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593:, which had not been consulted over the contents of the Law. The Committee of General Security already felt threatened by the Committee of Public Safety's new ability to issue arrest warrants, as well as by the new Police Bureau, which was created by Saint-Just and was being run by Robespierre in his absence, and whose functions overlapped with that of the Committee of General Security. As payment, they presented a report on the ties between the English enemy and the self-proclaimed "Mother of God",
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697:, who complained that both Robespierre and Saint-Just had broken with the Committees and now spoke only for themselves; and then by Billaud-Varenne, who related how he and Collot had been driven out of the Jacobin Club the previous day, and who accused Robespierre of conspiracy against the Convention. Robespierre attempted to defend himself, but was silenced by the commotion within the Convention and by the screaming deputies condemning him as a tyrant and conspirator.
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712:, and other Robespierrist officials. They were taken before the Committee of General Security and sent to different prisons. None of the city prisons wanted to arrest the deputies and officials, and once a deputation from the Paris Commune, which had risen in support of Robespierre, arrived to the city prisons demanding they refuse to take in the arrested, the prison officials complied. A little after midnight, about fifty people, the five rebellious deputies,
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821:, the municipal council (elected on 29 April 1945 with 27 communists, 12 socialists and 4 radicals out of 48 members), decided on 13 April 1946, to rename the Place du Marché-Saint-Honoré "Place Robespierre", a decision approved at the prefectorial level on 8 June. However, in the wake of political changes in 1947, it reverted to its original name on 6 November 1950. Streets in the so-called "Red belt" bear his name,
560:, which accelerated the trial process and extended the death penalty to include a new set of "enemies of the people"; this included those seeking to reestablish the monarchy, interfering with food provisions, discrediting the National Convention, and communicating with foreigners, among others. The fear of assassination drove Robespierre to take this measure: two assassination attempts against Robespierre and
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604:, securing the road to Paris. This victory signaled the end of the war against the Austrians, and with it, the end of the Terror government. Robespierre, wishing to get rid of both internal and external enemies, objected to the disbandment of the war government. The following day, in a joint meeting of the Committees of Public Safety and General Security,
367:(26 July 1794), his arrest the next day, and his execution on 10 Thermidor (28 July). In the speech of 8 Thermidor, Robespierre spoke of the existence of internal enemies, conspirators, and calumniators, within the Convention and the governing Committees. He refused to name them, which alarmed the deputies who feared Robespierre was preparing another
495:. They were strongly opposed to the machinery of the Terror and policies of the Committee of Public Safety. Both these factions were charged as conspirators against the Revolutionary Government and sentenced to the guillotine: the HĂ©bertists on 24 March (4 Germinal) and the Dantonists on 5 April (16 Germinal).
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On 14 October 1923, a plaque was placed on the house at 9 Rue
Maximilien Robespierre (formerly Rue des Rapporteurs) rented by the three Robespierre siblings in 1787–1789, in the presence of the mayor Gustave Lemelle, Albert Mathiez and Louis Jacob. Built in 1730, the house has had a varied history as
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Upon receiving news that
Robespierre and his allies had not been imprisoned, the National Convention, which was in permanent session, declared that Robespierre, Saint-Just, and the other deputies were outlaws, and commanded armed forces to enter the HĂ´tel de Ville. By 2:30 a.m., they had entered
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During his absence from both the
National Convention and the Committee of Public Safety through the months of June and July (Messidor), Robespierre prepared a speech to be delivered on 26 July (8 Thermidor). He delivered the speech first to the National Convention, and later that same day at the
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Having abandoned both the
Committee and the National Convention, which he stopped frequenting after his presidency ended on 18 June (30 Prairial), Robespierre's absence allowed the breach between him and other members of the revolutionary government to widen. He did not reappear until 23 July (5
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Robespierre led the processions during the
Festival in Honor of the Supreme Being celebrated on 8 June (20 Prairial). Although the festival was well accepted by the crowds, Robespierre's prominent position in it was suspicious in the eyes of some deputies, and muttering began about Robespierre's
498:
With these purges, the power of the
Committee was reaffirmed. The death of Danton and Desmoulins, both formerly friends of Robespierre, left a deep toll on him. This, combined with the increasing demands of both the Committee on Public Safety and the National Convention washed away Robespierre's
662:), his speech seemed to also incriminate several others. Moreover, it was precisely because he failed to name the condemned that terror spread through the Convention as the deputies started thinking that Robespierre was planning yet another purge like that of the Dantonists and HĂ©bertists.
853:, who referred to Robespierre as a Bolshevik before his time. Due to the poor construction of the monument (it was made of tubes and common concrete), it crumbled within three days of its unveiling and was never replaced. The Robespierre Embankment in Saint-Petersburg across
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Tatlin, V.; Dymshits-Tolstaia, S.; Bowlt, John (1984). "Memorandum from the Visual Arts
Section of the People's Commissariat for Enlightenment to the Soviet of People's Commissars: Project for the Organization of Competitions for Monuments to Distinguished Persons (1918)".
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a day of rest and festivities, he was brought to the
Revolutionary Tribunal around 2 a.m. together with twenty-one Robespierrists (including Hanriot) and condemned to death. In the early evening the convicts, whose average age was 34, were taken in three carts to the
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885:. After many years in a tribunal room, it can now be seen in the Salle Robespierre. Bronze casts of the bust were made for the bicentenary and are displayed in his former home on Rue Maximilien Robespierre and at the Lycée Robespierre, unveiled in 1990.
780:. A mob screaming curses accompanied the procession. His face still swollen, Robespierre kept his eyes closed. He was the tenth called to the platform and ascended the steps of the scaffold unassisted. When clearing Robespierre's neck, executioner
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Robespierre did not reappear in the
National Convention until 7 May (18 Floréal). For this day he had planned a speech addressing the relationship between religion, morality, and the republican principles; and to establish the
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963:. This returned to public view Robespierre's only surviving contemporary sculpted portrait. A plaster cast of it is displayed at the Conciergerie in Paris, and a bronze cast is in the Place de la Révolution Française in
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allegedly shouted at Saint-Just that both he and
Robespierre were "ridiculous dictators". Following this event, Robespierre stopped participating directly in the deliberations of the Committee of Public Safety.
