Anticoagulant - Knowledge (XXG)

329:, limb gangrene, and purple toe syndrome. Skin necrosis and limb gangrene are most commonly observed on the third to eighth day of therapy. The exact pathogenesis of skin necrosis and limb gangrene is not completely understood but it is believed to be associated with warfarin's effect on inhibiting the production of protein C and protein S. Purple toe syndrome typically develops three to eight weeks after initiation of warfarin therapy. Other adverse effects of warfarin are associated with depletion of vitamin K, which can lead to inhibition of G1a proteins and growth arrest-specific gene 6, which can lead to increased risk of arterial calcification and heart valve, especially if too much Vitamin D is present. Warfarin's interference with G1a proteins has also been linked to abnormalities in fetal bone development in mothers who were treated with warfarin during pregnancy. Long-term warfarin and heparin usage have also been linked to osteoporosis. 971:(for factor Xa inhibitor) have been used in clinical settings with varying efficacy. Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody, approved by the US FDA in 2015, that reverses the effect of dabigatran by binding to both free and thrombin-bound dabigatran. Andexanet alfa is a recombinant modified human factor Xa decoy that reverses the effect of factor Xa inhibitors by binding at the active sites of factor Xa inhibitor and making it catalytically inactive. Andexanet alfa was approved by the US FDA in 2018. Another drug called ciraparantag, a potential reversal agent for direct factor Xa inhibitors, is still under investigation. Additionally, hemostatic reversal agents have also been used with varying efficacy to reverse the effects of DOACs. 40: 318:

incidence of bleeding of 15-20% per year and a life-threatening bleeding rate of 1-3% per year. Newer non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants appear to have fewer life-threatening bleeding events than warfarin. Additionally, patients aged 80 years or more may be especially susceptible to bleeding complications, with a rate of 13 bleeds per 100 person-years. Bleeding risk is especially important to consider in patients with renal impairment and NOAC therapy because all NOACs, to some extent, are excreted by the kidneys. Thus, patients with renal impairment may be at higher risk of increased bleeding.

789:(PD0348292) from Pfizer. Betrixaban is significant as it was in 2018, the only oral factor Xa inhibitor approved by the FDA for use in acutely medically ill patients. Darexaban development was discontinued in September 2011; in a trial for prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), the drug did not demonstrate effectiveness, and the risk of bleeding was increased by approximately 300%. The development of letaxaban for acute coronary syndrome was discontinued in May 2011 following negative results from a Phase II study. 1216:) far outweigh the consequences of prolonged bleeding, which can be controlled with local measures. In patients with other existing medical conditions that can increase the risk of prolonged bleeding after dental treatment or receiving other therapy that can increase bleeding risk, dental practitioners may wish to consult the patient's physician to determine whether care can safely be delivered in a primary care office. Any suggested modification to the medication regimen before dental surgery should be done in consultation and on the advice of the patient's physician. 1220:

to the anticoagulant regimen is required. In patients deemed to be at higher risk of bleeding (e.g., patients with other medical conditions or undergoing more extensive procedures associated with higher bleeding risk), consideration may be given, in consultation with and on advice of the patient's physician, to postponing the timing of the daily dose of the anticoagulant until after the procedure; timing the dental intervention as late as possible after last dose of anticoagulant; or temporarily interrupting drug therapy for 24 to 48 hours.

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for reversal exist due to a longer history of use of warfarin and the ability to get a more accurate measurement of anticoagulation effect in a patient via measuring the INR (International Normalized Ratio). In general, vitamin K is most commonly used to reverse the effect of warfarin in non-urgent settings. However, in urgent settings or settings with extremely high INR (INR >20), hemostatic reversal agents such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP),

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continued by the patient to avoid any increase in the risk of a thromboembolic event. For dental procedures with a higher risk of bleeding complications (i.e. complex extractions, adjacent extractions leading to a large wound, or more than three extractions), the recommended practice is for the patient to miss or delay a dose of their DOAC before such procedures to minimize the effect on bleeding risk.

8822: 1887:...in a market now dominated by one of the oldest mainstay pills in medicine: the blood thinner warfarin. At least five next-generation blood thinners are in advanced testing to treat or prevent potentially debilitating or life-threatening blood clots in surgery and heart patients. First candidates could reach the market in 2009. 472:. Excessive intake of the food mentioned above should be avoided while taking anticoagulants, or if coagulability is being monitored, their intake should be kept approximately constant so that anticoagulant dosage can be maintained at a level high enough to counteract this effect without fluctuations in coagulability. 739:

Both DOACs and warfarin are equivalently effective, but compared to warfarin, DOACs have fewer drug interactions, no known dietary interactions, a wider therapeutic index, and have conventional dosing that does not require dose adjustments with constant monitoring. However, there is no countermeasure

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The most serious and common adverse side effects associated with anticoagulants are increased risk of bleeding, both nonmajor and major bleeding events. The bleeding risk depends on the class of anticoagulant agent used, the patient's age, and pre-existing health conditions. Warfarin has an estimated

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Things have changed dramatically with the introduction of the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) — dabigatran, a factor IIa (thrombin) inhibitor, and the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban. Clinical trials have shown them therapeutically superior, or at least non-inferior, to VKAs, with less

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is in liquid form in the tube and is used for coagulation tests and blood transfusion bags. It binds calcium but not as strongly as EDTA. The correct proportion of this anticoagulant to blood is crucial because of the dilution, which can be reversed with the addition of calcium. Formulations include

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Based on limited evidence, the consensus appears to be that in most patients who are receiving the newer direct-acting oral anticoagulants (i.e., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) and undergoing dental treatment (in conjunction with usual local measures to control bleeding), no change

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With the growing number of patients taking oral anticoagulation therapy, studies into reversal agents are gaining increasing interest due to major bleeding events and the need for urgent anticoagulant reversal therapy. Reversal agents for warfarin are more widely studied, and established guidelines

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Recommendations of modifications to the usage/dosage of DOACs before dental treatments are made based on the balance of the bleeding risk of each procedure and also the individual's own bleeding risks and renal functionality. With low-bleeding-risk dental procedures, it is recommended that DOACs be

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Another potentially severe complication associated with heparin use is called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). There are two distinct types: HIT 1) immune-mediated and 2) non-immune-mediated. Immune-mediated HIT most commonly arises five to ten days after exposure to heparin. Pathogenesis of

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Dental practitioners play an important role in the early detection of anticoagulant overdose through oral manifestations, as the patient does not show any symptoms. Dental treatment of patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication raises safety concerns in terms of the potential risk of

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methods to minimize bleeding risk during the operation as well as postoperatively. However, with regards to DOACs and invasive dental treatments, there has not been enough clinical evidence and experience to prove any reliable adverse effects, relevance or interaction between these two. Further

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Compared to warfarin, DOACs have a rapid onset action and relatively short half-lives; hence, they carry out their function more rapidly and effectively, allowing drugs to reduce their anticoagulation effects quickly. Routine monitoring and dose adjustments of DOACs are less important than for

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In people with cancer, a systematic review has found warfarin had no effect on death rate or the risk of blood clots. However, it did increase the risk of major bleeding in 107 more people per 1000 population and minor bleeding in 167 more people per 1000 population. Apixaban had no effect on

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drugs by manipulating the various pathways of blood coagulation. Specifically, antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation (clumping together), whereas anticoagulants inhibit specific pathways of the coagulation cascade, which happens after the initial platelet aggregation but before the

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Ageno W, Mantovani LG, Haas S, Kreutz R, Monje D, Schneider J, et al. (January 2016). "Safety and effectiveness of oral rivaroxaban versus standard anticoagulation for the treatment of symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (XALIA): an international, prospective, non-interventional study".

744:, is currently available and approved for use by the FDA. Rates of adherence to DOACs are only modestly higher than adherence to warfarin among patients prescribed these drugs. Thus, adherence to anticoagulation is often poor despite hopes that DOACs would lead to higher adherence rates. 217:

The use of anticoagulants is a decision based on the risks and benefits of anticoagulation. The biggest risk of anticoagulation therapy is the increased risk of bleeding. In otherwise healthy people, the increased risk of bleeding is minimal, but those who have had recent surgery,

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warfarin, as they have better predictable anticoagulation activity. DOAC monitoring, including laboratory monitoring and a complete medication review, should generally be conducted before initiation of a DOAC, 1–3 months after initiation, and then every 6–12 months afterwards.

222:, and other conditions may have too great a risk of bleeding. Generally, the benefit of anticoagulation is preventing or reducing the progression of a thromboembolic disease. Some indications for anticoagulant therapy that are known to have benefit from therapy include: 308:

There is no evidence to indicate that adding anticoagulant therapy to standard treatment has a benefit for people with cerebral small vessel disease but not dementia, and there is an increased risk of a person with this disease experiencing a bleed with this approach.

