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of arteries in an attempt to achieve intravenous access. Delivery of certain medications via arterial access has led to clinically important sequelae, including paresthesias, severe pain, motor dysfunction, compartment syndrome, gangrene, and limb loss. We comprehensively review the current literature, highlighting available information on risk factors, symptoms, pathogenesis, sequelae, and management strategies for unintentional intra-arterial injection. We believe that all physicians and ancillary personnel who administer intravenous therapies should be aware of this serious problem.
262:
674:, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types—muscular and elastic—according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina. The larger arteries (>10 mm diameter) are generally elastic and the smaller ones (0.1–10 mm) tend to be muscular. Systemic arteries deliver blood to the
713:. This smooth muscle contraction is primarily influenced by activity of the sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervating the arterioles. Enhanced sympathetic activation prompts vasoconstriction, reducing the lumen diameter. A reduced lumen diameter consequently elevates the blood pressure within the arterioles. Conversely, decreased sympathetic activity within the vasomotor nerves causes vasodilation of the vessels thereby decreasing blood pressure.
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Unintentional intra-arterial injection of medication, either iatrogenic or self-administered, is a source of considerable morbidity. Normal vascular anatomical proximity, aberrant vasculature, procedurally difficult situations, and medical personnel error all contribute to unintentional cannulation
361:, small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels. Most of the layers have a clear boundary between them, however the tunica externa has a boundary that is ill-defined. Normally its boundary is considered when it meets or touches the connective tissue. Inside this layer is the
629:
have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. They are the primary "adjustable nozzles" in the blood system, across which the greatest pressure drop occurs. The combination of heart output
322:
Large arteries (such as the aorta) are composed of many different types of cells, namely endothelial, smooth muscle, fibroblast, and immune cells. As with veins, the arterial wall consists of three layers called tunics, namely the
1615:
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet
Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Five Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1994. pg.
821:; a red blood cell is typically 7 micrometers outside diameter, capillaries typically 5 micrometers inside diameter. The red blood cells must distort in order to pass through the capillaries.
570:
also aid the heart in pumping blood by sending oxygenated blood to the heart, allowing the muscles to function. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for
3166:
4121:
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5779:
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The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From
Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.18
1579:
The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From
Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.24
1597:
The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From
Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.26
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itself, and thought to co-exist with the blood in the blood vessels. The arteries were thought to be responsible for the transport of air to the tissues and to be connected to the
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In medieval times, it was supposed that arteries carried a fluid, called "spiritual blood" or "vital spirits", considered to be different from the contents of the
871:(about 760 mmHg, 14.7 psi, 101 kPa at sea level). To withstand and adapt to the pressures within, arteries are surrounded by varying thicknesses of
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594:, where it receives oxygen. It is unique because the blood in it is not "oxygenated", as it has not yet passed through the lungs. The other unique artery is the
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253:, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
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is a factor in causing arterial damage. Healthy resting arterial pressures are relatively low, mean systemic pressures typically being under 100
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due to the higher arterial pressures. Blood is spurted out at a rapid, intermittent rate, that coincides with the heartbeat. The amount of
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at the beginning of the 20th century first described the technique for vascular suturing and anastomosis and successfully performed many
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Maton, Anthea; Jean
Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1999).
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described and popularized the modern concept of the circulatory system and the roles of arteries and veins in the 17th century.
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These small diameters of the capillaries provide a relatively large surface area for the exchange of gasses and nutrients.
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Schwarzwald, Colin C.; Bonagura, John D.; Muir, William W. (2009-01-01), Muir, William W.; Hubbell, John A. E. (eds.),
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755:. As the aorta branches and these arteries branch, in turn, they become successively smaller in diameter, down to the
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Bruno, Rosa Maria; Ghiadoni, Lorenzo; Seravalle, Gino; Dell'Oro, Raffaella; Taddei, Stefano; Grassi, Guido (2012).
775:, which supply blood to the heart muscle itself. These are followed by the branches of the aortic arch, namely the
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385:. The elastic tissue allows the artery to bend and fit through places in the body. This layer is mainly made up of
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1527:"Complications After Unintentional Intra-arterial Injection of Drugs: Risks, Outcomes, and Management Strategies"
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Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification.
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believed that the blood moved to and fro through the blood vessels, there was no concept of the
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Scipione, Corey A.; Hyduk, Sharon J.; Polenz, Chanele K.; Cybulsky, Myron I. (December 2023).
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was the first to describe anatomical differences between the two types of blood vessel. While
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higher than other parts of the circulatory system. The pressure in arteries varies during the
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945:. Atherosclerosis is a disease marked by the hardening of arteries. This is caused by an
809:. The microvessels have a width of a single cell in diameter to aid in the fast and easy
1530:(Online archive of Volume 80, Issue 6, Pages 783–795, June 2005 Mayo Clinic Proceedings)
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in elastic arteries). The hollow internal cavity in which the blood flows is called the
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fibres. The innermost layer, which is in direct contact with the flow of blood, is the
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pressure, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected by each heart beat,
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642:, are the principal determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment.