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382:, one of the conspirators whom Robespierre had in mind in his denunciation, to turn the Convention against Robespierre and decree his arrest. By the end of the next day, Robespierre was executed in the
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According to David P. Jordan: "Any comprehensive bibliography would be virtually impossible. In 1936 GĂ©rard Walter drew up a list of over 10,000 works on Robespierre, and much has been done since."
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There are two conflicting accounts of how Robespierre was wounded: the first one puts forward that Robespierre had tried to kill himself with a pistol, and the second one is that he was shot by
597:, who had prophesied that Robespierre was a new Messiah. This was done both with the intention of diminishing Robespierre, and to mock his religious positions and the Cult of The Supreme Being.
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415:, and would remain a member until his death. During the months between September 1793 and July 1794, the Committee's power increased dramatically due to several measures instated during
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Koekkoek, René (2020) The Citizenship Experiment Contesting the Limits of Civic Equality and Participation in the Age of Revolutions. Studies in the History of Political Thought
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tore off the bandage that was holding his shattered jaw in place, causing him to produce an agonised scream until his death. He was guillotined at the same place where King
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In 1994, a plaque was unveiled by ARBR on the façade of the Carrauts' brewery on the Rue Ronville, where Maximilien and Augustin were brought up by their grandparents.
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On 28 June (10 Messidor), Saint-Just returned from the northern front bearing news: the Revolutionary Army had defeated the Austrian army in Belgium at the
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Saint-Just and Robespierre at the HĂ´tel de Ville of Paris on the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor Year II (July 27 to 28, 1794). Painting by Jean-Joseph Weerts
1947:
Andress, David. "Living the Revolutionary Melodrama: Robespierre's Sensibility and the Construction of Political Commitment in the French Revolution."
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Later the same day he presented the speech at the Jacobin Club, where it was received with overwhelming support despite some initial opposition. Both
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Jacobin Club. In it, he attempted both to defend himself from the rumors and attacks on his person that had been spreading since the start of the
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Turner, Michael J. "Revolutionary Connection: 'The Incorruptible' Maximilian Robespierre and the 'Schoolmaster of Chartism' Bronterre O'Brien."
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Thermidor), when he sat for another joint convention of the two Committees put forward in a failed attempt to resolve their mutual differences.
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Sepinwall, Alyssa Goldstein. "Robespierre, Old Regime Feminist? Gender, the Late Eighteenth Century, and the French Revolution Revisited."
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Place Robespierre in Marseille with the inscription: "Lawyer, born in Arras in 1758, guillotined without trial on 27 July 1794. Nicknamed
572:'s murder still roused feelings in the Convention. The law was not universally accepted in the Convention, and critics of Robespierre and
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2170:"«Mes forces et ma santé ne peuvent suffire». crises politiques, crises médicales dans la vie de Maximilien Robespierre, 1790-1794"
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On Sunday 27 July, the weather was stormy. The workers of Paris organized a demonstration against the Maximum on wages. At noon
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mental and physical health to the point he was forced to reduce his presence in the Jacobin Club and the National Convention.
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During this time, two different factions rose in opposition to the restructured Revolutionary Government: the left-wing
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at a table, working on the 1793 Constitution and Declaration of Human Rights. A mural in the school also depicts him.
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fanaticism and desire for power. Two days after the Festival, Robespierre pushed the National Convention to pass the
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Robespierre is one of the few revolutionaries not to have a street named for him in the center of Paris. At the
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started addressing the Convention without having shown his speech to the two Committees. He was interrupted by
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394:, like the others. Robespierre's fall led to more moderate policies being implemented during the subsequent
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on Line 9 (Mairie de Montreuil – Pont de Sèvres), in the commune of Montreuil, named during the era of the
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Shusterman, Noah C. "All of His Power Lies in the Distaff: Robespierre, Women and the French Revolution."
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Belissa, Marc, and Julien Louvrier. "Robespierre in French and English language publications since 2000."
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During the Soviet era, the Russians built two statues of him, one in Leningrad and another in Moscow (the
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Robespierre is commemorated by two plaques in Paris, one on the exterior of the Duplays' house, now 398
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Rude, George (1967) The crowd in the French Revolution, p. 136. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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2002:
Cobban, Alfred. "The Political Ideas of Maximilien Robespierre during the Period of the Convention",
1988:
Les armées révolutionnaires. Instrument de la Terreur dans les départements. Avril 1793-Floréal An II
1966:
Benigno, Francesco. "Never the Same Again: On Some Recent Interpretations of the French Revolution."
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Cobb, R. & C. Jones (1988) The French Revolution. Voices from a momentous epoch 1789-1795, p. 230
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executive branch of the Revolutionary Government, under the supervision of the National Convention.
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A stone bust by Albert SĂ©raphin (1949) stands in the square Robespierre, opposite the theatre in
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Walter, G. (1961) Le vaincu du neuf Thermidor, p. 17. In: L'Ĺ“uvre, vol. II, part III. Gallimard.
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Jones, Colin. "The overthrow of Maximilien Robespierre and the "indifference" of the people".
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a typing school, and a craftsmen's museum, but is now being developed as a Robespierre Museum.
837:. There are, however, numerous streets, roads, and squares named for him elsewhere in France.
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marble bust by Maurice Cladel was intended to be displayed in the gardens of the former
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Robespierre and the Festival of the Supreme Being: The search for a republican morality
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1941:, The French Revolution of 1789: As Viewed in the Light of Republican Institutions p.
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881:. A mixture of politics and concerns about weathering led to it being placed in the
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1399:"THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR OF THE TERROR: ANTOINE QUENTIN FOUQUIER-TINVILLE, p. 118"
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673:, who opposed the printing of the speech, were driven out of the Jacobin Club.
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Charles Correia's 1980s bronze sculptural group at the Collège Robespierre in
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Dicus, Andrew. "Terror and Self-Evidence: Robespierre and the General Will."
