455:
293:
531:
30:
54:
71:
351:
335:
521:
station commander at Vaago. On many occasions the target could be heard but not seen, or only glimpsed through a break in the clouds. Although the HAA guns fired three or four times in a typical month, often causing the targets to take evasive action, there were no confirmed 'kills'. By
December 1943
316:, the AA defences of NW England were not tested in action, and the time was spent in equipping and training the TA units. On 1 June 1940, the Royal Artillery's AA Regiments were redesignated Heavy AA (HAA) to distinguish them from the new Light AA (LAA) regiments being formed. By the start of the
425:
in 4 AA Division. As the flow of new AA units from the training centres continued, experienced units began to be prepared for overseas service, and 93rd was one of these, but units under training for overseas service were often lent back to AA Command. In June, 93rd HAA Rgt moved to
446:). From the end of August 1942 the rest of the regiment was unbrigaded, (with a brief return to 33 AA Bde during September), before leaving AA Command entirely in December. It then came under direct War Office control until February 1943, when it embarked for the Middle East.
271:
In June 1939, as the international situation worsened, a partial mobilisation of the TA was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA gun and searchlight positions. On 24 August the whole of
522:
the air threat to the Faroes had diminished, and the defences could be reduced. 290 HAA Bty handed over four 3.7-inch guns to a newly-formed composite 507 AA Bty, and returned to the UK on 19 March 1943 with 178th HAA Rgt. 178th HAA Regiment was disbanded in May 1944.
498:
gun-laying radar sets and a semi-automatic plotter that gave the guns the ability to engage unseen targets in cloud or at night, there being no searchlights available. On 22 July the battery absorbed two sections of 434 HAA Bty from 70th (West Lancs) HAA Rgt.
366:) and 'the actions fought were as violent, dangerous and prolonged as any in the field'. The wide Mersey Estuary left a gap in the Liverpool defences that could not be fully covered by AA guns, and by mid-1941 AA Command had begun constructing three
584:
By now, the air threat to the Middle East bases was low and by July 1944 AA manpower was being diverted to other tasks. 93rd HAA Rgtand its three batteries was placed in suspended animation and disappeared from the order of battle on 12 August 1944.
373:
The night raids continued into the following Spring, during which period
Liverpool and its docks along the Mersey became the most heavily bombed area of Britain outside London, with particularly heavy attacks in December 1940 (the
613:
1393:
1383:
494:. The guns were on static mountings, for which sites had to be prepared with access roads, emplacements and hutting. These were constructed over two months by Faroese labor. The battery had two
407:
1388:
390:
When the Blitz ended in May 1941, 93rd HAA Rgt was still in 33 AA Bde, and this continued to be the case for over a year. The regiment sent two cadres to 211th HAA Training
Regiment at
1403:
955:
Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United
Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 22 November 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/8 and WO 33/1962.
395:
251:
1398:
565:
In the event, 93rd HAA Rgt did not accompany 2 AA Bde when it went to Sicily. but remained with MEF. The Middle East AA Group still had considerable commitments in the
506:
arrived to take command of the AA units in the islands, and 290 HAA Bty was regimented with that unit. A Gun
Operations Room (GOR) was established at Thorshavn.
431:
281:
187:
of 1938. Although they were stood down after just three weeks, the crisis accelerated the expansion of AA defences for
Britain's cities. On 1 November the
539:
104:
680:
415:
907:
1263:
277:
100:
919:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/80.
946:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/82.
503:
435:
399:
243:
309:
937:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United
Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81.
627:
as R (Wirral) Bty. The battery disappeared in 1967 when 287 Rgt was reduced to a single Bty in the West
Lancashire Rgt RA as part of
604:
AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955, and there were wholescale mergers among TA AA units. 493rd HAA Regiment amalgamated with
1333:
1319:
1300:
1281:
1247:
1232:
765:
148:
74:
1014:
745:
1143:
427:
1157:
1123:
292:
414:
were integrated). A final cadre went to 210th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry for 522 (M) HAA Bty, formed on 15 January 1942 for
619:
441st LAA Regiment was broken up again in 1961: the North Staffs btys reverted to the infantry role and merged with 6th Bn
573:, and along the North African Coast. It was also preparing to provide AA cover for Operation Hercules, a planned landing on
1350:
454:
422:
411:
339:
192:
1345:
620:
598:
258:
landings. Most of the recruits for 93rd AA Rgt came from the shipping and insurance offices and banks of Liverpool.
