531:
607:
569:
512:
56:
550:
588:
626:
31:
187:. The family Acanthizidae consists of small to medium passerine birds, with a total length varying between 8 and 19 centimetres (3.1 and 7.5 in). They have short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a short tail. Most species have olive, grey, or brown plumage, although some have patches of a brighter yellow. The
448:. Also, despite their long incubation period hatching is completely synchronous and within-brood mortality completely absent. Acanthizids are relatively long-lived, with many species living to over ten years of age in the wild and
431:
consume large numbers of seeds, and other species will take fruits. The secretions of sap-sucking insects are favoured by some species, as are the insects themselves. Some species are less terrestrial, such as the
440:. Rainforest species lay one to two eggs in a clutch, and species in the deserts and Tasmania lay three to four. Acanthizids are unusual for passerines in their long
1015:
1041:
854:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2007). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and
Chickadees. Lynx Edicions.
530:
215:) are variously seen either as subfamily Dasyornithinae within the family Acanthizidae or Pardalotidae or as own family (Schodde & Mason 1999). A
989:
1028:
874:
Sibley, C.G., and J.E. Ahlquist. 1990. Phylogeny and
Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT.
775:
Ricklefs, R.E.; “Sibling competition, hatching asynchrony, incubation period, and lifespan in altricial birds”; in Power, Dennis M. (editor);
879:
869:
859:
511:
383:
Acanthizids are native to
Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, and the southwest Pacific. The greatest diversity is found in Australia, 35
851:
Christidis, L., and W.E. Boles. 1994. The taxonomy and species of Birds of
Australia and its territories. R.A.O.U. Monograph 2: 1–112.
606:
805:
784:
659:
Notes
Ornithologiques sur les Collections Rapportées en 1853, par M.A. Delattre, de son Voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua
568:
1090:
587:
1033:
549:
820:
Gardner, Janet; “Life In the Slow Lane: Reproductive Life
History of the White-Browed Scrubwren, An Australian Endemic” in
625:
55:
950:
937:
493:
415:
and on mainland Asia. Most species are sedentary, except the gerygones. The family occupies a range of habitats from
1046:
742:
836:
427:
Most species are terrestrial, feeding primarily on insects, although also eating some seeds. In particular the
211:. More recent molecular genetic studies do not support this arrangement. The Dasyornithidae (which include the
204:
132:
837:“Old endemics and new invaders: alternative strategies of passerines for living in the Australian environment”
485:
1123:
890:
517:
216:
1118:
1077:
955:
536:
452:
is found in the weebill and with a lesser degree of development in all whitefaces and most species of
1095:
1056:
976:
449:
473:
191:
is the smallest species of acanthizid, and the smallest
Australian passerine; the largest is the
50:
1082:
928:
1064:
963:
875:
865:
855:
801:
780:
1020:
1069:
746:
722:
712:
631:
593:
441:
164:
864:
Mason, Ian J. & Schodde, Richard. 1999. The
Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines.
404:
396:
38:
680:. Australian Government: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
727:
700:
555:
408:
1112:
612:
469:
428:
392:
370:
327:
117:
942:
673:
968:
750:
311:
224:
220:
212:
208:
207:(1990) they were previously regarded as subfamily Acanthizinae within the family
1002:
922:
437:
412:
400:
300:
284:
262:
416:
411:. In Asia two species are restricted to Indonesia and another is found in the
346:
338:
273:
251:
183:
30:
913:
717:
481:
362:
240:
192:
177:
168:
107:
67:
907:
445:
354:
292:
172:
87:
994:
822:
574:
433:
388:
384:
188:
1007:
319:
141:
77:
884:
705:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
678:
Australian
Biological Resources Study: Australian Faunal Directory
981:
97:
888:
323:– Rockwarbler and two species of Mouse-Warblers (three species)
219:
study published in 2019 found that the family Acanthizidae is
444:
periods, which rival those of large songbirds like the
342:– Scrubwrens and Bicoloured Mouse-warbler (six species)
436:, which forages in the treetops, or the rock-dwelling
387:
species, then New Guinea with 15. A species lives in
235:
The family contains 67 species divided in 15 genera.
897:
358:– Gerygones (20 species including one now extinct)
751:"Bristlebirds, pardalotes, Australasian warblers"
796:Garnett, Stephen (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
701:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
315:– Redthroat and Speckled Warbler (two species)
8:
885:
227:. The pardalotes are native to Australia.
29:
20:
726:
716:
403:region, including endemic species in the
800:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 197.
661:. Vol. 37. Paris: Mallet-Bachelier.
649:
507:
672:Longmore, N. Wayne, ed. (5 Jan 2015).
223:to the pardalotes in the small family
757:. International Ornithologists' Union
674:"Family ACANTHIZIDAE Bonaparte, 1854"
7:
1057:c082b652-6be8-4aa6-a781-289150899dae
699:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
657:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1854).
