935:
822:
670:
troop, and one infantry regiment was removed by inactivation. The field artillery brigade headquarters and headquarters battery became the headquarters and headquarters battery of the division artillery. Its three field artillery regiments were reorganized into four battalions; one battalion was taken from each of the two 75 mm gun regiments to form two 105 mm howitzer battalions, the brigade's ammunition train was reorganized as the third 105 mm howitzer battalion, and the 155 mm howitzer battalion was formed from the 155 mm howitzer regiment. The engineer, medical, and quartermaster regiments were reorganized into battalions. In 1942, divisional quartermaster battalions were split into ordnance light maintenance companies and quartermaster companies, and the division's headquarters and military police company, which had previously been a combined unit, was split.
830:
56:
919:
752:
555:
due to lack of enlisted personnel and equipment. Instead, the officers and a few enlisted reservists were assigned to
Regular and Guard units to fill vacant slots and bring those units up to war strength for the exercises. Additionally, some officers were assigned duties as umpires or support personnel. For each maneuver, the division maximized the number of participants. For example, for the 1938 maneuver at Camp Bullis, the 90th Division provided 138 officers to the 2nd Division and 66 to the
74:
28:
2160:
934:
1177:
518:
published a newsletter titled âThe 90th
Division Bulletin.â The newsletter informed the divisionâs members of such things as when and where the inactive training sessions were to be held, what the divisionâs summer training quotas were, where the camps were to be held, and which units would be assigned to help conduct the
539:
troops, 315th
Medical Regiment, and 90th Division Quartermaster Train participated in maneuvers with the 2nd Division at Camp Bullis. In addition to the unit training camps, the infantry regiments of the division rotated responsibility to conduct the CMTC training held at Fort Sam Houston each year.
554:
in conjunction with other
Regular Army, National Guard, and Organized Reserve units. Unlike the Regular and Guard units in the Eighth Corps Area, the 90th Division did not participate in the various Eighth Corps Area maneuvers and the Third Army maneuvers of 1938, 1940, and 1941 as an organized unit
669:
Before
Organized Reserve infantry divisions were ordered into active military service, they were reorganized on paper as "triangular" divisions under the 1940 tables of organization. The headquarters companies of the two infantry brigades were consolidated into the division's cavalry reconnaissance
538:
at Camp Bullis. Other units, such as the special troops, artillery, engineers, aviation, medical, and quartermaster, also trained at Fort Sam
Houston or Camp Bullis with like units of the 2nd Division. For the summer training camps of May 1932 and May 1933, the 90th Division headquarters, special
517:
After activation, the divisionâs recruiting efforts were such that by
January 1924, the division was at 99 percent of its authorized strength, which was the highest for any Organized Reserve division at the time. To maintain communications with the officers of the division, the division staff
821:
787:, the division attacked to clear the Foret de Mont-Castre (Hill 122), clearing it by 11 July, in spite of fierce resistance. In this action, the division suffered 5,000 men killed, wounded, or captured, one of the highest casualty rates suffered in WWII. An attack on the island of
289:
from Texas and
Oklahoma. The division was organized beginning in the first week of September from a cadre of officers and men of the Regular Army, and from Officers' Reserve Corps and National Army officer graduates of the First Officers' Training Camp at
294:. 2,300 draftees arrived from 5-10 September, and another 18,400 from 19-24 September, after which systematic training began. Another 10,000 men arrived at Camp Travis early in October 1917, and the division approximated 22,500 men.
502:, and assigned to the XVIII Corps. The division was further allotted to the state of Texas. The division headquarters was organized on 8 August 1921 with its offices located in the library of the Eighth Corps Area headquarters at
514:, and relocated again in June 1923 to Building 42-T at Fort Sam Houston. The headquarters was relocated once more in July 1926 to the Alamo Building in San Antonio and remained there until activated for World War II.
