309:
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370:). It is probably the first generic work of its kind which is not tied to an individual tantric tradition, but was meant to be used with all tantras and mandalas. In the Vajravali, AbhayÄkaragupta synthesized previous Tantric ritual traditions such as those of Pundarika and Padmavajra and created a standardized 'sequence of rituals' (
461:
who also pointed out the contradictory statements within the texts of other schools. What is unique about
Abhayakaragupta's arguments is that he argues that ÅrÄvakayÄna cannot be considered the words of the Buddha and that Mahayana texts cannot be grouped with them because the latter are inherently
378:
The mandala and other rituals taught by the teacher have been divided into two classes (yogatantra and yoginitantra). We shall summarize them here as clearly and as systematically as possible. Moreover, the ritual treatises compiled by (other) preceptors (acarya) lack completeness, thematic core,
522:
AbhayÄkaragupta's school of
Buddhism flourished in India until the invasions of the Turks in the 13th century killed or scattered them; but his teachings were continued and revered in Tibet. Through his works at Vikramasila, he exerted great influence on the formation of
478:
is the most crucial of teachings. It was his position that all other major doctrinal points and teachings could be subsumed under the banner of the two truths doctrine. These include the five dharmas, the three natures
336:
traditions. Although as such it is not in the narrowest sense a work of the
Madhyamaka, it bears testimony to the efforts made by the later Madhyamikas systematically to elaborate a synthesis of the entire Mahayanist
316:
AbhayÄkaragupta's scholarship extended from
Mahayana doctrine and philosophy to Tantric Buddhist ritual and practice. David Seyfort Ruegg, writing about one of his main scholarly works writes:
507:: āevery sentient being has Buddha-nature (tathÄgatagarbha)ā; that is, all sentient beings are able to reach the state of perfect awakening.". This view is similar to that expounded by
308:
1914:
1304:
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360:) as a generic system applicable for all tantras. This work deals with preparation of the sacred space, 'installation ceremonies', tantric mandala construction (
383:
Abhaya composed this work by selecting mandala systems and rituals from different tantric traditions and texts, and attempting to strike a balance between the
1274:
3840:
514:
Abhayakaragupta's interpretation of Buddha-nature had an impact on later Indian
Buddhist thinkers including DaÅabalaÅrÄ«mitra, Ratnarakį¹£ita and JayÄnanda.
1382:
1139:
184:
in India. He was born in somewhere in
Eastern India, and is thought to have flourished in the late 11th-early 12th century CE, and died in 1125 CE.
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3101:
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survives in
Tibetan, and it was widely studied in Tibet until the 14th century when it was displaced by native treatises on similar subjects.
3810:
1026:
817:
511:
in the eighth century in his work, the
MadhyamakÄloka. Like KamalaÅÄ«la, he also views Buddha-nature as being devoid of any intrinsic nature.
3835:
3830:
3800:
1467:
1309:
324:
is one of the last of the major comprehensive treatises of Indian
Buddhism, and it presents a treatment of Mahayanist thought based on the
3644:
499:, Abhayakaragupta was of the view that all sentient beings, regardless of which belief they adopt, can attain Buddha-nature as per the
3825:
3820:
3541:
3091:
1186:
1117:
3634:
1387:
1108:
1067:
1059:
1041:
Kapstein, Matthew. Reason's Traces
Identity and Interpretation in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Thought, Wisdom Pubs. Boston, page 393
923:
Arnold, Edward A. (editor.) As Long as Space Endures: Essays on the Kalacakra Tantra in Honor of H.H. the Dalai Lama, 2009, page 415
686:
191:, is a "grand synthesis of tantric liturgy" which developed a single harmonized tantric ritual system which could be applied to all
1530:
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contains a discussion where Abhayakaragupta argues that the Mahayana is great due to the "seven points of greatness" set out by
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569:. Of his works, twenty-two have been classified as tantric and four as non-tantric. His non-tantric works mainly focus on
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lucid expression and sometimes authenticity and consistency. Therefore, we shall adorn it with all such good qualities.