624:
530:
559:
895:
836:
491:
884:
847:
825:
814:
803:
343:
601:
were integrated into the unit). It formed part of 59 AA Bde (the prewar 33 (Western) AA Bde) at Liverpool.
547:
467:
300:
At this point the Gun Defended Area (GDA) around Liverpool had a strength of just 19 Heavy AA (HAA) guns (
276:
was fully mobilised, ahead of the declaration of war. 93rd AA Regiment formed part of the Liverpool-based
172:
609:
273:
296:
Christmas lunch for the men of 289 AA Bty, 93rd AA Rgt, at New Ferry near Birkenhead, 14 December 1940.
684:
394:
to provide the basis for new batteries: 392 HAA Bty was formed on 14 November 1940 and later joined
1225:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941
616:, with 493rd contributing Q (Wirral) Battery to the combined regiment.3 (M) HAA Rgt 1 January 1947
578:
543:
470:. The first LAA detachments arrived in July 1941 and immediately came under attack from long-range
403:
168:
133:
1308:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East
1289:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East
1213:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom
906:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941,
211:. After Munich, the TA was doubled in size, and on 1 April 1939, 267 (Wirral) AA Bty provided the
1210:
605:
487:
305:
438:. 290 HAA Battery was the first part of the original regiment to go overseas, being sent to the
320:, in July 1940, the number of HAA guns deployed in the Liverpool GDA had reached 52. The first
1329:
1315:
1296:
1277:
1259:
1243:
1228:
514:
513:
bombers and reconnaissance aircraft, but these were mixed with friendly aircraft on patrol or
317:
247:
538:
93rd HAA Regiment, with 267, 288 and 289 Btys under command, arrived by May 1943 and joined
483:
363:
301:
212:
204:
1293:
The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and the Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944
434:, both still within 4 AA Division in NW England, but by now 416 HAA Bty had transferred to
1220:
518:
479:
379:
375:
359:
160:
124:
70:
29:
1360:
1105:
495:
350:
334:
59:
1377:
510:
490:
guns. It deployed one 4-gun Troop at Vaago, and the other at the islands' capital at
471:
463:
439:
367:
184:
164:
129:
326:
attack on Liverpool came on 28 August, and there were a number of raids thereafter.
246:
A.F. Behrend, and among the new officers appointed to the unit on 15 April 1939 was
555:
196:
1351:
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth – Regiments.org (archive site)
593:
When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the regiment was reformed at Birkenhead as
581:, and aimed at getting Turkey into the war. This was called off in February 1944.
871:
421:
In May 1942 the regiment was joined by 416 HAA Bty, which had previously been in
156:
358:
The cities of NW England were heavily bombed during the winter of 1940–41 (the
313:
200:
114:
322:
188:
1326:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55
391:
208:
152:
1368:
1274:
The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
219:. The new unit was based in Birkenhead with the following organisation:
236:
1227:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996,
558:. However, it was withdrawn this month for its units to train for the
574:
566:
475:
570:
551:
529:
453:
291:
255:
195:
formed an additional battery (267 (Wirral) AA Battery) across the
1314:, London: HMSO, 1966/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004,
1295:, London: HMSO, 1973/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004,
628:
614:
441st Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery
466:
to prevent the Germans using them as a base for attacks on the
183:
Anti-Aircraft (AA) units of the TA were mobilised during the
517:
missions, and permission to engage was often denied by the
402:. Later it sent another cadre to 206th HAA Training Rgt at
312:), plus three guns out of action. During the period of the
872:"Liverpool Blitz - Visual Story of the May 1941 bombings"
1355:
406:
for 484 (Mixed) HAA Bty formed on 25 September 1941 for
354:
Another panoramic view, looking towards the River Mersey
1328:, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994,
398:, while 426 HAA Bty formed on 24 April 1941 and joined
378:); in April 1941; and again the following month (the
1394:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1955
1384:
Heavy anti-aircraft regiments of the Royal Artillery
462:
During 1940 a British force had occupied the Danish
1258:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press.
120:
110:
96:
88:
80:
65:
47:
39:
20:
1306:Maj-Gen I.S.O. Playfair & Brig C.J.C. Molony,
410:('Mixed' units were those into which women of the
145:93rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
1389:Military units and formations established in 1939
785:Routledge, Table LVIII, p. 376; Table LIX p. 377.