2197:
361:
in
October-November 1918. In four months of combat, the 90th Division suffered 7,549 casualties (1,091 killed in action and 6,458 wounded in action). From December 1918 to May 1919, the division was stationed near
297:
Between
January and June 1918, 50,000 men arrived at Camp Travis, but departures aggregated 35,000. Early in 1918, the 90th Division received new men, many from Texas and Oklahoma, but transfers to
2202:
2187:
1375:
2182:
2192:
550:. On a number of occasions, the division headquarters and staff, and occasionally the division's three brigade headquarters, participated in Eighth Corps Area and Third Army
2117:
1438:
1299:
1129:
526:, Texas, where much of the 90th Divisionâs training activities occurred in the interwar years. The headquarters and staff usually trained with the staff of the
2163:
1368:
353:. After sailing to England in stages, the division proceeded to France. In late August, the 90th Division entered the front lines, participating in the
705:
226:
1078:
Nickname: Tough 'Ombres; during World War I, the division was called the Texas-Oklahoma Division, represented by the T and O on the shoulder patch.
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Shoulder patch: A khaki-colored square on which is superimposed a red letter "T", the lower part of which bisects the letter "O", also in red.
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Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
829:
2133:
1194:
267:
175:
530:
at Fort Sam Houston. The subordinate infantry regiments of the division held their summer training primarily with the 2nd Division's
979:
975:
983:
519:
891:, withdrew to the west bank on 19 December, and went on the defensive until 5 January 1945, when it shifted to the scene of the
346:
282:
811:
756:
2031:
1992:
1975:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1419:
286:
825:
357th Regiment, take shelter behind a blasted wall and keep an eye out for enemy snipers, near Maizeres Les Metz, France.
594:
Awards: MH-4 ; DSC-54 ; DSM-4 ; SS-1,418 ; LM-19; DFC-4 ; SM-55 ; BSM-6,140 ; AM-121.
367:
1156:
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War, American Expeditionary Forces, Divisions: Volume 2
1336:
1092:
788:
637:
495:
490:, aboard the SS Magnolia on 7 June 1919 after 12 months of overseas service and was demobilized on 17 June 1919 at
435:
411:
393:
278:
1957:
1103:
1057:
853:
440:
1944:
1432:
1171:
U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41
586:
543:
358:
314:
298:
143:
1425:
1403:
918:
302:
138:
2128:
1571:
1541:
1326:
938:
The 90th Division's military chaplain leads a field service for 3201st Quartermaster Service Company in
865:
751:
641:
1284:
759:
and American officer of the 359th Infantry Regiment after the units meet up at Chambois, August 1944.
645:
556:
522:(CMTC). The designated mobilization and training stations for the division were Fort Sam Houston and
354:
350:
342:
306:
259:
255:
155:
542:
During the inactive training period, the 90th Division staff would hold occasional contact camps at
1384:
1133:
888:
291:
263:
251:
170:
120:
99:
1388:
1098:
907:, 29 January, to establish and expand a bridgehead. On 19 February, the division smashed through
884:
748:
The 90th Infantry Division landed in England, 5 April 1944, and trained from 10 April to 4 June.
622:
614:
511:
214:
194:
160:
79:
1217:
792:
27:
2123:
1755:
1310:
764:
618:
610:
606:
598:
551:
491:
198:
341:. On 31 May, the division approximated 24,000 men. In June 1918, the division proceeded from
1202:
629:
602:
503:
1095:
served with this division as a battalion commander in 1918 and later served in World War II
1291:
109:
861:
321:
reduced its strength to about 15,000 by April. On 20-21 May 1918, new men from Illinois,
1347:
963:
908:
849:
815:
780:
651:
483:
1353:
1343:
90th Infantry Division Preservation Group â Living History & Reenactment Articles
1224:. Governors Island, NY: Recruiting Publicity Bureau, U.S. Army. p. 9 – via
2176:
1181:
912:
857:
633:
573:
487:
61:
1158:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1931. p. 411-417.
974:
when they came upon the remaining 1500 emaciated prisoners left behind by the SS at
1225:
955:
939:
864:, 9 November. Elements of the 90th Infantry assaulted and captured the German-held
799:
547:
507:
330:
326:
222:
149:
1050:
17 August 1944: Third Army, 12th Army Group, but attached to V Corps, First Army.
978:. Today, a memorial wall at the former camp honors the 90th as the liberators of
876:
807:
523:
218:
133:
1254:
Memorial Plaque honoring the 90th Infantry Division's liberation of Flossenburg
1243:. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 161, 169-70.
904:
872:
835:
768:
499:
334:
1298:. U.S. Government Printing Office. â 1950. â pp. 510â592. Hosted at the
900:
880:
322:
285:
on 5 August 1917, and was directed be organized at Camp Travis, Texas, from
1296:
The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States
892:
776:
772:
318:
89:
1314:
1241:
Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades
1173:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 265-266.