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from his mendicant bowl which was replenished from heaven, and bringing a dead child to life in the great cemetery of
209:
doctrine to its final Indic form. Matthew Kapstein sees him as "among the last great masters of Buddhism in India."
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2191:
1314:
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1937:
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257:. He is said to have become a Buddhist monk following a prophetic vision after which he trained extensively in
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1845:
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1264:
1231:
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553:. AbhayÄkaragupta is considered to be the fourth Indian incarnation of Amitabha Buddha in this line.
435:
402:(Garland of Completed Yogas), contains detailed descriptions of the drawing of 26 mandalas while the
234:
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1427:
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which he states contradict each other and therefore cannot be a representation of the words of the
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280:(c. 1075-1120), there was a great revival of Buddhism under AbhayÄkaragupta. He taught at the
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26 works are attributed to Abhayakaragupta of which twenty-five have been preserved in the
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1452:
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245:. The Tibetan translation of his work the VajrayĆ£nĆ¢pattimanjari states that he was "from
992:
Synthesizing a Liturgical Heritage: AbhayÄkaragupta's Vajravali and the Kalacakramandala
979:
Synthesizing a Liturgical Heritage: AbhayÄkaragupta's Vajravali and the Kalacakramandala
966:
Synthesizing a Liturgical Heritage: AbhayÄkaragupta's Vajravali and the Kalacakramandala
953:
Synthesizing a Liturgical Heritage: AbhayÄkaragupta's Vajravali and the Kalacakramandala
939:
The Buddhist Forum , Volume VI,The Institute of Buddhist StudiesTring, UK, 2001, 183-221
735:
Synthesizing a Liturgical Heritage: AbhayÄkaragupta's Vajravali and the Kalacakramandala
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1999:
1103:. Translated by Jeffry Hopkins. Enlarged edition, p. 141. Wisdom Publications, Boston.
550:
480:
325:
2662:
1962:
1952:
439:
374:). In the beginning of this work, Abhaya summarizes his intent for composing it thus:
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639:(Garland of Completed Yogas), a text which explains how to draw 26 kinds of mandalas.
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136:
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1083:(1970), pp. 81-103. Manjushri Publishing House, New Delhi. First published in the
912:
Reason's Traces Identity and Interpretation in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Thought
760:
Reason's Traces Identity and Interpretation in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Thought
454:
292:. He is credited with many miracles including feeding the starving in the city of
172:: 'jigs-med 'byung-gnas sbas-pa) was a Buddhist monk, scholar and tantric master (
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43:
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2327:
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1984:
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1738:
1643:
1593:
1525:
1251:
1241:
1214:
570:
500:
458:
388:
329:
289:
206:
202:
115:
1823:
866:(1970), p. 92. Manjushri Publishing House, New Delhi. First published in the
836:(1970), p. 91. Manjushri Publishing House, New Delhi. First published in the
777:"Some Remarks on the Date of AbhayÄkaragupta and the Chronology of His Works"
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2499:
2211:
2127:
2004:
1894:
1867:
1860:
1780:
1743:
1510:
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1442:
1417:
1372:
450:
293:
285:
258:
230:
222:
120:
70:
3257:
2093:
1947:
1713:
1495:
1364:
1356:
2019:
537:
there were considered to be four Indian and three Tibetan incarnations of
17:
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2604:
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2267:
2028:
1899:
1887:
1798:
1535:
1457:
1154:
626:
566:
419:
394:
His other Tantric works expound in detail on particular practices in the
366:
333:
249:" which is likely referring to where he worked around the monasteries of
195:
110:
107:
94:
792:
776:
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3447:
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2584:
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2434:
2429:
2387:
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2142:
2083:
2078:
1974:
1932:
1835:
1673:
1623:
1410:
1236:
546:
269:
250:
246:
242:
141:
312:
11th or 12th century Vajravali manuscript, compiled by Abhayakaragupta
3599:
3584:
3420:
3282:
3262:
3037:
2699:
2579:
2569:
2504:
2132:
2088:
2073:
2063:
2033:
2014:
1957:
1840:
1608:
1480:
1224:
1219:
584:
545:, who is recognised as the 1st Panchen Lama. The lineage starts with
449:
Abhayakaragupta built upon the work of earlier authorities including
443:
431:
348:
Another major text by AbhayÄkaragupta is the great Tantric work, the
273:
265:
3739:
3574:
3432:
3398:
3378:
3348:
3277:
2694:
2539:
2417:
2412:
2382:
2337:
2184:
2179:
2058:
1763:
1588:
1555:
1545:
853:. 2nd revised edition: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. (1970), p. 485.
