29:
3225:
189:, after a BBC producer misheard his nickname. Chetnik was however not the only one who discovered the galaxy. First the galaxy was classified on the website by volunteers, including Chetnik and then it was followed-up with professional telescopes by astronomers, who named it Red Radio Ring (RRR) or 9io9 after its Space Warps identifier.
159:, while the lensed galaxy is 10 billion light-years (3.1 Gpc) distant and is designated ASW0009io9 (shortened to 9io9). It was discovered in January 2014 by a group of citizen scientists, while classifying images on the website Spacewarps.org. The discovery was announced on the
309:
3257:
664:
380:
205 μm. The velocity structure of the nitrogen is similar to carbon monoxide and they concluded that both share the same volume. The ratio of the nitrogen
3262:
229:-SPIRE 500 μm images to identify strongly lensed DSFGs, and identification of 9io9 as the strongest lensed DSFG in the 278 GHz maps from the
206:
197:
lists ASW0009io9 as one of the official names. The name 9io9 is the official name of this galaxy and 9Spitch is a name adopted by one newspaper.
1022:
Geach, J. E.; Lopez-Rodriguez, E.; Doherty, M. J.; Chen, Jianhang; Ivison, R. J.; Bendo, G. J.; Dye, S.; Coppin, K. E. K. (6 September 2023).
372:(2019) reports four independent detections of the Red Radio Ring, including the detection with Space Warps. In their paper they report new
640:
294:
404:
for 9io9, the furthest detected magnetic field ever detected at the time of the discovery. The field is a thousand times weaker than
205:
The Red Radio Ring (RRR) was discovered by four independent groups, including the Space Warps project using deep images from the
194:
1175:
3252:
3111:
320:
1694:
3247:
373:
1784:
1699:
3195:
1774:
1674:
1140:
1132:
230:
181:
mistakenly named the galaxy 9Spitch and spread the news that
Chetnik was the only discoverer of this galaxy. The term
1124:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1200:
222:
210:
1023:
331:
as a tracer of star formation. It was estimated that the total star formation rate of the molecular ring is about
3167:
1504:
435:
405:
323:(ALMA) 12-meter antennas in December 2017 as part of project 2017.1.00814.S. The data revealed the presence of
154:
28:
275:
1100:
1595:
1195:
312:
101:
1992:
1552:
1379:
1184:
1148:
1048:
969:
906:
833:
774:
719:
553:
495:
234:
1779:
528:"A Magnified View of Circumnuclear Star Formation and Feedback around an Active Galactic Nucleus at
221:
images at 350 μm to identify strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) and follow up with
1168:
385:
362:
216:
142:
1769:
270:. The source reconstruction supports a compact core and an extended region, maybe indicative of a
1038:
959:
924:
896:
823:
792:
764:
709:
571:
543:
485:
134:
1144:
1219:
1074:
861:
287:
271:
40:
2745:
1789:
1814:
1689:
1064:
1056:
977:
914:
851:
841:
782:
727:
690:"Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Observations of Extremely Luminous High-
561:
503:
416:
was measured and the magnetic fields are orientated parallel to the gas disk of the galaxy.
361:. This is explained as a possible interaction between material outflowing from the AGN and
245:
33:
ALMA image of 9io9, showing the magnetic field in the 11 billion light years distant galaxy.