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artery (i.e., main artery). In humans, it receives blood directly from the left
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Sen MD, Surjya; Nunes Chini MD Phd, Eduardo; Brown MD, Michael J. (June 2005).
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1119:"Unveiling the Hidden Landscape of Arterial Diseases at Single-Cell Resolution"
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vessels that join arteries and veins, and there was no notion of circulation.
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carry oxygenated blood as well). There are two types of unique arteries. The
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Renna, Nicolás F.; de las Heras, Natalia; Miatello, Roberto M. (2013-07-22).
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1046:. This was as a result of finding the arteries of cadavers devoid of blood.
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arterial pressures are generated by the forceful contractions of the heart's
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or plaque in the artery wall and is a build-up of cell debris, that contain
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of gasses, sugars and nutrients to surrounding tissues. Capillaries have no
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or through recreational drug use can cause symptoms such as intense pain,
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689:, blood travels through peripheral arteries into smaller arteries called
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476: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Aalkjær, Christian; Nilsson, Holger; De Mey, Jo G. R. (2021-04-01).
1318:"Sympathetic regulation of vascular function in health and disease"
1263:"Sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves in peripheral small arteries"
645:
Arteries have the highest pressure and have narrow lumen diameter.
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898:, also known as an arterial gush, is the effect when an artery is
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can be copious, can occur very rapidly, and be life-threatening.
638:, which refers to the collective resistance of all of the body's
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Miller, J. D. Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins.
598:, which carries deoxygenated blood from a fetus to its mother.
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2016:
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445:
1085:
that was previously limited to vessels' permanent ligation.
1038:, originally meaning just air but soon identified with the
891:, versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries.
805:
are the smallest of the blood vessels and are part of the
1469:"U.S. Navy Standard First Aid Manual, Chapter 3 (online)"
1170:. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, Inc. pp. 34–48.
980:. It usually causes permanent damage to the limb; often
1377:"Pathophysiology of Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension"
1151:
Steve, Paxton; Michelle, Peckham; Adele, Knibbs (2003).
214:
to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry
817:
surrounding them and have a diameter less than that of
307:, carrying blood from the heart to the whole body, and
1168:
Rutherford's
Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
1081:
in animals; he thus actually opened the way to modern
30:"Arteries" redirects here. For specific arteries, see
562:
that is oxygenated after it has been pumped from the
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879:. The pulse pressure, being the difference between
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1193:"Arterial-venous specification during development"
423:begin to express arterial specific genes, such as
27:Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
1442:, Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 37–100,
1240:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
771:. The first branches off of the aorta are the
582:carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the
283:The anatomy of arteries can be separated into
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909:Over time, factors such as elevated arterial
8:
682:, where nutrients and gasses are exchanged.
202:in humans and most other animals that takes
968:Accidental intra-arterial injection either
875:which have extensive elastic and inelastic
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1191:Swift, MR; Weinstein, BM (Mar 13, 2009).
735:is the largest blood vessel in human body
709:of their walls, and deliver blood to the
536:Learn how and when to remove this message
1006:, all blood vessels were called Φλέβες,
941:and walls of the arteries, resulting in
419:Arterial formation begins and ends when
1436:"Chapter 3 - The Cardiovascular System"
1093:
617:. The variation in pressure produces a
311:, carrying deoxygenated blood from the
5955:Tibial-fibular (Tibial-peroneal) trunk
1103:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
357:—with the largest arteries containing
170:
43:
1381:International Journal of Hypertension
238:that carry deoxygenated blood to the
7:
1146:
1144:
590:carries blood from the heart to the
474:adding citations to reliable sources
246:wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.
5204:posterior humeral circumflex artery
1057:. In the late medieval period, the
705:by the variable contraction of the
341:, from innermost to outermost. The
5199:anterior humeral circumflex artery
1440:Equine Anesthesia (Second Edition)
32:List of arteries of the human body
25:
994:Circulatory system § History
265:Microscopic anatomy of an artery.
242:. It consists of a multi-layered
651:are the arteries (including the
450:
439:Arteries form part of the human
836:Diagram showing the effects of
461:needs additional citations for
295:, which must be studied with a
273:Cross-section of a human artery
1123:Canadian Journal of Cardiology
1:
5691:superficial external pudendal
4878:Accompanying of sciatic nerve
3747:deep branch / dorsal scapular
3321:artery of the pterygoid canal
1547:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61533-4
1210:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.188805
1065:were also called "arteries".
345:, alternatively known as the
299:. The arterial system of the
5686:superficial circumflex iliac
4451:Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
4382:superior pancreaticoduodenal
670:away from the heart, to the
636:systemic vascular resistance
3540:Recurrent artery of Heubner
3292:posterior superior alveolar
1153:"The Leeds Histology Guide"
1053:. This theory went back to
767:, which in turn empty into
659:, which is the part of the
574:, which carry blood to the
389:(and a supporting layer of
6102:
5775:lateral circumflex femoral
5187:circumflex scapular artery
4219:Posterior intercostal 3–11
3804:Supreme Intercostal artery
3301:anterior superior alveolar
2923:sternocleidomastoid branch
2840:Arteries in the human body
1606:Oxford English Dictionary.