1132:, direct or indirect filling which extends below the gingiva, complex filling, flap raising procedure, gingival recontouring and biopsies, the dentist needs to take extra precautions apart from the standard procedure. The recommendations are as follows: 1011:

instruments, blood transfusion bags, and medical and surgical equipment will get clogged up and non-operational. In addition, test tubes used for laboratory blood tests will have chemicals added to stop blood clotting. Besides heparin, most of these chemicals

538:), and they have been shown to be as good or possibly better than the coumarins with less serious side effects. The newer anticoagulants (NOACs/DOACs) are more expensive than the traditional ones and should be used in caring for patients with kidney problems. 489:

as a complementary treatment because there are clinical benefits to continuing to walk and remaining mobile while using anticoagulants in this way. Bed rest while using anticoagulants can harm patients in circumstances in which it is not medically necessary.

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The decision to begin therapeutic anticoagulation often involves the use of multiple bleeding risk predictable outcome tools as non-invasive pre-test stratifications due to the potential for bleeding while on blood thinning agents. Among these tools are

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medications may undergo dental treatments which are unlikely to cause bleeding, such as local anesthesia injection, basic gum charting, removal of plaque, calculus and stain above the gum level, direct or indirect fillings which are above the gingiva,

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Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips WS, Kitchen S, Rosendaal FR, Preston EF (March 1997). "Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy".

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Manfredi M, Dave B, Percudani D, Christoforou J, Karasneh J, Diz Dios P, et al. (June 2019). "World workshop on oral medicine VII: Direct anticoagulant agents management for invasive oral procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Ryn Jv, Stangier J, Haertter S, Liesenfeld KH, Wienen W, Feuring M, et al. (2010). "Dabigatran etexilate – a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: Interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity".

960:, and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) have been utilized with proven efficacy. Specifically with warfarin, four-factor PCC (4F-PCC) has been shown to have superior safety and mortality benefits compared to FPP in lowering INR levels. 3904:

Yun YP, Do JH, Ko SR, Ryu SY, Kim JH, Song HC, et al. (October 2001). "Effects of Korean red ginseng and its mixed prescription on the high molecular weight dextran-induced blood stasis in rats and human platelet aggregation".

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Poli D, Antonucci E, Pengo V, Migliaccio L, Testa S, Lodigiani C, et al. (September 2018). "Mechanical prosthetic heart valves: Quality of anticoagulation and thromboembolic risk. The observational multicenter PLECTRUM study".

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Marlu R, Hodaj E, Paris A, Albaladejo P, Crackowski J, Pernod G (2012). "Effect of non-specific reversal agents on anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and rivaroxaban: A randomised crossover ex vivo study in healthy volunteers".

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Chai-Adisaksopha C, Hillis C, Siegal DM, Movilla R, Heddle N, Iorio A, et al. (September 2016). "Prothrombin complex concentrates versus fresh frozen plasma for warfarin reversal A systematic review and meta-analysis".

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For a patient who needs to undergo dental treatments which are more likely to cause bleeding, such as simple tooth extractions (1-3 teeth with small wound size), drainage of swelling inside the mouth, periodontal charting,

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Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM (June 2008). "Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)".

1495:"Comparison of the Novel Oral Anticoagulants Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban in the Initial and Long-Term Treatment and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis" 5087:

Brizzee L, Stone A, Palmer MC. False lithium toxicity secondary to lithium heparin test tube: A case report and review. Ment Health Clin. 2020 May 7;10(3):90-94. doi: 10.9740/mhc.2020.05.090. PMID: 32420006; PMCID:

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Dentali F, Crowther M, Galli M, Pomero F, Garcia D, Clark N, et al. (2016-05-27). "Effect of Vitamin K Intake on the Stability of Treatment with Vitamin K Antagonists: A Systematic Review of the Literature".

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Rui TQ, Zhang L, Qiao HZ, Huang P, Qian S, Li JS, et al. (January 2016). "Preparation and Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Ginkgo Lactone Nanosuspensions for Antiplatelet Aggregation".

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test would be recommended to confirm the overdose so that the dosage can be adjusted to an acceptable standard. The INR test measures the time it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample relative to a standard.

5098:"Human medicines European public assessment report (EPAR): Pradaxa, dabigatran etexilate, Arthroplasty, Replacement,Venous Thromboembolism, Date of authorisation: 17/03/2008, Revision: 29, Status: Authorised". 627:. There are three major categories of heparin: unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and ultra-low-molecular weight heparin (ULMWH). Unfractionated heparin is usually derived from 5837:

van Diermen DE, van der Waal I, Hoogstraten J (December 2013). "Management recommendations for invasive dental treatment in patients using oral antithrombotic medication, including novel oral anticoagulants".

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An INR value of 1 indicates a level of coagulation equivalent to that of an average patient not taking warfarin, and values greater than 1 indicate a longer clotting time and, thus, a longer bleeding time.

560:(Coumadin), was found to be the anticoagulant most prescribed in a large multispecialty practice. The anticoagulant effect takes at least 48 to 72 hours to develop. Where an immediate effect is required, 1990:"The hemorrhage risk of prophylactic external ventricular drain insertion in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients requiring endovascular aneurysm treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 2088:"Efficacy and Harms of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 333:

immune-mediated HIT is believed to be caused by heparin-dependent immunoglobulin antibodies binding to platelet factor 4/heparin complexes on platelets, leading to widespread platelet activation.

305:. The risk of bleeding using the risk assessment tools above must then be weighed against thrombotic risk to formally determine the patient's overall benefit in starting anticoagulation therapy. 674:(LMWH) is produced through a controlled depolymerization of unfractionated heparin. LMWH exhibits a higher anti-Xa/anti-IIa activity ratio and is useful as it does not require monitoring of the 4430:

Aissaoui N, Martins E, Mouly S, Weber S, Meune C (September 2009). "A meta-analysis of bed rest versus early ambulation in the management of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or both".

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Banerjee K, Poddar K, Mick S, White J, Krishnaswamy A, Johnston D, et al. (November 2017). "Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Anticoagulation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation".

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An overdose of anticoagulants usually occurs in people who have heart problems and need to take anticoagulants in the long term to reduce the risk of stroke from their high blood pressure.

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Several anticoagulants are available. Warfarin, other coumarins, and heparins have long been used. Since the 2000s, several agents have been introduced that are collectively referred to as

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Bensi C, Belli S, Paradiso D, Lomurno G (July 2018). "Postoperative bleeding risk of direct oral anticoagulants after oral surgery procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

5512:"RUBY-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and tolerability of the novel oral factor Xa inhibitor darexaban (YM150) following acute coronary syndrome" 8753: 7833: 55: 2186:

Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. (February 2016). "Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report".

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interferes with some anticoagulant drugs, increasing the time it takes for them to be metabolized out of the body, and should be eaten with caution when on anticoagulant drugs.

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Nonhemorrhagic adverse events are less common than hemorrhagic adverse events but should still be monitored closely. Nonhemorrhagic adverse events of warfarin include skin

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if the patient has another medical condition or is taking other medication that may increase bleeding risk, consult the patient's general medical practitioner or specialist

3199:"Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines" 879:

The FDA approves Antithrombin as an anticoagulant for preventing clots before, during, or after surgery or birthing in patients with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.

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Norman M, Jones I (May 2014). "The shift from fluoride/oxalate to acid citrate/fluoride blood collection tubes for glucose testing — The impact upon patient results".

1124:. For all these procedures, it is recommended that the dentist treat the patient following the normal standard procedure and taking care to avoid any bleeding. 5381: 693:

is a synthetic sugar composed of the five sugars (pentasaccharides) in heparin that bind to antithrombin. It is a smaller molecule than low molecular-weight heparin.

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Raschi E, Bianchin M, De Ponti R, De Ponti F, Ageno W (June 2017). "Emerging therapeutic uses of direct-acting oral anticoagulants: An evidence-based perspective".

1557:"Effectiveness and Safety of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses" 5924: 5238: 1047:

has a mechanism similar to that of citrate. It is the anticoagulant used in fluoride/oxalate tubes to determine glucose and lactate levels. The fluoride inhibits

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if the patient is on a short course of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, delay the non-urgent, invasive procedure until the medication has been discontinued

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Pol D, Curtis C, Ramkumar S, Bittinger L (April 2019). "NOACs Now Mainstream for the Use of Anticoagulation in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Australia".