944:"The 'Red Radio Ring': ionized and molecular gas in a starburst/active galactic nucleus at
3086:
351:
328:
241:
165:
60:
1860:
1069:
1052:
973:
910:
837:
778:
723:
557:
499:
3267:
3228:
3129:
3076:
3071:
1974:
1161:
856:
811:
401:
283:
253:
3241:
3091:
787:
748:
618:
470:"The Red Radio Ring: a gravitationally lensed hyperluminous infrared radio galaxy at
347:
324:
297:(NOEMA) and detailed reconstruction of the lensed galaxy suggests an approximately 3-
249:
48:
1684:
928:
575:
3051:
1344:
1247:
1094:
796:
413:
279:
256:
in the lensed galaxy. This study suggests a high star forming rate of about 2500
3036:
1915:
1900:
1282:
1277:
1272:
885:= 3 – 2) Mapping and Lens Modeling of an ACT-selected Dusty Star-forming Galaxy"
589:
72:
1060:
919:
880:
566:
527:
1982:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1819:
1809:
1714:
1493:
1334:
1262:
1242:
1237:
1227:
409:
381:
334:
302:
258:
178:
145:
107:
3208:
3157:
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3147:
3142:
3137:
1875:
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1709:
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1517:
1364:
1359:
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1349:
1267:
1252:
1232:
982:
943:
846:
812:"On the redshift distribution and physical properties of ACT-selected DSFGs"
508:
469:
350:
travelling twice the velocity of the rotation of the molecular ring, with a
267:
1078:
998:
865:
732:
689:
240:
The galaxy was studied with the Large
Millimetre Telescope, which detected
3203:
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1739:
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1580:
1542:
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1369:
1339:
1329:
1302:
1297:
1257:
1153:
377:
82:
3162:
3101:
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3026:
3021:
3016:
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2905:
2900:
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2855:
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2815:
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2800:
2795:
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2700:
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2615:
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2600:
2595:
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2515:
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2500:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
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2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
1951:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1724:
1719:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1532:
1522:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1324:
1292:
1287:
1112:
3056:
3041:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1965:
1943:
1603:
1560:
1512:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1317:
1312:
1104:
749:"Candidate Gravitationally Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxies in the
389:
298:
190:
149:
138:
111:
1043:
964:
901:
828:
769:
714:
548:
490:
474:= 2.553 discovered through the citizen science project Space Warps"
308:
3031:
1704:
1024:"Polarized thermal emission from dust in a galaxy at redshift 2.6"
590:"NED Wright's Javascript Cosmology Calculator - light travel time"
307:
53:
1307:
1210:
1157:
3046:
160:
999:"Furthest ever detection of a galaxy's magnetic field"
388:
and less a galaxy with star-formation influenced by a
942:
Harrington, Kevin C.; et al. (September 2019).
613:
611:
609:
607:
384:
and the infrared luminosity resembles more a normal
278:(AGN). The galaxy might be in the center of a large
3194:
3128:
3009:
1991:
1973:
1964:
1942:
1836:
1667:
1594:
1551:
1503:
1378:
1218:
1209:
118:
100:
81:
71:
59:
47:
38:
21:
400:In 2023 observations with ALMA helped to detect a
952:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
816:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
702:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
478:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
376:(APEX) observations, presenting the detection of
266:or a thousand times the star forming rate of the
124:G1, G2, HerS J020941.1+001557, HERS1, PJ020941.3
185:comes from Zbigniew "Zbish" Chetnik's nickname
1169:
8:
688:Harrington, K. C.; et al. (June 2016).
665:"By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database"
468:Geach, J. E.; et al. (September 2015).
141:. The nearer galaxy is approximately 2
521:
519:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
3191:
3125:
1970:
1939:
1833:
1215:
1176:
1162:
1154:
526:Geach, J. E.; et al. (October 2018).
77:+00° 15′ 58.48″
27:
1068:
1042:
981:
963:
918:
900:
855:
845:
827:
786:
768:
731:
713:
565:
547:
507:
489:
286:and it will likely evolve into a massive
879:Rivera, Jesus; et al. (July 2019).
3258:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014
424:
430:
428:
18:
881:"The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CO(
747:Nayyeri, H.; et al. (May 2016).
7:
810:Su, T.; et al. (January 2017).
295:Northern Extended Millimeter Array
14:
621:. Zooniverse.org. 17 January 2014
412:. A field strength of around 500
305:) diameter rotating disk of gas.
16:Galaxy in the constellation Cetus
3224:
3223:
3263:Astronomy in the United Kingdom
152:) from Earth and is designated
641:"[GMV2015] ASW0009io9"
321:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
244:in the lensed galaxy, and the
207:Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
1:
374:Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
233:(ACT) and follow-up with the
319:9io9 was observed with the
248:, which detected different
231:Atacama Cosmology Telescope
3284:
1201:Cetus in Chinese astronomy
1061:10.1038/s41586-023-06346-4
788:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/17
438:. Sloan Digital Sky Survey
436:"SDSS J020941.27+001558.4"
223:Large Millimeter Telescope
3221:
3190:
3124:
1938:
1832:
1695:CFBDS J005910.90–011401.3
1191:
1081:– via ESO archives.