749:. 2nd revised edition: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. (1970), p. 505.
724:. 2nd revised edition: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. (1970), p. 485.
531:
307:
181:
1101:
KÄlachakra Tantra Rite of Initiation: For the Stage of Generation
1054:, (1972) p. 84. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
272:, "where he learned the five sciences and became well known as a
3609:
2402:
2068:
1565:
708:. 1st Indian Edition (1987), Motilal Barnasidass, Delhi, p. 335.
527:, particularly during the twelfth through fourteenth centuries.
1121:
3267:
1803:
899:
The Literature of the Madhyamaka School of Philosophy in India
700:
698:
422:
texts over texts from other schools of thought which he terms"
364:), and the performance of tantric consecration or initiation (
901:, Otto Harrassowitz ā¢ Wiesbaden, 1981, Volume VII, page 114.
264:
Born in 1064 CE, as a youth, and on the advice of a young
931:
929:
406:
details the practice of fire rituals recommended in the
201:
According to A.K. Warder, AbhayÄkaragupta developed the
781:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen MorgenlƤndischen Gesellschaft
657:, explicates the generation stage and completion stage.
426:" (Vehicle of the Disciples). The last chapter of the
241:
identified his birthplace with the modern-day town of
418:
Abhayakaragupta was an advocate for the authority of
1018:
The Routledge Handbook of Indian Buddhist Philosophy
3710:
3625:
3540:
3238:
3140:
3023:
2720:
2648:
2475:
2348:
2288:
1923:
1789:
1729:
1574:
1466:
1396:
1250:
1195:
155:
150:
129:
100:
90:
77:
58:
53:
34:
1081:Contributions on the Religion and History of Tibet
864:Contributions on the Religion and History of Tibet
834:Contributions on the Religion and History of Tibet
603:Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in Eight Thousand Lines
947:
945:
706:Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Biographical Notes
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
217:Some Tibetan sources identify his birthplace as
770:
768:
625:), an encyclopedic Mahayana treatise based on
565:and thirteen are still extant in the original
1133:
8:
1915:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
621:('Ornament to the Subduer's Thought', Tib.
601:('Moonlight of Points'), commentary on the
1140:
1126:
1118:
42:
31:
812:. Princeton University Press. p. 2.
681:. Princeton University Press. p. 2.
27:Buddhist monk, scholar and tantric master
1085:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
1021:. Taylor and Francis. pp. 615ā630.
868:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
838:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
3102:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
675:Buswell, Robert; Lopez, Donald (2014).
667:
438:. He contrasts Mahayana texts with the
48:19th-century drawing of Abhayakaragupta
3305:List of Buddhist architecture in China
7:
1099:, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama. (1999)
678:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
352:which is a systematic exposition of
651:(Introduction to the Wheel of Time)
549:, one of the original disciples of
474:, Abhayakaragupta set out that the
187:AbhayÄkaragupta's magnum opus, the
3841:Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism
3092:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
937:JyotirmaƱjari of AbhayƄkaragupta.
