1390:
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378:
1273:
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1806:
1191:
975:
1134:
1089:
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56:
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This geological region is important in the history of
Wallonia because this former mountain is at the origin of the economy, the history, and the geography of Wallonia. "Wallonia presents a wide range of rocks of various ages. Some geological stages internationally recognized were defined from rock
900:
The strategic position of the
Ardennes has made it a battleground for European powers for many centuries. Much of the Ardennes formed part of the Duchy (since 1815, the Grand Duchy) of Luxembourg, a member state of the Holy Roman Empire, which changed hands numerous times between the powerful
1047:, and because the French did not suspect that the Germans would make such a risky move, they did not consider a breakthrough there, or considered that it would take at least 15 days for an army to pass through the forest. German forces, primarily under the command of
566:. The low interior of such former mountains often contains coal, plus iron, zinc and other metals in the sub-soil. This geologic fact explains the greatest part of the geography of Wallonia and its history. In the North and West of the Ardennes lie the valleys of the
1019:
believed that the region was impenetrable to massed vehicular traffic and especially armor, so the area was effectively "all but undefended" during the war. The German Army twice used this region to invade northern France and southern
Belgium, via Luxembourg in the
712:
region) and in the French
Ardennes used charcoal for fuel, made from harvesting the Ardennes forest. This industry was also in the extreme south of present-day Luxembourg Province (which until 1839 was part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), in the region called
1238:
In the postwar period, the
Ardennes has become a weekend retreat that is popular among both Belgians and the neighboring countries. The tourist industry is extensive and varied in range of activities and type of accommodations.
1008:(1914) was the second of the Battles of the Frontiers, After the advancing German left wing defeated French forces in Lorraine, France launched another attack just north of Lorraine, advancing temporarily into the Ardennes.
913:, which resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium, the political future of the Ardennes became a matter of much dispute between Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, as well as involving the contemporary
940:
In the 20th century the
Ardennes was widely thought by leading military strategists to be unsuitable for large-scale military operations, due to its difficult terrain and narrow lines of communications. However, in both
949:, Germany successfully gambled on making a rapid passage through the Ardennes to attack a relatively lightly defended part of France. The Ardennes became the site of three major battles during the world wars—the
401:
Much of the
Ardennes is covered in dense forests, with the hills averaging around 350–400 m (1,150–1,310 ft) in height but rising to over 694 m (2,277 ft) in the boggy moors of the
338:(away from the coastal plain but encompassing more than half of the country's total area). The eastern part of the Ardennes forms the northernmost third of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, also called "
1253:
235:
214:
1339:"Garcia-Castellanos, D., S.A.P.L. Cloetingh & R.T. van Balen, 2000. Modeling the middle Pleistocene uplift in the Ardennes-Rhenish Massif: Thermo-mechanical weakening under the Eifel?"
421:
in France, both exceeding 50,000 inhabitants. The
Ardennes is otherwise relatively sparsely populated, with few of the towns exceeding 10,000 inhabitants. (Exceptions include Belgium's
381:
Morphologically connected mountains of
Ardennes and Eifel, framed by the rivers Semois, Meuse, Moselle and Rhine. The highest elevation is the Hohe Acht at 746.9 m above sea level. NHN
1719:
1368:
1506:
752:. The scenic beauty of the region and its wide variety of outdoor activities, including hunting, cycling, walking and canoeing, make it a popular tourist destination.
1880:
1617:
744:; arable and dairy farming in cleared areas form the mainstay of the agricultural economy. The region is rich in timber and minerals, and Liège and the city of
369:. The strategic position of the Ardennes has made it a battleground for European powers for centuries; it was the site of major battles during both World Wars.
1321:
1338:
1900:
1855:
1712:
926:
737:). Wallonia became the second industrial power area of the world (after Great Britain) in proportion to its territory and to its population (see further).
