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sheath extending from the external obliques cover the rectus abdominis. The rectus abdominis is the muscle that very fit people develop into "six-pack" abs, though there are five vertical sections on each side. The two bottom sections are just above the pubic bone and usually not visible. The rectus abdominals' function is to bend one's back forward (flexion). The main work of the abdominal muscles is to bend the spine forward when contracting concentrically.
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1473:, the abdomen contains the insect's digestive tract and reproductive organs, it consists of eleven segments in most orders of insects though the eleventh segment is absent in the adult of most higher orders. The number of these segments does vary from species to species with the number of segments visible reduced to only seven in the common
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and are used to bend and support the spine from the front. The external obliques are more superficial and are also involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine. They also stabilize the spine when upright. The rectus abdominis muscle is not the most superficial abdominal muscle. The tendonous
828:
episodes, reduce the severity of back pain, protect against injury, help avoid some back surgeries, and help with the healing of back problems, or after spine surgery. When strengthened, the abdominal muscles provide flexibility as well. The abdominal muscles can be worked by strength and fitness
764:
The transverse abdominis muscle is the deepest muscle; therefore, it cannot be touched from the outside. It can greatly affect the body's posture. The internal obliques are also deep and also affect body posture. Both of them are involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the
1241:
The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or regions to describe the location of an organ or structure. Classically, quadrants are described as the left upper, left lower, right upper, and right lower. Quadrants are also often used in describing the site of an abdominal pain.
1310:
These terms stem from "hypo" meaning "below" and "epi" means "above", while "chondron" means "cartilage" (in this case, the cartilage of the rib) and "gaster" means stomach. The reversal of "left" and "right" is intentional, because the anatomical designations reflect
819:
Being key elements of spinal support, and contributors to good posture, it is important to properly exercise the abdominal muscles together with the back muscles because when these are weak or overly tight they can suffer painful spasms and
1161:, which can be felt on the outer lip of the crest of the ilium about two and a half inches (64 mm) from the anterior superior spine. This line corresponds to the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and passes through or just above the
1050:. There is usually one about the xiphoid process, one at the navel, and one in between. It is the combination of the linea alba and the tendinous intersections which form the abdominal "six-pack" sought after by many people.
792:
can be perceived as an indicator of wealth and prestige due to excess food, or as a sign of poor health due to lack of exercise. In many cultures, bare abdomens are distinctly sexualized and perceived similarly to
1330:, and thus is somewhat imprecise. Most of the anatomical structures that will produce pain and tenderness in this region are not in fact in the concavity of the ileum. However, the term is in common usage.
1075:. These lower limits are marked by visible grooves. Just above the pubic spines on either side are the external abdominal rings, which are openings in the muscular wall of the abdomen through which the
636:
Functionally, the human abdomen is where most of the digestive tract is placed and so most of the absorption and digestion of food occurs here. The alimentary tract in the abdomen consists of the lower
815:
The
Superman exercise, involving balancing solely with the abdomen (on a folded towel) while raising the upper torso and pelvis off the floor with the limbs bent. There are numerous variations.
574:. It originates from the inguinal ligament, costal cartilages 7-12, the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts into the conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea alba and the pubic crest.
724:. Moreover, these muscles serve as protection for the inner organs. Furthermore, together with the back muscles they provide postural support and are important in defining the form. When the
1182:
The two vertical or mid-Poupart lines are drawn from the point midway between the anterior superior spine and the pubic symphysis on each side, vertically upward to the costal margin.
616:
is small and triangular. It is located in the lower abdomen in front of the rectus abdominis. It originates at the pubic bone and is inserted into the linea alba halfway up to the
585:. The rectus abdominis is enclosed in a thick sheath, formed as described above, by fibers from each of the three muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. They originate at the
430:. A fold of peritoneum may completely cover certain organs, whereas it may cover only one side of organs that usually lie closer to the abdominal wall. This is called the
2102:
1662:
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on each side of the linea alba stands out in muscular people. The outline of these muscles is interrupted by three or more transverse depressions indicating the
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at the back. Lower ribs can also enclose ventral and lateral walls. The abdominal cavity is continuous with, and above, the pelvic cavity. It is attached to the
157:
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on their abdominal segments (as well as their more familiar thoracic legs), which allow them to grip onto the edges of plant leaves as they walk around.