554:and 2 AA Bde was responsible for AA Defence Area
1167:
1165:
597:(the 'Mixed' now indicating that members of the
509:There were almost daily overflights by Ju 88 or
1242:, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984,
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
338:A panoramic view of bomb damage in Liverpool;
147:was a volunteer air defence unit of Britain's
1256:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945
1240:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
1158:414–443 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 onwards.
1124:474–519 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 onwards.
486:). On 1 July 1942, 290 HAA Bty arrived, with
175:. Postwar it continued in the TA until 1955.
8:
1312:The Destruction of the Axis forces in Africa
1038:
1036:
995:
993:
766:AA Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
250:Howard Erskine Johnston; he later commanded
1404:Military units and formations in Birkenhead
1144:30–67 AA Bdes at British Army 1945 onwards.
681:"3rd West Lancs Artillery at Regiments.org"
458:Preserved 3.7-inch HAA gun on static mount.
342:in foreground, the burned-out shell of the
223:Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) at Birkenhead
34:Cap Badge of the Royal Artillery (pre-1953)
1153:
1151:
1119:
1117:
965:
963:
961:
857:
855:
595:493rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment
370:in the estuary on which to mount AA guns.
28:
1399:Military units and formations in Cheshire
478:. The defences were built up slowly: the
1026:
1024:
1009:
1007:
1005:
349:
333:
639:
482:built an airfield at Vaago (the modern
741:
739:
737:
23:493rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
17:
1215:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.
704:
702:
21:93rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
7:
1276:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992,
550:was just ending with the capture of
278:33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade
450:290 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery, RA
193:70th (West Lancashire) AA Regiment
14:
1346:Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
534:3.7-inch HAA gun in North Africa.
226:267 (Wirral) AA Bty at Birkenhead
908:The National Archives (TNA), Kew
610:576 (5th North Staffords) LAA/SL
242:The commanding officer (CO) was
69:
52:
1369:British Army units from 1945 on
254:and an AA Assault Group at the
1069:Routledge, Table XXVI, p. 165.
1060:Routledge, Table XLII, p. 267.
623:, while Q (Wirral) Bty joined
1:
1051:Routledge, Table XXV, p. 164.
577:following the failure of the
430:, and the following month to
412:Auxiliary Territorial Service
776:Routledge, Table LX, p. 378.
621:North Staffordshire Regiment
155:just before the outbreak of
43:1 April 1939 – 10 March 1955
1015:"178 HAA Rgt at RA 1939–45"
217:93rd Anti-Aircraft Regiment
1420:
282:4th Anti-Aircraft Division
1363:The Territorial Army 1947
1356:Royal Artillery 1939–1945
756:Routledge, pp. 65–6, 371.
746:93 HAA Rgt at RA 1939–45.
560:Allied invasion of Sicily
27:
1272:Norman E.H. Litchfield,
670:Frederick, pp. 756, 778.
599:Women's Royal Army Corps
232:289 AA Bty at Birkenhead
229:288 AA Bty at Birkenhead
1254:Joslen, H. F. (2003) .
1134:Litchfield, Appendix 5.
1198:Litchfield, pp. 120–1.
969:Routledge, pp. 209–10.
928:Frederick, pp. 758–60.
896:Collier, Appendix XXX.
885:Collier, Chapter XVII.
837:Collier, Appendix XIV.
815:Collier, Chapter XIII.
548:North African Campaign
535:
468:North Atlantic convoys
459:
355:
347:
297:
1324:Brig N.W. Routledge,
1087:Routledge, pp. 160–1.
861:Routledge, pp. 394–5.
848:Collier, Appendix XV.
826:Collier, Chapter XVI.
804:Collier, Appendix IX.
533:
457:
408:139th (Mixed) HAA Rgt
353:
337:
295:
274:Anti-Aircraft Command
1287:Brig C.J.C. Molony,
646:Routledge, pp. 62–3.
1189:Frederick, p. 1002.
1180:Litchfield, p. 215.
1171:Frederick, p. 1014.
1096:Frederick, p. 1018.
579:Dodecanese Campaign
562:(Operation Husky).
159:. It served in the
101:33 (Western) AA Bde
1238:J.B.M. Frederick,
1042:Joslen, pp. 484–5.
987:Frederick, p. 795.
978:Frederick, p. 758.
731:Litchfield, p. 32.
687:on 17 January 2006
544:Middle East Forces
536:
502:In December 1942,
460:
356:
348:
346:in middle distance
298:
244:Lieutenant-Colonel
1265:978-1-84342-474-1
1030:Fardale, Annex M.
