182:, and it was suggested that anglicisation would not only encourage loyalty and congeniality between the Channel Islands and Britain, but also provide economic prosperity and improved "general happiness". During the 19th century, there was concern over the practise of sending young Channel Islanders to France for education, as they might have brought back French culture and viewpoints back to the Islands. The
274:. However, much of the land the English settled was not intensively used or densely populated. The culture of settling English populations in Wales and Ireland remained heavy influenced by that of England. These communities were also socially and culturally segregated from the native Irish and Welsh, a distinction which was reinforced by government legislation such as the
322:
labour, with national migrants tending to work in coalfields or remain in rural villages, while non-national migrants were attracted to coastal towns and cities. This preserved monocultural Welsh communities, ensuring the continued prominence of the Welsh language and customs within them. However, other scholars argue that industrialisation and
253:
Secondly, English communities in Wales and
Ireland emphasised their English identities, which became established through the settlement of various parts of Wales and Ireland between the 11th and 17th centuries under the guidance of successive English kings. In Wales, this primarily occurred during
321:
prevented Wales from being anglicised to the extent of
Ireland and Scotland, as the majority of the Welsh people did not move abroad in search of employment during the early modern era, and thus did not have to learn to speak English. Furthermore, migration patterns created a cultural division of
167:, and many did not even know English. English became seen in the Channel Islands as "the language of commercial success and moral and intellectual achievement". The growth of English and the decline of French brought about the adoption of more values and social structures from
341:. English "was perceived as the language of progress, equality, prosperity, mass entertainment and pleasure". This and other administrative reforms resulted in the institutional and cultural dominance of English and marginalisation of Welsh, especially in the more urban
478:
In the past, the names of people from other language areas were anglicised to a higher extent than today. This was the general rule for names of Latin or (classical) Greek origin. Today, the anglicised name forms are often retained for the more well-known persons, like
587:
576:, 2003, p. 89. "Beyond gaps in our information about who or what was affected by anglicisation is the matter of understanding the process more fully in terms of agency, periodisation, and extent and limitations."
398:
Non-English words may be anglicised by changing their form and/or pronunciation to something more familiar to
English speakers. Some foreign place names are commonly anglicised in English. Examples include the
819:
163:
became a predominantly
English-speaking place, though bilingualism was still common. This created a divided linguistic geography, as the people of the countryside continued to use forms of
349:
of Wales. In 2022, the
Commission for Welsh-speaking Communities warned that the emigration of Anglophones to Welsh-speaking villages and towns was putting the Welsh language at risk.
997:
859:
326:
led to economic decline in rural Wales, and given that the country's large towns and cities were anglicised, this led to an overall anglicisation of the nation.
171:
England. Eventually, this led to the
Channel Islands's culture becoming mostly anglicised, which supplanted the traditional Norman-based culture of the Islands.
992:
1221:
463:, until the city chose to change its official name back to Kolkata in 2001. Anglicisation of words and names from indigenous languages occurred across the
234:. Between 1000 and 1300, the British Isles became increasingly anglicised. Firstly, the ruling classes of England, who were of Norman origin after the
899:
73:, in which a non-English term or name is altered due to the cultural influence of the English language. It can also refer to the influence of English
809:
387:
Linguistic anglicisation is the practice of modifying foreign words, names, and phrases to make them easier to spell, pronounce or understand in
1379:
546:
334:
206:
Anglicisation was an essential element in the development of
British society and of the development of a unified British polity. Within the
965:
503:
during the 19th and 20th centuries, the names of many immigrants were never changed by immigration officials but only by personal choice.
852:
1153:
93:
758:
675:
263:
1500:
1446:
391:. The term commonly refers to the respelling of foreign words, often to a more drastic degree than that implied in, for example,
362:
291:
179:
1638:
845:
155:
In the early parts of the 19th century, mostly due to increased immigration from the rest of the
British Isles, the town of
1109:
894:
370:
330:
255:
1518:
1357:
1555:
1097:
943:
382:
70:
38:
174:
From 1912, the educational system of the
Channel Islands was delivered solely in English, following the norms of the
1505:
599:
534:
186:
in the
Channel Islands supported anglicising the Islands, due to the social and economic benefits it would bring.
1613:
247:
290:, Wales was gradually conquered by the English. The institutional anglicisation of Wales was finalised with the
1633:
1268:
1119:
1054:
982:
89:
77:, which includes media, cuisine, popular culture, technology, business practices, laws and political systems.
373:
and is considered a subset of Anglicization due to English being the dominant language in the United States.