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Social and cultural perceptions of the outward appearance of the abdomen has varying significance around the world. Depending on the type of society,
756:. When the thorax is fixed, they can pull up the pelvis and finally, they can bend the vertebral column sideways and assist in the trunk's rotation.
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589:, run up the abdomen on either side of the linea alba, and insert into the cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. In the region of the
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275:. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the
1140:). It corresponds to the upper part of the third lumbar vertebra, and it is an inch or so above the umbilicus. It indicates roughly the
811:
752:, and singing functions. When the pelvis is fixed, they can initiate the movement of the trunk in a forward motion. They also prevent
1995:
1964:
1198:. In its upper part, the vertical line meets the transpyloric line at the lower margin of the ribs, usually the ninth, and here the
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possess small, articulated "styli" which are sometimes considered to be rudimentary appendages. Many larval insects including the
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One method by which the location of the abdominal contents can be appreciated is to draw three horizontal and two vertical lines.
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and the top of the pubic symphysis, and often cuts the pyloric opening of the stomach an inch to the right of the mid-line. The
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muscle is flat and triangular, with its fibers running horizontally. It lies between the internal oblique and the underlying
426:
may be seen as either abdominal organs or as pelvic organs. Finally, the abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the
27:
This article is about the part of the body, sometimes called the stomach. For the organ in the gastrointestinal tract, see
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1597:. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition. Retrieved 22 October 2007
824:. When properly exercised, abdominal muscles contribute to improved posture and balance, reduce the likelihood of
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or visceral fat, has built up excessively between the abdominal organs. This is associated with a higher risk of
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pass through the diaphragm. Both the abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by a serous membrane known as the
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is an injury to the abdomen and can involve damage to the abdominal organs. There is an associated risk of
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1555:" ("hind body"), which is the body section posterior to that bearing the legs and head (the prosoma or
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The "right iliac fossa" (RIF) is a common site of pain and tenderness in patients who have
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The left mid-Poupart line corresponds in its upper three-quarters to the inner edge of the
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A scaphoid abdomen is when the abdomen is sucked inwards. In a newborn, it may represent a
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Unlike other arthropods, insects possess no legs on the abdomen in adult form, though the
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Abdominal organs can be highly specialized in some mammals. For example, the stomach of
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1512:. The petiole and gaster (abdominal segments 2 and onward) are collectively called the
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is a little below it, while its left end approximately touches the lower limit of the
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1556:
1551:(spiders, scorpions and relatives), the term "abdomen" is used interchangeably with "
1524:
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1063:(8, 9, 10) joining one another. The lower lateral limit is the anterior crest of the
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374:. Other digestive organs are known as the accessory digestive organs and include the
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enclosed by the abdominal muscles, at the front and to the sides, and by part of the
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do have rudimentary leg-like appendages on the first three abdominal segments, and
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is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides), and anterior (front) walls.
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Wyatt, Jonathon; Illingworth, RN; Graham, CA; Clancy, MJ; Robertson, CE (2006).
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The relations of the viscera and large vessels of the abdomen, seen from behind.
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1071:, which runs from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the
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The upper lateral limit of the abdomen is the subcostal margin (at or near the
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can be used to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. These include
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exercises, and through practicing disciplines of general body strength such as
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are long and flat. The muscle is crossed by three fibrous bands called the
386:, and these communicate with the rest of the system via various ducts. The
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1637:. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL. 2010. pp.
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1488:(bees, ants and wasps), the first segment of the abdomen is fused to the
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The abdominal muscles have different important functions. They assist as
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also lie within the abdomen, along with many blood vessels including the
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17:
2011:
885:. Injury to the lower chest can cause injuries to the spleen and liver.
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2014:." The Veterinary Dictionary. Elsevier, 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2007
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is situated where it cuts the intertubercular line. The orifice of the
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Front of abdomen, showing markings for duodenum, pancreas, and kidneys.
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upward and forward, and the transverse abdominal horizontally forward.
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1609:. The Veterinary Dictionary. Elsevier, 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2007
1217:, while the right nipple is about half an inch above its upper limit.
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View of the various organs and blood-vessels in proximity with liver.
