were targets for LAA guns. The HAA guns were heavily involved in the Corps' fireplan for the crossing, and the nine HAA batteries with 12 AA Bde fired 32,875 rounds between them, some 4-gun Troops
351:
Manning AA positions during the Blitz was dangerous and arduous work. The HAA guns were in action night after night and often during the day as well, as the
Luftwaffe directed 71 major raids against London between September 1940 and May 1941. 97th HAA Regiment remained with 48 AA Bde throughout this
523:
fell, and sent forward 298 HAA Bty of 97th HAA Rgt to support XIII Corps, firing across the straits with its 3.7-inch guns in the medium artillery role. The crossing was to be made with a variety of landing craft and these required AA protection as did the assembly and embarkation points and supply
343:
and from now on London became the main target, by day and night. On 9 September an afternoon raid coming in over the South Coast was heavily attacked by the RAF, but some bombers came over Surrey to London to be engaged by 48 AA Bde. By now the number of HAA guns available in the IAZ had doubled to
276:
or heavier guns, including 97th, were designated Heavy AA (HAA) regiments to distinguish them from the new Light AA (LAA) units being formed. By
September 1940, 48 AA Bde controlled 28 gunsites (five still unoccupied) to the south and south-east of London as part of the London Inner Artillery Zone
660:
was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious air attacks were rare. At the same time the
British Army was suffering a severe manpower shortage. The result was that a number of AA units were deemed surplus and were disbanded to provide reinforcements to other arms of
344:
almost 200. Between 11 and 15 September, massed daylight aids approached London, but running battles with RAF fighters broke up most of the raids before they reached the IAZ. The Battle of
Britain had been won, but from now on London would be bombed continuously by night in what became known as
531:
or 'bricks' (Nos 32–34) were allocated to control the landings, and 2 AA Bde allotted one troop (4 x 3.7-inch guns) of 97th HAA Rgt to each brick. After an extensive bombardment, XIII Corps began landing during the night of 2/3 September. There was little serious ground resistance, but enemy
248:'s TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA gun positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. The new regiment mobilised as part of
607:
grew weaker and AA defence requirements diminished, freeing the versatile 3.7-inch HAA guns for other roles. They were frequently used as medium artillery in support of the ground campaign in the mountainous terrain. In the spring of 1944, 97th HAA Rgt was sent to reinforce
644:
under Eighth Army. The brigade's LAA regiments were deployed as infantry while its HAA regiments were now entirely committed to ground targets. During the battle of the Gothic Line each regiment fired an average of over 11,000 rounds in ground support, the tasks including
271:
continued into 1940 there was little action, but AA Command's units trained hard while reinforcements and new equipment came in. 97th HAA Regiment formed a new 319 AA Bty within the regiment on 1 April 1940. On 1 June, AA units equipped with
563:
by 30 September, where it was reinforced. 62 AA Brigade HQ arrived on 2 October and took over responsibility for Bari, including 97th HAA Rgt, when 2 AA Bde moved on. Bari was an important supply port for Eighth Army and was targeted by the
544:, 2 AA Bde following up to cover the small harbours and airfields, and being rejoined by 298/97 HAA Bty from Messina. In late September the brigade was warned to concentrate for a long move across Italy to defend the captured
489:
were suffering dive-bombing and strafing attacks by day, and high level bombing by night and day. After the landings, Eighth Army made rapid progress up the east coast of Sicily and the follow-up AA forces began to land.
1535:
384:
to form a new 471 HAA Bty on 7 August 1941, but this battery was disbanded before being assigned to a regiment. The regiment provided another cadre to form 514 (Mixed) HAA Bty at 207th HAA Training Rgt at
1545:
1525:
716:
712:
1540:
661:
service. Other units remained intact but retrained as infantry for garrison duties in the rear areas. 97th HAA Regiment with 298, 299 and 319 HAA Btys was converted on 6 November 1944 into
540:
bombed the harbour and attacked the AA positions: 319/97 HAA Bty had a command post destroyed, suffering nine dead and eight wounded. XIII Corps worked cautiously and methodically through
793:
The regiment's old number was taken by the war-formed 150th HAA Rgt, which was reformed in the
Regular Army as 97 HAA Rgt on 1 April 1947, though it was disbanded the following year.
