1076:
1201:
1233:
70:
1668:
927:
44:
2218:
1056:
1643:(the most common species) infections are primary pulmonary infections and can potentially become a rapidly necrotizing pneumonia with a potential to disseminate. The organism can be differentiated from other common mold infections based on the fact that it takes on a mold form both in the environment and in the host (unlike
1474:, a heterothallic (outcrossing) fungus that occurs in areas with widely different climates and environments, also displays little genetic variability either within geographic regions or on a global scale, again suggesting sex, in this case outcrossing sex, can be maintained even when little genetic variability is produced.
1455:, a homothallic fungus, is capable of self-fertilization. Selfing involves activation of the same mating pathways characteristic of sex in outcrossing species, i.e. self-fertilization does not bypass required pathways for outcrossing sex, but instead requires activation of these pathways within a single individual.
1094:
are important medically and commercially. Some species can cause infection in humans and other animals. Some infections found in animals have been studied for years, while other species found in animals have been described as new and specific to the investigated disease, and others have been known as
1749:
infections from
Aspergillus spores remain one theory of sickness and untimely death of some early Egyptologists and tomb explorers. Ancient spores which grew on the remains of food offerings and mummies sealed in tombs and chambers may have been blown around and inhaled by the excavators, ultimately
1492:
in
December 2005 established the genus as the leading filamentous fungal genus for comparative genomic studies. Like most major genome projects, these efforts were collaborations between a large sequencing centre and the respective community of scientists. For example, the Institute for Genome
1356:
fungi) in which both nuclei are derived from the same individual. In recent years, sexual cycles have been discovered in numerous species previously thought to be asexual. These discoveries reflect recent experimental focus on species of particular relevance to humans.
1192:. In this way, the most important parameters can be strictly controlled, and maximal productivity can be achieved. This process also makes it far easier to separate the chemical or enzyme of importance from the medium, and is therefore far more cost-effective.
1527:
is characterized by high levels of genetic diversity and, using protostome divergence as a scale, is as diverse as the
Vertebrates phylum although both inter and intra-specific genome structure is relatively plastic. The genomes of some
2101:
1506:
1548:. Several mechanisms could explain this difference, although the combination of segmental duplication, genome duplication, and horizontal gene transfer acting in a piecemeal fashion is well-supported.
2232:
Toma, Maria Afroz; Nazir, K. H. M. Nazmul
Hussain; Mahmud, Md Muket; Mishra, Pravin; Ali, Md Kowser; Kabir, Ajran; Shahid, Md Ahosanul Haque; Siddique, Mahbubul Pratik; Alim, Md Abdul (2021).
2213:, Fenical, William; Jensen, Paul R. & Cheng, Xing C., "Halimide, a cytotoxic marine natural product, and derivatives thereof", published 2000-05-30, assigned to
1692:. The symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, or breathlessness, which also occur in many other illnesses, so diagnosis can be difficult. Usually, only patients with already weakened
3204:
Du C, Lin SK, Koutinas A, Wang R, Dorado P, Webb C (November 2008). "A wheat biorefining strategy based on solid-state fermentation for fermentative production of succinic acid".
1188:. In these instances, the culture is rarely grown on a solid substrate, although this is still common practice in Japan, but is more often grown as a submerged culture in a
2301:
2376:
3540:
3423:
2214:
1075:
1344:
Of the 250 species of aspergilli, about 64% have no known sexual state. However, many of these species likely have an as yet unidentified sexual stage.
1103:
species are medically relevant pathogens. For humans, a range of diseases such as infection to the external ear, skin lesions, and ulcers classed as
3488:
2186:
3027:
2894:
1899:
2138:
807:
is used in the chemical industry for a variety of applications, while also being a known food contaminant and a possible pathogen to humans.
1426:
is commonly used in industry to produce important organic acids and enzymes, and was the initial source for the cholesterol-lowering drug
3250:
Zirbes JM, Milla CE (June 2008). "Steroid-sparing effect of omalizumab for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and cystic fibrosis".
3243:
Recent
Advances New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Aspergillus System Properties and Applications
2435:
O'Gorman CM, Fuller H, Dyer PS (January 2009). "Discovery of a sexual cycle in the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus".
1434:
was found to be capable of sexual reproduction when strains of opposite mating types were crossed under appropriate culture conditions.
2835:"Low genetic variation and no detectable population structure in aspergillus fumigatus compared to closely related Neosartorya species"
2234:"Isolation and Identification of Natural Colorant Producing Soil-Borne Aspergillus niger from Bangladesh and Extraction of the Pigment"
1462:
species that exhibit a sexual cycle, the overwhelming majority in nature are homothallic (self-fertilizing). This observation suggests
3088:
3124:
Di Paolo N, Guarnieri A, Garosi G, Sacchi G, Mangiarotti AM, Di Paolo M (1994). "Inhaled mycotoxins lead to acute renal failure".
3589:
2283:
963:
Members of the genus possess the ability to grow where a high osmotic pressure exists (high concentration of sugar, salt, etc.).
3632:
1200:
3627:
3043:
387:
3308:
2368:
1151:
spp. are known to produce anthraquinone which has commercial importance due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
1006:
where they are capable of growing in nutrient-depleted environments, or environments with a complete lack of key nutrients.
1987:
Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie CM, Yulmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, Kraak B, Hubka V, Bensch K, Samson RA, Frisvad JC (2020).
975:
on the surface of a substrate, as a result of the high oxygen tension. Commonly, fungi grow on carbon-rich substrates like
3527:
1509:. The Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy has released sequence data for a citric acid-producing strain of
2296:
1241:
995:
species are common contaminants of starchy foods (such as bread and potatoes), and grow in or on many plants and trees.