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1957:
Clinical
Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
1953:"Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion of the Abdomen"
1094:
990:
techniques that can be used. Surface landmarks are important in the
605:
in the female runs. This is also where weakness can form, and cause
555:. Strength is gained by the criss-crossing of fibers, such that the
1897:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. 2012. p. 2.
1038:
in the abdominal wall. At about its midpoint sits the umbilicus or
314:
lining the organs. The abdomen in vertebrates contains a number of
60:
The human abdomen and organs which can be found beneath the surface
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The right subcostal margin corresponds to the lower limit of the
547:. All of their fibers merge towards the midline and surround the
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2488:
2478:
2408:
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1404:, the abdomen is built up of a series of upper plates known as
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2375:
2213:
2208:
2191:
1497:
1433:
1015:
601:
can drop through the wall and where the fibrous cord from the
544:
1751:
Reger-Nash, Bill; Smith, Meredith; Juckett, Gregory (2015).
551:
in a sheath before joining up on the opposite side at the
597:, is a passage through the layers. This gap is where the
243:
In humans, the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the
1780:(2 ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics. p. 36.
1508:
segment, and the remaining segments form the bulbous
1123:. It corresponds to the first lumbar vertebra behind.
1107:
of C. Addison, which is situated halfway between the
1010:, from which organ locations are derived mainly from
279:
in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear.
1728:
A Guide to the
Prevention and Treatment of Back Pain
1245:The abdomen can also be divided into nine regions.
685:. Other vital organs inside the abdomen include the
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2912:
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1481:(springtails), the abdomen has only six segments.
1026:In the mid-line, a slight furrow extends from the
1801:Swenson, Doug (2001). "Accumulating strong abs".
1229:Side-by-side comparison of quadrants and regions.
500:Henry Gray (1825–1861). Anatomy of the Human Body
221:. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the
1444:In the worker ant, the abdomen consists of the
2546:
2096:
1955:. In Walker, HK; Hall, WD; Hurst, JW (eds.).
1922:Examination of the newborn: a practical guide
1705:. Champaign: Human Kinetics. pp. 74–75.
1484:The abdomen is sometimes highly modified. In
34:Part of the body between the chest and pelvis
8:
1816:Jansen JO, Yule SR, Loudon MA (April 2008).
531:. The first three layers extend between the
519:. They are, from the outside to the inside:
1186:The right one is the most valuable, as the
914:affect the abdominal organs. These include
434:, and the kidneys and ureters are known as
2859:
2605:
2553:
2539:
2531:
2371:
2103:
2089:
2081:
1661:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1079:emerges in the male, and through which an
54:
45:
1841:
1818:"Investigation of blunt abdominal trauma"
1535:(sawflies) have fleshy appendages called
1006:Surface projections of the organs of the
515:There are three layers of muscles in the
294:by the diaphragm. Structures such as the
1918:Durward, Heather; Baston, Helen (2001).
1895:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
1873:. Oxford University Press. p. 346.
1322:. The fossa is named for the underlying
1247:
1157:, and runs across between the two rough
1587:
712:Movement, breathing and other functions
440:
310:. This membrane is continuous with the
282:In vertebrates, the abdomen is a large
1959:(3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths.
1701:Terry, Michael; Goodman, Paul (2019).
1654:
1500:, the second segment forms the narrow
236:of the body; it follows the thorax or
168:
36:
2025:"Glossary of Descriptive Terminology"
1869:Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine
1132:, drawn from the lowest point of the
934:disease; intestinal diseases include
251:. The pelvic brim stretches from the
7:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
736:are fixed, they are integral in the
1376:), is divided into four chambers –
1059:) formed by the cartilages of the
892:. In general, it is indicative of
76:Movement and support for the torso
25:
1730:. Singapore: Armour. p. 23.
1456:, itself divided into the narrow
1263:left hypochondriac/hypochondrium
1103:The highest of the former is the
2068:
2027:. Desertants.org. Archived from
1313:the patient's own right and left
1280:left lumbar/flank/latus/lateral
1237:Quadrants and regions of abdomen
720:in the breathing process during
491:
482:
455:
443:
346:List of organs of the human body
318:belonging to, for instance, the
1926:. New York: Routledge. p.