1540:(6). MAYO Clinic: 783–95.
1279:10.1152/physrev.00007.2020
1135:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.009
991:
794:
720:
554:Arteries form part of the
547:
408:
276:
36:
29:
6081:Cardiovascular physiology
5741:medial circumflex femoral
5349:Superficial palmar branch
4850:
4726:Medial umbilical ligament
4166:Posterior intercostal 1–2
3495:Circulus arteriosus major
3330:posterior septal branches
3254:to muscles of mastication
2846:
963:fibrous connective tissue
961:and a variable amount of
913:(particularly as seen in
685:After traveling from the
609:. It is highest when the
578:for oxygenation (usually
230:for oxygenation, and the
165:
51:
5807:Trochanteric anastomosis
5118:Superior thoracic artery
4937:Deep artery of the penis
3955:Left anterior descending
3570:Anterior temporal branch
3566:Inferior terminal branch
3562:Superior terminal branch
1335:10.3389/fphys.2012.00284
1236:Human Biology and Health
1034:developed the theory of
375:connective tissue proper
226:that carry blood to the
6023:dorsal digital arteries
6011:first dorsal metatarsal
5540:superficial palmar arch
5482:superficial palmar arch
5364:superficial palmar arch
5359:radialis indicis artery
5161:Lateral thoracic artery
5009:arteries of lower limbs
4949:Deep artery of clitoris
4713:Superior vesical artery
3576:posterior communicating
3334:posterior lateral nasal
2823:Circulatory anastomosis
2786:Internal elastic lamina
2577:Precapillary resistance
1534:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
1322:Frontiers in Physiology
1105:A Greek-English Lexicon
249:Arteries contrast with
39:Artery (disambiguation)
6043:proper plantar digital
6038:common plantar digital
5696:deep external pudendal
5681:superficial epigastric
5445:interosseous recurrent
5134:Thoracoacromial artery
4959:Dorsal of the clitoris
3536:anterior communicating
2572:Precapillary sphincter
2108:Lymphoid immune system
1677:Musculoskeletal system
1166:Sidawy, Anton (2019).
1079:organ transplantations
841:
777:brachiocephalic artery
736:
443:
365:, which is made up of
274:
266:
167:Anatomical terminology
6086:Cardiovascular system
5645:Deep circumflex iliac
5552:proper palmar digital
5545:common palmar digital
4997:Deep circumflex iliac
3886:Ligamentum arteriosum
3554:anterolateral central
2096:Myeloid immune system
1882:Cardiovascular system
1629:Human arterial system
1267:Physiological Reviews
1032:Diogenes of Apollonia
1014:then referred to the
992:Further information:
835:
828:Clinical significance
751:of the heart via the
730:
661:cardiovascular system
438:
409:Further information:
272:
264:
224:pulmonary circulation
5802:Cruciate anastomosis
5714:Descending genicular
5477:Palmar carpal branch
5465:Dorsal carpal branch
5326:Palmar carpal branch
5314:Dorsal carpal branch
5192:thoracodorsal artery
5182:scapular anastomosis
4883:Cruciate anastomosis
4773:Cruciate anastomosis
4377:right gastroepiploic
4137:Perforating branches
4122:Anterior intercostal
4054:Right common carotid
3938:Posterior descending
3905:Coronary circulation
3777:scapular anastomosis
3752:scapular anastomosis
3544:Orbitofrontal artery
2448:Islets of Langerhans
2308:Genitourinary system
2044:Integumentary system
1197:Circulation Research
869:atmospheric pressure
867:) above surrounding
693:, and eventually to
657:systemic circulation
470:improve this article
212:systemic circulation
58:Diagram of an artery
37:For other uses, see
5916:anterior malleolar
5733:Deep femoral artery
5622:Inferior epigastric
5430:common interosseous
4985:Inferior epigastric
4954:Dorsal of the penis
4619:Inferior mesenteric
4563:Inferior suprarenal
4443:Superior mesenteric
4429:Left gastroepiploic
4407:Pancreatic branches
4337:Esophageal branches
4310:Superior suprarenal
4162:Highest intercostal
4157:Costocervical trunk
4150:superior epigastric
4132:Pericardiacophrenic
4096:Carotid bifurcation
3791:costocervical trunk
3734:transverse cervical
3682:thyrocervical trunk
3429:posterior ethmoidal
3307:descending palatine
3229:accessory meningeal
3081:sternocleidomastoid
2961:pharyngeal branches
2956:posterior meningeal
2933:cricothyroid branch
2338:Reproductive system
2057:Subcutaneous tissue
1826:Cartilaginous joint
1394:10.1155/2013/808353
953:, (cholesterol and
927:high blood pressure
781:left common carotid
701:help in regulating
653:peripheral arteries
6033:plantar metatarsal
5985:fibular (peroneal)
5968:circumflex fibular
5857:inferior genicular
5838:superior genicular
5724:articular branches
5532:Palmar carpal arch
5509:Dorsal carpal arch
5470:dorsal carpal arch
5319:dorsal carpal arch
5177:Subscapular artery
5103:before teres minor
4733:to ductus deferens
3742:superficial branch
3724:glandular branches
3714:ascending cervical
3699:inferior laryngeal
3581:anterior choroidal
3424:anterior ethmoidal
3167:anterior auricular
3161:zygomatico-orbital
3021:ascending palatine
2938:glandular branches
2918:superior laryngeal
2733:Pulmonary arteries
2667:Circulatory system
2120:Respiratory system
1873:Circulatory system
877:connective tissues
842:
737:
678:, and then to the
572:pulmonary arteries
556:circulatory system
550:Circulatory system
444:
441:circulatory system
309:pulmonary arteries
275:
267:
232:umbilical arteries
220:pulmonary arteries
216:deoxygenated blood
75:Circulatory system
6063:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6006:dorsal metatarsal
5901:tibial recurrent
5884:no major branches
5815:
5814:
5653:no major branches
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5562:palmar metacarpal
5517:dorsal metacarpal
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5374:
5373:
5354:princeps pollicis
5254:medial collateral
5249:radial collateral
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5149:clavicular branch
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5020:
5019:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4911:posterior scrotal
4893:Internal pudendal
4768:Acetabular branch
4700:
4699:
4671:Posterior surface
4586:Testicular artery
4545:Middle suprarenal
4437:
4436:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4180:
4179:
4117:Internal thoracic
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3785:
3784:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3558:Prefrontal artery
3438:lateral palpebral
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3234:inferior alveolar
3219:superior tympanic
3205:anterior tympanic
3152:transverse facial
3017:cervical branches
2966:inferior tympanic
2928:infrahyoid branch
2831:
2830:
2752:
2751:
2661:
2660:
2456:
2455:
1979:
1978:
1969:Glymphatic system
1867:
1866:
1515:, 476-478 (2013).
1499:, 576-583 (2013).
1449:978-1-4160-2326-5
1129:(12): 1781–1794.
915:diabetes mellitus
773:coronary arteries
649:Systemic arteries
568:Coronary arteries
546:
545:
538:
520:
421:endothelial cells
387:endothelial cells
349:, is composed of
347:tunica adventitia
305:systemic arteries
289:macroscopic level
236:fetal circulation
181:
180:
176:
16:(Redirected from
6093:
5963:Posterior tibial
5852:middle genicular
5826:
5721:saphenous branch
5701:anterior scrotal
5668:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5580:
5557:deep palmar arch
5505:
5403:
5331:deep palmar arch
5298:radial recurrent
5288:
5261:ulnar collateral
5244:profunda brachii
5237:
5227:
5108:
5104:
5097:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5050:
5034:Coccygeal glomus
4916:posterior labial
4870:Inferior gluteal
4859:Inferior vesical
4832:Ovarian branches
4827:Vaginal branches
4802:Prostatic branch
4763:Posterior branch
4721:Umbilical artery
4709:
4705:Anterior surface
4675:
4668:
4659:
4325:
4302:Inferior phrenic
4298:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4245:
4229:Superior phrenic
4079:Internal carotid
4074:External carotid
4049:Right subclavian
4032:
4002:Descending aorta
3982:
3872:Pulmonary artery
3843:
3836:
3829:
3820:
3691:inferior thyroid
3687:
3608:vertebral artery
3604:
3527:Circle of Willis
3444:medial palpebral
3398:caroticotympanic
3363:
3311:greater palatine
3215:middle meningeal
3192:
2906:
2897:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2850:
2835:
2771:Microcirculation
2672:
2643:Lymphatic vessel
2600:Superficial vein
2505:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2415:Endocrine system
2177:Digestive system
1922:Lymphatic system
1905:Lymphatic vessel
1878:
1682:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1510:Nature Materials
1506:
1500:
1494:Nature Materials
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1396:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1337:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1114:
1108:
1098:
1083:vascular surgery
807:microcirculation
613:and lowest when
601:Arteries have a
596:umbilical artery
588:pulmonary artery
541:
534:
530:
527:
521:
519:
478:
454:
446:
303:is divided into
204:oxygenated blood
173:edit on Wikidata
56:
44:
21:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6058:
6049:
5989:
5978:lateral plantar
5949:
5894:Anterior tibial
5888:
5870:
5811:
5727:
5708:
5657:
5639:
5616:
5607:
5577:
5568:
5526:
5501:Arterial Arches
5488:
5453:
5413:ulnar recurrent
5392:
5370:
5337:
5302:
5277:
5232:
5231:
5208:
5165:
5144:acromial branch
5139:pectoral branch
5122:
5102:
5101:
5086:
5077:
5047:
5038:
5016:
4963:
4901:Inferior rectal
4887:
4864:
4846:
4807:
4784:
4751:Anterior branch
4737:
4696:
4648:
4644:Superior rectal
4613:
4609:Lumbar arteries
4595:
4572:
4549:
4531:
4498:posterior cecal
4433:
4393:
4341:
4314:
4292:
4285:
4272:
4242:
4233:
4187:
4176:
4107:
4100:
4065:
4058:
4036:Brachiocephalic
4021:
4012:Abdominal aorta
3992:Ascending aorta
3971:
3960:Left circumflex
3893:
3860:
3847:
3817:
3808:
3781:
3772:acromial branch
3758:
3728:
3676:
3585:
3513:
3481:short posterior
3471:central retinal
3411:
3402:
3379:
3344:
3315:lesser palatine
3284:pterygopalatine
3277:
3238:
3181:
3157:middle temporal
3138:
3111:post. auricular
3105:
3067:
3048:superior labial
3043:inferior labial
3039:facial branches
3003:
2970:
2948:asc. pharyngeal
2942:
2886:
2877:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2813:Vascular nerves
2748:
2717:
2657:
2653:Lymph capillary
2629:
2610:Perforator vein
2581:
2538:
2517:Nutrient artery
2496:
2487:
2457:
2452:
2409:
2371:Seminal vesicle
2332:
2294:
2244:Small intestine
2171:
2114:
2073:
2038:
1975:
1916:
1863:
1841:Muscular system
1835:
1807:
1686:Skeletal system
1671:
1662:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1560:
1558:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1503:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1099:
1095:
1091:
996:
990:
943:atherosclerosis
838:atherosclerosis
830:
819:red blood cells
799:
793:
785:left subclavian
725:
719:
611:heart contracts
584:pulmonary veins
552:
542:
531:
525:
522:
479:
477:
467:
455:
433:
417:
407:
281:
259:
177:
134:
59:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6099:
6097:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6068:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6008:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5973:medial plantar
5970:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5932:dorsalis pedis
5929:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5854:
5849:
5834:
5832:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5737:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5649:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5634:round ligament
5626:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5583:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5536:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5522:dorsal digital
5519:
5513:
5511:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5409:
5407:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5240:
5238:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5154:deltoid branch
5151:
5146:
5141:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5105:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4981:
4979:
4977:External iliac
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4934:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4837:Tubal branches
