938:: "It is said that Hannibal the Carthaginian, after Antiochus had been conquered by the Romans, left him and went to Artaxias the Armenian, to whom he gave many excellent suggestions and instructions. For instance, observing that a section of the country which had the greatest natural advantages and attractions was lying idle and neglected, he drew up a plan for a city there, and then brought Artaxias to the place and showed him its possibilities, and urged him to undertake the building. The king was delighted, and begged Hannibal to superintend the work himself, whereupon a very great and beautiful city arose there, which was named after the king, and proclaimed the capital of Armenia".
59:
536:
124:
91:
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387:
239:
740:
84:
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728:
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took place, this time near
Artaxata where, according to Roman sources, Tigranes II was defeated once again, although Lucullus was forced to turn back to Mesopotamia by the threat of mutiny and never took the city. Artaxata successfully withstood an assault by the
519:, contributing to its growth and prosperity, as well as that of the surrounding region. The city had a population of several thousand, consisting of Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and Syrians who worked as artisans, craftsmen, and merchants.
467:." Excavations have revealed that Artaxata was a major urban center with paved streets, numerous bathhouses, markets, workshops and administrative buildings. The city had its own treasury, mint and customs house. A focal point of
754:
The exact location of ancient
Artaxata was identified during the 1920s, with archaeological excavations beginning in 1970. The archaeological site is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the modern city of
724:
as the capital and chief city of
Armenia, Artaxata rapidly declined. The changing courses of the Araks and Mestamor rivers and consequent flooding probably led to the settlement's final abandonment.
463:. The remains of the great walls of the city and some of its buildings are still visible today. Strabo and Plutarch describe Artaxata as a large and beautiful city and call it the "Armenian
1412:
1567:
1246:
643:
and sent architects and construction experts to aid in the reconstruction of the ruined city. The city was temporarily renamed
Neroneia, in honor of its sponsor.
337:, meaning "the joy of Artaxias," as reflected in the alternative Greek form Artaxiasata. Artaxata was named after its founder, Artaxias I, just as the cities of
1405:
677:
in 115/6 AD and briefly made it a Roman province. The Romans established a garrison at
Artaxata during this time, as has been proved by the discovery of
587:
in the outskirts of
Tigranocerta and sacked the new capital. As the harassed Roman forces continued to move northeast in pursuit of the Armenian king, a
1557:
1398:
1261:
Dan, Roberto (2019). "Between
Urartian and Achaemenid Architectural Traditions: Considerations on the So-Called 'Urartian Wall' of Artašat".
1167:
1085:
499:
were relocated to the new capital. Due to its advantageous position, Artaxata soon became an important junction on the trade routes linking
58:
628:
1552:
716:, the political and religious leaders of Christian Armenia convened a council at Artaxata to discuss the threats of the Sasanian king
709:
between
Sasanian Iran and the Eastern Roman Empire, Artaxata became one of three authorized points for trade between the two empires.
829:
1137:
1111:
1058:
424:
and, taking a liking to the hill there, he chose it as the location of his new city, naming it after himself." The Greek historians
83:
173:
1421:
288:
284:
604:. In order to save Artaxata, Tigranes submitted to the Romans and gave up most of the territories which he had conquered.
1231:
1449:
342:
720:. During the rebellion, the city was destroyed again by pro-Sasanian Armenian forces. With the rise in prominence of
535:
1240:
1199:
935:
315:. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD, before finally being abandoned.
116:
1562:
1497:
38:
1572:
612:
567:, the Armenian kingdom was expanded to include many territories to the south and west, ultimately reaching the
468:
456:
1215:
624:
452:
662:
67:
Monastery. The hill where the monastery was built is the location of ancient
Artaxata (near the village of
1489:
1441:
1181:
682:
636:
584:
496:
488:
352:
266:
739:
690:
386:
365:, meaning "court/seat of the Armenians," which was also the name of the canton in which it was located.