431:
on 10 July 1942, reducing the regiment to the three-battery establishment for overseas service. It left 5 AA Bde in August, and left AA Command altogether in
November, coming under
536:
on 4 September and by 5 September the brigade was fully deployed with 299/97 and 319/97 HAA Btys defending the beaches. There was only one raid of importance on Reggio, when four
524:
dumps. 2 AA Brigade left 298/97 HAA Bty and two LAA batteries to defend these areas, while it embarked with the rest of 97th HAA Rgt and a number of other units for the landing.
207:
the London
Scottish gained enough recruits to form not one but two additional battalions; the extra battalion was formed as an AA unit. It was organised on 1 April 1939 at the
727:
428:
705:
1530:
735:
335:
reached the edge of the London IAZ: on both days the raids were engaged by the guns. The docks were again bombed on 7 September, one bomber stream coming in over
609:
413:
405:
253:
474:
636:
positions. 97th HAA Regiment transferred back to 2 AA Bde whose units were widely distributed, some supporting XIII Corps with Fifth Army, others with
653:
shoots against entrenched positions, and destruction of hard targets such as buildings. The regiments suffered some casualties from retaliatory fire.
446:
473:
97th HAA Regiment was not in the assault waves for the landings on Sicily (Operation Husky) on 10 July, but came ashore soon afterwards to reinforce
417:
768:
In 1953, following its adoption by the Borough of Hammersmith, 497 HAA Rgt was authorised to wear the coat of arms of the borough as an arm badge.
1382:
1163:
1036:
1087:
Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 22 November 1942, TNA file WO 212/8.
1414:
1048:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/80.
1078:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/82.
697:
569:
282:
1060:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81.
1485:
1470:
1451:
1432:
1398:
1375:
1360:
1345:
881:
166:
85:
404:, responsible for west and south-west London, including a number of aircraft factories. In March 1942 the regiment moved again, to
711:
When AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955 there were wholesale mergers among its units. 497th HAA Regiment amalgamated with
532:
aircraft were active and the beaches were dive-bombed. The landing programme went smoothly, the AA batteries reached the town of
491:
401:
249:
189:, both in the anti-aircraft (AA) and medium artillery roles. The regiment continued in the postwar TA until amalgamated in 1955.
1223:
390:
360:
151:
499:
aircraft at 9,800 feet (3,000 m) with 20 rounds. The regiment returned to 2 AA Bde at the end of the campaign in Sicily.
186:
394:
427:
However, by now 97th HAA Rgt had been earmarked for service overseas. This process began when 376 HAA Bty transferred to
17:
1502:
507:
After the remaining Axis forces evacuated Sicily, Eighth Army regrouped to invade mainland Italy. The opening phase was
458:
1255:
599:
A 3.7-inch gun of 97th (London Scottish) HAA Regiment bombarding enemy positions on the Gothic Line, 2 September 1944.
573:
516:
302:
208:
551:
198:
174:
462:
182:
147:
1006:
995:
966:
944:
739:
731:
637:
519:
supported by 2 AA Bde. Brigade HQ began reconnoitring sites to cover the operation on 18 August, the day after
933:
955:
922:
750:
The regiment was allowed to retain the London Scottish cap badge and service dress (Highland pattern jacket,
1175:
2 AA Brigade, 'History of the Italian Campaign for the Period August 1944–April 1945', TNA file WO 204/7240.
758:
595:
545:
581:
454:
784:
Although apparently used, the London Scottish subtitle was not officially authorised until December 1941.