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Poirot, Thibaut. "Robespierre and War, a question posed as early as 1789?."
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The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv
926:(1913), originally intended for the gardens of the Tuileries and now in the
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1714:"Sculptures à Montpellier : Place de la Révolution Française – Page 2"
937:, with the inscription: "Maximilien Robespierre l'Incorruptible 1758–1794".
30:"Fall of Robespierre" redirects here. For the English theatrical play, see
17:
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Lying on a table, Robespierre is the object of the curiosity and quips of
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Jurisdictions extraordinaires, Series: W 434, File: Dossier 975. Paris:
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2124:(January–March 2013). "Robespierre et l'authenticité révolutionnaire".
1991:, Paris-La Haye, Mouton and Co, 1961–1963, 2 volumes in-8°, VIII–1017,
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2011:
1583:"Memoirs of the Sansons: From Private Notes and Documents (1688–1847)"
899:, the other, erected by the Société des études robespierristes in the
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had taken place on 23 and 24 May (4–5 Prairial), and the memory of
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returned to its original name Voskresenskaya Embankment in 2014.
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The Convention then voted to arrest five deputies – Robespierre,
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540:. On 21 May 1794 the revolutionary government decided that the
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François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
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Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of Terror in the French Revolution
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On the following day, this tension in the Convention allowed
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would use it against them during the events of 9 Thermidor.
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Seine-Saint-DĂ©nis Atlas de l'architecture et du patrimoine
804:. Defender of the people. Author of our republican motto:
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in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris.
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A New World Begins: The History of the French Revolution
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Terrorism: from Robespierre to the weather underground.
2054:
Presents Robespierre as the origin of Fascist dictators.
2016:
Cobban, Alfred. "The Fundamental Ideas of Robespierre",
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Bean, Jennifer M.; Horak, Laura; Kapse, Anupama (2014).
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Robespierre : portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat
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of the Convention, similar to previous ones during the
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Robespierre à la Société des Jacobins - Auguste Raffet
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had been executed a year earlier. He was executed by
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List of people associated with the French Revolution
2308:. "Robespierre and the Popular Movement of 1793–4",
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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3197:
3124:
3069:
3050:
3023:
2960:
2896:
2791:
2724:
2673:
2627:
2600:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2510:
2483:
1787:
Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution
1843:The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre
955:'s terracotta bust of 1791 was bought for the new
1450:The French Revolution: An Economic Interpretation
980:groups took his name: the Robespierre Company in
650:Although he only accused three deputies by name (
4436:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2253:. Revolutions. Translated by Howe, John. Verso.
2006:Vol. 61, No. 239 (January 1946), pp. 45–80
914:proposed erecting a statue in the garden of the
716:and Hanriot consulted on the first floor of the
411:On 27 July 1793, Robespierre was elected to the
2231:Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française,
1960:Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française,
39:
2478:Significant civil and political events by year
2174:Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française
2126:Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française
2062:Deep Republicanism: Prelude to Professionalism
1904:Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution
1862:Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre
1619:
2365:
1913:A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution
1585:. Chatto and Windus – via Google Books.
8:
5531:
5490:
5466:
5447:
4431:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
2234:no. 1, pp. 115–135. Armand Colin, 2013.
2229:
2040:Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator
1986:
1967:
1958:
967:, with bronzes of other figures of the time.
503:Division within the Revolutionary Government
1362:Discours du 8 thermidor an II (Robespierre)
788:, Danton and Desmoulins had been executed.
544:would be centralised, with almost all the
5433:
5328:
5117:
4635:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
4518:
4217:
3891:
3868:
3114:
2473:
2372:
2358:
2350:
1963:no. 1, pp. 73–93. Armand Colin, 2013.
491:members of the Cordeliers Club, including
36:
4900:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4558:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4381:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
2185:
2616:Nationalization of the Church properties
2020:Vol. 63, No. 246 (1948), pp. 29–51
1804:Jordan, David P. (1977). "Robespierre".
1699:Atlas de l'architecture et du patrimoine
753:the HĂ´tel de Ville and made the arrest.
5561:Historiography of the French Revolution
4832:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4543:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2150:"The choices of Maximilien Robespierre"
1749:Silent Cinema and the Politics of Space
1116:
1019:
536:promoted by de-Christianizers like the
352:is the series of events beginning with
27:1794 event during the French Revolution
4568:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4523:Other significant figures and factions
1730:
1607:
1595:
1541:
1511:
1496:
1373:
1349:
1334:
1319:
1307:
1283:
1247:
1211:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1065:
1053:
1029:
906:In 1909, a committee presided over by
407:Purge of the HĂ©bertists and Dantonists
4615:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4371:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4310:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4268:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
2748:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2312:, No. 5. (May 1954), pp. 54–70.
1969:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales:
1568:
1553:
1526:
1484:
1385:
1295:
1271:
1235:
1089:
1041:
60:Fall of Robespierre in the Convention
7:
5596:1794 events of the French Revolution
4769:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4181:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
2968:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1667:See René & Peter van der Krogt,
1259:
1223:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1101:
1077:
849:). The monument was commissioned by
4376:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1845:. The University of Chicago Press.
5566:Influence of the French Revolution
5556:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4320:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4281:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2536:Convocation of the Estates General
1697:See DĂ©partement Seine-Saint-DĂ©nis
1448:Aftalion, Florin (22 March 1990).
25:
5208:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4940:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4242:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4024:François Christophe de Kellermann
3263:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1768:Robespierre: A Revolutionary Life
976:In the Second World War, several
4935:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4842:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4812:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4703:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4481:
4446:
4416:
4391:
4348:
4222:
4099:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3880:
2652:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
2337:
2276:Robespierre: The Voice of Virtue
957:Musée de la Révolution française
746:Musée de la Révolution française
285:
274:
263:
252:
241:
165:
130:
53:
5273:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5020:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4945:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4156:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
4151:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4131:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3959:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2877:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1686:for photographs by Agnès Paty:
1581:Sanson, Henri (12 March 1876).