3773:
3763:
3762:
3320:Thai temple art and architecture
3065:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1305:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1171:
1158:
1148:
809:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1172:
914:, Wisdom Pubs. Boston, page 394
762:, Wisdom Pubs. Boston, page 393
495:With regard to the doctrine of
3310:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3112:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2192:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1383:Places where the Buddha stayed
645:, discusses fire ritual (homa)
229:identifies this as modern-day
1:
3325:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
609:Ocean of Means of Achievement
81:
62:
3811:Tibetan Buddhists from India
3082:Buddhism and the Roman world
3058:Decline of Buddhism in India
3053:History of Buddhism in India
1153: Topics in
487:and the two selflessnesses.
276:." During the reign of King
268:, he went to the country of
3836:12th-century Buddhist monks
3831:11th-century Buddhist monks
3801:Indian scholars of Buddhism
2280:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2020:
1015:Edelglass, William (2022).
806:Buswell Jr, Robert (2012).
3857:
3230:The unanswerable questions
775:BĆ¼hnemann, Gudrun (1992).
3826:12th-century Indian monks
3821:11th-century Indian monks
3758:
3315:Buddhist temples in Korea
1878:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1781:Three planes of existence
1388:Buddha in world religions
1167:
885:Cambridge Digital Library
881:"VajrÄvalÄ« (MS Add.1703)"
704:Nakamura, Hajime. (1980)
583:, a treatise on Buddhist
503:theory. He states in the
284:as well as at VajrÄsana (
180:monastery in modern-day,
41:
3097:Persecution of Buddhists
2318:Four stages of awakening
1699:Three marks of existence
1285:Physical characteristics
2460:Ten principal disciples
1343:(aunt, adoptive mother)
282:Vikramashila Mahavihara
225:places next to Odisha.
3170:Buddhism and democracy
2683:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2678:Chinese Buddhist canon
1910:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1905:Early Buddhist schools
897:Ruegg, David Seyfort.
623:thub pa'i dgongs rgyan
613:sgrub thabs rgya mtsho
592:, a commentary on the
530:In the lineage of the
381:
339:
313:
3816:Monks of Vikramashila
3180:Eight Consciousnesses
1290:Life of Buddha in art
849:Warder, A. K. (1970)
745:Warder, A. K. (1970)
543:Khedrup Gelek Pelzang
485:Eight Consciousnesses
376:
318:
311:
3657:East Asian religions
3087:Buddhism in the West
2658:Early Buddhist texts
2273:Four Right Exertions
1739:Ten spiritual realms
1232:Noble Eightfold Path
1079:Das, Sarat Chandra.
1052:Tibetan Civilization
862:Das, Sarat Chandra.
832:Das, Sarat Chandra.
581:Vajravalimandopayika
436:Abhidharma-samuccaya
350:Vajravalimandopayika
235:Chota Nagpur Plateau
3780:Religion portal
3527:Temple of the Tooth
3406:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2445:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
1938:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
1721:Two truths doctrine
1541:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1341:Mahapajapati Gotamī
935:Tadeusz Skorupski.
910:Kapstein, Matthew.
758:Kapstein, Matthew.
576:His works include:
476:two truths doctrine
466:Two truths doctrine
176:) and the abbot of
3702:Western philosophy
3300:Dzong architecture
3122:Vipassana movement
3117:Buddhist modernism
2545:Emperor Wen of Sui
2313:PratyekabuddhayÄna
2246:Threefold Training
2048:Vipassana movement
1764:Hungry Ghost realm
1584:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
1531:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
1280:Great Renunciation
1275:Eight Great Events
1157:
314:
239:Rahul Sankrityayan
3788:
3787:
3426:Om mani padme hum
3132:Women in Buddhism
3048:Buddhist councils
2918:Western countries
2706:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
2467:Shaolin Monastery
2044:Samatha-vipassanÄ
1654:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
1458:Metteyya/Maitreya
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1205:Four Noble Truths
1087:, Vol. LI (1882).