1930:
1870:
1155:
929:. As a result, in 1839, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ceded the westernmost 63% of its territory (being also the main part of the Ardennes) to the new
1860:
1499:
901:
dynasties of Europe. In 1793 revolutionary France annexed the whole area, together with all other territories west of the Rhine river. In 1815, the
998:
1865:
1272:
717:. The most important part of the Walloon steel industry, using coal, was built around the coal mines, mainly in the region around the cities of
1905:
1875:
1705:
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valley but they were eventually thwarted after fierce battles. Their most advanced position was the "nose" of the salient, just in front of
1169:. The German Army, which had been forced to retreat for some time, launched a surprise attack in December 1944 in an attempt to recapture
440:
adjoins the
Ardennes and is part of the same geological formation, although they are conventionally regarded as being two distinct areas.
1372:
1910:
1890:
1492:
1626:
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and the Ardennes. The Ardennes is just at the east of the red shading which marks the extent of the German advance. On 16 May General
1610:
984:(1914) involved a series of collisions between the French and the German armies. The French forces carried out a counteroffensive ("
909:, restored the previous geographical situation, with most of the Ardennes becoming part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. After the
882:
361:
industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the
1885:
1845:
1770:
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of the world. The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in
1920:
1850:
1603:
1915:
1835:
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age of the Devonian (382.7 to 387.7 million years ago), as were several other named ranges of the same greater range.
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and to drive a wedge between the advancing British and American forces in northern France. After a fierce battle the
130:
838:. According to a legend, a magic horse jumped from the top of this rock to the left bank of the river, carrying the
1840:
1687:
418:
409:. The region is typified by steep-sided valleys carved by swift-flowing rivers, the most prominent of which is the
878:, the magic bay horse which, according to legend, jumped from the top of the rock to the other bank of the Meuse.
1830:
1143:
31:
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961:(1944–1945) in World War II. Many of the towns of the region suffered severe damage during the two world wars.
1231:. Areas above 400 metres (1,300 ft) (shown in the darkest shade of brown) form the heart of the Ardennes.
1925:
1302:
463:
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1005:
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862:
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Before the 19th century industrialization, the first furnaces in these four Belgian provinces (all in the
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during the last few hundred thousand years, as measured from the present elevation of old river terraces.
270:
262:
1431:
Gilbert Trausch, Le Luxembourg à l'époque contemporaine, p 15 to 25, publ. Bourg-Bourger, Luxembourg 1981
811:("fair", "blessed"), which tentatively suggests an original meaning of "forest of blessed/fair heights".
1585:
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used the old Roman roads in the Ardennes and attacked the abbeys of Malmedy and Stavelot and destroyed
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to attack France from the north, and rout the French forces. In May 1940 the German army crossed the
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The modern Ardennes region covers a greatly diminished area from the forest recorded in Roman times.
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665:)". Except for the Tournaisian, all these rocks are within the Ardennes geological area.
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282:, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in
1227:
The salient was mainly in the Ardennes, its "nose" being just to the west of it, in the
748:
are both major industrial centres. The extensive forests have an abundant population of
493:
Lieu-dit (= hamlet) Galata, 589 m (1,932 ft), highest point on the Plateau de
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326:) and geologically into the Eifel (the eastern extension of the Ardennes Forest into
1051:, carried out the plan in two days, and managed to slip numerous divisions past the
312:
The Ardennes proper stretches well into Germany and France (lending its name to the
1775:
1165:
At the other end of the war, the Ardennes area came to prominence again during the
1151:
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1016:
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677:(not to be confused with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), the south of
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northwest of the Ardennes, in the week of 21 May (red shading), quickly reaching
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The rugged terrain and the harsh climate of the Ardennes limits the scope for
689:, as well as the northernmost third of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, called "
504:
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1142:(1940) The Wehrmacht advances further, particularly accelerating through the
988:"), attacking the flank of the westwards-advancing German army executing its
145:
132:
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1595:
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Mountain Environments: An Examination of the Physical Geography of Mountains
1212:
1158:). With this, the German armies won the first stage of the Battle of France.
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866:, mentions many of Wallonia's rivers, villages and other places. In
1199:. In 1944, the Germans counterattacked across the Ardennes and the
1067:, the German armoured divisions crossed the river at Dinant and at
1035:
in 1939 and 1940 selected the forest as the primary route of their
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and the Meuse river. They had wanted to move northeast and reach
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The region takes its name from the vast ancient forest known as
456:, Belgium - highest point in the Ardennes, highest point in the
30:
This article is about the region in Europe. For other uses, see
1701:
1599:
1488:
1177:
forces blocked the German advance on the river Meuse at Dinant.