992:formed by Marcel Claeys in the
988:, under Captain Laplace; and a
806:fr:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
667:Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
660:Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret
5546:Women in the French Revolution
5148:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4325:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3989:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3618:French invasion of Switzerland
2202:. Princeton University Press.
1951:114#1 2011, pp. 103–128.
1669:Statues – Hither & Thither
1452:. Cambridge University Press.
589:More opposition came from the
350:Fall of Maximilien Robespierre
319:Various people were executed:
1:
5551:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5370:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5158:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4289:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4260:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3557:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3310:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3284:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3093:Constitution of the Year VIII
2828:Committee of General Security
2713:National Legislative Assembly
2568:National Constituent Assembly
2249:(2017). Ducange, Jean (ed.).
2038:Eagan, James Michael (1978).
773:French Revolutionary Calendar
766:Committee of General Security
591:Committee of General Security
477:(also known as Dantonists or
157:Committee of General Security
5469:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5263:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5153:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5050:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4950:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4640:Charles Malo François Lameth
4315:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4146:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4089:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3289:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2976:Constitution of the Year III
2094:"Robespierre and the Terror"
1751:. Indiana University Press.
1620:Bean, Horak & Kapse 2014
771:The next day, according the
458:, as well as leaders of the
438:and the moderate right-wing
5365:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4990:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4925:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4885:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4764:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4749:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4744:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4553:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4406:William V, Prince of Orange
3276:First Battle of Wissembourg
3233:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2949:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2818:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
2775:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
2635:Abolition of the Parlements
2608:Women's March on Versailles
2267:Rudé, George. "Robespierre"
2214:A sympathetic study of the
2042:. New York: Octagon Books.
1911:Stewart, John Hall (1951).
946:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
831:Metro station "Robespierre"
691:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
671:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
5622:
5500:French Republican calendar
5055:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4680:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
4034:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3984:Charles François Dumouriez
3974:Jacques François Dugommier
3788:League of Armed Neutrality
3621:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
3573:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3396:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3375:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3039:Second Congress of Rastatt
2823:Committee of Public Safety
2810:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2285:82#1 2010, pp. 1–29.
2271:(Apr 1958) 8#4 pp 221–229.
2216:Committee of Public Safety
2104:(8): 23–29. Archived from
2069:American Historical Review
1939:Abbott, John Stevens Cabot
1887:. New York: Viking Press.
1789:. Henry Holt and Company.
732:Arrestation de Robespierre
704:, Couthon, Saint-Just and
583:Raymond Quinsac Monvoisin
413:Committee of Public Safety
346:Coup d'Ă©tat of 9 Thermidor
29:
5606:Deaths by person in Paris
5515:Cult of the Supreme Being
5443:
5432:
5338:
5327:
4675:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4530:Patriotic Society of 1789
4517:
4333:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4255:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
3867:
3772:Convention of Alessandria
3113:
3058:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2519:What Is the Third Estate?
2472:
2387:
2283:Journal of Modern History
2245:Robespierre, Maximilien;
2018:English Historical Review
2004:English Historical Review
1860:Jordan, David P. (2013).
1841:Jordan, David P. (1985).
1806:Journal of Modern History
1770:. Yale University Press.
638:The attack on 9 Thermidor
530:Cult of the Supreme Being
309:
296:
197:
122:
66:
52:
44:
5223:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5188:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5070:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5040:François-Nicolas Vincent
5025:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4199:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4094:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4074:François Séverin Marceau
4054:François Joseph Lefebvre
3949:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3924:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3919:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3914:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3904:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3626:French Invasion of Egypt
3504:Second Battle of Bassano
3238:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3012:Conspiracy of the Equals
2705:The Constitution of 1791
2576:Storming of the Bastille
2032:European Romantic Review
5203:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5075:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5035:Antoine-François Momoro
5030:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4847:François de Neufchâteau
4797:Charles-François Lebrun
4739:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4620:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4496:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4302:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4297:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3929:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3743:Second Battle of Zurich
3634:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3480:First Battle of Bassano
3318:Second Battle of Boulou
3119:Revolutionary campaigns
3077:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2992:Council of Five Hundred
2780:First republic declared
2716:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
2697:Declaration of Pillnitz
2421:Constitutional monarchy
1092:, p. 284-285, 297.
922:'s marble Altar of the
32:The Fall of Robespierre
5601:Maximilien Robespierre
5532:
5491:
5467:
5448:
4960:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
4955:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4865:Maximilien Robespierre
4698:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4563:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3994:Louis-Charles de Flers
3979:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3944:Jean François Carteaux
3719:First Battle of Zurich
3682:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
3637:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
3597:Treaty of Campo Formio
3343:Glorious First of June
3271:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3230:Expedition to Sardinia
2908:Desmoulins guillotined
2843:Assassination of Marat
2835:Fall of the Girondists
2807:Revolutionary Tribunal
2799:Execution of Louis XVI
2689:Champ de Mars massacre
2592:Abolition of Feudalism
2302:(Manchester UP, 2016).
2295:223.1 (2014): 129–160.
2230:
2196:Palmer, Robert Roswell
2071:119.3 (2014): 689–713.
1987:
1968:
1959:
1902:Schama, Simon (1989).
1766:McPhee, Peter (2012).
809:
778:Place de la RĂ©volution
749:
733:
724:10 Thermidor (28 July)
686:
656:François René Mallarmé
639:
631:
586:
524:
514:
384:Place de la RĂ©volution
354:Maximilien Robespierre
238:Maximilien Robespierre
222:Pierre-Louis Bentabole
198:Commanders and leaders
40:Coup of 9–10 Thermidor
5405:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4670:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4650:Jean-François Rewbell
4136:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4019:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4009:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3780:Battle of Hohenlinden
3653:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3488:Battle of Emmendingen
3435:Battle of Castiglione
3322:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3253:Battle of Hondschoote
2924:Thermidorian Reaction
2888:(throughout the year)
2661:Fête de la Fédération
2587:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
2571:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2555:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2326:75.2 (2013): 237–261.
2034:31.2 (2020): 199–218.
1997:présentation en ligne
1993:présentation en ligne
1975:71.2 (2016): 189–216
1883:Rudé, George (1976).