1028:978-1-351-03088-5
994:, 2003, p. 68-69.
981:, 2003, p. 67-68.
870:, Vol. LI (1882).
840:, Vol. LI (1882).
819:978-1-4008-4805-8
631:Abhisamayalankara
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
3848:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3765:
3605:Sacred languages
3453:Maya Devi Temple
3416:Mahabodhi Temple
3220:Secular Buddhism
3185:Engaged Buddhism
2025:
1873:Tibetan Buddhism
1824:Vietnamese Thiį»n
1423:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
1374:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1175:
1174:
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1142:
1135:
1128:
1119:
1112:
1094:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1048:
1042:
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1033:
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995:
988:
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731:
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715:
709:
702:
693:
692:
672:
637:Niį¹£pannayogÄvalÄ«
563:Tibetan language
525:Tibetan Buddhism
400:Niį¹£pannayogÄvalÄ«
354:Tantric Buddhist
227:Gudrun BĆ¼hnemann
193:Tantric Buddhist
86:
83:
67:
64:
46:
32:
21:
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3273:Ordination hall
3234:
3136:
3107:Buddhist crisis
3019:
2716:
2668:Mahayana sutras
2644:
2640:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
2471:
2344:
2284:
2234:Bodhisattva vow
1919:
1785:
1725:
1684:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
1619:Five hindrances
1570:
1462:
1392:
1246:
1191:
1163:
1146:
1116:
1115:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1014:
1013:
998:
990:Yong-Hyun Lee,
989:
985:
977:Yong-Hyun Lee,
976:
972:
964:Yong-Hyun Lee,
963:
959:
951:Yong-Hyun Lee,
950:
943:
934:
927:
922:
918:
909:
905:
896:
892:
879:
878:
874:
861:
857:
851:Indian Buddhism
848:
844:
831:
827:
820:
805:
804:
800:
774:
773:
766:
757:
753:
747:Indian Buddhism
744:
740:
733:Yong-Hyun Lee,
732:
728:
722:Indian Buddhism
716:
712:
703:
696:
689:
674:
673:
669:
664:
655:UpadeshamaƱjari
649:KÄlacakrÄvatÄra
619:MunimatÄlaį¹kÄra
559:
520:
518:Impact in Tibet
505:MunimatÄlaį¹kÄra
493:
472:MunimatÄlaį¹kÄra
468:
428:MunimatÄlaį¹kÄra
416:
343:Munimatalamkara
322:Munimatalamkara
306:
215:
166:AbhayÄkaragupta
146:
125:
84:
73:
68:
65:
49:
37:
36:AbhayÄkaragupta
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3854:
3852:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3337:Greco-Buddhist
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3288:Burmese pagoda
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3070:Greco-Buddhism
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:United Kingdom
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2948:Czech Republic
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2712:Abhidharmadīpa
2709:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:B. R. Ambedkar
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Songtsen Gampo
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Eight precepts
2226:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2017:
2007:
2002:
2000:Five Strengths
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Mental factors
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:MahamoggallÄna
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1406:AvalokiteÅvara
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1089:
1072:
1043:
1034:
1027:
996:
983:
970:
957:
941:
925:
916:
903:
890:
872:
855:
842:
825:
818:
798:
787:(1): 120ā127.
764:
751:
738:
726:
710:
694:
687:
666:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
616:
606:
596:
590:Amnaya-maƱjari
587:
558:
555:
551:Gautama Buddha
541:Buddha before
519:
516:
492:
489:
467:
464:
415:
414:Mahayana texts
412:
326:Prajnaparamita
305:
302:
214:
211:
161:
160:
159:RatnÄkaragupta
157:
153:
152:
151:Senior posting
148:
147:
145:
144:
139:
133:
131:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
104:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
85: 1125 CE
79:
75:
74:
69:
66: 1064 CE
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3853:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Panchen Lamas
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:Miscellaneous
3539:
3533:
3532:Vegetarianism
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Buddha in art
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:United States
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Padmasambhava
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2477:Major figures
2474:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2423:Western tulku
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Five precepts
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Dhamma vicaya
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:BuddhÄbhiį¹£eka
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
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1068:0-8047-0901-7
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1050:Stein, R. A.