245:
111:
646:
373:
632:
Over the next six months, the army advanced only 100 miles (160 km), finally reaching the main
1338:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941
762:
1459:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East
1440:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East
1387:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East
1035:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941,
352:
period, and was strengthened when 376 HAA Bty was formed within the regiment on 15 October 1940.
689:
486:
278:
220:
1481:
1466:
1447:
1428:
1410:
1394:
1371:
1356:
1341:
537:
512:
508:
320:
297:
139:
676:
610 (London Scottish) Rgt passed into suspended animation in November–December 1945 at Bari.
577:
478:
377:
273:
1444:
The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and the Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944
1333:
641:
533:
495:
328:
316:
257:
236:
115:
81:
1507:
1284:
617:
381:
332:
286:
70:
1519:
613:
204:
169:(TA) formed during the period of international tension leading up to the outbreak of
528:
170:
1465:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004,
1446:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1973/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004,
1393:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004,
400:
By December 1941 the regiment had transferred from 48 AA Bde to the neighbouring
244:
In June 1939, as the international situation worsened, a partial mobilisation of
751:
693:
633:
212:
129:
125:
684:
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 610 Regiment was reformed as
432:
409:
324:
268:
223:. It consisted of Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) and 298 and 299 AA Batteries.
650:
345:
311:
178:
143:
1478:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55
40:
331:
on the outskirts of London were heavily bombed and next day a raid up the
726:
A further round of mergers on 1 May 1961 saw 452 HAA Rgt amalgamate with
626:
541:
1497:
1425:
The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
163:
97th (The London Scottish) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
520:
482:
386:
339:
and being engaged by 48 AA Bde. This marked a change in tactics by the
1340:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996,
380:
of experienced officers and other ranks to 209th HAA Training Rgt at
336:
673:, with A–E Btys, serving in various roles until the end of the war.
376:), but AA Command continued to expand. 97th HAA Regiment supplied a
319:(RAF) airfields and radar stations in south east England during the
649:(CB), defensive fire (DF) and harassing fire (HF) shoots, but also
555:
Allied shipping burns after the 2/3 December 1944 air raid on Bari.
594:
550:
359:
296:
235:
576:
guns and searchlights. On the night of 2/3 December there was an
420:, which had been brought in to reinforce 5th AA Division against
1463:
Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I: 1st April to 4th June 1944
754:
696:, without any London Scottish connection. It was adopted by the
621:
560:
217:
3rd Battalion, The London Scottish (97th Anti-Aircraft Regiment)
1391:
Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I|: June to October 1944
277:(IAZ). Its regiments manned a mixture of static and mobile
372:
units were transferred for the German invasion of Russia (
18:
97th (London Scottish) Garrison Regiment, Royal Artillery
1536:
Military units and formations in the City of Westminster
1480:, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994,
173:. It was raised as a duplicate battalion by the famous
572:
as well as LAA guns and searchlights, supplemented by
424:
hit-and-run attacks along the South Coast of England.
1546:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
1526:
Heavy anti-aircraft regiments of the Royal Artillery
393:. ('Mixed' units were those into which women of the
323:, 48 AA Bde was hardly involved, but on 1 September
1409:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press.
256:defending London. The regiment was embodied in the
135:
121:
107:
99:
91:
76:
58:
50:
31:
702:497 (Hammersmith) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
568:. It was allocated 32 x 3.7-inch guns of 97th and
1541:Military units and formations established in 1939
1298:
1296:
1233:
1231:
1370:, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984,
831:
829:
669:. Then on 13 February 1945 it was redesignated
1355:, Vol I, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984,
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
389:on 26 January 1942; this battery later joined
1407:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945
1368:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
1353:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
1162:'The History of HQ 12 AA Brigade 1939–1945',
882:AA Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files.
686:497 (London) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
8:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
667:97th (London Scottish) Garrison Regiment, RA
559:2 AA Brigade reached Foggia and the port of
671:610 (London Scottish) Infantry Regiment, RA
240:Cap Badge of the Royal Artillery (pre-1953)
1113:
1111:
1105:Routledge, pp. 262–5; Table XLII, p. 267.