1006:Thermidorian Reaction
841:Plaques and monuments
799:
739:
731:
684:
677:9 Thermidor (27 July)
637:
629:
622:8 Thermidor (26 July)
582:
520:
510:
440:citra-revolutionaries
436:ultra-revolutionaries
396:Thermidorian Reaction
310:Casualties and losses
5333:Influential thinkers
5080:Jean-François Varlet
4980:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4975:Jean Bon Saint-André
4802:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4724:Marquis de Condorcet
4573:Nicolas de Condorcet
4338:Dagobert von Wurmser
4171:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4114:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4029:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3964:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3954:Chapuis de Tourville
3496:Battle of Schliengen
3443:Battle of Theiningen
3364:Battle of Aldenhoven
3248:Battle of Wattignies
3217:Battle of Neerwinden
3031:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2544:Death of the Dauphin
2346:at Wikimedia Commons
2058:Hodges, Donald Clark
1906:. New York: Vintage.
1866:Simon & Schuster
1785:Scurr, Ruth (2007).
1718:www.nella-buscot.com
1364:– French Wikisource.
953:Claude-André Deseine
920:François-Léon Sicard
879:Abbey of Saint-Vaast
847:Robespierre Monument
782:Charles-Henri Sanson
652:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
425:Law of 14th Frimaire
380:Jean-Lambert Tallien
282:Augustin Robespierre
212:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5420:Mary Wollstonecraft
5198:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4985:Pierre Louis Prieur
4930:Jean-Henri Voulland
4905:Jacques-Louis David
4837:Jean Joseph Mounier
4538:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4176:Belgrand de Vaubois
4064:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4004:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3809:Treaty of Lunéville
3448:Battle of Neresheim
3393:Siege of Luxembourg
3372:Siege of Luxembourg
3327:Battle of Tourcoing
3258:Siege of Bellegarde
3085:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2997:Council of Ancients
2772:National Convention
2764:September Massacres
2740:Brunswick Manifesto
2732:France declares war
2499:Assembly of Vizille
2168:McPhee, P. (2013).
2077:Archives nationales
1733:, pp. 282–291.
1214:, pp. 198–199.
924:National Convention
890:Paris and elsewhere
819:Liberation of Paris
556:drafted by him and
512:Jacques-René Hébert
358:National Convention
249:Louis de Saint-Just
227:Charles-André Merda
147:National Convention
5258:Loménie de Brienne
5233:Madame de Lamballe
5168:Napoléon Bonaparte
4965:Prieur de la Marne
4880:Camille Desmoulins
4734:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4610:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4605:Arnaud de La Porte
4461:Alexander Korsakov
4247:Count of Clerfayt
4166:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4079:Auguste de Marmont
3934:Napoléon Bonaparte
3825:Algeciras campaign
3817:Treaty of Florence
3695:Battle of Stockach
3528:Ireland expedition
3512:Battle of Calliano
3472:Battle of Rovereto
3464:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
2916:Law of 22 Prairial
2885:Anti-clerical laws
2860:The Death of Marat
2681:Flight to Varennes
2293:Past & Present
2278:(Routledge, 2017).
2237:Popkin, Jeremy D.
2187:10.4000/ahrf.12695
2138:10.4000/ahrf.12700
2064:. Lexington Books.
1598:, pp. 845–46.
1411:on 3 December 2018
1274:, p. 330-331.
1179:, p. 194-195.
1167:, p. 189-191.
912:Georges Clemenceau
829:. There is also a
810:
802:fr:L'Incorruptible
758:Charles-André Meda
750:
734:
687:
640:
632:
617:Events of the Fall
587:
554:Law of 22 Prairial
525:
515:
493:Camille Desmoulins
454:) gathered around
356:'s address to the
305:c. 3,000 loyalists
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5457:Cockade of France
5428:
5427:
5390:Antoine Lavoisier
5380:Benjamin Franklin
5360:Anacharsis Cloots
5323:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5243:Louis de Breteuil
5085:Theophile Leclerc
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4466:Alexander Suvorov
4207:
4206:
4141:JĂłzef Poniatowski
4059:Étienne Macdonald
3863:
3862:
3764:Battle of Marengo
3727:Battle of Trebbia
3711:Battle of Cassano
3703:Battle of Magnano
3687:Battle of Ostrach
3589:Battle of Neuwied
3351:Battle of Fleurus
3335:Battle of Tournay
3212:War in the Vendée
3148:Royalist Revolts
3109:
3108:
2666:
2642:Abolition of the
2560:Tennis Court Oath
2552:National Assembly
2381:French Revolution
2342:Media related to
2298:Smyth, Jonathan.
2260:978-1-7866-3337-8
2251:Virtue and Terror
2209:978-0-6910-5119-2
2049:978-0-3749-2440-9
1922:978-0-7581-9211-0
1894:978-0-6706-0128-8
1875:978-1-4767-2571-0
1852:978-0-2264-1037-1
1796:978-1-4668-0578-1
1777:978-0-3001-1811-7
1758:978-0-2530-1507-5
1671:for photographs:
1459:978-0-5213-6810-0
978:French Resistance
602:Battle of Fleurus
483:), formed around
423:, and the latter
342:
341:
323:21 Robespierrists
118:
117:
47:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
5613:
5537:
5525:Temple of Reason
5496:
5472:
5453:
5434:
5385:Thomas Jefferson
5329:
5248:de Chateaubriand
5178:Joseph Bonaparte
5173:Lucien Bonaparte
5163:Marie Antoinette
5118:
5105:Sylvain Maréchal
5060:François Hanriot
4895:Louis Philippe I
4822:Louis Philippe I
4817:Philippe Égalité
4759:Olympe de Gouges
4729:Charlotte Corday
4719:Étienne Clavière
4519:
4501:Antonio Ricardos
4486:
4485:
4471:Andrei Rosenberg
4451:
4450:
4421:
4420:
4396:
4395:
4366:Ralph Abercromby
4353:
4352:
4328:
4305:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4263:
4250:
4227:
4226:
4218:
4122:
4069:Marcellin Marbot
3892:
3885:
3884:
3873:Military leaders
3869:
3856:
3848:
3844:Treaty of Amiens
3829:
3821:
3813:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3747:
3746:(25–26 Sep 1799)
3739:
3731:
3730:(17–20 Jun 1799)
3723:
3715:
3714:(27–28 Apr 1799)
3707:
3699:
3691:
3690:(20–21 Mar 1799)
3683:
3675:
3671:Second Coalition
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3581:Treaty of Leoben
3577:
3569:
3568:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3565:Battle of Rivoli
3561:
3553:
3549:Italian campaign
3532:
3524:
3523:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3520:Battle of Arcole
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3456:Battle of Amberg
3452:
3439:
3431:
3427:Battle of Lonato
3423:
3419:Italian campaign
3397:
3376:
3368:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3314:
3293:
3292:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3280:
3272:
3234:
3226:
3222:Battle of Famars
3190:
3115:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3062:
3043:
3035:
3016:
3008:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2684:(20–21 Jun 1791)
2664:
2656:
2648:
2639:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2503:
2495:
2491:Day of the Tiles
2474:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2341:
2310:Past and Present
2264:
2233:
2213:
2191:
2189:
2180:(371): 137–152.
