446:. At that time he was very kind to us. When he was little more than a youth he went to Senegal, stayed there five or six years, observing, collecting, dissecting, describing and classifying; and he summarised all this in a brief but eminently respectable natural history of the country, from which I learnt almost everything I know of the African flora and fauna. A valuable book, indeed, and the outcome of intense and long sustained effort; but I can scarcely venture to name it on the same day as his maximum opus – twenty seven large volumes devoted to a systematic account of created beings and substances and the relations between them, together with a hundred and fifty volumes more of index, exact scientific description, separate treatises and a vocabulary:
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containing 200,000 words, with their explanations; and a number of detached memoirs, 40,000 figures and 30,000 specimens of the three kingdoms of nature. The committee to which the inspection of this enormous mass was entrusted strongly recommended
Adanson to separate and publish all that was peculiarly his own, leaving out what was merely compilation. He obstinately rejected this advice; and the huge work, at which he continued to labour, was never published.
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245:. He founded his classification of all organised beings on the consideration of each individual organ. As each organ gave birth to new relations, so he established a corresponding number of arbitrary arrangements. Those beings possessing the greatest number of similar organs were referred to one great division, and the relationship was considered more remote in proportion to the dissimilarity of organs.
538:
222:. He remained there for five years, collecting and describing numerous animals and plants. He also collected specimens of every object of commerce, delineated maps of the country, made systematic meteorological and astronomical observations, and prepared grammars and dictionaries of the languages spoken on the banks of the
348:
He had been elected a member of the
Academy of Sciences in 1759, and he latterly subsisted on a small pension it had conferred on him. Of this he was deprived in the dissolution of the Academy by the Constituent Assembly in 1793, and was consequently reduced to such a depth of poverty as to be unable
321:
could hardly have remained unfamiliar with
Adanson 's publications. Adanson not only described evolution in his "Familles de plantes", published in 1763 when Lamarck was a young man of twenty, but also suggested that the changes in specific characteristics were produced through the inheritance of
284:
an immense work, extending to all known beings and substances. It consisted of 27 large volumes of manuscript, employed in displaying the general relations of all these matters, and their distribution; 150 volumes more, occupied with the alphabetical arrangement of 40,000 species; a vocabulary,
450:, Jack, with forty thousand drawings and thirty thousand specimens. All this he showed to the Academy. It was much praised but never published. Yet he continued working on it in poverty and old age, and I like to think he was happy in his immense design, and with the admiration of such men as
233:(1757). Sales of the work were slow, and after the publisher's bankruptcy and the reimbursement to subscribers, Adanson estimated the cost of the book to him had been 5,000 livres, beginning the penury in which he lived the rest of his life. This work has a special interest from the essay on
631:
Adanson: Adanson, the man, by J. P. Nicolas. Adanson and his
Familles des plantes, by F. A. Stafleu. The Adanson collection of botanical books and manuscripts, by W. D. Margadant. Hunt Botanical Library, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1963. p.
333:" to refer to small changes that could bring about new variations in individuals. Despite being described as a "precursor of evolutionism" by historians, Adanson rejected the concept of species, preferring to focus on individuals and denied the
362:
He died in Paris after months of severe suffering, requesting, as the only decoration of his grave, a garland of flowers gathered from the fifty-eight families he had differentiated – "a touching though transitory image," says
353:
when it invited him to take his place among its members. (It is said that he possessed neither a white shirt, a coat nor a whole pair of breeches.) Afterwards he was granted a pension sufficient to relieve his simple wants.
810:
Geschichte, Systematik und
Literatur der Insectenkunde, von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Als Handbuch für den Jünger und als Repertorium für den Meister der Entomologie bearbeitet
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432:
makes reference to
Adanson. He elaborates on Adanson's botanical work in Senegal, the prodigious volume of his written output and his penurious circumstances at the time of his death.
903:
442:"He was a very great naturalist, as zealous, prolific and industrious as he was unfortunate. I knew him in Paris when I was young, and admired him extremely; so did
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257:. In this work he developed the principle of arrangement above mentioned, which, in its adherence to natural botanical relations, was based on the system of
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His papers and herbarium remained in his family's hands for over a century and a half, finally coming to the Hunt
Institute for Botanical Documentation at
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265:. The success of this work was hindered by its innovations in the use of terms, which were ridiculed by the defenders of the popular sexual system of
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Adanson made a serious attempt to classify fungi based on their fruit body complexity. He was the first botanist to classify lichens with fungi.
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who traveled to
Senegal to study flora and fauna. He proposed a "natural system" of taxonomy distinct from the binomial system forwarded by
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237:, printed at the end of it, where Adanson proposed his universal method, a system of classification distinct from those of
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After his return to Paris in 1754 he made use of a small portion of the materials he had collected in his
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465:(The door of the voyage without return) was inspired by and is about Adanson's experiences in Senegal.
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commemorates
Adanson), the origin of the varieties of cultivated plants, and gum-producing trees.
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From
Creation to Evolution: Sir William Dawson and the Idea of Design in the Nineteenth Century
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The Inheritance of Acquired Characters and the Provisional Hypothesis of Pangenesis
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Adanson : the Bicentennial of Michel Adanson's Familles des Plantes. Part one
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269:; but it did much to open the way for the establishment, by means principally of
367:, "of the more durable monument which he has erected to himself in his works."