946:
After a short rest, the 90th continued across the Moselle River to take
688:
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 90th Infantry Division Artillery
262:(27 December 1917), Maj. Gen. Henry T. Allen (1 March 1918), Brig. Gen.
967:
803:
310:
469:
357th, 358th, 359th, and 360th Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals
971:
927:
845:
1331:
660:
Inactivated: 27 December 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts.
506:, Texas. The headquarters was relocated on 14 September 1921 to the
959:
951:
947:
933:
917:
828:
820:
784:
750:
585:
Campaigns: Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes-Alsace, Rhineland,
363:
1180:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
563:. Similar numbers participated in the two succeeding exercises.
338:
1357:
2198:
Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II
775:, the remainder entering combat 10 June, cutting across the
895:
struggle, having been relieved along the Saar River by the
1342:
783:
in heavy fighting. After defensive action along the river
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
572:
Ordered into active military service: 25 March 1942 at
1327:
Tough 'Ombres! The Story of the 90th Infantry Division
1053:
25 August 1944: XV Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
1035:
23 March 1944: Third Army, but attached to First Army.
1047:
1 August 1944: XV Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
1044:
30 July 1944: Third Army, but attached to First Army.
716:
Headquarters, Special Troops, 90th Infantry Division
2142:
1668:
1585:
1447:
1395:
1309:. New York, N.Y.: 90th division Association, 1920.
926:killed in action during the Battle of the Bulge in
871:On 6 December 1944, the division pushed across the
791:on 23 July failed so the 90th bypassed it and took
188:
183:
129:
115:
105:
95:
85:
67:
49:
37:
20:
2203:Military units and formations established in 1917
763:The first elements of the division saw action on
2188:United States Army divisions during World War II
1348:Raw Combat Footage of the 90th Infantry Division
247:Casualties: Total-7,549 (KIA-1,091; WIA-6,458).
32:90th Infantry Division shoulder sleeve insignia
962:in rapid succession. Pursuit continued to the
833:The monument to the 90th Infantry Division at
713:90th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized)
482:The 90th Division headquarters arrived at the
1369:
1300:United States Army Center of Military History
1130:United States Army Center of Military History
970:mountain range. The division was en route to
700:915th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
697:345th Field Artillery Battalion (155 mm)
694:344th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
691:343rd Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
494:. The 90th Division was reconstituted in the
454:315th Train Headquarters and Military Police
8:
2183:Infantry divisions of the United States Army
798:On 12 August, the division drove across the
719:Headquarters Company, 90th Infantry Division
427:345th Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm)
273:Returned to U.S. and inactivated: June 1919.
244:Major Operations: St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne.
2193:United States Army divisions of World War I
883:), 6â18 December, but with the outbreak of
424:344th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm)
421:343rd Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm)
1376:
1362:
1354:
628:Assistant Division Commanders: Brig. Gen.
739:90th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment
277:The 90th Division was constituted in the
852:, 14 September â 19 November, capturing
722:790th Ordnance Light Maintenance Company
640:(February 1943 â July 1944), Brig. Gen.
601:(March 1942 â January 1944), Brig. Gen.
498:on 24 June 1921, allotted to the Eighth
1114:
875:and established a bridgehead north of
806:, and took part in the closing of the
17:
1332:Official Website of the Tough 'Ombres
1120:
1118:
848:, 6 September, to participate in the
844:It then raced across France, through
7:
966:border, 18 April 1945, and into the
674:Headquarters, 90th Infantry Division
213:("Tough 'Ombres") was a unit of the
1339:European Center of Military History
982:. A week later, word came that the
950:, 22 March, and crossed the rivers
657:Returned to U.S.: 16 December 1945.
644:(July â November 1944), Brig. Gen.
225:. Its lineage is carried on by the
1216:Andre, John A., ed. (April 1951).
14:
451:Headquarters Troop, 90th Division
2159:
2158:
1175:
582:Distinguished Unit Citations: 5.
520:Citizens Military Training Camps
72:
54:
26:
1132:. 21 April 2010. Archived from
856:, 30 October, and crossing the
706:315th Engineer Combat Battalion
632:(March â May 1942), Brig. Gen.