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718:Warder, A. K.
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688:9780691157863
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643:JyotirmaƱjari
641:
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535:Panchen Lamas
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497:Buddha-nature
491:Buddha-nature
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404:JyotirmaƱjari
401:
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362:mandalakarman
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61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3720:Bodhisattvas
3640:Christianity
3635:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
3500:Dharmachakra
3490:Prayer wheel
3480:Prayer beads
3248:Architecture
3127:969 Movement
2911:Saudi Arabia
2889:Central Asia
2882:South Africa
2704:
2687:
2620:Panchen Lama
2525:BuddhapÄlita
2121:Satipatthana
2116:Mindful Yoga
2029:Recollection
1943:Brahmavihara
1814:Japanese Zen
1809:Chinese Chan
1769:Animal realm
1576:Key concepts
1398:Bodhisattvas
1210:Three Jewels
1100:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1051:
1046:
1037:
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636:
622:
618:
612:
608:
602:
599:Marmakaumudī
598:
593:
589:
580:
575:
573:philosophy.
560:
529:
521:
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494:
471:
469:
448:
427:
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395:
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377:
371:
365:
361:
358:mandalavidhi
357:
349:
347:
342:
340:
321:
319:
315:
263:
255:Vikramashila
218:
216:
200:
188:
186:
173:
165:
164:
137:Vikramashila
29:
3565:Dharma talk
3394:Asalha Puja
3190:Eschatology
2993:Switzerland
2973:New Zealand
2901:Middle East
2810:Philippines
2730:Afghanistan
2535:Bodhidharma
2520:Buddhaghosa
2440:Householder
2350:Monasticism
2303:Bodhisattva
2158:Prostration
2111:Mindfulness
2039:Anapanasati
2022:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
1819:Korean Seon
1759:Asura realm
1754:Human realm
1694:Ten Fetters
1649:Parinirvana
1551:Uppalavanna
1516:MahÄkaccana
1501:MahÄkassapa
1433:Kį¹£itigarbha
1428:ÄkÄÅagarbha
1325:SuddhodÄna
1270:Four sights
1197:Foundations
481:TrisvabhÄva
424:ÅrÄvakayÄna
233:around the
178:Vikramasila
3795:Categories
3682:Psychology
3662:Gnosticism
3650:Comparison
3645:Influences
3627:Comparison
3510:Bhavacakra
3468:Kushinagar
3443:Pilgrimage
3389:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
3344:Bodhi Tree
3160:Buddhology
3150:Abhidharma
3142:Philosophy
3075:Menander I
2943:Costa Rica
2894:Uzbekistan
2735:Bangladesh
2689:Dhammapada
2673:Pali Canon
2635:Ajahn Chah
2615:Dalai Lama
2515:KumÄrajÄ«va
2510:Vasubandhu
2485:The Buddha
2393:Zen master
2328:Sakadagami
2308:Buddhahood
2239:Pratimokį¹£a
2054:Shikantaza
2010:Meditation
1985:Deity yoga
1856:Madhyamaka
1749:Deva realm
1644:Mindstream
1594:Bodhicitta
1506:Aį¹
gulimÄla
1373:Devadatta
1349:YaÅodharÄ
1252:The Buddha
1242:Middle Way
571:Madhyamaka
509:KamalaÅÄ«la
462:superior.
459:Vasubandhu
389:yogatantra
356:ritual (a
337:tradition.