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145:
416:
In The Reverse of the Medal, the eleventh novel in the series and, again, in
780:"Rentrée littéraire 2021 : la sélection du « Monde Afrique »"
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371:
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in Paris from 1741 to 1746. At the end of 1748, funded by a director of the
391:, Pittsburgh, in 1961–62. Subsequently, the Hunt Institute republished his
317:
has noted that "Adanson was Lamarck's predecessor at the Jardin Royal, and
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262:
141:
140:(7 April 1727 – 3 August 1806) was an 18th-century French
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The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance
562:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 183.
318:
219:
17:
375:
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Marble statue of Adanson displayed at the former Episcopal Palace in
261:, and had been anticipated to some extent nearly a century before by
822:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 58–59.
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Besides the books already mentioned he published papers on the
277:(1789), of the natural method of the classification of plants.
663:
History of Paradise: The Garden of Eden in Myth and Tradition
838:
A Voyage to Senegal, the Isle of Goree, and the River Gambia
736:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
732:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
327:
Histoire and Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences
186:. His family moved to Paris in 1730. After leaving the
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In 1774 Adanson submitted to the consideration of the
165:is used to indicate this person as the author when
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111:
101:
86:
74:
53:
34:
939:National Museum of Natural History (France) people
395:in two volumes (1963–64), under the editorship of
622:. Journal of the History of Biology 16: 137–170.
812:. Leipzig, C. H. F. Hartmann : VIII+255 p.
440:
218:, he left France on an exploring expedition to
592:
590:
8:
661:Delumeau, Jean; O'Connell, Matthew. (2000).
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31:
904:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
816:Nicolas, J.P. (1970). "Adanson, Michel".
665:. University of Illinois Press. p. 222.
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529:
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523:
521:
519:
717:Bibliography of the History of Medicine
684:Introduction to the History of Mycology
495:
485:Category: Taxa named by Michel Adanson
305:Adanson was an early proponent of the
778:Marivat, Gladys (18 September 2021).
206:, Paris. He attended lectures at the
7:
819:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
307:inheritance of acquired characters
25:
924:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
909:French people of Scottish descent
734:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
578:Carnegie Institute of Technology
536:
329:of 1769, Adanson used the term "
914:18th-century Scottish botanists
859:18th-century French naturalists
504:International Plant Names Index
255:Familles naturelles des plantes
249:Familles naturelles des plantes
463:La porte du voyage sans retour
1:
934:19th-century French botanists
929:18th-century French botanists
889:Proto-evolutionary biologists
843:Histoire naturelle du Sénégal
714:National Library of Medicine
686:. Cambridge University Press.
576:. The Hunt botanical library
454:and the Institute in general.
231:Histoire naturelle du Senegal
27:French naturalist (1727-1806)
899:Fellows of the Royal Society
123:Author abbrev. (botany)
919:People from Aix-en-Provence
448:a hundred and fifty volumes
420:, the seventeenth novel of
301:, depicted holding a shell
259:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
955:
389:Carnegie Mellon University
282:French Academy of Sciences
271:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
645:. Belknap Press. p. 260.
618:Cornell, John F. (1983).
408:, is named in his honor.
378:tree (whose generic name
253:In 1763 he published his
131:
94:
41:
682:Ainsworth, C. G (1976).
335:transmutation of species
744:. ("Adanson", pp. 1–2).
606:The American Naturalist
559:Encyclopædia Britannica
313:. Historian of science
190:he was employed in the
841:, 1759—Translation of
456:
325:In an article for the
322:acquired characters."
309:and a limited view of
302:
641:Mayr, Ernst. (1982).
426:Aubrey-Maturin series
402:A species of turtle,
397:George H. M. Lawrence
349:to appear before the
296:
874:French entomologists
475:Arboretum de Balaine
393:Familles des plantes
202:, as well as in the
188:Collège Sainte-Barbe
182:Adanson was born at
884:French phycologists
808:Eiselt, J. N. 1836
216:Compagnie des Indes
156:author abbreviation
879:French mycologists
405:Pelusios adansonii
303:
204:Jardin des Plantes
200:Bernard de Jussieu
116:Jardin des Plantes
767:978-0-00-649932-9
742:978-1-4214-0135-5
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96:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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358:Death and legacy
351:French Institute
275:Genera Plantarum
196:R. A. F. RĂ©aumur
178:Personal history
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552:, ed. (1911). "
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430:Stephen Maturin
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299:Aix-en-Provence
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597:Zirkle, Conway
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80:(1806-08-03)
64:7 April 1727
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869:1806 deaths
864:1727 births
786:(in French)
509: Adans
87:Nationality
853:Categories
790:29 October
599:. (1935).
584:, 1963:49.
582:Pittsburgh
491:References
344:Later life
146:naturalist
106:Naturalist
60:1727-04-07
381:Adansonia
372:ship-worm
331:mutations
311:evolution
289:Evolution
784:Le Monde
700:Archived
469:See also
267:Linnaeus
263:John Ray
243:Linnaeus
210:and the
192:cabinets
150:Linnaeus
142:botanist
547::
452:Jussieu
319:Lamarck
224:Sénégal
220:Senegal
18:Adanson
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765:
740:
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649:
541:
461:novel
444:Cuvier
376:baobab
374:, the
239:Buffon
235:shells
167:citing
161:Adans.
127:Adans.
102:Fields
90:French
824:ISBN
792:2021
763:ISBN
738:ISBN
667:ISBN
647:ISBN
241:and
198:and
144:and
75:Died
54:Born
632:168
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