529:
504 m (1,654 ft), on the border of the provinces of
814:
The Ardennes likely shares this derivation with the numerous
503:, 560 m (1,840 ft), highest point in the nation of
37:"Forest of Ardennes" redirects here. Not to be confused with
27:
Low mountain range in Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany and France
1369:"Geological Heritage | Geology and Tourism in Belgium"
1445:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 100–197.
1071:. This was a crucial step in the push towards Paris, and
513:, 559 m (1,834 ft), Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
301:
Geologically, the range is a western extension of the
673:
The Ardennes includes the greatest part of Belgium's
1405:] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Progress.
480:
674 m (2,211 ft), Liège Province, Belgium
174:
169:
161:
124:
73:
68:
48:
905:, which dealt with the political aftermath of the
357:The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the
834:Rock Bayard of Dinant, on the right bank of the
578:) going across the most industrial provinces of
165:11,200 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi)
1324:for the geological period is an outcropping in
330:, Germany); most of it is in the southeast of
1713:
1611:
1500:
8:
1043:. The forest's great size could conceal the
184:
178:
60:Landscape of Frahan inside the bend of the
1720:
1706:
1698:
1618:
1604:
1596:
1507:
1493:
1485:
45:
1299:, an unconnected region in East Flanders
883:pillaging raids in the years 881 and 882
1313:
1249:
554:; in France similar formations are the
1399:Этимологический словарь русского языка
953:(August 1914) in World War I, and the
818:place names in Britain, including the
334:, the southern and more rural part of
1881:Landforms of Nord (French department)
389:Arduenna silva between Maas und Rhein
269:
256:
227:
206:
7:
1403:Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
546:The Ardennes are the remnants of a
519:, 547 m (1,795 ft), near
180:Parc National de Champagne/Ardennes
1901:Mountain ranges of Hauts-de-France
1856:Landforms of Ardennes (department)
701:) and the main part of the French
25:
1931:International mountains of Europe
1871:Landforms of Luxembourg (Belgium)
1371:. 15 October 2014. Archived from
1127:because he had lost the Ardennes.
617:sites located in Wallonia: e.g.,
1804:
1686:
1584:
1472:
1271:
1252:
1220:
1189:
1132:
1123:said he could no longer protect
1087:
1059:, despite the resistance of the
997:
973:
590:(the etymology of Hainaut); the
54:
1861:Landforms of Hainaut (province)
1107:. Armoured divisions cross the
413:. Its most populous cities are
853:A song about Charlemagne, the
497:, Luxembourg Province, Belgium
363:second great industrial region
305:; both were raised during the
1:
1906:Mountain ranges of Luxembourg
1876:Landforms of Namur (province)
1355:10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00058-3
609:The region was uplifted by a
1896:Mountain ranges of Grand Est
1031:The military strategists of
685:, plus a very small part of
466:692 m (2,270 ft),
452:694 m (2,277 ft),
1866:Landforms of Liège Province
1343:Global and Planetary Change
1156:British Expeditionary Force
1097:(1940) The Germans execute
1073:France fell on 25 June 1940
523:, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
507:(Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)
1947:
1911:Natural regions of Belgium
1891:Mountain ranges of Belgium
1546:Pays Hennuyer et Brabançon
1111:(16 May), (principally in
36:
29:
1802:
1736:
1684:
1633:
1627:Mountain ranges of France
1582:
1526:
1263:(Giant's Tomb) along the
1259:Panorama of Botassart or
185:
179:
53:
32:Ardennes (disambiguation)
982:Battles of the Frontiers
772:probably derives from a
602:along the river Sambre;
574:rivers, forming an arc (
405:region of south-eastern
186:Parc National de Furfooz
1397:; Larin, B. O. (eds.).
1303:Jambon sec des Ardennes
1063:. Under the command of
606:along the river Meuse.
397:The Ardennes in Belgium
1441:Frieser, Karl (2005).