330:Madhyamaka
290:Odantapuri
219:Jarikhanda
207:Madhyamaka
203:Mantrayana
174:vajracarya
116:Madhyamaka
71:Jarikhanda
18:Abhayakara
3750:Festivals
3730:Buddhists
3692:Theosophy
3495:Symbolism
3485:Hama yumi
3458:Bodh Gaya
3225:Socialism
3200:Evolution
3175:Economics
3013:Venezuela
2928:Australia
2923:Argentina
2847:Sri Lanka
2842:Singapore
2760:Indonesia
2722:Countries
2663:Tripiį¹aka
2625:Ajahn Mun
2500:Nagarjuna
2495:AÅvaghoį¹£a
2378:AnagÄrika
2373:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
2368:ÅrÄmaį¹era
2363:Bhikkhunī
2323:SotÄpanna
2212:Passaddhi
2153:Offerings
2128:Nekkhamma
2005:Iddhipada
1925:Practices
1895:Theravada
1868:Vajrayana
1861:Yogachara
1831:Pure Land
1744:Six Paths
1731:Cosmology
1511:Anuruddha
1486:SÄriputta
1476:Kaundinya
1468:Disciples
1443:VajrapÄį¹i
1295:Footprint
1260:TathÄgata
1062:(cloth);
662:Footnotes
455:BhÄviveka
451:Nagarjuna
440:Tripiį¹aka
408:Vajravali
396:Vajravali
304:Teachings
294:Sukhavati
286:Bodh Gaya
231:Jharkhand
223:Taranatha
189:Vajravali
130:Education
121:Vajrayana
3768:Category
3697:Violence
3667:Hinduism
3615:Sanskrit
3570:Hinayana
3555:AmitÄbha
3515:Swastika
3384:Uposatha
3374:Holidays
3359:Calendar
3205:Humanism
3043:Kanishka
3033:Timeline
2857:Thailand
2825:Kalmykia
2820:Buryatia
2805:Pakistan
2790:Mongolia
2785:Maldives
2780:Malaysia
2745:Cambodia
2610:Shamarpa
2605:Nichiren
2555:Xuanzang
2490:Nagasena
2408:Rinpoche
2138:PÄramitÄ
1980:Devotion
1900:Navayana
1888:Dzogchen
1851:Nichiren
1799:Mahayana
1791:Branches
1669:Saį¹
khÄra
1418:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
1375:(cousin)
1367:(cousin)
1335:(mother)
1327:(father)
1315:Miracles
1265:Birthday
1182:Glossary
1155:Buddhism
793:43379879
627:Maitreya
567:Sanskrit
539:AmitÄbha
420:Mahayana
387:and the
372:prakriya
367:abhiseka
334:Yogacara
298:Himavana
278:RÄmapÄla
196:mandalas
111:Buddhism
108:MahÄyÄna
95:Buddhism
91:Religion
54:Personal
3745:Temples
3725:Buddhas
3687:Science
3677:Judaism
3672:Jainism
3590:Lineage
3550:AbhijƱÄ
3520:Thangka
3463:Sarnath
3448:Lumbini
3369:Funeral
3364:Cuisine
3240:Culture
3215:Reality
3165:Creator
3155:Atomism
3025:History
2998:Ukraine
2958:Germany
2877:Senegal
2867:Vietnam
2795:Myanmar
2595:Shinran
2585:Karmapa
2560:Shandao
2530:DignÄga
2455:ÅrÄvaka
2435:Donchee
2430:Kappiya
2388:Sayadaw
2358:Bhikkhu
2333:AnÄgÄmi
2290:Nirvana
2256:Samadhi
2143:Paritta
2084:Tonglen
2079:Mandala
2034:Smarana
2015:Mantras
1963:Upekkha
1933:Bhavana
1883:Shingon
1836:Tiantai
1689:TathÄtÄ
1679:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
1674:Skandha
1664:Saį¹sÄra
1659:Rebirth
1634:Kleshas
1624:Indriya
1526:Subhūti
1411:Guanyin
1365:Änanda
1357:RÄhula
1237:Nirvana
1177:Outline
720:(1970)
547:Subhuti
532:Tibetan
501:EkayÄna
483:), the
470:In the
434:in his
391:works.