1504:. Some ants have an additional
1334:Across animal phyla and classes
559:runs downward and forward, the
80:Protection for the inner organs
1755:. Human Kinetics. p. 96.
1:
1151:The third line is called the
986:. There are also a number of
2904:Suspensory ligament of ovary
2876:Broad ligament of the uterus
1805:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishers.
1677:"The Abdominal Muscle Group"
354:contains most organs of the
1990:. McGraw-Hill. p. 14.
1834:10.1136/bmj.39534.686192.80
980:oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
205:) is the front part of the
3049:
2061:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1951:Ferguson, Charles (1990).
1566:
1408:and lower plates known as
1353:
1342:
1234:
992:examination of the abdomen
903:
804:
777:
471:
343:
337:
26:
2653:Right triangular ligament
1986:Saladin, Kenneth (2011).
1368:of mammals that includes
912:gastrointestinal diseases
632:Abdominal organs anatomy.
185:(colloquially called the
163:
78:Assistance with breathing
53:
44:
2646:Left triangular ligament
1776:Isacowitz, Rael (2014).
1034:below, representing the
948:irritable bowel syndrome
906:Gastrointestinal disease
784:Navel in popular culture
579:rectus abdominis muscles
2669:Round ligament of liver
2623:Hepatoduodenal ligament
1753:Foundations of Wellness
1635:Encyclopædia Britannica
1194:lies an inch lower, at
1126:The second line is the
1048:tendinous intersections
583:tendinous intersections
271:and is the edge of the
217:in humans and in other
2839:Paramesenteric gutters
2758:Lateral inguinal fossa
2753:Lateral umbilical fold
2728:Phrenicocolic ligament
2711:Gastrosplenic ligament
2701:Gastrophrenic ligament
2628:Hepatogastric ligament
2112:Human regional anatomy
1803:Power Yoga for Dummies
1569:anatomical terminology
1465:
1437:
1230:
1099:
1023:
816:
633:
535:, the lower ribs, the
165:Anatomical terminology
2997:Retroperitoneal space
2992:Extraperitoneal space
2807:Cystohepatic triangle
2748:Medial inguinal fossa
1443:
1423:
1343:Further information:
1228:
1221:Quadrants and regions
1097:
1005:
856:is a condition where
849:Clinical significance
814:
718:muscles of exhalation
631:
247:to the pelvis at the
2932:Uterosacral ligament
2723:Splenorenal ligament
2706:Gastrocolic ligament
2658:Hepatorenal ligament
2077:at Wikimedia Commons
1726:Raj, Joshua (2011).
1304:left inguinal/iliac
1251:right hypochondriac/
1154:intertubercular line
890:diaphragmatic hernia
568:transverse abdominal
529:transverse abdominal
390:, and organs of the
2938:Vesicouterine pouch
2829:Peritoneal recesses
1268:right lumbar/flank/
984:virtual colonoscopy
774:Society and culture
722:forceful exhalation
312:visceral peritoneum
308:parietal peritoneum
257:intervertebral disc
2965:Rectovesical pouch
2923:Rectouterine pouch
2812:Hepatorenal recess
2743:Supravesical fossa
2674:Ligamentum venosum
2664:Falciform ligament
1630:"Abdominal cavity"
1567:This article uses
1492:and is called the
1466:
1438:
1432:of a human and an
1231:
1109:suprasternal notch
1100:
1069:Poupart's ligament
1024:
960:medical procedures
924:pancreatic disease
817:
807:Abdominal exercise
728:is closed and the
634:
614:pyramidalis muscle
408:inferior vena cava
370:with its attached
300:inferior vena cava
245:thoracic diaphragm
3010:
3009:
2980:
2979:
2948:Paravesical fossa
2928:Rectouterine fold
2849:
2848:
2834:Paracolic gutters
2822:Inguinal triangle
2640:Coronary ligament
2611:ventral mesentery
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2073:Media related to
1937:978-0-415-19184-5
1904:978-1-4160-6257-8
1880:978-0-19-920607-0
1787:978-1-4504-3416-4
1762:978-1-4504-0200-2
1737:978-981-4305-32-7
1712:978-1-4925-3588-1
1657:cite encyclopedia
1648:978-1-59339-837-8
1308:
1307:
1188:ileo-caecal valve
1163:ileo-caecal valve
1105:transpyloric line
998:Surface landmarks
879:severe blood loss
854:Abdominal obesity
675:descending colons
572:transverse fascia
474:Abdominal muscles
253:lumbosacral joint
179:
178:
174:
16:(Redirected from
3040:
3002:Retropubic space
2970:Pararectal fossa
2899:Ovarian ligament
2860:
2774:Abdominal cavity
2689:dorsal mesentery
2606:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2372:
2303:Vertebral column
2105:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1925:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1828:(7650): 938–42.