238:
597:
1323:"Magnetic Prospection in the Eastern Lower City of Artashat-Artaxata in the Ararat Plain of Armenia"
646:
571:. Due to the remoteness of Artaxata within the expanded empire, Tigranes built a new capital called
291:
from its founding in 176 BC to 120 AD, with some interruptions. It was founded during reign of King
1481:
1190:
1125:
1099:
721:
694:
471:
culture in
Armenia, Armenia's first theater was built here. Movses Khorenatsi writes that numerous
432:
relate an apocryphal story according to which the site of Artaxata was chosen on the advice of the
408:
rivers. Archaeological evidence may indicate that Artaxata was built upon the remains of an older
1521:
1379:
1344:
1309:
1044:
706:
588:
564:
382:
General plan of the acropolis of Artaxata with legends of various hills (Hill). Armen Tonikyan.
1177:
1163:
1133:
1107:
1081:
1054:
756:
747:
713:
568:
543:
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324:
250:
153:
31:
689:
as the capital of Armenia, at least temporarily. In the mid-3rd century, during the reign of
1369:
1334:
1299:
1270:
1147:
1121:
1095:
433:
405:
296:
1155:
1073:
727:
698:
685:
invaded Armenia and destroyed Artaxata in 163/64 AD. After this, Artaxata was replaced by
593:
300:
157:
1321:
Lichtenberger, Achim; Meyer, Cornelius; Schreiber, Torben; Zardaryan, Mkrtich H. (2022).
1284:"First Results and Perspectives of a New Archaeological Project in the Armenian Capital
522:
421:
347:
258:
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1383:
1348:
1313:
1048:
674:
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1357:
1339:
1322:
1304:
1283:
555:
1473:
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572:
351:). It was briefly renamed Neroneia in the first century AD after it was rebuilt by
308:
654:
1390:
1151:
608:
607:
The city remained a hotly contested military target for the next two centuries.
504:
1358:"The Archives of Artaxata: Archival Practice in the Capital of Ancient Armenia"
760:
697:. In the late 360s, Artaxata was thoroughly destroyed by the invading army of
448:
378:
338:
312:
292:
214:
64:
188:
175:
1274:
702:
640:
616:
548:
512:
484:
1050:
A Concise History of the Armenian People: From Ancient Times to the Present
732:
412:
settlement. The story of its foundation is given by the Armenian historian
650:
Old photograph of the excavations of Artaxata with the buildings of Urartu
580:
576:
516:
508:
464:
437:
425:
30:"Artashat" redirects here. For the modern city named after Artaxata, see
681:
inscription there mentioning Trajan. After his death, the Romans led by
17:
1529:
1282:
Lichtenberger, Achim; Schreiber, Torben; Zardaryan, Mkrtich H. (2021).
912:
910:
480:
444:
401:
304:
161:
68:
1078:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/4: Architecture IV–Armenia and Iran IV
1433:
1211:
1162:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 653–654.
1080:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 418–438.
744:
671:
601:
500:
476:
472:
429:
409:
394:
King Artaxias I founded Artaxata as his new capital in 176 BC in the
345:, and Zarishat were named after their respective founders (see also:
551:-Apollo of Artaxata, located in the lower town, near the Araks River
327:
origin. Artaxata/Artashat can be interpreted as meaning "the joy of
559:
A reconstruction of the Temple of Tir-Apollo, by Gevorg Gyulamiryan
738:
726:
678:
661:
653:
645:
554:
542:
534:
521:
404:, on a peninsula of nine hills at the confluence of the Araks and
385:
377:
237:
615:
captive. in 58–59 AD, It was occupied and razed to the ground by
1505:
632:
492:
460:
440:. There is, however, no direct evidence to support this story.
417:
356:
328:
1394:
1513:
1132:. Vol. 1. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 37–62.
1106:. Vol. 1. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 63–94.
960:
958:
956:
1206:. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte.
999:
997:
395:
360:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
390:
Plan of the northern fortress, Hill I, by Armen Tonikyan.
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
705:, along with the other cities of Armenia. Following the
639:
as king of Armenia in 66 AD, he granted him 50 million
1160:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/6: Art in Iran I–ʿArūż
928:
487:
were brought to Artaxata from the religious center of
1235:(in Armenian). Vol. 2. Erevan. pp. 135–136.