270:Magadha
251:Nalanda
247:Magadha
243:Deoghar
156:Teacher
142:Nalanda
3740:Sutras
3735:Suttas
3600:Siddhi
3585:Koliya
3560:BrahmÄ
3475:Poetry
3421:Mantra
3411:Kasaya
3283:Pagoda
3263:Kyaung
3258:VihÄra
3253:Temple
3195:Ethics
3038:Ashoka
2988:Sweden
2983:Poland
2978:Norway
2968:Mexico
2953:France
2938:Canada
2933:Brazil
2872:Africa
2852:Taiwan
2815:Russia
2740:Bhutan
2700:Vinaya
2580:Naropa
2570:Saraha
2505:Asanga
2261:PrajƱÄ
2170:Refuge
2133:Nianfo
2094:Tertƶn
2089:Tantra
2074:Ganana
2064:Tukdam
1990:DhyÄna
1958:Mudita
1953:Karuį¹Ä
1846:Risshū
1841:Huayan
1774:Naraka
1714:AnattÄ
1709:Dukkha
1704:Anicca
1609:Dharma
1561:Channa
1496:Änanda
1481:Assaji
1448:Skanda
1351:(wife)
1320:Family
1300:Relics
1225:Sangha
1220:Dharma
1215:Buddha
1107:
1066:
1058:
1025:
816:
791:
685:
611:(Tib.
585:Tantra
444:Buddha
432:Asanga
398:; the
288:) and
274:pandit
266:yogini
259:tantra
221:which
101:School
3712:Lists
3580:Kalpa
3575:Iddhi
3438:Music
3433:Mudra
3399:Vassa
3379:Vesak
3349:Budai
3295:Candi
3278:Stupa
3210:Logic
2963:Italy
2862:Tibet
2800:Nepal
2770:Korea
2765:Japan
2755:India
2750:China
2695:Sutra
2650:Texts
2600:DÅgen
2590:HÅnen
2575:AtiÅa
2540:Zhiyi
2450:Achar
2418:Tulku
2413:Geshe
2398:RÅshi
2383:Ajahn
2338:Arhat
2298:Bodhi
2268:VÄ«rya
2185:Sacca
2180:Satya
2175:SÄdhu
2163:Music
2106:Merit
2099:Terma
2059:Zazen
1995:Faith
1948:MettÄ
1629:Karma
1589:Bardo
1556:Asita
1546:Khema
1536:UpÄli
1521:Nanda
1359:(son)
1333:MÄyÄ
1310:Films
1187:Index
1070:(pb).
789:JSTOR
557:Works
182:Bihar
170:Wylie
3610:PÄįø·i
3595:MÄra
3505:Flag
2906:Iran
2830:Tuva
2775:Laos
2403:Lama
2251:ÅÄ«la
2219:ÅÄ«la
2207:PÄ«ti
2197:Sati
2148:Puja
2069:Koan
1975:DÄna
1566:Yasa
1453:TÄrÄ
1105:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1023:ISBN
814:ISBN
683:ISBN
457:and
341:The
332:and
320:The
253:and
237:and
213:Life
78:Died
59:Born
3332:Art
3268:Wat
1804:Zen
785:142
629:'s
3797::
2834:ru
999:^
944:^
928:^
883:.
783:.
779:.
767:^
697:^
453:,
446:.
410:.
328:,
300:.
261:.
198:.
82:c.
63:c.
2836:)
2832:(
2050:)
2046:(
1141:e
1134:t
1127:v
1111:.
1031:.
887:.
822:.
795:.
691:.
633:.
615:)
605:.
479:(
205:-
168:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