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4798:Vaginal branch
4794:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4717:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4672:
4665:
4663:Internal iliac
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4591:Ovarian artery
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4493:anterior cecal
4490:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4424:Short gastrics
4421:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4372:Gastroduodenal
4369:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4355:Proper hepatic
4351:
4349:
4347:Common hepatic
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4192:
4190:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4153:
4146:Musculophrenic
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4112:
4110:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4066:common carotid
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4044:Thyreoidea ima
4040:
4038:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Thoracic aorta
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3933:Right marginal
3930:
3925:
3920:
3911:Right coronary
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3646:
3641:
3632:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3547:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3497:
3492:
3485:long posterior
3465:
3464:
3457:supratrochlear
3446:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3421:orbital group:
3417:
3415:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3326:sphenopalatine
3323:
3318:
3304:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3212:
3210:deep auricular
3207:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3144:supf. temporal
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:dorsal lingual
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Tunica externa
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2741:Pulmonary vein
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Emissary veins
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2534:Elastic artery
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2300:Urinary system
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Laryngopharynx
2219:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:Salivary gland
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2085:
2083:immune systems
2079:Haematopoietic
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2029:Somatic system
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2012:Sensory system
2009:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1987:
1985:Nervous system
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1964:CNS equivalent
1961:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1831:Synovial joint
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1623:External links
1621:
1619:
1618:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1517:
1501:
1481:
1460:
1448:
1426:
1367:
1308:
1273:(2): 495–544.
1253:
1246:
1224:
1183:
1176:
1158:
1140:
1109:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1069:William Harvey
1000:Ancient Greeks
989:
986:
984:is necessary.
970:iatrogenically
853:blood pressure
849:left ventricle
829:
826:
795:Main article:
792:
789:
721:Main article:
718:
715:
703:blood pressure
632:cardiac output
603:blood pressure
548:Main article:
544:
543:
458:
456:
449:
432:
429:
415:Vasculogenesis
406:
403:
371:elastic tissue
355:elastic tissue
338:tunica externa
258:
255:
206:away from the
179:
178:
169:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6098:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5673:femoral canal
5669:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5604:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5590:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5388:median artery
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5380:Median artery
5377:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Radial artery
5280:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:cubital fossa
5228:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5026:Median sacral
5023:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4990:Corona mortis
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:Bulb of penis
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4790:Middle rectal
4787:
4781:
4780:Corona mortis
4778:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Lumbar branch
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4388:
4387:supraduodenal
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Right gastric
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4173:
4172:Deep cervical
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Carotid sinus
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3965:
3964:Left marginal
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:Left coronary
3945:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:deep cervical
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3764:suprascapular
3761:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:ocular group:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3375:carotid sinus
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:deep temporal
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:lateral nasal
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2884:head and neck
2881:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Rete mirabile
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Vasa nervorum
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:Tunica intima
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Venous plexus
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Vena comitans
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Biliary tract
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2067:Mammary gland
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Fibrous joint
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:Human systems
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:Bertazzo, S.