258:(23 November 1917), Brig. Gen.
1307:A History of the 90th Division
1222:Life of the Soldier and Airman
980:FlossenbĂźrg concentration camp
976:FlossenbĂźrg concentration camp
418:165th Field Artillery Brigade
266:(24 November 1918), Maj. Gen.
1:
887:'s (Army Group A) drive, the
621:(22 January 1945), Maj. Gen.
617:(15 October 1944), Maj. Gen.
254:(25 August 1917), Brig. Gen.
1065:26 January 1945: VIII Corps.
757:1st Polish Armoured Division
654:(July 1942 â September 1943)
448:315th Field Signal Battalion
1126:"Special Unit Designations"
812:1st Polish Armored Division
599:Maj. Gen. Henry Terrell Jr.
436:343rd Machine Gun Battalion
430:315th Trench Mortar Battery
412:345th Machine Gun Battalion
394:344th Machine Gun Battalion
379:Headquarters, 90th Division
2219:
1093:Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr.
1062:6 January 1945: III Corps.
725:90th Quartermaster Company
638:Samuel Tankersley Williams
613:(30 July 1944), Maj. Gen.
609:(13 June 1944), Maj. Gen.
605:(5 April 1944), Maj. Gen.
345:, to the ports of Boston,
2156:
1218:"From Private to General"
1068:12 March 1945: XII Corps.
1041:19 June 1944: VIII Corps.
1038:27 March 1944: VII Corps.
1032:5 March 1944: Third Army.
25:
1285:"90th Infantry Division"
1239:Wilson, John B. (1998).
1195:"90th INFANTRY DIVISION"
1169:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
1104:William H. H. Morris Jr.
996:Total battle casualties:
636:(1942â1943), Brig. Gen.
579:Overseas: 23 March 1944.
227:90th Sustainment Brigade
1337:Order of Battle 90Th ID
789:Saint-Germain-sur-Sèves
731:Military Police Platoon
710:315th Medical Battalion
685:359th Infantry Regiment
681:358th Infantry Regiment
677:357th Infantry Regiment
536:23rd Infantry Regiments
441:315th Engineer Regiment
408:360th Infantry Regiment
404:359th Infantry Regiment
400:180th Infantry Brigade
389:358th Infantry Regiment
385:357th Infantry Regiment
382:179th Infantry Brigade
359:Meuse-Argonne Offensive
299:Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma
238:Activated: August 1917.
125:Texas-Oklahoma Division
943:
931:
911:fortifications to the
899:. It drove across the
897:94th Infantry Division
841:
826:
760:
650:Artillery Commanders:
552:command post exercises
457:315th Ammunition Train
445:315th Medical Regiment
250:Commanders: Maj. Gen.
211:90th Infantry Division
21:90th Infantry Division
1290:21 March 2021 at the
986:ended on 8 May 1945.
937:
921:
866:Fort de Koenigsmacker
832:
824:
754:
544:Texas A&M College
466:315th Sanitary Train
357:in September and the
1199:www.history.army.mil
802:, north and east of
557:Texas National Guard
463:315th Engineer Train
355:Battle of St. Mihiel
343:Camp Mills, New York
260:William Johnston Jr.
241:Overseas: June 1918.
1205:on 27 January 2008.
889:Battle of the Bulge
728:90th Signal Company
591:Days of Combat: 308
292:Leon Springs, Texas
270:(30 December 1918).
121:special designation
1389:United States Army
1099:James A. Baker Jr.
1027:Assignments in ETO
1014:Missing in action:
1008:Wounded in action:
944:
942:(26 February 1945)
932:
885:Gerd von Rundstedt
854:Maizières-lès-Metz
842:
827:
761:
755:Lieutenant of the
623:Herbert L. Earnest
615:James A. Van Fleet
512:San Antonio, Texas
460:315th Supply Train
368:Army of Occupation
366:, Germany, in the
347:Brooklyn, New York
215:United States Army
195:James A. Van Fleet
80:United States Army
2170:
2169:
1281:Combat Chronicles
1086:Notable personnel
1002:Killed in action:
840:Normandy, France.