1282:in the French Ardennes
1065:General Heinz Guderian
1006:Battle of the Ardennes
951:Battle of the Ardennes
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1886:Landforms of Wallonia
1846:Forests of Luxembourg
1443:The Blitzkrieg Legend
833:
729:, and further in the
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380:
274:), also known as the
1728:Subdivisions of the
1481:at Wikimedia Commons
444:High ranging summits
419:Charleville-Mézières
352:Rhineland-Palatinate
229:[ɑrˈdɛnə(n)]
1921:Regions of Wallonia
1851:History of Wallonia
1375:on 15 October 2014.
1322:defining stratotype
1261:Le Tombeau du Géant
1197:Battle of the Bulge
1167:Battle of the Bulge
1026:Battle of the Bulge
1015:Allied generals in
959:Battle of the Bulge
935:Luxembourg Province
933:, which is now its
874:takes its name for
703:Ardennes department
675:Luxembourg Province
488:Luxembourg Province
484:Baraque de Fraiture
175:Governing body
142: /
1916:Old-growth forests
1836:Forests of Belgium
1099:Erich Von Manstein
1049:Erich von Manstein
1041:Invasion of France
931:Kingdom of Belgium
911:revolution of 1830
903:Congress of Vienna
848:
840:Four Sons of Aymon
623:Frasnes-lez-Couvin
586:, along the river
550:formed during the
450:Signal de Botrange
399:
391:
383:
280:Forest of Ardennes
271:[ɑʁˈdænən]
1841:Forests of France
1813:
1812:
1695:
1694:
1593:
1592:
1477:Media related to
1462:, MIT Press, 1990
1395:Trubachyov, O. N.
1045:armored divisions
1037:mechanized forces
863:Quatre Fils Aymon
792:("high") and the
576:Sillon industriel
552:Hercynian orogeny
321:Champagne-Ardenne
290:, extending into
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16:(Redirected from
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1831:Areas of Belgium
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1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1024:and the later
1003:
996:
995:
979:
972:
971:
970:
966:
965:
964:
963:
827:
824:
762:Arduenna Silva
757:
754:
683:Liège Province
679:Namur Province
670:
667:
604:Liège Province
582:, for example
560:Massif Central
548:mountain range
543:
540:
539:
538:
524:
517:Napoléonsgaard
514:
508:
498:
491:
481:
478:Baraque Michel
475:
472:Liège Province
461:
454:Liège Province
445:
442:
374:
371:
190:
189:
176:
172:
171:
170:Administration
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
126:
122:
121:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1943:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1807:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Süder Uplands
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Fagne-Famenne
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Pays de Herve
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1230:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:Sedan, France
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1007:
1000:
991:
987:
983:
976:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:Great Britain
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:
860:
857:12th-century
856:
851:
845:
841:
837:
832:
825:
823:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
755:
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:, Charleroi,
720:
716:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
614:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
541:
536:
532:
528:
527:Croix Scaille
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
496:
492:
489:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
387:
379:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
315:
310:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
263:Luxembourgish
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
236:
230:
226:
222:
215:
209:
205:
201:
197:
177:
173:
168:
164:
160:
155:
151:50.250; 5.667
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
92:
88:
83:
79:
76:
72:
67:
63:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1776:Middle Rhine
1740:
1647:
1570:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1422:, ad a. 882.
1419:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1381:
1373:the original
1363:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1316:
1278:View of the
1260:
1237:
1164:
1152:Belgian Army
1144:Gembloux gap
1103:
1101:'s plan for
1053:Maginot Line
1033:Nazi Germany
1030:
1017:World War II
1014:
947:World War II
939:
915:great powers
899:
880:
871:
861:
852:
849:
815:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
781:
769:
766:Roman Period
761:
759:
739:
707:
672:
615:
611:mantle plume
608:
595:
545:
495:Saint-Hubert
464:Weißer Stein
431:
400:
356:
328:Bitburg-Prüm
311:
300:
279:
275:
195:
193:
43:
1771:Lahn Valley
1387:Vasmer, Max
1061:French Army
943:World War I
844:Charlemagne
742:agriculture
723:La Louvière
635:Tournaisian
511:Buurgplaatz
149: /
125:Coordinates
1820:Categories
1796:Westerwald
1766:Kellerwald
1309:References
891:Prüm Abbey
855:Old French
784:as in the
562:, and the
505:Luxembourg
367:metallurgy
317:department
288:Luxembourg
99:department
91:Luxembourg
1756:High Fens
1349:: 39–52.