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Kurnik D, Lubetsky A, Loebstein R, Almog S, Halkin H (November 2003). "Multivitamin Supplements May Affect Warfarin Anticoagulation in Susceptible Patients".

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for most DOACs, unlike for warfarin; nonetheless, the short half-lives of DOACs will allow their effects to recede swiftly. A reversal agent for dabigatran,

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Broekmans AW, Bertina RM, Loeliger EA, Hofmann V, Klingemann HG (June 1983). "Protein C and the development of skin necrosis during anticoagulant therapy".

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if travel time to emergency care is a concern, place particular emphasis at the time of the initial treatment on the use of measures to avoid complications

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during the incubation period. It is the standard measure used in the United States and is so named because it was adopted as a standard at a conference in

835:(FDA) in September 2004 and was pulled from the market entirely in February 2006 after reports of severe liver damage and heart attacks. In November 2010, 747:

DOACs are significantly more expensive than warfarin, but the patients on DOACs may experience reduced lab costs as they do not need to monitor their INR.

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Thomas I, EncisoSilva J, Schlueter M, Greenberg B (2016), Bauersachs J, Butler J, Sandner P (eds.), "Anticoagulation Therapy and NOACs in Heart Failure",

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bleeding complications following invasive dental procedures. Therefore, certain guidelines for the dental care of patients taking these drugs are needed.

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Weinberg AC, Lieskovsky G, McGehee WG, Skinner DG (August 1983). "Warfarin necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the male external genitalia".

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Verhagen H (2009-04-24). "Local haemorrhage and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues, during anti-coagulant therapy with dicumarol or dicumacyl".

1605: 7653: 6891: 4992:"Preparation, separation, and conformational analysis of differentially sulfated heparin octasaccharide isomers using ion mobility mass spectrometry" 773:

work by inhibiting factor Xa directly (unlike heparins and fondaparinux, which work via antithrombin activation). Also included in this category are

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clinical prospective studies on DOACs are required to investigate the bleeding risk and hemostasis associated with surgical and dental procedures.

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As in any invasive procedure, patients on anticoagulation therapy have an increased risk for bleeding, and caution should be used along with local

6538:"Reversal of Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran by Prothrombin Complex Concentrate: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects" 2703:"The HAS-BLED Score for Predicting Major Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 5564: 5412:"Real-World Adherence and Persistence to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4346:

Koehl JL, Hayes BD, Al-Samkari H, Rosovsky R (2020-01-23). "A comprehensive evaluation of apixaban in the treatment of venous thromboembolism".

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plan treatment for early in the day and week, where possible, to allow time for the management of prolonged bleeding or re-bleeding if it occurs

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Diener HC, Ntaios G, O'Donnell M, Easton JD (2018-09-22). "Non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for the prevention of secondary stroke".

8177: 7767: 6682: 4400: 3408:

Talmadge DB, Spyropoulos AC (May 2003). "Purple toes syndrome associated with warfarin therapy in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome".

3085:"Influence of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy, and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants" 2548: 1188:

There is general agreement that in most cases, treatment regimens with older anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) and antiplatelet agents (e.g.,

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Pettifor JM, Benson R (March 1975). "Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy".

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follow the specific recommendations and advice given for the management of patients taking different anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs

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Djulbegovic M, Lee AI (September 2018). "An Update on the "Novel" and Direct Oral Anticoagulants, and Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy".

1160: 8207: 8070: 5875:"Post-operative Bleeding Risk in Dental Surgery for Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies" 1204:, and/or aspirin) should not be altered before dental procedures. The risks of stopping or reducing these medication regimens (i.e., 7138: 5642: 322:

mortality, recurrence of blood clots in blood vessels, or major or minor bleeding. However, this finding comes only from one study.

39: 6934: 6863: 1654: 3657:"Risk of osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients taking warfarin: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation 2" 8360: 7816: 7748: 7156: 7129: 6869: 5962: 2750:

Kwan J, Hafdi M, Chiang LL, Myint PK, Wong LS, Quinn TJ (2022-07-13). Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ed.).

1256: 1023: 2752:"Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but without dementia" 7083: 4404: 2987:"Major hemorrhage and tolerability of warfarin in the first year of therapy among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation" 4880:

Linhardt RJ (June 2003). "2003 Claude S. Hudson Award address in carbohydrate chemistry. Heparin: structure and activity".

6884: 5389: 8059: 5041:"Antithrombin III for critically ill patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis" 7841: 7367: 6034:

Tornkvist M, Smith JG, Labaf A (February 2018). "Current evidence of oral anticoagulant reversal: A systematic review".

6016: 5935: 3778:"Systematic review of fondaparinux for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: When there are no randomized controlled trials" 832: 712:

The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in and after 2008. There are five DOACs currently on the market:

671: 6734:"Management of Dental Patients Taking Anticoagulants or Antiplatelet Drugs – New guidance from SDCEP | Scottish Dental" 5802:

Kosyfaki P, Att W, Strub JR (August 2011). "The dental patient on oral anticoagulant medication: a literature review".

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A substantial number of compounds are being investigated for use as anticoagulants. The most promising ones act on the

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perform the procedure as traumatically as possible, use appropriate local measures and only discharge the patient once

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Skelley JW, White CW, Thomason AR (January 2017). "The use of direct oral anticoagulants in inherited thrombophilia".

1266: 5753:"Managing patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOAs) in dentistry: a discussion paper on clinical implications" 4109:

Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Franchini M (April 2016). "Vegetables intake and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review".

8320: 7809: 3139:"Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation" 2496:

Lander H, Zammert M, FitzGerald D (September 2016). "Anticoagulation management during cross-clamping and bypass".

1318: 732:. They were also previously referred to as "new/novel" and "non-vitamin K antagonist" oral anticoagulants (NOACs). 7540: 7514: 7506: 5620: 1331: 1240:); it is anticipated that this may provide agents that prevent thrombosis without conferring a risk of bleeding. 1229: 804: 798: 3620:

Hall JG, Pauli RM, Wilson KM (January 1980). "Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy".

2680: 6877: 1945:

Parks AL, Fang MC (July 2017). "Scoring Systems for Estimating the Risk of Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding".

1129: 888: 869: 72: 3942:"A systematic review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of herbal medicine with warfarin" 1556: 872:

that can be purified from human plasma or produced recombinantly (for example, Atryn, produced in the milk of

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III (AT), causing a conformational change that results in its activation. The activated AT then inactivates

236: 5191:"The Reversal of Bleeding Caused by New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4602:

Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Aita A, Bartolini C, Reboldi G (April 2016). "Why switch from warfarin to NOACs?".

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Harder S, Thürmann P (June 1996). "Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Anticoagulants: An Update".

8857: 8412: 8167: 7121: 7045: 5139:"Laboratory testing in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants: a practical guide for clinicians" 577: 290: 175: 8097: 8033: 7878: 7649: 3451:

Raj K, Collins B, Rangarajan S (September 2001). "Purple toe syndrome following anticoagulant therapy".

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Cohen AT, Hamilton M, Mitchell SA, Phatak H, Liu X, Bird A, et al. (2015-12-30). ten Cate H (ed.).

1213: 1038: 988: 929: 266: 5189:

Udayachalerm S, Rattanasiri S, Angkananard T, Attia J, Sansanayudh N, Thakkinstian A (September 2018).

1600:"The role of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as in vitro anticoagulant for diagnostic purposes" 1051:, which can throw off blood sugar measurements. Citrate/fluoride/EDTA tubes work better in this regard. 6232:"Dabigatran etixilate and traumatic brain injury: Evolving anticoagulants require evolving care plans" 8852: 8172: 8152: 8021: 7711: 7290: 7245: 5925:"Management of Dental Patients Taking Anticoagulants or Antiplatelet Drugs: Dental Clinical Guidance" 3953: 1508: 1117: 836: 565: 547: 482: 241: 3825:

Wittkowsky AK (September 2001). "Drug interactions update: drugs, herbs, and oral anticoagulation".

8781: 8517: 8303: 8082: 7909: 7101: 6674: 1319:"Chemical and mechanical alternatives to leech therapy: a systematic review and critical appraisal" 873: 840: 756: 573: 226: 163: 151: 139: 8821: 8815: 8680: 8539: 7993: 7392: 6842: 6785: 6627: 6575: 6390:

Connolly SJ, Milling TJ, Eikelboom JW, Gibson CM, Curnutte JT, Gold A, et al. (2016-09-22).