642:William G. Weaver
619:Lowell Ward Rooks
611:Raymond S. McLain
607:Eugene M. Landrum
496:Organized Reserve
492:Camp Bowie, Texas
309:, Camp Johnston,
268:Charles H. Martin
204:
203:
199:Raymond S. McLain
119:"Tough 'Ombres" (
2210:
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1274:
1271:
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1251:
1245:
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1201:. Archived from
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1159:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
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1056:26 August 1944:
1020:Prisoner of war:
744:Combat chronicle
630:Charles W. Ryder
603:Jay W. MacKelvie
504:Fort Sam Houston
264:Joseph P. O'Neil
256:Joseph A. Gaston
78:
76:
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1756:23rd (Americal)
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1305:Wythe, George.
1292:Wayback Machine
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992:
868:9â12 November.
746:
667:
665:Order of battle
646:Joseph M. Tully
625:(2 March 1945).
569:
480:
478:Interwar period
376:
374:Order of battle
235:
217:that served in
207:
197:
190:
171:Ardennes-Alsace
161:Northern France
124:
110:San Antonio, TX
73:
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1373:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1350:â Combat Reels
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1329:
1322:
1321:External links
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1318:
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1275:
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1208:
1186:
1161:
1147:
1136:on 9 July 2010
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1101:
1096:
1091:Major General
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2129:Panama Canal
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1991:
1974:
1962:
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1226:Google Books
1221:
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1203:the original
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1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
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945:
940:Foy, Belgium
923:
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862:KĹnigsmacker
843:
834:
800:Sarthe River
797:
795:on 27 July.
762:
747:
668:
597:Commanders:
567:World War II
548:Bryan, Texas
541:
528:2nd Division
516:
508:Gunter Hotel
481:
351:Philadelphia
331:South Dakota
327:North Dakota
303:Camp Hancock
296:
276:
223:World War II
210:
208:
150:World War II
148:
45:1995âpresent
15:
877:Saarlautern
808:Falaise Gap
781:Pont l'Abbe
524:Camp Bullis
233:World War I
219:World War I
134:World War I
130:Engagements
116:Nickname(s)
106:Garrison/HQ
2177:Categories
2134:Philippine
1110:References
990:Casualties
958:, and the
913:PrĂźm River
905:Oberhausen
873:Saar River
836:Utah Beach
769:Utah Beach
500:Corps Area
335:Camp Dodge
191:commanders
184:Commanders
139:St. Mihiel
1385:Divisions
901:Our River
881:Saarlouis
323:Minnesota
166:Rhineland
43:1921â1945
41:1917â1919
2164:Category
2143:Mountain
2124:Hawaiian
1669:Infantry
1396:Airborne
1288:Archived
1058:XX Corps
893:Ardennes
816:Chambois
779:to take
773:Normandy
576:, Texas.
319:Illinois
287:draftees
156:Normandy
100:Division
90:Infantry
1586:Cavalry
1448:Armored
1387:of the
1315:1237202
1073:General
968:Sudetes
903:, near
804:Le Mans
793:PĂŠriers
311:Florida
307:Georgia
281:by the
189:Notable
50:Country
1313:
1140:9 July
1010:14,386
998:19,200
972:Prague
954:, the
928:Sonlez
846:Verdun
349:, and
329:, and
313:, and
77:
68:Branch
59:
38:Active
2118:108th
2112:106th
2106:104th
2100:103rd
2094:102nd
2087:100th
1439:108th
1433:101st
1022:1,185
1004:3,342
964:Czech
960:Werra
952:Rhine
948:Mainz
785:Douve
765:D-Day
364:Trier
2149:10th
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2016:88th
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1502:10th
1426:82nd
1420:80th
1415:17th
1410:13th
1404:11th
1311:OCLC
1294:. â
1142:2010
956:Main
734:Band
534:and
339:Iowa
221:and
209:The
96:Size
86:Type
1726:9th
1721:8th
1715:7th
1709:6th
1704:5th
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1691:3rd
1684:2nd
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1600:2nd
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1472:4th
1467:3rd
1462:2nd
1456:1st
1016:287
922:16
860:at
814:in
559:'s
546:in
532:9th
510:in
2179::
1283::
1260:^
1220:.
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1128:.
1117:^
915:.
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370:.
337:,
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305:,
301:,
229:.
123:)
1377:e
1370:t
1363:v
1302:.
1228:.
1184:.
1144:.
930:.
838:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