1623:
1618:
1394:
1250:
1201:
109:
266:
in various newly established settlements in Welsh territory. English settlers in Ireland mostly resided in
1535:
904:
464:
369:
and having all immigrants change their first names to English-sounding names. This movement was known as
1628:
1337:
1300:
1256:
868:
50:
1572:
1540:
275:
175:
1012:
1577:
1550:
1148:
960:
953:
1233:
921:
728:
611:
338:
307:
295:
191:
54:
365:. This was carried out through methods including (but not limited to) mandating the teaching of
644:
First English Empire: Power and Identities in the British Isles 1093–1343 (Ford lectures; 1998)
1567:
1186:
764:
754:
720:
681:
671:
648:
552:
542:
318:
150:
298:. This not only institutionally anglicised Wales, but brought about the anglicisation of the
230:. Until the 19th century, most significant period for anglicisation in those regions was the
1545:
1478:
1410:
1206:
712:
603:
388:
366:
346:
231:
129:
58:
1592:
1512:
1490:
1473:
1280:
1245:
1086:
1076:
1032:
1027:
926:
889:
235:
227:
164:
160:
117:
105:
792:
1582:
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1468:
1384:
1364:
1332:
1285:
1275:
1228:
1216:
1175:
1170:
1136:
1126:
1104:
1066:
1037:
1022:
972:
948:
879:
500:
491:) for Hadrianus. During the time in which there were large influxes of immigrants from
468:
311:
259:
125:
113:
66:
1607:
1562:
1495:
1436:
1369:
1352:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1290:
1263:
1196:
1180:
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1114:
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615:
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358:
303:
299:
207:
168:
81:
1441:
1420:
1389:
1374:
1347:
1342:
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1191:
1143:
1131:
1049:
1017:
1007:
1002:
884:
814:
392:
323:
243:
1587:
1415:
1211:
916:
424:
342:
287:
223:
183:
420:
404:
187:
128:
has continued to be spoken by a large part of the country's population due to
74:
724:
652:
936:
931:
768:
685:
556:
484:
480:
428:
156:
133:
61:
or culture; institutional, in which institutions are influenced by those of
53:
whereby something non-English becomes assimilated into or influenced by the
31:
132:
measures aimed at countering historical anglicisation measures such as the
17:
472:
452:
357:
During the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a nationwide effort in the
267:
211:
101:
97:
837:
488:
460:
436:
400:
239:
219:
62:
732:
701:"Gaelic in Scotland 1698-1981: The Geographical History of a Language"
588:"An Empire of Goods: The Anglicization of Colonial America, 1690–1776"
57:. It can be sociocultural, in which a non-English or place adopts the
668:
Gaelic in Scotland, 1698-1981: the geographical history of a language
642:
492:
416:
412:
408:
271:
195:
700:
810:"Second homes and Brexit pushing Welsh language to 'tipping point'"
716:
607:
456:
448:
444:
440:
432:
215:
210:, anglicisation can be defined as influence of English culture in
121:
85:
751:
Jersey: Not Quite British: The Rural History of a Singular People
841:
641:
Davies, R.R. (2000). "The Anglicization of the British Isles".
302:
and language. Motives for anglicising Wales included securing
699:
Embleton, Sheila M.; Withers, Charles W.J. (September 1985).
337:
introduced compulsory English-language education into the
242:
identity, different from the identity of the native
1528:
1461:
1429:
1403:
306:England against incursions from Catholic powers in
574:The British World: Diaspora, Culture, and Identity
475:in particular have been affected by this process.
539:English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change
96:was mostly complete by 1000 AD, but continued in
794:The rural community in nineteenth century Jersey
533:Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (1990).
112:to the point where by the mid-14th century the
853:
238:of 1066, became anglicised as their separate
116:was the dominant national language among the
100:and other regions until the 18th century. In
8:
568:
566:
190:such as John Le Couteur strove to introduce
1400:
860:
846:
838:
294:, which fully incorporated Wales into the
92:underwent a process of anglicisation. The
459:city of Kolkata used to be anglicised as
512:
151:History of Jersey § Anglicisation
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
744:
742:
335:Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889
310:and promoting the power of the Welsh
178:. Anglicisation was supported by the
7:
636:
634:
632:
572:Bridge, Carl, and Fedorowich, Kent.
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
80:Anglicisation first occurred in the
822:from the original on 2 January 2023
270:, a small area concentrated around
808:Morris, Steven (8 November 2022).
94:Celtic language decline in England
37:For linguistic anglicisation, see
25:
292:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
246:, became replaced with a single
535:"2. The Anglicisation of Wales"
666:Withers, Charles W.J. (1984).
1:
331:Elementary Education Act 1870
258:, which involved English and
256:conquest of Wales by Edward I
88:under the sovereignty of the
27:Form of cultural assimilation
1442:Romanisation of the writings
586:Breen, T.H. (October 1986).
1556:Forced religious conversion
797:(Thesis). S.l.: typescript.
753:. Jersey: Seaflower Books.
647:. Oxford University Press.
383:Anglicisation (linguistics)
39:Anglicisation (linguistics)
1655:
791:Kelleher, John D. (1991).
600:Cambridge University Press
592:Journal of British Studies
380:
317:Scholars have argued that
176:English educational system
148:
108:began during the reign of
36:
29:
1519:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
1404:Assimilation by religions
875:
749:Le Feuvre, David (1994).
248:English national identity
1430:Assimilation by writings
670:. Edinburgh: J. Donald.
541:. Multilingual Matters.