889:The Astrophysical Journal
757:The Astrophysical Journal
536:The Astrophysical Journal
346:. ALMA also detected the
123:
26:
1785:ULAS J003402.77−005206.7
1700:DENIS-P J020529.0−115925
920:10.3847/1538-4357/ab264b
567:10.3847/2041-8213/aae375
39:Observation data (J2000
1775:SDSS J001820.5−093939.2
1675:2MASS J01225093−2439505
276:active galactic nucleus
87:0.206 (lensing galaxy)
1685:BD−17 63 (Felixvarela)
1196:List of stars in Cetus
1185:Constellation of Cetus
694:Sources Identified by
406:Earth's magnetic field
316:
293:Observations with the
135:gravitationally lensed
3253:Gravitational lensing
3112:Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte
997:information@eso.org.
983:10.1093/mnras/stz1740
847:10.1093/mnras/stw2334
509:10.1093/mnras/stv1243
408:, but extends 16,000
363:interstellar material
311:
209:, a cross-match with
163:television programme
3248:Overlapping galaxies
733:10.1093/mnras/stw614
669:ned.ipac.caltech.edu
235:Green Bank Telescope
110:(770 and 3,400
3196:Astronomical events
1149:Articles and images
1053:2023Natur.621..483G
974:2019MNRAS.488.1489H
911:2019ApJ...879...95R
838:2017MNRAS.464..968S
779:2016ApJ...823...17N
724:2016MNRAS.458.4383H
645:simbad.u-strasbg.fr
558:2018ApJ...866L..12G
500:2015MNRAS.452..502G
386:star-forming galaxy
250:spectroscopic lines
225:, a detection with
157:J020941.27+001558.4
753:Wide Area Surveys"
317:
119:Other designations
106:2.5 and 11.1
3235:
3234:
3217:
3216:
3186:
3185:
3120:
3119:
1960:
1959:
1934:
1933:
1828:
1827:
1097:at Spacewarps.org
1095:ASW0009io9 record
1037:(7979): 483–486.
288:elliptical galaxy
131:ASW0009io9 (9io9)
128:
127:
3275:
3227:
3226:
3192:
3126:
1971:
1940:
1834:
1810:WASP-71 (Mpingo)
1659:224693 (Axólotl)
1253:ζ (Baten Kaitos)
1238:γ (Kaffaljidhma)
1216:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1046:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
994:
988:
987:
985:
967:
958:(2): 1489–1500.
939:
933:
932:
922:
904:
876:
870:
869:
859:
849:
831:
807:
801:
800:
790:
772:
744:
738:
737:
735:
717:
708:(4): 4383–4399.
685:
679:
678:
676:
675:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
615:
602:
601:
599:
597:
586:
580:
579:
569:
551:
523:
514:
513:
511:
493:
465:
448:
447:
445:
443:
432:
360:
345:
252:associated with
246:Subaru Telescope
158:
95:
93:
67:
31:
19:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3213:
3182:
3130:Galaxy clusters
3116:
3087:SDSS J0303-0019
3005:
1987:
1956:
1930:
1824:
1815:WISE J0254+0223
1780:SDSS J0106−1000
1663:
1590:
1547:
1499:
1374:
1205:
1187:
1182:
1091:
1086:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
941:
940:
936:
878:
877:
873:
809:
808:
804:
746:
745:
741:
687:
686:
682:
673:
671:
663:
662:
658:
649:
647:
639:
638:
634:
624:
622:
617:
616:
605:
595:
593:
588:
587:
583:
525:
524:
517:
467:
466:
451:
441:
439:
434:
433:
426:
422:
398:
355:
352:radial velocity
348:cyanide radical
340:
337:
332:
329:carbon monoxide
274:coming from an
262:
242:carbon monoxide
203:
175:
166:Stargazing Live
153:
96:(lensed galaxy)
91:
89:
88:
65:
61:Right ascension
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3281:
3279:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:MCG -03-04-014
3074:
3072:Markarian 1014
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:PSR J0108−1431
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
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325:atomic carbon
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3052:Holmberg 15A
1790:WD J2356−209
1492:
1034:
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1017:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
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672:. Retrieved
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644:
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623:. Retrieved
619:"Daily Fail"
594:. Retrieved
584:
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529:
481:
477:
471:
440:. Retrieved
399:
369:
367:
357:
342:
318:
301:(9,800
292:
280:galaxy group
257:
239:
226:
217:
211:
204:
201:Observations
186:
182:
176:
164:
130:
129:
3037:Cetus Dwarf
1916:HIP 11915 b
1901:HD 224693 b
1003:www.eso.org
596:6 September
410:light years
368:Harrington
272:jet or lobe
215:-SPIRE and
146:light-years
73:Declination
66:02 09 41.27
3242:Categories
1906:HIP 5158 b
1891:HD 11964 b
1881:HD 11506 b
1861:BD−17 63 b
1838:Exoplanets
1820:WHL0137-LS
1715:Gliese 105
1233:β (Diphda)
1228:α (Menkar)
1141:Astrophoto
1133:Hydrogen α
1101:ASW0009io9
1044:2309.02034
1008:2023-09-06
965:1906.09656
902:1807.08895
829:1511.06770
770:1601.03401
715:1603.05622
674:2023-09-06
650:2023-09-06
625:19 January
549:1807.03313
542:(1). L12.