1485:
1482:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1247:0-13-981176-1
1243:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1203:(5): 576–88.
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1177:9780323427913
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:Alexis Carrel
1072:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
889:stroke volume
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:smooth muscle
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
840:on an artery.
839:
834:
827:
825:
822:
820:
816:
815:smooth muscle
812:
808:
804:
798:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
734:
729:
724:
716:
714:
712:
708:
707:smooth muscle
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:that carries
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:heart relaxes
612:
608:
607:cardiac cycle
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:. They carry
557:
551:
540:
537:
529:
518:
515:
511:
508:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
487: –
486:
482:
481:Find sources:
475:
471:
465:
464:
459:This section
457:
453:
448:
447:
442:
437:
430:
428:
426:
422:
416:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:tunica intima
380:
376:
373:(also called
372:
368:
367:smooth muscle
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
327:
326:tunica intima
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:gross anatomy
280:
279:Arterial tree
271:
263:
256:
254:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
174:
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
106:
104:
100:
97:
95:
90:
88:
84:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
62:
55:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
6028:plantar arch
6018:deep plantar
5935:
5883:
5652:
5609:
5458:wrist/carpus
5412:
5398:Ulnar artery
5307:wrist/carpus
5260:
5079:
5006:
4756:Pubic branch
4692:Iliac branch
4654:Common iliac
4520:Middle colic
4508:appendicular
4503:ileal branch
4329:Left gastric
4274:
4215:
4195:
4155:
4141:
4115:
4086:Carotid body
3946:
3909:
3849:
3666:
3648:
3644:labyrinthine
3620:
3499:
3467:
3466:
3461:dorsal nasal
3453:supraorbital
3448:
3420:
3297:infraorbital
3252:
3119:stylomastoid
3052:nasal septum
3038:
3016:
2994:deep lingual
2910:sup. thyroid
2879:
2803:Vasa vasorum
2793:Tunica media
2758:Microanatomy
2689:
2527:Metarteriole
2508:
2489:
2270:
2238:
2211:
1963:
1946:
1929:
1894:
1889:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1559:. Retrieved
1537:
1533:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1463:
1453:, retrieved
1439:
1429:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1235:
1227:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1167:
1161:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1107:, on Perseus
1104:
1096:
1073:
1067:
1048:
1035:
1011:
1007:
997:
967:
908:
896:blood squirt
893:
843:
823:
800:
753:aortic valve
743:is the root
738:
684:
647:
644:
623:radial pulse
600:
553:
532:
523:
513:
506:
499:
492:
480:
468:Please help
463:verification
460:
418:
411:Angiogenesis
382:
374:
363:tunica media
362:
359:vasa vasorum
346:
342:
336:
332:tunica media
330:
324:
321:
293:microanatomy
282:
248:
243:
200:blood vessel
195:
192:
184:
182:
136:A12.2.00.001
132:A12.0.00.003
107:
91:
5797:perforating
5756:superficial
5630:cremasteric
4515:Right colic
4209:Mediastinal
4027:Aortic arch
4017:Aortic body
3997:Aortic arch
3500:hypophysial
3282:3rd part /
3243:2nd part /
3195:1st part /
2781:Endothelium
2766:Microvessel
2729:Right heart
2714:Right heart
2698:Capillaries
2560:Fenestrated
2544:Capillaries
2438:Parathyroid
2138:Nasopharynx
2000:Spinal cord
1935:Bone marrow
1704:Collar bone
1387:: e808353.
1010:. The word
1004:Hippocrates
974:paresthesia
955:fatty acids
939:endothelium
923:cholesterol
919:lipoprotein
911:blood sugar
803:capillaries
797:Capillaries
791:Capillaries
765:capillaries
711:capillaries
695:capillaries
680:capillaries
405:Development
353:fibers and
244:artery wall
96:: arteriae)
81:Identifiers
6070:Categories
5785:transverse
5780:descending
5766:acetabular
5751:descending
4679:Iliolumbar
4627:Left colic
4537:Suprarenal
4476:vasa recta
4456:Intestinal
4204:Esophageal
4186:Descending
4108:subclavian
3719:pharyngeal
3709:esophageal
3649:cerebellar
3413:ophthalmic
3340:pharyngeal
3267:masseteric
3197:mandibular
3101:descending
2999:sublingual
2984:suprahyoid
2745:Left heart
2694:Arterioles
2682:Left heart
2565:Sinusoidal
2555:Continuous
2217:Oropharynx
1957:Lymph node
1890:peripheral
1736:Metatarsus
1731:Metacarpus
1710:Thigh bone
1706:(clavicle)
1455:2023-11-17
1089:References
1024:Empedocles
1020:Herophilos
998:Among the
982:amputation
904:blood loss
863:; 13
859:(1.9
787:arteries.