6323: 6212: 6160: 5733: 5690: 5492: 5449: 5168: 5119: 4729: 4686: 4635: 4379: 4328: 4218: 4142: 4091: 4040: 3850: 3476: 3433: 3341: 3114: 3016: 2596: 2478: 2388: 2339: 2295: 2252: 1970: 1924: 1630: 1398: 1359: 1343: 1034: 1008: 996: 941: 569: 449:. Multivitamins that do not interact with clotting are available for patients on anticoagulants. 271: 108: 6479:

Ansell JE, Bakhru SH, Laulicht BE, Steiner SS, Grosso MA, Brown K, et al. (February 2017).

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Douxfils J, Ageno W, Samama CM, Lessire S, Ten Cate H, Verhamme P, et al. (February 2018).

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Di Nisio M, van Es N, Büller HR (December 2016). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism".

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Assessment of the likely risk of bleeding associated with the required dental procedure

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provide the patient with written post-treatment advice and emergency contact details

282:

Cardiopulmonary bypass (or any other surgeries requiring temporary aortic occlusion)

8695: 8614: 8350: 8308: 8142: 8132: 8048: 8043: 7725: 7695: 7673: 7668: 7641: 7590: 7569: 7419: 7358: 7314: 7191: 7134: 7073: 7068: 7049: 6947: 6916: 6216: 6047: 6009:"Antithrombin (Recombinant) US Package Insert ATryn for Injection February 3, 2009" 5737: 3154: 3020: 2767: 2635: 2482: 2005: 1974: 1453: 1261: 1121: 964: 828: 741: 690: 656: 632: 465: 350: 302: 230: 198: 60: 8253: 6579: 4955:

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is an anticoagulant protease from the salivary glands of the giant Amazon leech,

8579: 8489: 8229: 8182: 8127: 8010: 7976: 7595: 7523: 7492: 7424: 7325: 7319: 7309: 7212: 7006: 6996: 5326:"Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use: A Practical Guide to Common Clinical Challenges" 3421: 2865: 2199: 1286: 1247:

is in Phase II clinical trials for the prevention of an embolism after surgery.

1193: 1189: 1156: 992: 892: 816: 762: 717: 696: 678: 608: 600: 593: 523: 414: 346: 187: 167: 124: 112: 6448: 5851: 5721: 5527: 5244:. Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme. August 2015. Archived from 4528: 4512:"Old and new oral anticoagulants: Food, herbal medicines and drug interactions" 4511: 3882: 3673: 3656: 2584: 2424: 2407: 1787: 1754: 8757: 8728: 8686: 8655: 8650: 8589: 8584: 8574: 8512: 8498: 8438: 8393: 8341: 8261: 8257: 8198: 8158: 8113: 8109: 7999: 7935: 7885: 7850: 7846: 7700: 7617: 7600: 7585: 7564: 7549: 7544: 7487: 7472: 7446: 7436: 7431: 7285: 7254: 7186: 7166: 7144: 7033: 7017: 7013: 6962: 6392:"Andexanet Alfa for Acute Major Bleeding Associated with Factor Xa Inhibitors" 5769: 5056: 4817: 4764: 4717: 4615: 4273: 3838: 2509: 2283: 1912: 1394: 1233: 1201: 1172: 1146: 1048: 918: 899: 852: 824: 820: 774: 729: 713: 660: 619:

Heparin is the most widely used intravenous clinical anticoagulant worldwide.

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is given concomitantly. These anticoagulants are used to treat patients with

8665: 8645: 8619: 8594: 8529: 8507: 8335: 8248: 8122: 7688: 7683: 7663: 7658: 7605: 7559: 7533: 7528: 7477: 7335: 7258: 7222: 7196: 7161: 7149: 7111: 7106: 7096: 7058: 7028: 7023: 7001: 6967: 6942: 6248: 6086: 5341: 4476: 3655:

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brand blood collecting tubes containing heparin usually have a green cap.

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activity. It is the amount of inhibitor that will inactivate half of a

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However, some foods and supplements encourage clotting. These include

441:

bark. Many herbal supplements have blood-thinning properties, such as

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to prevent blood or plasma clotting in or on medical devices. In

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intestines and bovine lungs. UFH binds to the enzyme inhibitor

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5840:

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There are two main parts to the assessment of bleeding risk:

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formation of fibrin and stable aggregated platelet products.

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Ha YR, Oh SR, Seo ES, Kim BH, Lee DK, Lee SJ (April 2014).

1019:

ions, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them.

807:. Current members of this class include the bivalent drugs 1704:"Warfarin: almost 60 years old and still causing problems" 1243:

As of November 2021, the direct factor XIa inhibitor

1100:

Assessment of the patient's individual-level bleeding risk

4749:"Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: NOAC's the word" 6805:"Milvexian for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism" 3940:

Choi S, Oh DS, Jerng UM (2017-08-10). Borrelli F (ed.).

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found in many plants. A prominent member of this class,

5710:

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Coagulation cascade and major classes of anticoagulants

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3542:

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Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology

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One of the first anticoagulants, 4395: 4393: 1441:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 552:These oral anticoagulants are derived from 205:Common anticoagulants include warfarin and 7824: 7810: 7802: 7343: 7241: 6930: 6892: 6878: 6870: 5469:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 5388:. British Heart Foundation. Archived from 5195:Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 4262:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 3699:Baroletti SA, Goldhaber SZ (August 2006). 3503:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2227:Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 1606:Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 607:are used as mammalicides (particularly as 38: 6828: 6771: 6553: 6512: 6423: 6358: 6265: 6247: 6102: 5900: 5890: 5778: 5768: 5535: 5427: 5357: 5297: 5214: 5154: 5064: 5015: 4833: 4772: 4578: 4537: 4527: 4484: 3983: 3965: 3801: 3716: 3672: 3561: 3384: 3222: 3170: 3100: 3059: 3002: 2925: 2873: 2854:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2824: 2805:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2775: 2726: 2464: 2423: 2374: 2238: 2162: 2152: 2111: 1844: 1825:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 1729: 1675: 1530: 1520: 1469: 1410: 1056:Dental considerations for long-term users 4990:Seo Y, Andaya A, Leary JA (March 2012). 2615:"HAS-BLED Score for Major Bleeding risk" 1821:"Anticoagulation drug therapy: a review" 1709:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1648:Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE (May 2015). 289:In these cases, anticoagulation therapy 4417:, American Physical Therapy Association 3143:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2801:"Emergency Reversal of Anticoagulation" 2756:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1870:"Race Is on for the Next Blood Thinner" 1278: 8811:Pharmacological classification systems 8178:Selective estrogen receptor modulators 5988:"Fractionated Plasma Products - ATryn" 3827:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2272:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 1324:Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 1111:A patient who is on anticoagulants or 868:The antithrombin protein is used as a 681:parameter and has fewer side effects. 193:Anticoagulants are closely related to 20: 8458:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 6760:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5319: 5317: 5267: 5265: 5143:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4863:American Journal of Pharmacy Benefits 4401:American Physical Therapy Association 4237:"Warfarin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects" 4187:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 3132: 3130: 3128: 2900:Ageno W, Donadini M (November 2018). 1947:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 831:(Exanta), was denied approval by the 827:. 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RA, Hai O (2020). 1383:The Korean Journal of Parasitology 14: 6712:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.011 6671:Handbook of Hematologic Pathology 6555:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029017 4655:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 3718:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.632653 3004:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653048 2104:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013267 1994:Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences 975:Coagulation inhibitor measurement 864:Antithrombin protein therapeutics 615:Heparin and derivative substances 542:Coumarins (vitamin K antagonists) 8820: 8800: 8799: 7507:Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitors 6935:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 5816:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02184.x 4072:10.2165/00003088-199630060-00002 3622:The American Journal of Medicine 3465:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03107.x 1722:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02806.x 1655:Annals of Translational Medicine 468:, and dark leafy greens such as 244:— can lead to pulmonary embolism 8208:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones 7130:Thromboxane synthase inhibitors 6396:New England Journal of Medicine 6347:New England Journal of Medicine 6236:World Journal of Clinical Cases 5429:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005969 5290:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.348 4604:Internal and Emergency Medicine 2918:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.432 2799:Yee J, Kaide CG (August 2019). 1576:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.05.358 1257:Hypercoagulability in pregnancy 1155:advise the patient to take 1024:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 6048:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.12.003 5804:Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 4882:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 3453:British Journal of Haematology 3155:10.1002/14651858.cd006466.pub6 2768:10.1002/14651858.CD012269.pub2 2006:10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03244-6 1454:10.1002/14651858.CD010222.pub4 847:Relevance to dental treatments 611:) but are not used medically. 293:or growth of dangerous clots. 186:, was initially approved as a 1: 7960:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics 6075:Journal of Clinical Pathology 5559:Dwyer J, Walsh C (May 2013). 4667:10.1080/14656566.2018.1515913 4360:10.1080/17474086.2020.1711731 4317:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30514-1 3919:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00303-8 3661:Archives of Internal Medicine 3599:10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80986-3 3536:Danziger J (September 2008). 3295:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51147-7 2964:10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00257-4 2041:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.059 1837:10.5811/westjem.2014.12.22933 1007:If blood is allowed to clot, 142:, anticoagulants are used in 111:that prevents or reduces the 8671:Wakefulness-promoting agents 7368:Low-molecular-weight heparin 7179:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 7092:Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin 6017:Food and Drug Administration 5580:"Direct thrombin inhibitors" 4969:10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.023 4444:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.020 4123:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000427 3967:10.1371/journal.pone.0182794 3907:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3634:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90181-3 3102:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.018 2817:10.5811/westjem.2018.5.38235 2328:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.042 2141:Avicenna Journal of Medicine 1522:10.1371/journal.pone.0144856 833:Food and Drug Administration 672:Low molecular weight heparin 5647:AstraZeneca Clinical Trials 4806:Deutsches Ärzteblatt Online 4706:Heart, Lung and Circulation 4348:Expert Review of Hematology 3422:10.1592/phco.23.5.674.32200 2866:10.5811/westjem.2011.3.2051 2200:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 1267:Direct factor Xa inhibitors 751:Direct factor Xa inhibitors 522:) and factor Xa inhibitor ( 301:, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES, and 8874: 8321:Intravenous immunoglobulin 6596:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6485:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6292:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6181:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6129:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5852:10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.026 5722:10.1016/j.ijom.2018.03.016 5272:Clark NP (November 2018). 4529:10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.001 3883:10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.002 3674:10.1001/archinte.166.2.241 3318:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2585:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.026 2425:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.061 1788:"Antiplatelet Medications" 796: 793:Direct thrombin inhibitors 785:(TAK-442) from Takeda and 754: 545: 500:direct oral anticoagulants 123:. Some occur naturally in 8795: 7762: 7340:(with some II inhibition) 6455:, StatPearls Publishing, 5879:Frontiers in Pharmacology 5770:10.1186/s12903-016-0170-7 5057:10.1007/s00134-016-4225-7 4818:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0287 4765:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0523 4718:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.010 4616:10.1007/s11739-016-1411-0 4060:Clinical Pharmacokinetics 4009:Annals of Pharmacotherapy 3587:The Journal of Pediatrics 2510:10.1016/j.bpa.2016.07.002 2284:10.1007/s11239-016-1428-2 1913:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.010 1901:Clinics in Chest Medicine 1794:. StatPearls Publishing. 1761:. StatPearls Publishing. 1395:10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.183 1332:Thieme Medical Publishers 1230:contact activation system 895:, or as drug candidates. 819:and the monovalent drugs 805:direct thrombin inhibitor 799:Direct thrombin inhibitor 649:(by injection), and also 623:is a naturally occurring 508:novel oral anticoagulants 90: 37: 28: 8376:Topoisomerase inhibitors 8060:renin–angiotensin system 8054:Calcium channel blockers 6069:Hanley JP (2004-11-01). 5892:10.3389/fphar.2017.00058 5528:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr334 5207:10.1177/1076029618796339 3377:10.1136/bmj.298.6668.233 3248:Acta Medica Scandinavica 3052:10.1177/1753944717714921 2573:Pharmacological Research 2453:British Medical Bulletin 2240:10.1177/1076029616660762 987:) is a measure of blood 889:research and development 6249:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i8.362 6087:10.1136/jcp.2003.008904 5342:10.1161/JAHA.120.017559 5045:Intensive Care Medicine 4922:Frontiers in Bioscience 4477:10.3138/physio.61.3.133 4412:: an initiative of the 4274:10.1093/ajhp/55.15.1581 3839:10.1023/A:1012742628628 3089:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2952:The Lancet. Haematology 1988:Zhu X (February 2017). 1875:The Wall Street Journal 1088:Assessing bleeding risk 958:recombinant factor VIIa 578:prosthetic heart valves 263:Mechanical heart valves 237:Coronary artery disease 8168:Hormonal contraception 8098:Bile acid sequestrants 7879:Proton-pump inhibitors 7842:gastrointestinal tract 7650:Plasminogen activators 7122:Thromboxane inhibitors 7046:Prostaglandin analogue 6669:Schumacher HR (2000). 