491:1503.05824
442:19 January
420:References
382:luminosity
333:2800
299:kiloparsec
179:Daily Mail
148:(610
3209:SN 2005gj
3158:Abell 400
3153:Abell 370
3148:Abell 223
3143:Abell 222
3138:Abell 133
1876:HD 5319 b
1871:HD 2638 b
1866:HD 1461 b
1856:94 Ceti b
1851:81 Ceti b
1846:79 Ceti b
1735:HIP 11952
1710:Gliese 65
1680:BD-07 436
1380:Flamsteed
895:(2). 95.
763:(1). 17.
268:Milky Way
3229:Category
3204:SN 2005E
3178:JKCS 041
3173:IRC 0218
3168:Gioiello
3107:UGC 1775
3082:PGC 2456
1966:Galaxies
1921:τ Ceti e
1740:LHS 1140
1730:HIP 5158
1505:Variable
1308:ο (Mira)
1111:9io9 on
1079:37674076
1070:10511318
929:55011123
866:32753768
751:Herschel
576:53580326
378:nitrogen
339:☉
227:Herschel
212:Herschel
139:galaxies
102:Distance
83:Redshift
3163:Arp 251
3102:UGC 711
3097:9Spitch
3067:IC 1623
3062:IC 1613
3027:Arp 256
3022:Arp 147
3017:Arp 146
1975:Messier
1952:NGC 246
1944:Nebulae
1805:WASP-44
1800:WASP-26
1795:WASP-20
1765:NGC 310
1760:NGC 308
1755:NGC 302
1750:NGC 158
1745:NGC 156
1725:GJ 1005
1720:GJ 1002
1145:Sky Map
1113:WikiSky
1049:Bibcode
970:Bibcode
948:~ 2.55"
907:Bibcode
857:7402280
834:Bibcode
797:6571822
775:Bibcode
720:Bibcode
554:Bibcode
496:Bibcode
284:cluster
183:9Spitch
143:billion
3057:HXMM01
3042:HCM-6A
1494:25 Ari
1443:56 (υ)
1105:SIMBAD
1077:
1067:
1031:Nature
927:
864:
854:
795:
696:Planck
574:
532:= 2.6"
390:quasar
370:et al.
313:Hubble
218:Planck
191:SIMBAD
94:0.0002
3268:Cetus
3032:3C 75
3010:Other
1705:GD 40
1668:Other
1654:16008
1649:15115
1644:11964
1639:11506
1220:Bayer
1211:Stars
1137:X-Ray
1125:GALEX
1039:arXiv
1027:(PDF)
960:arXiv
925:S2CID
897:arXiv
824:arXiv
793:S2CID
765:arXiv
710:arXiv
592:. NED
572:S2CID
544:arXiv
486:arXiv
187:Zbish
133:is a
90:2.554
54:Cetus
41:epoch
3001:7829
2996:7828
2991:7808
2986:1218
2981:1142
2976:1128
2971:1090
2966:1087
2961:1073
2956:1055
2951:1052
2946:1042
2941:1032
2936:1022
2931:1019
2926:1015
2921:1009
1634:7449
1629:6718
1624:5319
1619:4747
1614:2638
1609:1690
1129:IRAS
1121:SDSS
1117:DSS2
1075:PMID
862:PMID
627:2015
598:2023
444:2015
358:km s
356:680
327:and
193:and
177:The
173:Name
155:SDSS
22:9io9
3047:HD2
2916:988
2911:985
2906:966
2901:965
2896:960
2891:950
2886:945
2881:936
2876:908
2871:895
2866:880
2861:874
2856:864
2851:838
2846:833
2841:806
2836:800
2831:779
2826:755
2821:747
2816:720
2811:701
2806:690
2801:682
2796:681
2791:655
2786:622
2781:615
2776:596
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2766:584
2761:570
2756:560
2751:555
2746:554
2741:547
2736:545
2731:541
2726:540
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