1813:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1679:. Archived from
1673:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1632:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1248:
1207:descending colon
1196:McBurney's point
1142:transverse colon
1090:Horizontal lines
1044:rectus abdominis
875:Abdominal trauma
870:type 2 diabetes.
607:inguinal hernias
561:internal oblique
557:external oblique
549:rectus abdominis
533:vertebral column
525:internal oblique
521:external oblique
495:
486:
459:
447:
358:, including the
356:digestive system
352:abdominal cavity
340:Abdominal cavity
320:digestive system
288:vertebral column
223:abdominal cavity
171:edit on Wikidata
82:Postural support
58:
49:
37:
21:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2976:
2955:Retroperitonium
2908:
2845:
2795:
2791:Omental foramen
2769:
2738:Umbilical folds
2696:Greater omentum
2688:
2682:
2610:
2597:
2569:
2561:Anatomy of the
2559:
2529:
2520:
2450:
2361:
2266:
2238:
2128:
2114:
2109:
2055:"Abdomen"
2052:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1653:
1649:
1627:
1626:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1572:
1565:
1545:
1468:
1418:
1398:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1239:
1223:
1180:
1171:large intestine
1167:small intestine
1092:
1081:inguinal hernia
1056:subcostal plane
1032:pubic symphysis
1028:xiphoid process
1000:
988:medical imaging
956:
940:coeliac disease
916:stomach disease
908:
902:
851:
809:
803:
795:breast cleavage
786:
776:
762:
714:
626:
513:
512:
511:
510:
509:
503:
496:
488:
487:
476:
470:
463:
460:
451:
448:
436:retroperitoneal
432:retroperitoneum
420:fallopian tubes
412:urinary bladder
378:, its attached
364:small intestine
348:
342:
336:
328:muscular system
292:thoracic cavity
269:pubic symphysis
175:
81:
79:
77:
61:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3028:Animal anatomy
3025:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2817:Abdominal wall
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:Ileocecal fold
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2618:Lesser omentum
2614:
2612:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2277:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2048:
2047:External links
2045:
2042:
2041:
2031:on 17 May 2013
2016:
2003:
1996:
1978:
1965:
1943:
1936:
1910:
1903:
1886:
1879:
1857:
1808:
1793:
1786:
1768:
1761:
1743:
1736:
1718:
1711:
1703:Hockey Anatomy
1693:
1668:
1647:
1611:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1564:
1561:
1544:
1541:
1417:
1414:
1397:
1394:
1356:Mammal anatomy
1351:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1235:Main article:
1222:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1179:
1178:Vertical lines
1176:
1175:
1174:
1149:
1134:subcostal arch
1129:subcostal line
1124:
1091:
1088:
1077:spermatic cord
999:
996:
955:
952:
944:diverticulitis
904:Main article:
901:
898:
850:
847:
805:Main article:
802:
799:
775:
772:
761:
758:
754:hyperextension
748:, childbirth,
713:
710:
706:abdominal wall
625:
622:
595:inguinal canal
517:abdominal wall
497:
490:
489:
481:
480:
479:
478:
477:
472:Main article:
469:
466:
465:
464:
461:
454:
452:
449:
442:
400:adrenal glands
394:including the
392:urinary system
338:Main article:
335:
332:
324:urinary system
277:abdominal wall
177:
176:
167:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
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131:
125:
124:
119:
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107:
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100:
95:
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84:
83:
74:
68:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3045:
3034:
3033:Human anatomy
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
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2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Ovarian fossa
2941:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
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2897:
2892:
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2879:
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2832:
2831:
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2827:
2823:
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2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2802:
2798:
2792:
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2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
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2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1997:9780071222075
1993:
1989:
1988:Human anatomy
1982:
1979:
1968:
1966:9780409900774
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1683:on 2015-12-26
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1650:
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1640:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1576:Abdominal fat
1574:
1573:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1557:cephalothorax
1554:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Archaeognatha
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:fused to the
1447:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:hypochondrium
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:may rupture.