6141:10.1055/s-0038-1655992 5516:European Heart Journal 5386:Heart Matters Magazine 5382:"Novel anticoagulants" 5201:(9_suppl): 117S–126S. 4199:10.1055/s-0036-1581105 3749:(6 Suppl): 340S–380S. 3330:10.1055/s-0038-1657378 3283:The Journal of Urology 3209:(2 Suppl): e44S–e88S. 2376:10.1002/clc.4960190506 1959:10.1055/s-0037-1598061 1340:10.1055/s-0031-1284233 1122:orthodontic appliances 1106:Managing bleeding risk 291:prevents the formation 103:, commonly known as a 7712:serine endopeptidases 7246:Vitamin K antagonists 6821:10.1056/NEJMoa2113194 6700:Clinical Biochemistry 6408:10.1056/NEJMoa1607887 6360:10.1056/NEJMoa1510991 5963:"Thrombate III label" 5100:Case Medical Research 4957:Carbohydrate Research 4788:serious side effects. 4403:(15 September 2014), 3755:10.1378/chest.08-0677 3215:10.1378/chest.11-2292 2636:"ATRIA Bleeding Risk" 2154:10.4103/ajm.AJM_73_19 1619:10.1515/CCLM.2007.110 1563:Clinical Therapeutics 1214:myocardial infarction 1039:acid-citrate-dextrose 989:coagulation inhibitor 967:(for dabigatran) and 930:Haementeria ghilianii 580:. Other examples are 576:(AF), and mechanical 546:Further information: 267:Myocardial infarction 8777:Radiopharmaceuticals 8565:Antiparkinson agents 7459:Direct Xa inhibitors 7291:Ethyl biscoumacetate 7157:Receptor antagonists 6608:10.1160/TH12-03-0179 6497:10.1160/TH16-03-0224 6304:10.1160/TH09-11-0758 6230:Pakraftar S (2014). 6193:10.1160/TH16-04-0266 5625:Ask Dr. Stephan Moll 5599:10.1056/NEJMra044440 5108:10.31525/cmr-1321569 4996:Analytical Chemistry 4465:Physiotherapy Canada 4311:(10063): 3060–3073. 3554:10.2215/CJN.00770208 2541:10.1007/164_2016_126 1570:(7): 1456–1478.e36. 1118:root canal treatment 874:genetically modified 837:dabigatran etexilate 566:deep-vein thrombosis 548:Vitamin K antagonist 506:), previously named 483:deep-vein thrombosis 242:Deep vein thrombosis 229:— commonly forms an 148:thrombotic disorders 8560:Antimigraine agents 8550:Antidementia agents 8453:Anti-inflammatories 8143:Medicated dressings 8083:Antihyperlipidemics 7910:Diabetes medication 7102:Carbasalate calcium 6736:. 15 September 2015 6675:Informa Health Care 6071:"Warfarin reversal" 6036:Thrombosis Research 3958:2017PLoSO..1282794C 2707:Clinical Cardiology 2363:Clinical Cardiology 1513:2015PLoSO..1044856C 917:functions (cleaves 870:protein therapeutic 841:atrial fibrillation 757:Direct Xa inhibitor 574:atrial fibrillation 227:Atrial fibrillation 176:heart–lung machines 8413:Immunosuppressants 8283:Antimycobacterials 8239:Antithyroid agents 8223:Mineralocorticoids 8027:Cardiac stimulants 8017:Cardiac glycosides 8009:cardiac therapy / 7905:Anti-obesity drugs 7789:Never to phase III 7637:Thrombolytic drugs 7353:glycosaminoglycans 6926:Antiplatelet drugs 6913:antiplatelet drugs 5481:10.2146/ajhp170785 3794:10.1002/rth2.12145 3515:10.2146/ajhp040357 2466:10.1093/bmb/ldx018 1149:has been confirmed 1066:Detecting overdose 997:Bethesda, Maryland 942:Alcoholic beverage 570:pulmonary embolism 272:Pulmonary embolism 220:cerebral aneurysms 195:antiplatelet drugs 162:form, and various 109:chemical substance 8835: 8834: 8738:Ophthalmologicals 8448:Anabolic steroids 8351:Anticancer agents 8314:Ectoparasiticides 8034:Antihypertensives 7982:Antifibrinolytics 7799: 7798: 7631: 7630: 7501: 7500: 7231: 7230: 6815:(23): 2161–2172. 6773:10.1111/jth.15126 6684:978-0-8247-0170-3 6548:(14): 1573–1579. 6402:(12): 1131–1141. 6353:(25): 2413–2424. 6081:(11): 1132–1139. 5679:10.1111/odi.13086 5475:(15): 1095–1102. 5156:10.1111/jth.13912 5008:10.1021/ac203190k 4894:10.1021/jm030176m 4661:(14): 1597–1602. 4268:(15): 1581–1583. 4021:10.1345/aph.1D102 4015:(11): 1603–1606. 3095:(10): 1503–1519. 2719:10.1002/clc.22435 2550:978-3-319-59658-7 1702:(November 2006). 625:glycosaminoglycan 172:blood transfusion 127:animals, such as 119:, prolonging the 97: 96: 50:Class identifiers 8865: 8824: 8803: 8802: 8787:Senotherapeutics 8641:Neuroprotectives 8636:Mood stabilizers 8535:Anti-ADHD agents 8475:Muscle relaxants 8408:Immunostimulants 8403:Immunomodulators 8235:Thyroid hormones 8173:Fertility agents 8076:Renin inhibitors 7967:Antihemorrhagics 7934:forming organs ( 7920:Dietary minerals 7826: 7819: 7812: 7803: 7611:Drotrecogin alfa 7591:Antithrombin III 7442:Dermatan sulfate 7415:Oligosaccharides 7344: 7242: 6978:ADP receptor/P2Y 6931: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6871: 6851: 6850: 6832: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6775: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6706:(7–8): 683–685. 6695: 6689: 6688: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6557: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6516: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6449:"Andexanet Alfa" 6444: 6438: 6437: 6427: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6362: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6298:(6): 1116–1127. 6286: 6280: 6279: 6269: 6251: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6106: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6031: 6022: 6021: 6013: 6005: 5996: 5995: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5968:. Archived from 5967: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5940: 5934:. Archived from 5929: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5904: 5894: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5782: 5772: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5649:. Archived from 5639: 5633: 5632: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5584: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5431: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5361: 5321: 5312: 5311: 5301: 5269: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5218: 5186: 5177: 5176: 5158: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5095: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5068: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5019: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4917: 4906: 4905: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4776: 4759:(31–32): 523–4. 4744: 4738: 4737: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4582: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4541: 4531: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4488: 4455: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3987: 3969: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3913:(2–3): 259–264. 3901: 3895: 3894: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3805: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3720: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3676: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3565: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3500: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3388: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3226: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3174: 3149:(12): CD006466. 3134: 3123: 3122: 3104: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3063: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3006: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2929: 2897: 2888: 2887: 2877: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2828: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2730: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2667: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2622: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2468: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2427: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2378: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2242: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2166: 2156: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2115: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2063:"Blood Thinners" 2059: 2053: 2052: 2035:(9): 1612–1617. 2024: 2018: 2017: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1848: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1733: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1679: 1662:(Suppl 1): S11. 1645: 1639: 1638: 1602: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1559: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1534: 1524: 1507:(12): e0144856. 1490: 1484: 1483: 1473: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1414: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1321: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1283: 702:Idrabiotaparinux 343:food supplements 231:atrial appendage 81: 42: 21: 8873: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8863: 8862: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8831: 8827:Medicine portal 8791: 8747: 8719: 8714: 8706:Cough medicines 8701:Bronchodilators 8682: 8675: 8555:Antidepressants 8545:Anticonvulsants 8493: 8484: 8480:Bisphosphonates 8470:Corticosteroids 8432: 8419: 8391: 8382: 8366:Spindle poisons 8356:Antimetabolites 8339: 8330: 8252: 8243: 8218:Glucocorticoids 8213:Corticosteroids 8194: 8187: 8154: 8147: 8104: 8022:Antiarrhythmics 7995: 7988: 7945:Antithrombotics 7933: 7924: 7900:Antipropulsives 7896:Antidiarrhoeals 7873: 7844: 7836: 7830: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7779:Clinical trials 7758: 7730: 7640: 7627: 7574: 7497: 7453: 7356: 7351: 7339: 7330: 7306:1,3-Indandiones 7248: 7227: 7201: 7173: 7116: 7078: 7040: 6992:Thienopyridines 6981: 6972: 6920: 6901:Antithrombotics 6898: 6860: 6855: 6854: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6739: 6737: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6685: 6677:. p. 583. 6668: 6667: 6663: 6654: 6652: 6646:"Bethesda unit" 6644: 6643: 6639: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6465: 6463: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6187:(11): 879–890. 6177: 6176: 6172: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6033: 6032: 6025: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5757:BMC Oral Health 5750: 5749: 5745: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5673:(S1): 157–173. 5663: 5662: 5658: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5631:on 25 May 2011. 5619: 5618: 5614: 5593:(10): 1028–40. 5582: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5522:(20): 2541–54. 5509: 5508: 5504: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5336:(13): e017559. 5323: 5322: 5315: 5271: 5270: 5263: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5038: 5037: 5033: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4919: 4918: 4909: 4888:(13): 2551–64. 4879: 4878: 4874: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4812:(17): 287–294. 4799: 4798: 4794: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4458: 4429: 4420: 4418: 4414:ABIM Foundation 4410:Choosing Wisely 4399: 4398: 4391: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3952:(8): e0182794. 3939: 3938: 3934: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3509:(15): 1574–81. 3498: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3410:Pharmacotherapy 3407: 3406: 3402: 3371:(6668): 233–4. 3358: 3357: 3353: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3136: 3135: 3126: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3033: 3032: 3028: 2997:(21): 2689–96. 2984: 2983: 2979: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2762:(7): CD012269. 