783:, and the
761:arterioles
757:arterioles
699:Arterioles
691:arterioles
676:arterioles
665:oxygenated
655:), of the
640:arterioles
627:Arterioles
496:newspapers
301:human body
297:microscope
277:See also:
187:(from
6076:Angiology
5905:posterior
5830:Genicular
5821:Popliteal
5790:ascending
5746:ascending
5614:human leg
5440:posterior
5423:posterior
5084:human arm
4927:vestibule
4743:Obturator
4483:Ileocolic
4291:Abdominal
4224:Subcostal
4216:parietal:
4199:Bronchial
4196:visceral:
3625:posterior
3616:meningeal
3408:cavernous
3263:pterygoid
3245:pterygoid
3187:maxillary
3134:occipital
3129:auricular
3124:stapedial
3096:auricular
3091:occipital
3086:meningeal
3073:occipital
3033:glandular
3029:submental
3025:tonsillar
2723:Pulmonary
2710:Vena cava
2605:Deep vein
2522:Arteriole
2423:Pituitary
2272:accessory
2227:Esophagus
1947:secondary
1859:Diaphragm
1803:Cartilage
1751:Phalanges
1561:25 August
1403:2090-0384
1344:1664-042X
1303:227282958
1287:0031-9333
1063:ligaments
1028:capillary
885:diastolic
811:diffusion
749:ventricle
425:ephrin B2
287:, at the
257:Structure
196:(artēríā)
92:arteria (
5910:anterior
5610:Arteries
5435:anterior
5418:anterior
5271:inferior
5266:superior
5222:Brachial
5170:3rd part
5127:2nd part
5111:1st part
5100:Shoulder
5092:Axillary
5080:Arteries
4942:helicine
4932:Urethral
4906:Perineal
4632:Marginal
4568:Ureteral
4525:Marginal
4275:Arteries
4142:terminal
3985:Sections
3923:AV nodal
3918:SA nodal
3850:Arteries
3704:tracheal
3667:cerebral
3629:anterior
3508:inferior
3504:superior
3489:anterior
3449:terminal
3434:lacrimal
3367:cervical
3223:petrosal
3177:parietal
2880:Arteries
2690:Arteries
2676:Systemic
2509:Arteries
2490:Arteries
2403:Placenta
2366:Testicle
2361:Prostate
2288:Pancreas
2249:Appendix
2239:lower GI
2212:upper GI
2160:Bronchus
2103:Lymphoid
1786:Vertebra
1741:Ossicles
1726:Mandible
1556:15945530
1421:23970958
1362:22934037
1295:33270533
1219:19286613
1016:windpipe
978:necrosis
947:atheroma
881:systolic
845:Systemic
745:systemic
526:May 2024
485:"Artery"
431:Function
395:collagen
379:collagen
351:collagen
240:placenta
218:are the
18:Arteries
6001:arcuate
5944:lateral
5925:lateral
5865:lateral
5846:lateral
5663:Femoral
5612:of the
5406:forearm
5291:forearm
5233:before
5082:of the
5002:Femoral
4855:Vaginal
4822:Arcuate
4813:Uterine
4639:Sigmoid
4578:Gonadal
4471:arcades
4461:jejunal
4412:greater
4399:Splenic
4279:abdomen
4277:of the
3852:of the
3639:pontine
3635:basilar
3477:ciliary
3385:petrous
3172:frontal
3062:angular
2976:lingual
2882:of the
2702:Venules
2501:Vessels
2443:Adrenal
2433:Thyroid
2351:Scrotum
2328:Urethra
2323:Bladder
2232:Stomach
2155:Trachea
2091:Myeloid
1930:primary
1796:Sternum
1746:Patella
1721:Humerus
1712:(femur)
1412:3736482
1353:3429057
1328:: 284.
1101:ἀρτηρία
1059:trachea
1044:trachea
1012:arteria
1008:phlebes
1002:before
988:History
959:calcium
935:smoking
851:. High
769:venules
763:supply
510:scholar
391:elastin
369:cells,
343:externa
315:to the
234:in the
222:in the
210:in the
198:) is a
194:ἀρτηρία
120:D001158
108:ἀρτηρία
64:Details
5994:Arches
5940:medial
5936:tarsal
5920:medial
5861:medial
5842:medial
4842:Spiral
4601:Lumbar
4417:dorsal
4360:cystic
4320:Celiac
4283:pelvis
4127:Thymic
3928:Atrial
3621:spinal
3393:Vidian
3273:buccal
3009:facial
2625:Venule
2551:Types
2428:Pineal
2388:Vagina
2383:Uterus
2378:Female
2318:Ureter
2313:Kidney
2259:Rectum
2195:Tongue
2143:Larynx
2062:Breast
2034:Tissue
1952:Spleen
1940:Thymus
1895:Artery
1854:Tendon
1849:Muscle
1813:Joints
1791:Pelvis
1766:Tarsus
1756:Radius
1716:Fibula
1699:Carpus
1669:organs
1554:
1490:et al.