2164:
2154:
2141:
2132:(371): 153–173.
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:on 13 March 2007
2080:
2053:
1990:
1971:
1962:
1926:
1907:
1898:
1879:
1856:
1837:
1800:
1781:
1762:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1404:. Archived from
1403:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1155:, p. 41-42.
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1104:, p. 40-41.
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
972:Resistance units
944:depicts him and
942:Épinay-sur-Seine
897:rue Saint-Honoré
792:Public memorials
710:François Hanriot
562:Collot d'Herbois
532:in place of the
289:
278:
271:François Hanriot
267:
256:
245:
170:
169:
168:
135:
134:
133:
68:
67:
57:
37:
21:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5575:
5450:La Marseillaise
5439:
5438:Cultural impact
5424:
5334:
5315:
5282:
5238:Madame du Barry
5228:Catherine Théot
5218:Thérésa Tallien
5109:
5100:Gracchus Babeuf
5045:François Chabot
5002:
4994:
4915:Georges Couthon
4910:Marquis de Sade
4875:Jean-Paul Marat
4851:
4807:Bertrand Barère
4773:
4684:
4665:Boissy d'Anglas
4660:Madame de Staël
4625:Antoine Barnave
4593:
4586:
4577:
4524:
4505:
4480:
4475:
4445:
4440:
4415:
4410:
4390:
4385:
4347:
4342:
4326:
4303:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4237:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4221:
4203:
4185:
4126:Nicolas Oudinot
4116:
4049:Claude Lecourbe
4044:Charles Leclerc
3939:Guillaume Brune
3909:Pierre Augereau
3879:
3874:
3859:
3854:
3852:Treaty of Paris
3846:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3405:
3395:
3379:
3374:
3366:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3312:
3296:
3291:
3278:
3270:
3268:Siege of Toulon
3232:
3224:
3207:First Coalition
3193:
3184:
3120:
3105:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3065:
3060:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3019:
3014:
3006:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2869:Law of Suspects
2863:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2817:
2815:Reign of Terror
2809:
2801:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2669:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2595:(4–11 Aug 1789)
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2528:RĂ©veillon riots
2522:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2479:
2468:
2383:
2378:
2334:
2329:
2261:
2244:
2225:Courier, 2013).
2221:Parry, Albert.
2210:
2194:
2167:
2152:
2144:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2092:(August 2006).
2088:
2074:
2050:
2037:
1973:English Edition
1949:Representations
1934:
1932:Further reading
1929:
1923:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1882:
1876:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1803:
1797:
1784:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1662:
1647:10.2307/1511500
1631:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1002:
974:
892:
863:
843:
815:
794:
726:
679:
645:Reign of Terror
624:
619:
595:Catherine Théot
584:
558:Georges Couthon
505:
487:as well as the
468:Cordeliers Club
446:(also known as
427:, becoming the
421:Law of Suspects
409:
404:
373:Reign of Terror
292:
260:Georges Couthon
231:
174:
166:
164:
139:
131:
129:
111:Reign of Terror
87:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5619:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5520:Cult of Reason
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5464:
5462:Flag of France
5459:
5454:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5268:Jacques Necker
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5090:Claire Lacombe
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5015:Jacques HĂ©bert
5011:
5009:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Georges Danton
4867:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4714:Henri Grégoire
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4655:Camille Jordan
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4359:
4357:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4299:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3735:Battle of Novi
3732:
3724:
3722:(4–7 Jun 1799)
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3515:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3509:
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3440:
3432:
3430:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3424:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3401:Peace of Basel
3398:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Siege of Mainz
3240:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3179:
3174:
3172:Siege of Mainz
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3004:13 Vendémiaire
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2981:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2856:
2851:Levée en masse
2848:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2756:10th of August
2753:
2745:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2649:
2640:
2638:(Feb–Jul 1790)
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2333:
2332:External links
2330:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2306:Soboul, Albert
2303:
2296:
2289:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2242:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2208:
2192:
2165:
2157:H-France Salon
2146:Linton, Marisa
2142:
2122:Linton, Marisa
2118:
2090:Linton, Marisa
2086:
2081:
2072:
2065:
2055:
2048:
2035:
2028:
2014:
2000:
1980:
1964:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1880:
1874:
1857:
1851:
1838:
1818:10.1086/241568
1812:(2): 282–291.
1801:
1795:
1782:
1776:
1763:
1757:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1723:
1705:
1690:
1675:
1660:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1573:
1571:, p. 357.
1558:
1556:, p. 354.
1546:
1544:, p. 219.
1531:
1529:, p. 253.
1516:
1514:, p. 218.
1501:
1499:, p. 217.
1489:
1487:, p. 352.
1474:
1465:
1458:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1390:
1388:, p. 350.
1378:
1376:, p. 216.
1366:
1354:
1352:, p. 215.