2749: 2748: 2744: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2641: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2618: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2551: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2071: 2069: 2067:medlineplus.gov 2061: 2060: 2056: 2026: 2025: 2021: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1881: 1879: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1448:(2): CD010222. 1433: 1432: 1428: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1253: 1226: 1206:thromboembolism 1108: 1090: 1068: 1058: 1005: 977: 953: 951:Reversal agents 947: 885: 866: 849: 801: 795: 759: 753: 710: 687: 669: 617: 550: 544: 496: 427:St. John's wort 339: 315: 313:Adverse effects 258:Factor V Leiden 254:Hypercoagulable 215: 77: 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8871: 8869: 8861: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8848:Anticoagulants 8840: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8772:Contrast media 8769: 8763: 8761: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8734: 8732: 8725:sensory organs 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8692: 8690: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8570:Antipsychotics 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8540:Antiaddictives 8537: 8532: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8520: 8510: 8504: 8502: 8495:nervous system 8486: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8465:Antirheumatics 8462: 8461: 8460: 8450: 8444: 8442: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8399: 8397: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8371:Antineoplastic 8368: 8363: 8358: 8347: 8345: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8304:Antiprotozoals 8299:Antiparasitics 8296: 8291: 8286: 8279:Antibacterials 8275:Antimicrobials 8271: 8269: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8232: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8210: 8204: 8202: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8164: 8162: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8138:Antipsoriatics 8135: 8130: 8125: 8119: 8117: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8066:ACE inhibitors 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8005: 8003: 7994:cardiovascular 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7955:Anticoagulants 7952: 7941: 7939: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7856: 7854: 7838: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7787: 7776: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7740: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7646: 7644: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7511: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7364: 7362: 7341: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7239: 7237:Anticoagulants 7233: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7183: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7126: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7084:COX inhibitors 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7055: 7053: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6988: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6909:anticoagulants 6899: 6897: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6858:External links 6856: 6853: 6852: 6795: 6746: 6725: 6690: 6683: 6661: 6650:Biology Online 6637: 6602:(8): 217–224. 6585: 6528: 6491:(2): 238–245. 6471: 6439: 6382: 6333: 6281: 6222: 6170: 6135:(3): 477–480. 6118: 6061: 6023: 5997: 5978: 5975:on 2012-11-15. 5951: 5916: 5865: 5829: 5794: 5743: 5716:(7): 923–932. 5700: 5656: 5653:on 2006-03-18. 5634: 5612: 5570: 5567:on 2014-07-19. 5551: 5502: 5459: 5422:(3): e005969. 5402: 5373: 5313: 5284:(1): 348–352. 5261: 5230: 5178: 5149:(2): 209–219. 5129: 5102:. 2019-07-16. 5090: 5080: 5051:(4): 505–520. 5031: 5002:(5): 2416–23. 4982: 4947: 4928:(7): 1372–92. 4907: 4872: 4849: 4792: 4739: 4712:(4): e40–e42. 4696: 4645: 4610:(3): 289–293. 4594: 4553: 4522:(4): 193–203. 4502: 4500: 4499: 4456: 4426:, which cites 4389: 4354:(2): 155–173. 4338: 4295: 4252: 4228: 4193:(6): 671–681. 4176: 4152: 4117:(3): 242–245. 4101: 4066:(6): 416–444. 4050: 3999: 3932: 3896: 3877:(1): 242–249. 3860: 3817: 3788:(4): 678–683. 3768: 3732: 3688: 3647: 3612: 3577: 3548:(5): 1504–10. 3528: 3486: 3443: 3400: 3351: 3308: 3273: 3238: 3186: 3124: 3075: 3046:(9): 243–256. 3026: 2977: 2941: 2912:(1): 432–438. 2889: 2840: 2811:(5): 770–783. 2791: 2742: 2693: 2681:"CHA2DS2-VASc" 2672: 2648: 2627: 2606: 2563: 2549: 2523: 2488: 2439: 2398: 2349: 2305: 2262: 2233:(4): 301–318. 2213: 2194:(2): 315–352. 2178: 2147:(4): 123–128. 2127: 2098:(3): 194–204. 2078: 2054: 2019: 1980: 1953:(5): 514–524. 1934: 1907:(3): 583–593. 1891: 1860: 1811: 1778: 1745: 1691: 1640: 1589: 1546: 1485: 1426: 1369: 1308: 1297:. 26 July 2021 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1225: 1222: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1153: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1086: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1042: 1035:sodium citrate 1027: 1004: 1003:Laboratory use 1001: 976: 973: 969:andexanet alfa 952: 949: 945: 944: 939: 934: 922: 884: 881: 865: 862: 848: 845: 797:Main article: 794: 791: 761:Drugs such as 755:Main article: 752: 749: 709: 706: 705: 704: 699: 694: 686: 683: 668: 665: 616: 613: 599:The coumarins 543: 540: 495: 492: 395:horse chestnut 338: 335: 314: 311: 287: 286: 283: 280: 274: 269: 264: 261: 256:states (e.g., 251: 245: 239: 234: 214: 211: 166:anticoagulant 138:As a class of 95: 94: 88: 87: 83: 82: 75: 69: 68: 67:External links 64: 63: 58: 52: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 16:Class of drugs 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8870: 8859: 8858:Medical signs 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8828: 8823: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8750: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8696:Decongestants 8694: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8628: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8615:Dissociatives 8613: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8605:Hallucinogens 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8353: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8309:Anthelmintics 8307: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153:genitourinary 8150: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8133:Antipruritics 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8049:Beta blockers 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7991: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7950:Antiplatelets 7948: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7848: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7827: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7813: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7736:Non-medicinal 7733: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7707: 7706:Streptokinase 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7642:fibrinolytics 7638: 7634: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7354: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7296:Phenprocoumon 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7281:Coumatetralyl 7279: 7277: 7276:Acenocoumarol 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7204: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6975: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6905:thrombolytics 6902: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6883: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6796: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6747: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6691: 6686: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6662: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6589: 6586: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6475: 6472: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6443: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6337: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6285: 6282: 6277: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6223: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6122: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5979: 5971: 5964: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5941:on 2017-03-28 5937: 5933: 5926: 5920: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5846:(6): 709–16. 5845: 5841: 5833: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5810:(8): 615–33. 5809: 5805: 5798: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5667:Oral Diseases 5660: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5403: 5392:on 2017-10-26 5391: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5251:on 2017-03-28 5247: 5240: 5234: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5091: 5084: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4951: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4598: 4595: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4516:Blood Reviews 4513: 4506: 4503: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4471:(3): 133–40. 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4253: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4177: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4003: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3711:(8): e355-6. 3710: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3628:(1): 122–40. 3627: 3623: 3616: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3593:(3): 459–62. 3592: 3588: 3581: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254:(6): 453–67. 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2958:(1): e12-21. 2957: 2953: 2945: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2860:(4): 386–92. 2859: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2746: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2713:(9): 555–61. 2712: 2708: 2704: 2697: 2694: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533:Heart Failure 2527: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2504:(3): 359–70. 2503: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2418:(8): 976–90. 2417: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2369:(5): 357–65. 2368: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082: 2079: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1878:. p. A12 1877: 1876: 1871: 1864: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1716:(5): 509–11. 1715: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1613:(5): 565–76. 