377:Linguistic anglicisation
339:Welsh educational system
314:in the rest of England.
30:Not to be confused with
467:in former parts of the
110:Malcolm III of Scotland
1536:Cultural globalisation
465:English-speaking world
1639:Cultural assimilation
869:Cultural assimilation
483:for Aristoteles, and
149:Further information:
51:cultural assimilation
1573:Internal colonialism
1541:Cultural imperialism
1222:Northern Afghanistan
363:immigrants to the US
276:Statutes of Kilkenny
140:History and examples
1578:Jewish assimilation
1551:Forced assimilation
1089:or Castilianisation
443:city of Al-Qāhira (
1202:Montenegrinisation
427:city of Den Haag (
419:city of Göteborg (
308:Continental Europe
296:Kingdom of England
180:British government
55:culture of England
1601:
1600:
1568:Identity politics
1457:
1456:
1187:Macedonianisation
548:978-1-85359-031-3
451:city of Firenze (
435:city of Sevilla (
361:to anglicise all
319:industrialisation
104:, the decline of
16:(Redirected from
1646:
1614:English language
1546:Dominant culture
1529:Related concepts
1491:De-russification
1479:De-stalinisation
1474:De-communisation
1411:Christianisation
1401:
1253:or Latinisation
1207:Norwegianisation
1183:or Hungarisation
1157:
998:Colombianisation
900:Native Americans
862:
855:
848:
839:
832:
831:
829:
827:
805:
799:
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773:
772:
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737:
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690:
689:
663:
657:
656:
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622:
583:
577:
570:
561:
560:
530:
411:city of Moskva (
403:city København (
367:American English
232:High Middle Ages
130:language revival
59:English language
21:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1634:Transliteration
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1593:Monoculturalism
1524:
1513:De-sinicisation
1486:De-nazification
1462:Opposite trends
1453:
1425:
1399:
1281:Sanskritisation
1246:Romanianisation
1212:Pakistanisation
1151:
1087:Hispanicisation
1077:Hawaiianisation
1033:Europeanisation
1028:Estonianisation
983:Canadianisation
890:Americanisation
871:
866:
836:
835:
825:
823:
807:
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531:
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385:
379:
371:Americanization
355:
284:
262:settlers being
236:Norman Conquest
228:Channel Islands
204:
192:English culture
161:Channel Islands
153:
147:
145:Channel Islands
142:
124:, however, the
118:Scottish people
106:Scottish Gaelic
90:king of England
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Types of words
1621:
1619:Scots language
1616:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Language shift
1580:
1575:
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1558:
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1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1469:De-arabisation
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1395:Zairianisation
1392:
1387:
1385:Westernisation
1382:
1380:Vietnamisation
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Turkmenisation
1362:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Talibanisation
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1288:
1286:Serbianisation
1283:
1278:
1276:Saffronisation
1273:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1229:Persianisation
1226:
1225:
1224:
1217:Pashtunisation
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:Lithuanisation
1173:
1171:Latvianization
1168:
1163:
1158:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:Japanification
1129:
1127:Italianisation
1124:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1105:Indigenisation
1102:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Georgification
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:Westernisation
1030:
1025:
1023:Dutchification
1020:
1015:
1013:Cypriotisation
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
973:Bosniakisation
970:
969:
968:
958:
957:
956:
949:Belarusisation
946:
944:Araucanisation
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
914:
909:
908:
907:
902:
897:
887:
882:
880:Africanisation
876:
873:
872:
867:
865:
864:
857:
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842:
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833:
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717:10.2307/414416
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658:
628:
608:10.1086/385874
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501:United Kingdom
469:British Empire
381:Main article:
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354:
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283:
280:
203:
200:
146:
143:
141:
138:
126:Welsh language
114:Scots language
67:United Kingdom
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
2:
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1563:Globalisation
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1496:Korenizatsiia
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1437:Cyrillisation
1435:
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1428:
1422:
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1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Ukrainisation
1368:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:Turkification
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:Taiwanisation
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Swedification
1326:
1324:
1323:Swahilisation
1321:
1319:
1318:Sovietisation
1316:
1314:
1313:Slovakisation
1311:
1309:
1308:Slavicisation
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Sinhalisation
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:Russification
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1231:
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1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1197:Mongolisation
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:Magyarisation
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Kurdification
1164:
1162:
1161:Koreanisation
1159:
1155:
1150:
1149:Kazakhisation
1147:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:Israelisation
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:Indianisation
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Hellenisation
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Germanisation
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Gaelicisation
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:Finnicisation
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Chilenisation
991:
989:
988:Celticisation
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:Bulgarisation
976:
974:
971:
967:
964:
963:
962:
961:Bengalisation
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
945:
942:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
913:
912:Anglicisation
910:
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903:
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877:
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821:
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816:
811:
804:
801:
796:
795:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
760:0-948578-57-2
756:
752:
745:
743:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
695:
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687:
683:
679:
677:0-85976-097-9
673:
669:
662:
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654:
650:
646:
645:
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635:
633:
629:
617:
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