1339:
1337:, p. 213.
1324:
1322:, p. 207.
1312:
1310:, p. 209.
1300:
1298:, p. 340.
1288:
1286:, p. 205.
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 328.
1252:
1250:, p. 204.
1240:
1238:, p. 328.
1228:
1216:
1204:
1193:
1191:, p. 196.
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1119:, p. 519.
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1068:, p. 220.
1058:
1056:, p. 218.
1046:
1044:, p. 347.
1034:
1032:, p. 214.
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1001:
998:
973:
970:
969:
968:
949:
938:
931:
904:
891:
888:
887:
886:
883:HĂ´tel de Ville
871:
868:
862:
859:
851:Vladimir Lenin
842:
839:
814:
811:
793:
790:
725:
722:
718:HĂ´tel de Ville
678:
675:
623:
620:
618:
615:
585:Le 9 Thermidor
534:Cult of Reason
522:Georges Danton
504:
501:
485:Georges Danton
456:Jacques HĂ©bert
408:
405:
403:
400:
340:
339:
338:
337:
330:
324:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
299:
298:
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293:
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290:
279:
268:
257:
246:
234:
232:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
203:
200:
199:
195:
194:
193:
192:
185:
182:National Guard
161:
160:
159:
154:
152:National Guard
149:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:
107:
93:
89:
88:
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
50:
49:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5618:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:Sans-culottes
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:Metric system
5503:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5330:
5326:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5304:Panthéon Club
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Joachim Murat
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:Gilbert Romme
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:de Cambacérès
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:Madame Roland
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:André Chénier
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Grace Elliott
4598:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4516:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Joseph Souham
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Joachim Murat
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:André Masséna
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3870:
3866:
3855:(25 Jun 1802)
3853:
3850:
3847:(25 Mar 1802)
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3826:
3823:
3820:(18 Mar 1801)
3818:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3775:(15 Jun 1800)
3773:
3770:
3767:(14 Jun 1800)
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3741:
3738:(15 Aug 1799)
3736:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3698:(25 Mar 1799)
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3679:Siege of Acre
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3651:
3650:Peasants' War
3648:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3600:(17 Oct 1797)
3598:
3595:
3592:(18 Apr 1797)
3590:
3587:
3584:(17 Apr 1797)
3582:
3579:
3576:(25 Jan 1797)
3574:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3560:(13 Jan 1797)
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:(26 Oct 1796)
3497:
3494:
3491:(19 Oct 1796)
3489:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3459:(24 Aug 1796)
3457:
3454:
3451:(11 Aug 1796)
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:(26 Jun 1794)
3352:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3338:(22 May 1794)
3336:
3333:
3330:(18 May 1794)
3328:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3313:(24 Apr 1794)
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3279:(13 Oct 1793)
3277:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3225:(23 May 1793)
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3099:
3096:(24 Dec 1799)
3094:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3080:(18 Jun 1799)
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3061:(11 May 1798)
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2979:(22 Aug 1795)
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2952:(11 Nov 1794)
2950:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2936:(28 Jul 1794)
2933:
2930:
2927:(27 Jul 1794)
2925:
2922:
2919:(10 Jun 1794)
2917:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2883:
2880:(16 Oct 1793)
2878:
2875:
2872:(17 Sep 1793)
2870:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:(23 Aug 1793)
2852:
2849:
2846:(13 Jul 1793)
2844:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2802:(21 Jan 1793)
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2783:(22 Sep 1792)
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2759:(10 Aug 1792)
2757:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2743:(25 Jul 1792)
2741:
2738:
2735:(20 Apr 1792)
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2700:(27 Aug 1791)
2698:
2695:
2692:(17 Jul 1791)
2690:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2665:(14 Jul 1790)
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:(12 Jul 1790)
2653:
2650:
2647:(23 Jun 1790)
2645:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2603:(26 Aug 1789)
2601:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2579:(14 Jul 1789)
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2563:(20 Jun 1789)
2561:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:(4 June 1789)
2545:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2531:(28 Apr 1789)
2529:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2502:(21 Jul 1788)
2500:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:Ancien RĂ©gime
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2324:The Historian
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:Scott, Otto.
2273:
2270:
2269:History Today
2266:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:Žižek, Slavoj
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2176:(in French).
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:(in French).
2127:
2123:
2119:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:History Today
2095:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:. Macmillan.
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:Design Issues
1628:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:, p. 47.
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1143:, p. 42.
1142:
1137:
1134:
1131:, p. 41.
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1080:, p. 38.