1612: 1608: 1607: 1601: 1593: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1550: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1489: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1312: 1309: 1296: 1292: 1291:Health A to Z 1288: 1282: 1279: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1062: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1002: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 981:Bethesda unit 974: 972: 970: 966: 961: 959: 950: 948: 943: 940: 938: 935: 932: 931: 926: 923: 920: 916: 912: 909: 905: 901: 898: 897: 896: 894: 890: 882: 880: 877: 875: 871: 863: 861: 857: 854: 846: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 800: 792: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 758: 750: 748: 745: 743: 737: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 707: 703: 700: 698: 695: 692: 689: 688: 684: 682: 680: 677: 673: 666: 664: 662: 658: 654: 653: 648: 647: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 614: 612: 610: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 586:phenprocoumon 583: 582:acenocoumarol 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 549: 541: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 493: 491: 488: 484: 479: 477: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 336: 334: 330: 328: 323: 319: 312: 310: 306: 304: 300: 294: 292: 285:Heart failure 284: 281: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 262: 259: 255: 252: 250: 246: 243: 240: 238: 235: 232: 228: 225: 224: 223: 221: 212: 210: 208: 203: 200: 196: 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 134: 130: 126: 122: 121:clotting time 118: 114: 110: 106: 105:blood thinner 102: 101:anticoagulant 93: 89: 84: 80: 76: 74: 70: 65: 62: 59: 57: 53: 48: 41: 36: 33: 32: 27: 24:Anticoagulant 22: 19: 8610:Psychedelics 8580:Aphrodisiacs 8254:infestations 8230:Sex hormones 8183:Sex hormones 8128:Cicatrizants 8058: 8044:Vasodilators 8011:antianginals 8008: 7954: 7860:stomach acid 7859: 7735: 7726:Fibrinolysin 7696:Anistreplase 7674:Desmoteplase 7669:Tenecteplase 7570:Ximelagatran 7420:Fondaparinux 7359:antithrombin 7315:Diphenadione 7236: 7192:Dipyridamole 7135:Dipyridamole 7074:Treprostinil 7069:Prostacyclin 6948:Eptifibatide 6908: 6812: 6808: 6798: 6766:(1): 20–29. 6763: 6759: 6749: 6738:. Retrieved 6728: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6670: 6664: 6653:. Retrieved 6649: 6640: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6545: 6541: 6531: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6464:, retrieved 6452: 6442: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6242:(8): 362–6. 6239: 6235: 6225: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6039: 6035: 6015: 5991: 5981: 5970:the original 5943:. Retrieved 5936:the original 5931: 5919: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5760: 5756: 5746: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5651:the original 5646: 5637: 5629:the original 5624: 5615: 5590: 5586: 5573: 5565:the original 5554: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5394:. Retrieved 5390:the original 5385: 5376: 5333: 5329: 5281: 5277: 5253:. Retrieved 5246:the original 5233: 5198: 5194: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5099: 5093: 5083: 5048: 5044: 5034: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4934:10.2741/4462 4925: 4921: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4869:(3): 97–102. 4866: 4862: 4852: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4786: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4573:(4): 57–72. 4570: 4566: 4556: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4468: 4464: 4438:(1): 37–41. 4435: 4431: 4421:15 September 4419:, retrieved 4408: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4244:. Retrieved 4240: 4231: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4168:. Retrieved 4164: 4155: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3833:(1): 67–71. 3830: 3826: 3820: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3708: 3704: 3667:(2): 241–6. 3664: 3660: 3650: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3506: 3502: 3489: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3416:(5): 674–7. 3413: 3409: 3403: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3289:(2): 352–4. 3286: 3282: 3276: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3206: 3202: 3146: 3142: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3043: 3039: 3029: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2909: 2905: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2808: 2804: 2794: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2685:. Retrieved 2675: 2664:. Retrieved 2660: 2651: 2640:. Retrieved 2630: 2619:. Retrieved 2609: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2532: 2526: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2459:(1): 79–89. 2456: 2452: 2442: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2278:(1): 24–30. 2275: 2271: 2265: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2144: 2140: 2130: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2070:. Retrieved 2066: 2057: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2000:(1): 53–63. 1997: 1993: 1983: 1950: 1946: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1886: 1880:. Retrieved 1873: 1863: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1803:. Retrieved 1791: 1781: 1770:. Retrieved 1758: 1748: 1713: 1707: 1700:Pirmohamed M 1694: 1659: 1653: 1643: 1610: 1604: 1592: 1567: 1561: 1549: 1504: 1498: 1488: 1445: 1439: 1429: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1327: 1323: 1311: 1299:. Retrieved 1290: 1281: 1262:CHADS2 score 1242: 1227: 1218: 1187: 1130:root planing 1126: 1113:antiplatelet 1110: 1105: 1103: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1006: 984: 980: 978: 965:idarucizumab 962: 954: 946: 928: 886: 878: 867: 858: 850: 829:ximelagatran 802: 760: 746: 742:idarucizumab 738: 734: 711: 691:Fondaparinux 670: 657:venipuncture 650: 644: 633:antithrombin 618: 609:rodenticides 598: 551: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 497: 480: 474: 466:coenzyme Q10 451: 351:lumbrokinase 340: 337:Interactions 331: 324: 320: 316: 307: 303:CHA2DS2-VASc 295: 288: 216: 213:Medical uses 204: 199:thrombolytic 192: 168:dosage forms 137: 125:blood-eating 104: 100: 98: 86:Legal status 79:D00534-class 29: 18: 8853:Blood tests 8743:Otologicals 8715:antagonists 8681:respiratory 8656:Orexigenics 8651:Neurotoxins 8600:Euphoriants 8590:Entactogens 8585:Depressants 8575:Anxiolytics 8513:Anesthetics 8289:Antifungals 7886:Antiemetics 7874:antagonists 7775:from market 7596:Defibrotide 7524:Bivalirudin 7493:Rivaroxaban 7432:Heparinoids 7425:Idraparinux 7326:Tioclomarol 7320:Phenindione 7310:Clorindione 7213:Cloricromen 7007:Ticlopidine 6997:Clopidogrel 6542:Circulation 5992:www.fda.gov 5088:PMC7213950. 4539:2434/476466 3705:Circulation 2991:Circulation 2579:: 206–218. 2092:Circulation 1831:(1): 11–7. 1234:factor XIIa 1194:ticlopidine 1190:clopidogrel 1157:paracetamol 1041:, and more. 893:diagnostics 817:bivalirudin 763:rivaroxaban 718:rivaroxaban 708:Direct oral 697:Idraparinux 679:coagulation 601:brodifacoum 594:phenindione 524:rivaroxaban 415:pomegranate 367:cranberries 347:nattokinase 279:from stents 188:rodenticide 164:intravenous 140:medications 113:coagulation 92:In Wikidata 8842:Categories 8666:Stimulants 8646:Nootropics 8620:Deliriants 8595:Entheogens 8530:Anorectics 8508:Analgesics 8361:Alkylating 8294:Antivirals 8249:infections 8123:Emollients 7977:Coagulants 7847:metabolism 7701:Monteplase 7618:Ramatroban 7601:Nafamostat 7586:Abelacimab 7565:Melagatran 7550:Dabigatran 7545:Argatroban 7488:Otamixaban 7473:Betrixaban 7461:("xabans") 7447:Sulodexide 7437:Danaparoid 7408:Tinzaparin 7398:Parnaparin 7393:Nadroparin 7388:Enoxaparin 7383:Dalteparin 7378:Certoparin 7338:inhibitors 7286:Dicoumarol 7187:Cilostazol 7167:Terutroban 7145:Picotamide 7034:Ticagrelor 7018:nucleoside 7014:Nucleotide 6984:inhibitors 6963:Sibrafiban 6740:2020-02-20 6655:2009-02-14 6466:2020-01-23 6453:StatPearls 5945:2020-01-09 5396:2016-03-09 5255:2016-03-09 4305:The Lancet 4246:2020-01-23 4170:2020-01-23 3459:(4): 740. 3324:(3): 251. 2687:2014-08-15 2666:2020-01-23 2642:2014-08-15 2621:2014-08-15 2072:2020-01-23 1882:2008-01-06 1805:2020-01-23 1792:StatPearls 1772:2020-01-23 1759:StatPearls 1755:"Warfarin" 1273:References 1238:factor XIa 1202:ticagrelor 1173:diclofenac 1147:hemostasis 1049:glycolysis 1009:laboratory 919:fibrinogen 900:Batroxobin 853:hemostatic 825:dabigatran 821:argatroban 787:eribaxaban 775:betrixaban 730:betrixaban 714:dabigatran 661:Vacutainer 605:difenacoum 590:atromentin 568:(DVT) and 532:betrixaban 520:dabigatran 476:Grapefruit 462:cat's claw 435:wheatgrass 419:red clover 341:Foods and 277:Restenosis 133:mosquitoes 31:Drug class 8816:ATC codes 8782:Dressings 8767:Antidotes 8631:Sedatives 8627:Hypnotics 8336:malignant 8193:endocrine 8039:Diuretics 7972:Platelets 7932:and blood 7891:Laxatives 7785:Phase III 7773:Withdrawn 7689:Urokinase 7684:Saruplase 7664:Reteplase 7659:Alteplase 7606:Protein C 7560:Inogatran 7555:Efegatran 7541:Univalent 7534:Lepirudin 7529:Desirudin 7478:Darexaban 7403:Reviparin 7373:Bemiparin 7336:Factor Xa 7272:Coumarins 7249:(inhibit 7223:Vorapaxar 7197:Triflusal 7162:Terbogrel 7150:Terbogrel 7139:+ aspirin 7112:Triflusal 7107:Indobufen 7097:Aloxiprin 7059:Beraprost 7029:Elinogrel 7024:Cangrelor 7002:Prasugrel 6968:Tirofiban 6958:Roxifiban 6953:Orbofiban 6943:Abciximab 6847:244132392 6790:222320654 6616:0340-6245 6564:0009-7322 6505:0340-6245 6416:0028-4793 6369:0028-4793 6312:0340-6245 6258:2307-8960 6201:0340-6245 6149:0340-6245 6095:0021-9746 6042:: 22–31. 5695:169034257 5454:212640015 5438:1941-7705 5350:2047-9980 5124:241319098 5116:2643-4652 4826:1866-0452 4675:1465-6566 4624:1828-0447 4384:210842354 4368:1747-4086 4282:1079-2082 4241:Drugs.com 4207:0094-6176 4131:0957-5235 4080:0312-5963 4029:1060-0280 3976:1932-6203 3163:1465-1858 2322:: 68–73. 1462:1469-493X 1403:2982-6799 1364:260192613 1348:0743-684X 1334:: 481–6. 1245:milvexian 1198:prasugrel 1169:ibuprofen 993:coagulant 937:Vitamin E 813:lepirudin 783:letaxaban 779:darexaban 637:factor Xa 391:green tea 247:Ischemic 8661:Serenics 8326:Vaccines 8093:Fibrates 7915:Vitamins 7865:Antacids 7515:Bivalent 7483:Edoxaban 7468:Apixaban 7301:Warfarin 7218:Ditazole 7064:Iloprost 7020:analogs 6839:34780683 6782:33047462 6720:24463230 6632:28694620 6624:22627883 6572:21900088 6523:27853809 6461:30137783 6434:27573206 6377:26559317 6328:37404563 6320:20352166 6276:25133148 6209:27488143 6165:45458169 6113:15509671 6056:29258056 5911:28228727 5860:24120910 5824:21073495 5789:26822674 5730:29627150 5687:31140701 5621:"Exanta" 5607:16148288 5546:21878434 5497:49418996 5489:29941506 5446:32148102 5368:32538234 5308:30504331 5225:30176738 5173:46865986 5165:29193737 5075:26862016 5026:22283665 4977:25088334 4963:: 60–8. 4942:27100512 4902:12801218 4844:29789105 4783:24069072 4734:44103560 4726:29861320 4691:52099757 4683:30152249 4640:25807727 4632:26972708 4589:30697449 4548:28196633 4495:20514175 4452:18691773 4376:31958251 4333:25712161 4325:27375038 4223:24822900 4215:27232386 4147:33380206 4139:27023878 4096:22389544 4045:43777757 4037:14565795 3994:28797065 3946:PLOS ONE 3927:11535373 3891:26852855 3855:22447084 3847:11711691 3812:30349886 3763:18574270 3727:16923760 3683:16432096 3572:18495950 3523:16030366 3481:20482173 3473:11564060 3438:28632135 3430:12741443 3346:38261767 3268:13171021 3233:22315269 3181:29285754 3119:52922296 3111:30286834 3070:28651452 3013:17515465 2972:26765643 2936:30504343 2884:22224125 2835:31539334 2786:35833913 2737:26418409 2683:. MDCalc 2638:. MDCalc 2617:. 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