1213:North Sea
1148:Abbeville
1104:Fall Gelb
986:Plan XVII
881:On their
778:Brythonic
756:Etymology
750:wild game
651:Dinantian
627:Famennian
600:Charleroi
535:Champagne
521:Rambrouch
490:, Belgium
474:, Belgium
468:Mürringen
460:countries
436:range in
403:High Fens
373:Geography
103:Grand Est
69:Geography
1826:Ardennes
1761:Hunsrück
1741:Ardennes
1673:Pyrenees
1648:Ardennes
1571:Ardennes
1536:Flanders
1479:Ardennes
1291:See also
1211:and the
1154:and the
842:fleeing
770:Arduenna
727:Borinage
710:Wallonia
659:Namurian
619:Frasnian
592:Borinage
580:Wallonia
537:, France
427:Bastogne
415:Verviers
359:charcoal
332:Wallonia
314:Ardennes
307:Givetian
267:Ardennen
246:Ardennen
225:Ardennen
196:Ardennes
96:Ardennes
78:Wallonia
74:Location
49:Ardennes
1653:Corsica
1561:Condroz
1551:Hesbaye
1541:Campine
1531:Polders
1520:Belgium
1453:Sources
1420:Chronik
1243:Gallery
1229:Condroz
1209:Antwerp
1171:Antwerp
1039:in the
923:Prussia
893:in the
887:Vikings
826:History
801:*windo-
774:Gaulish
764:in the
699:Oesling
669:Economy
657:), and
639:Tournai
631:Famenne
542:Geology
458:Benelux
438:Germany
407:Belgium
348:Oesling
336:Belgium
292:Germany
284:Belgium
250:Walloon
204:Ardenne
134:50°15′N
119:Germany
82:Belgium
18:Ardenne
1791:Taunus
1678:Vosges
1668:Morvan
1391:"рост"
1265:Semois
1205:Dinant
1175:Allied
1115:) and
1113:Dinant
925:, and
919:France
885:, the
876:Bayard
872:Bayard
868:Dinant
797:arduus
735:Tubize
725:, the
695:German
691:Éislek
681:, and
655:Dinant
643:Visean
596:Centre
594:, the
568:Sambre
564:Vosges
558:, the
501:Kneiff
344:German
340:Éislek
324:region
296:France
254:Årdene
242:German
200:French
137:5°40′E
110:France
106:region
87:Éislek
62:Semois
1746:Eifel
1401:[
1393:. In
1326:Givet
1280:Meuse
1201:Meuse
1125:Paris
1117:Sedan
1109:Meuse
1057:Meuse
895:Eifel
836:Meuse
816:Arden
794:Latin
786:Welsh
782:ardu-
780:word
746:Namur
719:Liège
715:Gaume
663:Namur
588:Haine
572:Meuse
531:Namur
434:Eifel
423:Eupen
411:Meuse
303:Eifel
221:Dutch
115:Eifel
1638:Alps
1320:The
1183:1944
1081:1940
1004:The
980:The
967:1914
945:and
790:ardd
733:(in
647:Visé
598:and
570:and
432:The
425:and
294:and
286:and
194:The
162:Area
101:and
1518:of
1351:doi
917:of
809:wen
805:wyn
693:" (
649:),
641:),
633:),
625:),
429:.)
342:" (
278:or
1822::
1418:,
1347:27
1345:.
1341:.
1075:.
1028:.
937:.
921:,
897:.
822:.
788::
768:.
705:.
697::
470:,
354:.
346::
298:.
265::
261:;
252::
248:;
244::
240:;
223::
219:;
202::
117:,
108:,
89:,
80:,
1721:e
1714:t
1707:v
1619:e
1612:t
1605:v
1508:e
1501:t
1494:v
1357:.
1353::
1215:.
992:.
846:.
807:/
661:(
653:(
645:(
637:(
629:(
621:(
198:(
112:;
93:;
84:;
41:.
34:.
20:)
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