1079:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
893:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:
865:
864:
860:
858:
856:
855:Kresty prison
852:
848:
840:
838:
836:
835:Popular Front
832:
828:
824:
820:
812:
807:
803:
798:
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
747:
743:
742:Thermidorians
738:
730:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
708:– as well as
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
683:
676:
674:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
636:
628:
621:
616:
614:
610:
607:
606:Lazare Carnot
603:
598:
596:
592:
581:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
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189:Sans-culottes
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176:Supported by:
173:
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138:
137:Thermidorians
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5541:Phrygian cap
5486:Bastille Day
5400:Thomas Paine
5355:Edmund Burke
5350:Beaumarchais
5344:Les Lumières
5342:
5183:Joseph Fesch
5095:Pauline LĂ©on
5065:Jacques Roux
5004:
4588:
4014:Lazare Hoche
3999:Paul Grenier
3969:Louis Desaix
3828:(8 Jul 1801)
3812:(9 Feb 1801)
3783:(3 Dec 1800)
3706:(5 Apr 1799)
3507:(6 Nov 1796)
3483:(8 Sep 1796)
3475:(4 Sep 1796)
3467:(3 Sep 1796)
3438:(5 Aug 1796)
3367:(2 Oct 1794)
3346:(1 Jun 1794)
3088:(9 Nov 1799)
3034:(4 Sep 1797)
2971:(1 Apr 1795)
2941:White Terror
2934:guillotined
2911:(5 Apr 1794)
2858:
2838:(2 Jun 1793)
2708:(3 Sep 1791)
2659:
2619:(2 Nov 1789)
2611:(5 Oct 1789)
2539:(5 May 1789)
2517:
2494:(7 Jun 1788)
2461:
2454:
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2106:the original
2101:
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1983:Richard Cobb
1972:
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1406:the original
1393:
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1097:
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975:
908:René Viviani
901:Conciergerie
844:
822:
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813:Street names
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123:Belligerents
97:Thermidorian
95:
74:27 July 1794
62:by Max Adamo
59:
45:Part of the
5410:Abbé Sieyès
5395:Montesquieu
5311:Social Club
5253:Jean Chouan
5143:Louis XVIII
4920:Roger Ducos
4890:Paul Barras
4857:Montagnards
4787:Abbé Sieyès
4590:monarchiens
4398:Netherlands
4327:(Hungarian)
4275:(Hungarian)
4191:French Navy
4117: [
4039:Jean Lannes
3896:French Army
3674:(1798–1802)
3645:(1798–1800)
3629:(1798–1801)
3359:Chouannerie
3320:(Pyrenees)
3185: [
3152:Chouannerie
2944:(Fall 1794)
2932:Robespierre
2344:9 Thermidor
1740:Works cited
1731:Jordan 1977
1608:Jordan 2013
1596:Schama 1989
1542:McPhee 2012
1512:McPhee 2012
1497:McPhee 2012
1374:McPhee 2012
1350:McPhee 2012
1335:McPhee 2012
1320:McPhee 2012
1308:McPhee 2012
1284:McPhee 2012
1248:Jordan 1985
1212:McPhee 2012
1189:McPhee 2012
1177:McPhee 2012
1165:McPhee 2012
1066:Jordan 1985
1054:Jordan 1985
1030:McPhee 2012
965:Montpellier
935:Saint-Denis
762:antechamber
702:his brother
207:Paul Barras
184:(loyalists)
109:End of the
105:Montagnards
18:9 Thermidor
5590:Categories
5299:Cordeliers
5213:Talleyrand
5138:Louis XVII
5000:HĂ©bertists
4754:Jean Debry
4584:Feuillants
4213:Opposition
4109:Michel Ney
3531:(Dec 1796)
3139:Thionville
3042:(Dec 1797)
3015:(May 1796)
3007:5 Oct 1795
2984:Directoire
2864:(painting)
2767:(Sep 1792)
2751:(Jun 1792)
2584:Great Fear
2523:(Jan 1789)
2414:Revolution
1569:Scurr 2007
1554:Scurr 2007
1527:Scurr 2007
1485:Scurr 2007
1386:Scurr 2007
1296:Scurr 2007
1272:Scurr 2007
1236:Scurr 2007
1090:Scurr 2007
1042:Scurr 2007
1012:References
574:Saint-Just
566:Lepeletier
538:HĂ©bertists
489:indulgents
480:Indulgents
448:HĂ©bertists
419:, such as
417:the Terror
402:Background
392:guillotine
334:Montagnard
328:Communards
5133:Louis XVI
5128:Charles X
4779:The Plain
4690:Girondins
4630:Lafayette
4291:(Walloon)
4273:Pál Kray
4249:(Walloon)
3791:(1800–02)
3642:Quasi-War
3101:Consulate
2987:(1795–99)
2442:Consulate
2435:Directory
2112:29 August
1834:222428259
1415:9 January
1260:Rudé 1976
1224:Rudé 1976
1153:Rudé 1976
1141:Rudé 1976
1129:Rudé 1976
1102:Rudé 1976
1078:Rudé 1976
951:In 1986,
916:Tuileries
827:Montreuil
786:Louis XVI
546:tribunals
388:Louis XVI
362:Thermidor
5493:Panthéon
5481:Muscadin
5476:Marianne
5415:Voltaire
5294:Jacobins
5287:Factions
4827:Mirabeau
4283:(French)
3177:Jemappes
3161:Dauphiné
2644:Nobility
2456:Journals
2449:Glossary
2428:Republic
2400:Timeline
2198:(1941).
2148:(2015).
1000:See also
928:Panthéon
875:Art Deco
464:exagérés
462:and the
452:Exagérés
429:de facto
336:deputies
297:Strength
172:Jacobins
103:Fall of
99:victory
86:, France
79:Location
5375:Diderot
5121:Figures
5006:Enragés
4712:Father
4423:Prussia
4355:Britain
4304:(Saxon)
4262:(Swiss)
4229:Austria
2060:(2003)
1826:1876343
1655:1511500
961:Vizille
764:of the
695:Tallien
568:'s and
466:of the
365:Year II
348:or the
315:Unknown
302:Unknown
5114:Others
4453:Russia
3887:France
3552:(1797)
3422:(1796)
3157:Vendée
3134:Verdun
2961:1795–6
2904:Danton
2463:Museum
2393:Causes
2318:649823
2316:
2287:online
2257:
2241:(2018)
2206:
2046:
2026:555187
2024:
2012:554837
2010:
1977:online
1953:online
1919:
1891:
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1849:
1832:
1824:
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990:maquis
706:Le Bas
658:, and
542:Terror
475:Citras
444:Ultras
442:. The
284:
273:
262:
251:
240:
92:Result
5571:Films
4488:Spain
4121:]
3189:]
3182:Namur
3167:Lille
3144:Valmy
2314:JSTOR
2163:(14).
2153:(PDF)
2022:JSTOR
2008:JSTOR
1830:S2CID
1822:JSTOR
1651:JSTOR
1409:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
986:RhĂ´ne
861:Arras
825:, at
714:Dumas
570:Marat
369:purge
360:on 8
84:Paris
5003:and
4587:and
3837:1802
3801:1801
3756:1800
3663:1799
3610:1798
3541:1797
3411:1796
3385:1795
3302:1794
3199:1793
3126:1792
3070:1799
3051:1798
3024:1797
2906:and
2897:1794
2792:1793
2725:1792
2674:1791
2628:1790
2511:1789
2484:1788
2255:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2114:2006
2044:ISBN
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1889:ISBN
1870:ISBN
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1682:See
1454:ISBN
1417:2019
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669:and
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