484:predation in the early 1930s. The
14:
624:
605:
586:
567:
548:
529:
510:
54:
798:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1:
399:, and a further three in the
755:World Bird List Version 11.2
468:Most taxa are considered as
374:– Whitefaces (three species)
350:– Scrubwrens (eight species)
331:– Yellow-throated Scrubwren
288:– Fieldwrens (three species)
494:chestnut-breasted whiteface
333:Neosericornis citreogularis
1140:
296:– Heathwrens (two species)
366:– Thornbills (14 species)
147:
140:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
826:; 117(2), 479–489 (2000)
498:Aphelocephala pectoralis
492:) is vulnerable and the
379:Distribution and habitat
205:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
199:Taxonomy and systematics
718:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
579:Smicrornis brevirostris
486:Norfolk Island gerygone
464:Status and conservation
279:Smicrornis brevirostris
598:Chthonicola sagittatus
518:White-browed scrubwren
500:) is near threatened.
480:) – became extinct by
246:Pachycare flavogriseum
217:molecular phylogenetic
1078:Paleobiology Database
541:Gerygone magnirostris
537:Large-billed gerygone
423:Behaviour and ecology
306:Pycnoptilus floccosus
257:Oreoscopus gutturalis
171:birds which includes
749:, eds. (July 2021).
522:Sericornis frontalis
472:. One species – the
450:cooperative breeding
777:Current Ornithology
161:Australian warblers
745:; Donsker, David;
478:Gerygone insularis
474:Lord Howe gerygone
159:—sometimes called
1106:
1105:
1065:Open Tree of Life
891:Taxon identifiers
880:978-0-300-04085-2
870:978-0-643-06456-0
860:978-84-96553-42-2
747:Rasmussen, Pamela
711:(16): 7916–7925.
419:to arid regions.
268:Acanthornis magna
181:, and scrubwrens
154:
153:
136:
43:Acanthiza pusilla
1131:
1099:
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696:
690:
689:
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685:
669:
663:
662:
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632:Yellow thornbill
628:
609:
594:Speckled warbler
590:
571:
552:
533:
514:
490:Gerygone modesta
131:
59:
58:
33:
21:
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846:Further reading
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405:Chatham Islands
397:Solomon Islands
381:
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130:
53:
39:Brown thornbill
17:
16:Family of birds
12:
11:
5:
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636:Acanthiza nana
630:
623:
621:
617:Hylacola cauta
611:
604:
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560:Gerygone mouki
556:Brown gerygone
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409:Norfolk Island
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231:List of genera
229:
203:Following the
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1124:Bird families
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807:1-85391-186-0
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785:9780306439902
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613:Shy heathwren
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470:least concern
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447:
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418:
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410:
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393:New Caledonia
390:
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372:
371:Aphelocephala
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
356:
352:
349:
348:
344:
341:
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329:
328:Neosericornis
325:
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253:
249:
247:
244:– Goldenface
243:
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180:
179:
175:, thornbills
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158:
150:
149:15, see list
146:
143:
139:
134:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Meliphagoidea
116:
114:Superfamily:
113:
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108:Passeriformes
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40:
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24:Acanthizidae
22:
19:
1119:Acanthizidae
943:Acanthizidae
929:Acanthizidae
899:Acanthizidae
898:
831:
821:
816:
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771:
761:17 September
759:. Retrieved
754:
737:
708:
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694:
682:. Retrieved
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312:Pyrrholaemus
310:
305:
304:– Pilotbird
299:
291:
283:
278:
272:
267:
261:
256:
250:
245:
239:
234:
225:Pardalotidae
213:bristlebirds
209:Pardalotidae
202:
182:
176:
160:
157:Acanthizidae
156:
155:
148:
128:Acanthizidae
127:
42:
18:
1003:iNaturalist
923:Wikispecies
779:. Vol. 11.
743:Gill, Frank
438:rockwarbler
417:rainforests
413:Philippines
401:New Zealand
301:Pycnoptilus
285:Calamanthus
266:– Scrubtit
263:Acanthornis
255:– Fernwren
1113:Categories
684:29 January
644:References
454:Sericornis
442:incubation
429:whitefaces
347:Sericornis
339:Aethomyias
277:– Weebill
274:Smicrornis
252:Oreoscopus
184:Sericornis
458:Acanthiza
363:Acanthiza
241:Pachycare
193:pilotbird
178:Acanthiza
173:gerygones
169:passerine
133:Bonaparte
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
982:46558993
908:Wikidata
446:Corvidae
395:and the
355:Gerygone
293:Hylacola
124:Family:
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
995:3241751
914:Q782355
823:The Auk
728:6475423
575:Weebill
504:Gallery
434:weebill
389:Vanuatu
385:endemic
189:weebill
163:—are a
104:Order:
94:Class:
1096:225867
1083:255521
1070:409117
1054:NZOR:
1047:626425
1034:915689
1021:107730
878:
868:
858:
804:
783:
725:
320:Origma
221:sister
165:family
142:Genera
135:, 1854
1091:WoRMS
1016:IRMNG
1008:71292
969:6232S
956:88767
1042:NCBI
1029:ITIS
990:GBIF
951:BOLD
876:ISBN
866:ISBN
856:ISBN
835:See
802:ISBN
781:ISBN
763:2021
686:2023
456:and
407:and
98:Aves
977:EoL
964:CoL
938:AFD
723:PMC
713:doi
709:116
482:rat
167:of
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703:.
676:.
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391:,
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45:)
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41:(
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