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:above to the
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
997:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:sigmoidoscopy
969:
965:
961:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:liver disease
917:
913:
907:
899:
897:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:
867:
863:
862:heart disease
859:
858:abdominal fat
855:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
813:
808:
800:
798:
796:
791:
790:excess weight
785:
781:
773:
771:
768:
759:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
711:
709:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:sigmoid colon
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
630:
623:
621:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
507:
501:
494:
485:
475:
467:
458:
453:
446:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
347:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
238:cephalothorax
235:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
172:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
85:
75:
73:
69:
64:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
2280:
2252:Adam's apple
2059:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:the original
2019:
2006:
1987:
1981:
1970:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1921:
1913:
1894:
1889:
1868:
1860:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1796:
1777:
1771:
1752:
1746:
1727:
1721:
1702:
1696:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:the original
1671:
1634:
1602:
1590:
1546:
1518:
1483:
1467:
1460:and bulbous
1430:morphologies
1399:
1359:
1320:appendicitis
1317:
1309:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1212:
1202:is situated.
1181:
1165:, where the
1152:
1127:
1085:
1054:
1052:
1025:
957:
909:
894:malnutrition
887:
873:
852:
818:
787:
763:
715:
703:
635:
611:
576:
565:
514:
499:
435:
349:
281:
273:pelvic inlet
242:
229:, it is the
213:(chest) and
209:between the
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
180:
134:A01.1.00.016
109:
97:
2891:Mesometrium
2886:Mesosalpinx
2781:Greater sac
1553:opisthosoma
1529:Lepidoptera
1506:postpetiole
1324:iliac fossa
1296:hypogastric
1259:epigastrium
1257:epigastric/
1200:gallbladder
976:enteroscopy
968:colonoscopy
954:Examination
928:gallbladder
537:iliac crest
380:gallbladder
284:body cavity
249:pelvic brim
219:vertebrates
87:Identifiers
3017:Categories
2881:Mesovarium
2786:Lesser sac
2581:Peritoneum
2563:peritoneum
2419:Fingernail
2035:2013-07-08
1972:2013-11-27
1687:2010-07-13
1607:Peritoneum
1582:References
1479:Collembola
1402:arthropods
1396:Arthropoda
1354:See also:
1169:joins the
1061:false ribs
1036:linea alba
958:Different
778:See also:
746:defecation
671:transverse
587:pubis bone
553:linea alba
504:(Right) A
428:peritoneum
382:, and the
366:, and the
344:See also:
227:arthropods
2718:Mesentery
2602:Abdominal
2593:Mesentery
2567:mesentery
2335:Genitalia
1549:arachnids
1543:Arachnida
1494:propodeum
1477:. In the
1475:honey bee
1446:propodeum
1426:analogous
1410:sternites
1382:reticulum
1362:ruminants
1276:umbilical
1159:tubercles
1138:tenth rib
964:endoscopy
936:enteritis
932:bile duct
883:infection
826:back pain
742:urination
667:ascending
639:esophagus
304:esophagus
267:) to the
231:posterior
18:Abdominal
2913:Recesses
2464:Buttocks
2384:Shoulder
2219:Mandible
2152:Forehead
2012:Ruminant
1852:18436949
1563:See also
1533:Symphyta
1531:and the
1514:metasoma
1486:Apocrita
1454:metasoma
1452:and the
1406:tergites
1390:abomasum
1366:suborder
1345:Chordata
1339:Chordata
1328:hip bone
1287:inguinal
1272:/lateral
1192:appendix
1146:duodenum
1115:of each
1018:and the
1014:levels,
1012:vertebra
822:injuries
801:Exercise
697:and the
695:pancreas
681:and the
663:appendix
661:and the
647:duodenum
624:Function
508:abdomen.
438:organs.