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
283:), was a major city and commercial center of ancient
794:
792:
790:
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778:
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750:
found north of the city, outside the wall of 116 AD
278:
228:
220:
209:
204:
167:
148:
1053:(2nd ed.). Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
916:
333:(truth)," although it is actually a shortening of
1288:: From Artashes-Artaxias I to Roman Imperialism"
1130:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
1104:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
416:: "Artashes traveled to the confluence of the
459:) and added other fortifications, including a
1406:
1220:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
1189:(in Armenian). Translation and commentary by
1070:"Armenia and Iran ii. The pre-Islamic period"
822:
629:first, short-lived, Roman conquest of Armenia
8:
547:An artist's reconstruction of the temple of
44:
1568:Buildings and structures in Ararat Province
947:
611:marched on Artaxata in 34 BC and took King
475:pagan statues of the gods and goddesses of
1413:
1399:
1391:
1245:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
901:
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43:
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1338:
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1027:
1015:
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988:
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862:
735:godness from Artaxata, 2nd–1st century BC
27:Capital of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia
1124:(1997b). "The Emergence of Armenia". In
841:
1193:. Erevan: "Hayastan" Hratarakchʻutʻyun.
772:
579:. However, in 69 BC, the Roman general
1238:
810:
7:
1098:(1997a). "The Aršakuni Dynasty". In
495:from the former Armenian capital of
666:Excavation of the baths of Artaxata
600:, but then faced another attack by
355:with the help of the Roman emperor
287:which served as the capital of the
1229:. In Hambardzumyan, Viktor (ed.).
539:Model of the acropolis of Artaxata
451:(best known as the location where
311:, at the site of the monastery of
25:
531:Wars against Romans and Persians
123:
122:
115:
90:
89:
82:
1558:Archaeological sites in Armenia
1375:10.4467/20800909EL.21.017.13375
1340:10.4467/20800909EL.22.008.15778
1305:10.4467/20800909EL.21.016.13374
693:, the royal court was moved to
299:. Its ruins are located in the
295:(Artashes), the founder of the
1422:Historical capitals of Armenia
658:Excavations of Hill 8 Artaxata
1:
1461:(176–177 BC and 69 BC–120 AD)
714:Armenian rebellion of 450–451
359:. Artaxata was also known as
1232:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
1214:(1924). Jones, H. L. (ed.).
491:and other regions, and that
443:Artaxias I built Artaxata's
396:
361:
152:South of the modern town of
447:on the height later called
323:The name of the city is of
1589:
1553:Former capitals of Armenia
1356:Schreiber, Torben (2021).
1204:Plutarch, Lives, Volume II
400:canton of the province of
307:, on the left bank of the
279:
270:
36:
29:
1428:
585:defeated Tigranes' forces
254:
76:
56:
49:
39:Artashat (disambiguation)
1068:Chaumont, M. L. (1986).
759:, near the monastery of
457:Tiridates III of Armenia
1275:10.2143/IA.54.0.3287444
1225:Tiratsʻyan, G. (1976).
1217:The Geography of Strabo
1126:Hovannisian, Richard G.
1100:Hovannisian, Richard G.
917:Movses Khorenatsʻi 1997
625:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
589:second prominent battle
453:Gregory the Illuminator
1200:"The Life of Lucullus"
1045:Bournoutian, George A.
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353:Tiridates I of Armenia
243:
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743:Latin inscription of
742:
730:
712:In 449, prior to the
691:Khosrov III the Small
665:
657:
649:
558:
546:
538:
525:
389:
381:
241:
189:39.88500°N 44.57639°E
919:, p. 164, 2.49.
707:partition of Armenia
563:During the reign of
103:Shown within Armenia
37:For other uses, see
185: /
106:Show map of Armenia
46:
1183:Hayotsʻ Patmutʻyun
1178:Movses Khorenatsʻi
752:
737:
670:The Roman emperor
668:
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652:
619:legions under the
561:
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541:
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526:Mosaic in Artaxata
455:was imprisoned by
392:
384:
289:Kingdom of Armenia
244:
194:39.88500; 44.57639
139:Show map of Ararat
1540:
1539:
1241:cite encyclopedia
1198:Plutarch (1914).
1169:978-0-71009-106-2
1087:978-0-71009-104-8
967:, pp. 58–59.