1056:
1054:
262:97th (The London Scottish) AA Regiment, RA
203:When the TA was doubled in size after the
39:
1144:Molony, Vol VI, Pt I, pp. 76, 104–9, 166.
900:
898:
447:Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
435:control with the following organisation:
219:and like its parent was a TA unit of the
742:, when R (Hammersmith) Bty disappeared.
453:In early 1943 the regiment left for the
1531:Military units and formations in London
1224:474–519 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on
1219:
1217:
805:
777:
477:in the south-east of the island, where
364:Static 4.5-inch HAA gun and crew, 1941.
165:, was an air defence unit of Britain's
32:97th (London Scottish) HAA Regiment, RA
1256:96–99 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
481:harbour and the captured airfields at
285:guns, but only half the sites yet had
28:
765:they were badged as Royal Artillery.
368:The Blitz ended in mid-May 1941 when
301:Mobile 3.7-inch HAA gun preserved at
7:
1427:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992,
698:Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith
580:by 88 bombers covered by clouds of
1202:Jackson, Vol VI, Pt II, pp. 371–2.
177:. The unit defended London during
34:497 (Hammersmith) HAA Regiment, RA
25:
1503:Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
977:Routledge, Table LXII, p. 379–80.
723:in the new 452 (London) HAA Rgt.
215:, with the provisional title of
1164:The National Archives (TNA), Kew
1037:The National Archives (TNA), Kew
835:Frederick, pp. 152, 756–60, 779.
665:, shortly afterwards designated
80:
63:
45:Cap badge of the London Scottish
1498:British Army units from 1945 on
1275:Routledge, Table LXXIV, p. 441.
603:As the campaign progressed the
570:76th (Gloucestershire) HAA Rgts
1211:Routledge, Table XLIV, p. 293.
1126:Molony, Vol V, pp. 413–4, 561.
740:254 (City of London) Field Rgt
1:
1026:Routledge, Table LXV, p. 396.
620:river and the advance up the
511:, an assault crossing of the
395:Auxiliary Territorial Service
892:Routledge, Table LX, p. 378.
54:1 April 1939 – 10 March 1955
719:, with 497 HAA Rgt forming
303:Imperial War Museum Duxford
293:Battle of Britain and Blitz
232:Mobilisation and Phoney War
1562:
1135:Routledge, pp. 274–5, 281.
700:in 1950–51 and renamed as
209:London Scottish Drill Hall
199:London Scottish (regiment)
196:
1510:The Territorial Army 1947
1096:Joslen, pp. 466–7, 484–5.
872:Routledge, pp. 65–6, 371.
717:453/488 (London) HAA Rgts
463:Allied invasion of Sicily
445:97 HAA Workshop Section,
416:. In June it switched to
148:Allied invasion of Sicily
38:
1423:Norman E.H. Litchfield,
616:for the crossing of the
175:London Scottish Regiment
1405:Joslen, H. F. (2003) .
1266:Litchfield, Appendix 5.
1007:Collier, Appendix XXXI.
996:Collier, Appendix XXVI.
967:Collier, Appendix XXIV.
945:Collier, Appendix XXII.
736:353 (London) Medium Rgt
721:R (Hammersmith) Battery
546:Foggia Airfield Complex
287:GL Mk I gunlaying radar
211:at 59 Buckingham Gate,
1117:Routledge, pp. 269–70.
986:Routledge, pp. 387–95.
934:Collier, Appendix XIV.
923:Collier, Chapter XIII.
600:
556:
442:298, 299, 319 HAA Btys
365:
306:
241:
1476:Brig N.W. Routledge,
1287:Territorial Army 1947
1069:Routledge, pp. 401–2.
913:Routledge, pp. 383–6.