384:pancreas
372:appendix
334:Contents
259:between
3023:Abdomen
2919:Female
2868:ovaries
2800:General
2574:General
2509:Toenail
2399:Forearm
2345:Scrotum
2291:Midriff
2281:Abdomen
2274:(Trunk)
2224:Occiput
2167:Eyebrow
2075:Abdomen
2064:. 1921.
1843:2335258
1778:Pilates
1595:Abdomen
1537:prolegs
1521:Protura
1502:petiole
1471:insects
1458:petiole
1416:Insects
1350:Mammals
1326:of the
900:Disease
843:jogging
839:tai chi
831:Pilates
780:Midriff
760:Posture
726:glottis
691:kidneys
651:jejunum
643:stomach
543:of the
498:(Left)
468:Muscles
424:ovaries
396:kidneys
360:stomach
203:stomach
195:midriff
183:abdomen
122:D000005
98:abdomen
72:Actions
66:Details
40:Abdomen
29:Stomach
2985:Spaces
2864:Uterus
2855:Pelvic
2734:Folds
2586:cavity
2444:Little
2434:Middle
2414:Finger
2389:Axilla
2330:Pelvis
2323:Nipple
2318:Breast
2313:Thorax
2257:Throat
2234:Temple
2197:Tongue
2177:Eyelid
1994:
1963:
1934:
1901:
1877:
1850:
1840:
1784:
1759:
1734:
1709:
1645:
1510:gaster
1490:thorax
1462:gaster
1450:thorax
1428:gross
1386:omasum
1370:cattle
1298:/supra
1285:right
1121:spleen
1117:kidney
1042:. The
946:, and
866:asthma
841:, and
734:pelvis
730:thorax
699:spleen
693:, the
689:, the
683:rectum
677:, the
665:, the
657:, the
649:, the
645:, the
641:, the
603:uterus
599:testes
593:, the
527:, and
422:, and
416:uterus
410:. The
398:, and
388:spleen
362:, the
326:, and
316:organs
215:pelvis
211:thorax
2961:Male
2635:Liver
2494:Ankle
2474:Thigh
2429:Index
2424:Thumb
2404:Wrist
2394:Elbow
2367:Limbs
2350:Vulva
2340:Penis
2296:Navel
2286:Waist
2272:Torso
2229:Scalp
2202:Tooth
2187:Mouth
2157:Cheek
1639:19–20
1496:. In
1378:rumen
1374:sheep
1364:, (a
1300:pubic
1291:iliac
1270:latus
1215:liver
1113:hilum
1073:pubis
1065:ilium
1040:navel
1020:ilium
1008:trunk
910:Many
767:spine
750:vomit
738:cough
687:liver
659:cecum
655:ileum
618:navel
591:groin
541:pubis
404:aorta
376:liver
368:colon
296:aorta
255:(the
234:tagma
225:. In
207:torso
201:, or
199:tucky
191:tummy
187:belly
169:[
110:ἦτρον
105:Greek
93:Latin
2687:From
2609:From
2565:and
2514:Sole
2499:Heel
2489:Foot
2484:Calf
2479:Knee
2439:Ring
2409:Hand
2357:Anus
2308:Back
2262:Nape
2244:Neck
2182:Nose
2162:Chin
2147:Face
2142:Hair
2134:Head
2126:Skin
2120:Body
1992:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1848:PMID
1782:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1663:link
1643:ISBN
1498:ants
1424:The
1388:and
1372:and
1067:and
1016:ribs
982:and
930:and
881:and
868:and
835:yoga
782:and
732:and
704:The
673:and
612:The
577:The
566:The
539:and
506:male
406:and
350:The
302:and
263:and
181:The
158:9577
129:TA98
117:MeSH
2504:Toe
2469:Hip
2456:Leg
2376:Arm
2214:Jaw
2209:Ear
2192:Lip
2172:Eye
1928:134
1838:PMC
1830:doi
1826:336
1822:BMJ
1559:).
1547:In
1469:In
1434:ant
1400:In
1315:.)
545:hip
240:.
153:FMA
146:127
141:TA2
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896:.
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833:,
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744:,
740:,
701:.
669:,
653:,
620:.
609:.
523:,
418:,
414:,
330:.
322:,
298:,
265:S1
261:L5
197:,
193:,
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2104:e
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