910:, file WO 212/79.
794:Farndale, p. 106.
709:Monthly Army List
515:Search and rescue
474:bombers based in
416:154th (M) HAA Rgt
340:Victoria Monument
318:Battle of Britain
248:Second lieutenant
163:and later in the
139:
138:
1411:
1340:External sources
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729:
712:
706:
697:
696:
694:
692:
683:. Archived from
677:
671:
668:
647:
644:
625:287th Medium Rgt
504:178th HAA Rgt HQ
364:Manchester Blitz
205:Wirral Peninsula
149:Territorial Army
75:Territorial Army
73:
58:
56:
55:
32:
18:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1374:
1373:
1361:Graham Watson,
1342:
1266:
1253:
1221:Martin Farndale
1211:Basil Collier,
1207:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1163:
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1149:
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1138:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:Molony, p. 574.
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1003:
999:Joslen, p. 561.
998:
991:
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982:
977:
973:
968:
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936:
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669:
650:
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637:
591:
528:
519:Royal Air Force
480:Royal Engineers
452:
388:
376:Christmas Blitz
360:Liverpool Blitz
332:
330:Liverpool Blitz
290:
269:
264:
181:
161:Liverpool Blitz
151:(TA) formed in
142:
132:
127:
125:Liverpool Blitz
103:
53:
51:
35:
22:
12:
11:
5:
1417:
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648:
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448:
387:
384:
368:Maunsell Forts
331:
328:
289:
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235:290 AA Bty at
233:
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60:United Kingdom
49:
45:
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37:
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33:
25:
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13:
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4:
3:
2:
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1334:1-85753-099-3
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1320:1-845740-68-8
1317:
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1305:
1302:
1301:1-845740-69-6
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1283:
1282:0-9508205-2-0
1279:
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1248:1-85117-009-X
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1233:1-85753-080-2
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511:Dornier Do 17
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485:
484:Vágar Airport
481:
477:
473:
472:Junkers Ju 88
469:
465:
464:Faroe Islands
456:
449:
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445:
441:
440:Faroe Islands
437:
436:115th HAA Rgt
433:
429:
424:
419:
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409:
405:
401:
400:126th HAA Rgt
397:
396:117th HAA Rgt
393:
385:
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365:
361:
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252:103rd HAA Rgt
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185:Munich Crisis
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165:Faroe Islands
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141:Military unit
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19:
16:
1362:
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689:. Retrieved
685:the original
675:
642:
618:
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583:
564:
556:Tripolitania
537:
508:
501:
461:
443:
423:81st HAA Rgt
420:
389:
372:
357:
344:Custom House
321:
299:
270:
267:Mobilisation
262:World War II
241:
216:
197:River Mersey
182:
173:North Africa
144:
143:
97:Part of
15:
711:, May 1939.
546:(MEF). The
526:Middle East
169:Middle East
157:World War I
134:Middle East
128:Defence of
121:Engagements
111:Garrison/HQ
84:Air defence
1378:Categories
1310:, Vol IV:
1205:References
691:17 January
404:Arborfield
314:Phoney War
288:Phoney War
215:for a new
201:Birkenhead
115:Birkenhead
1291:, Vol V:
606:349 Field
492:Thorshavn
444:see below
432:44 AA Bde
428:70 AA Bde
380:May Blitz
323:Luftwaffe
189:Liverpool
1219:Gen Sir
1106:Watson,
612:Rgts as
540:2 AA Bde
496:GL Mk II
488:3.7-inch
392:Oswestry
310:4.5-inch
306:3.7-inch
209:Cheshire
153:Cheshire
105:2 AA Bde
92:Regiment
1108:TA 1947
589:Postwar
386:Mid-war
237:Chester
203:on the
191:-based
48:Country
1332:
1318:
1299:
1280:
1262:
1246:
1231:
575:Rhodes
567:Levant
476:Norway
302:3-inch
179:Origin
167:, the
130:Faroes
66:Branch
57:
40:Active
635:Notes
571:Egypt
569:, in
552:Tunis
256:D-Day
213:cadre
1330:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1229:ISBN
693:2006
629:TAVR
608:and
362:and
308:and
171:and
89:Size
81:Role
542:in
382:).
280:in
207:of
199:in
1380::
1223:,
1164:^
1150:^
1116:^
1035:^
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736:^
716:^
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631:.
418:.
304:,
284:.
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874:.
695:.
442:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