675:conquered Armenia
583:invaded Armenia,
575:in the region of
569:Mediterranean Sea
414:Movses Khorenatsi
236:
235:
136:Artaxata (Ararat)
32:Artashat, Armenia
16:(Redirected from
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1563:Forts in Armenia
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842:Chaumont 1986
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397:Ostan Hayotsʻ
388:
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362:Ostan Hayotsʻ
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318:
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267:Ancient Greek
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155:
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118:
85:
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55:
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40:
33:
19:
1533:(since 1918)
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1474:Vagharshapat
1472:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1453:(210–176 BC)
1448:
1445:(331–210 BC)
1440:
1437:(832–590 BC)
1432:
1365:
1361:
1330:
1326:
1295:
1291:
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1266:
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1103:
1077:
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1038:Bibliography
1023:
1011:
984:
972:
943:
930:
924:
870:
837:
824:
818:
753:
718:Yazdegerd II
711:
687:Vagharshapat
669:
606:
596:allied with
573:Tigranocerta
562:
442:
434:Carthaginian
393:
346:
335:Artaxšas-šāt
334:
329:
322:
274:
262:
246:
245:
242:Public baths
1525:(1080–1375)
1466:Tigranakert
1368:: 277–310.
1333:: 109–125.
1298:: 245–276.
811:Hewsen 1986
637:Tiridates I
635:recognized
627:during the
609:Mark Antony
565:Tigranes II
505:Mesopotamia
469:Hellenistic
343:Eruandashat
339:Arshamashat
309:Araks River
280:Ἀρταξιάσατα
275:Artaxiasata
232:7th century
192: /
168:Coordinates
1547:Categories
1517:(961–1045)
1498:Shirakavan
1469:(77–69 BC)
1227:"Artashat"
1152:"Artaxata"
929:Plutarch,
767:References
761:Khor Virap
748:4th Legion
731:Statue of
617:Capadocian
517:Asia Minor
515:ports and
449:Khor Virap
313:Khor Virap
293:Artaxias I
259:Hellenized
215:Artaxias I
180:44°34′35″E
177:39°53′06″N
65:Khor Virap
1509:(929–961)
1501:(890–929)
1493:(885–890)
1485:(336–428)
1477:(120–330)
1384:240679127
1349:253168848
1314:237975724
825:Geography
703:Shapur II
641:sesterces
594:Parthians
513:Black Sea
507:with the
374:Antiquity
229:Abandoned
1458:Artashat
1442:Armavir
1362:Electrum
1327:Electrum
1292:Electrum
1286:Artaxata
1269:: 1–16.
1180:(1997).
1150:(1986).
1047:(2003).
823:Strabo,
757:Artashat
745:Trajan's
699:Sasanian
623:general
581:Lucullus
577:Arzanene
509:Caucasus
465:Carthage
438:Hannibal
436:general
426:Plutarch
422:Metsamor
410:Urartian
406:Metsamor
271:Ἀρτάξατα
263:Artaxata
251:Armenian
247:Artashat
154:Artashat
149:Location
130:Artaxata
97:Artaxata
63:View of
45:Artashat
18:Artashat
1530:Yerevan
1490:Bagaran
1158:(ed.).
1128:(ed.).
1102:(ed.).
1076:(ed.).
830:11.14.6
497:Armavir
489:Bagaran
481:Artemis
445:citadel
418:Yeraskh
402:Ayrarat
369:History
325:Iranian
305:Armenia
285:Armenia
255:Արտաշատ
221:Founded
210:Builder
205:History
162:Armenia
69:Lusarat
51:Արտաշատ
1434:Tushpa
1382:
1347:
1312:
1212:Strabo
1166:
1136:
1110:
1084:
1057:
936:31.3-4
733:Astgik
672:Trajan
602:Pompey
511:, the
501:Persia
477:Anahit
473:copper
430:Strabo
273:) and
224:176 BC
1380:S2CID
1345:S2CID
1310:S2CID
1187:(PDF)
1154:. In
1072:. In
701:king
679:Latin
621:Roman
348:-shat
213:King
1506:Kars
1482:Dvin
1247:link
1164:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1055:ISBN
722:Duin
695:Duin
633:Nero
503:and
493:Jews
483:and
461:moat
428:and
420:and
357:Nero
330:Arta
319:Name
1522:Sis
1514:Ani
1370:doi
1335:doi
1300:doi
1271:doi
549:Tir
485:Tir
261:as
257:),
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1366:28
1364:.
1360:.
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1329:.
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1267:54
1265:.
1243:}}
1239:{{
1202:.
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955:^
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909:^
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265:(
249:(
71:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
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