1446:
1419:
1409:
1401:
1360:
1350:
1342:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1244:
1217:
1174:
1061:, and
1036:pneuma
951:lipids
931:stress
779:, the
759:. The
634:) and
512:
505:
498:
491:
483:
377:) and
335:, and
291:, and
185:artery
94:plural
70:System
47:Artery
5876:Sural
4555:Renal
4488:colic
4466:ileal
4293:aorta
4188:aorta
3977:Aorta
3898:Heart
3877:Right
3865:Lungs
3858:chest
3854:torso
3519:brain
2737:Lungs
2706:Veins
2686:Aorta
2648:Lymph
2635:Lymph
2587:Veins
2494:veins
2398:Ovary
2393:Vulva
2356:Penis
2278:Liver
2254:Colon
2205:Tooth
2185:Mouth
2150:Lower
2128:Upper
2005:Nerve
1995:Brain
1912:Heart
1771:Tibia
1761:Skull
1474:3 Feb
1299:S2CID
1055:Galen
1051:veins
741:aorta
733:aorta
723:Aorta
717:Aorta
687:aorta
668:blood
619:pulse
592:lungs
580:veins
576:lungs
564:heart
560:blood
517:JSTOR
503:books
399:lumen
393:rich
317:lungs
313:heart
251:veins
228:lungs
208:heart
191:
189:Greek
171:[
160:50720
103:Greek
87:Latin
5761:deep
5632:♂ /
5342:hand
5007:see
4857:♀ /
4800:♀ /
4281:and
4106:Left
4064:Left
3882:Left
3856:and
3661:PICA
3653:AICA
2492:and
2346:Male
2264:Anus
2165:Lung
2133:Nose
2081:and
2052:Skin
1900:Vein
1776:Ulna
1694:Bone
1667:and
1563:2014
1552:PMID
1476:2003
1444:ISBN
1417:PMID
1399:ISSN
1385:2013
1358:PMID
1340:ISSN
1291:PMID
1283:ISSN
1242:ISBN
1215:PMID
1172:ISBN
1040:soul
976:and
933:and
883:and
857:mmHg
801:The
739:The
731:The
672:body
489:news
413:and
148:3896
127:TA98
115:MeSH
5671:In
5230:Arm
3671:PCA
3657:SCA
3599:ScA
3550:MCA
3532:ACA
3358:ICA
2901:ECA
2892:CCA
2743:→ (
2712:→ (
2200:Lip
2022:Eye
2017:Ear
1781:Rib
1616:50.
1542:doi
1407:PMC
1389:doi
1348:PMC
1330:doi
1275:doi
1271:101
1205:doi
1201:104
1131:doi
957:),
917:),
900:cut
865:kPa
861:psi
472:by
183:An
155:FMA
143:TA2
6072::
5942:,
5934::
5863:,
5844:,
4148:,
3659:,
3655:,
3637::
3627:,
3568:,
3564:,
3560:,
3556:,
3542:,
3538:,
3506:,
3487:,
3483:,
3459:,
3455:,
3332:,
3313:,
3265:,
3261:,
3221:,
3050:/
3031:,
3027:,
3023:,
2739:→
2735:→
2731:→
2708:→
2704:→
2700:→
2696:→
2692:→
2688:→
2684:→
1565:.
1550:.
1538:80
1536:.
1532:.
1513:12
1497:12
1438:,
1415:.
1405:.
1397:.
1383:.
1379:.
1356:.
1346:.
1338:.
1324:.
1320:.
1297:.
1289:.
1281:.
1269:.
1265:.
1213:.
1199:.
1195:.
1143:^
1127:39
1125:.
1121:.
1018:.
965:.
929:,
925:,
921:,
894:A
697:.
625:.
566:.
427:.
401:.
329:,
319:.
5946:)
5938:(
5867:)
5859:(
5848:)
5840:(
5703:♂
5636:♀
5602:e
5595:t
5588:v
5072:e
5065:t
5058:v
4925:/
4861:♂
4815:♀
4804:♂
4267:e
4260:t
4253:v
4168:)
4164:(
4159::
4152:)
4144:(
4119::
3966:)
3962:(
3950::
3913::
3888:)
3884:(
3842:e
3835:t
3828:v
3673:)
3669:(
3663:)
3651:(
3631:)
3623:(
3572:)
3552:(
3546:)
3534:(
3510:)
3502:(
3491:)
3479:(
3463:)
3451:(
3440:)
3436:(
3410:/
3336:)
3328:(
3317:)
3309:(
3303:)
3299:(
3269:)
3257:(
3225:)
3217:(
3163:)
3159:(
3064:)
3041:(
3035:)
3019:(
2872:e
2865:t
2858:v
2747:)
2716:)
2482:e
2475:t
2468:v
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1544::
1478:.
1423:.
1391::
1364:.
1332::
1326:3
1305:.
1277::
1250:.
1221:.
1207::
1180:.
1155:.
1137:.
1133::
630:(
539:)
533:(
528:)
524:(
514:·
507:·
500:·
493:·
466:.
175:]
41:.
34:.
20:)
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