746:Uniforms and insignia
704:, It formed part of
598:
554:
455:North African theatre
391:151st (Mixed) HAA Rgt
363:
300:
246:Anti-Aircraft Command
239:
112:Anti-Aircraft Command
1457:Brig C.J.C. Molony,
956:Collier, Chapter XV.
759:Tam O'Shanter bonnet
734:Field Regiments and
732:290 (City of London)
374:Operation Barbarossa
1438:Brig C.J.C. Molony,
1320:Litchfield, p. 150.
1302:Litchfield, p. 164.
1237:Frederick, p. 1018.
1166:, file WO 204/7254.
863:Litchfield, p. 167.
612:with XIII Corps in
181:and then served in
1366:J.B.M. Frederick,
1351:J.B.M. Frederick,
1311:Frederick, p 1015.
1246:Frederick, p. 961.
1193:Farndale, Annex M.
1184:Routledge, p. 282.
1153:Routledge, p. 283.
1017:Farndale, Annex D.
904:Routledge, p. 388.
601:
557:
538:Focke-Wulf Fw 190s
397:were integrated.)
366:
307:
242:
221:Gordon Highlanders
1416:978-1-84342-474-1
1039:, file WO 212/79.
761:), but in normal
656:By late 1944 the
513:Strait of Messina
509:Operation Baytown
321:Battle of Britain
157:
156:
140:Battle of Britain
16:(Redirected from
1553:
1492:External sources
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578:Air raid on Bari
457:where it joined
315:concentrated on
167:Territorial Army
152:Italian Campaign
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647:counter-battery
642:II Polish Corps
534:Reggio Calabria
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414:5th AA Division
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329:RAF Biggin Hill
317:Royal Air Force
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258:Royal Artillery
254:1st AA Division
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116:15th Army Group
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429:131st HAA Rgt
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227:World War II
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171:World War II
162:
161:
108:Part of
26:
763:battledress
752:Hodden grey
694:Hammersmith
634:Gothic Line
459:Eighth Army
281:and static
213:Westminster
136:Engagements
130:Hammersmith
126:Westminster
122:Garrison/HQ
95:Air defence
1520:Categories
1461:, Vol VI:
1389:, Vol VI:
1327:References
690:White City
614:Fifth Army
584:(known as
517:XIII Corps
433:War Office
410:Portsmouth
325:RAF Kenley
309:While the
269:Phoney War
267:While the
1442:, Vol V:
772:Footnotes
658:Luftwaffe
651:air-burst
610:12 AA Bde
605:Luftwaffe
590:Luftwaffe
566:Luftwaffe
492:73 AA Bde
487:Cassibile
422:Luftwaffe
408:covering
406:35 AA Bde
402:49 AA Bde
370:Luftwaffe
346:The Blitz
341:Luftwaffe
312:Luftwaffe
179:The Blitz
144:The Blitz
1381:Gen Sir
1332:Gen Sir
1285:Watson,
738:to form
627:Adriatic
582:'Window'
542:Calabria
479:Syracuse
475:2 AA Bde
461:for the
418:5 AA Bde
283:4.5-inch
279:3.7-inch
260:(RA) as
103:Regiment
680:Postwar
638:X Corps
629:front.
588:to the
574:Italian
521:Messina
496:Augusta
483:Pachino
387:Devizes
356:Mid-war
59:Country
1484:
1469:
1450:
1431:
1413:
1397:
1374:
1359:
1344:
618:Rapido
586:Düppel
527:Three
469:Sicily
449:(REME)
337:Surrey
274:3-inch
193:Origin
183:Sicily
77:Branch
68:
51:Active
801:Notes
688:, at
503:Italy
378:cadre
187:Italy
1482:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1342:ISBN
757:and
755:kilt
730:and
715:and
640:and
622:Liri
561:Bari
485:and
327:and
185:and
100:Size
92:Role
515:by
465:.
439:RHQ
412:in
252:in
1522::
1385:,
1336:,
1295:^
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708:.
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1363:.
1348:.
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305:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