1603:
which is both a toxin and a carcinogen, and which can contaminate foods such as nuts. The most common species causing
1120:), rather than from grapes or malted barley. Typical microorganisms used to make alcohol, such as yeasts of the genus
1084:
753:
168:
1110:
Other species are important in commercial microbial fermentations. For example, alcoholic beverages such as
Japanese
69:
2198:...to make soy sauce, first you add aspergillus mold to the soy beans and grains to produce a mixture called koji.
3545:
1514:
3622:
3315:
1304:
532:
199:
2400:
Dyer PS, O'Gorman CM (December 2011). "A fungal sexual revolution: Aspergillus and
Penicillium show the way".
2106:
1707:
Acute invasive aspergillosis, a form that grows into surrounding tissue, more common in those with weakened
897:
840:
3376:
1790:
417:
270:
3576:
1751:
1688:
1589:
1320:
1029:
779:
543:
406:
240:
3185:
2689:
2583:
2487:
421:
2210:
3617:
3594:
3555:
3449:
3213:
2972:
2748:
2642:
2631:"An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas vaginalis"
2444:
1810:
1613:
1408:
1298:
1248:
1210:
795:
728:
714:
304:
148:
2323:
Wortman JR, Gilsenan JM, Joardar V, Deegan J, Clutterbuck J, Andersen MR, et al. (March 2009).
2178:
1840:
3480:
3339:
1467:
1352:
fungi) in which two different individuals contribute nuclei, and self-fertilization or selfing (in
1345:
1292:
835:
335:
152:
3361:
3303:
1722:
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, which affects patients with respiratory diseases such as
1232:
914:
735:
species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of
3275:
3037:
2774:
2717:
2611:
2515:
2468:
2128:
1785:
1634:
1595:
1314:
1286:
1220:
1164:; this organism accounts for over 99% of global citric acid production, or more than 1.4 million
1132:
811:
767:
323:
180:
64:
3581:
3294:
597:
3154:
1757:
Aspergillosis of the air passages is also frequently reported in birds, and certain species of
3563:
3436:
3267:
3229:
3133:
3066:
3023:
3000:
2941:
2890:
2864:
2815:
2766:
2737:"Mating type and the genetic basis of self-fertility in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans"
2709:
2670:
2603:
2564:
2507:
2460:
2417:
2350:
2265:
2083:
2034:
1969:
1932:
1895:
1862:
1156:
1096:
1008:
888:
803:
448:
56:
3414:
3568:
3259:
3221:
2990:
2980:
2931:
2923:
2854:
2846:
2805:
2756:
2701:
2660:
2650:
2595:
2554:
2546:
2499:
2452:
2409:
2340:
2332:
2255:
2245:
2073:
2065:
2024:
2016:
1959:
1924:
1852:
1818:
1769:
1683:
1650:
1645:
1587:
species cause serious disease in humans and animals. The most common pathogenic species are
1488:
1371:
was shown to have a heterothallic, fully functional sexual cycle. Isolates of complementary
1364:
1257:
1144:
968:
906:
861:
788:
658:
346:
1915:
Geiser DM (2009). "Sexual structures in
Aspergillus: morphology, importance and genomics".
1012:
is a prime example of this; it can be found growing on damp walls, as a major component of
3365:
3343:
3298:
2372:
1727:
1396:, causing aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. In 2009, a sexual state of this
1273:
1177:
1140:
984:
3217:
3084:
2976:
2752:
2735:
Paoletti M, Seymour FA, Alcocer MJ, Kaur N, Calvo AM, Archer DB, Dyer PS (August 2007).
2646:
2448:
1667:
3475:
2995:
2960:
2936:
2911:
2859:
2834:
2665:
2630:
2559:
2535:"Discovery of a sexual cycle in Aspergillus lentulus, a close relative of A. fumigatus"
2534:
2345:
2324:
2260:
2233:
2029:
1988:
1413:
1386:
976:
131:
111:
3331:
2794:"Sexual development and cryptic sexuality in fungi: insights from Aspergillus species"
926:
3611:
3428:
2810:
2793:
2133:
2078:
2053:
1773:
1708:
1693:
1675:
1662:
1397:
1349:
1261:
1122:
944:
fungi—that is, fungi in an asexual state. Some of them, however, are known to have a
784:
772:
3279:
2778:
2721:
2519:
1857:
43:
3225:
2615:
2472:
2325:"The 2008 update of the Aspergillus nidulans genome annotation: a community effort"
1736:
1716:
1038:
3441:
1033:, will readily colonise buildings, favouring warm and damp or humid areas such as
971:
and are found in almost all oxygen-rich environments, where they commonly grow as
2985:
2655:
2020:
1964:
1951:
3532:
3501:
3408:
2850:
1742:
Disseminated invasive aspergillosis, an infection spread widely through the body
1412:
is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis with high
1401:
1372:
1353:
1215:
1161:
719:
717:. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an
502:
1348:
occurs in two fundamentally different ways in fungi. These are outcrossing (in
3241:
Soltani J (2016). "Secondary
Metabolite Diversity of the Genus Aspergillus.".
2927:
2761:
2736:
2413:
2336:
1928:
1427:
1328:
is hardly ever pathogenic, but is very closely related to the common pathogen
1189:
1104:
1003:
957:
949:
945:
879:
870:
121:
101:
3399:
2584:"Sexual reproduction in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus terreus"
762:
covered 837 species of fungi. Notable species placed in Aspergillus include:
3462:
2629:
Malik SB, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM (August 2007).
2005:): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species"
1731:
1626:
1600:
1446:
1442:
1389:
828:
229:
81:
3327:
FungiDB: An integrated functional genomics database for fungi and oomycetes
3271:
3233:
3070:
3004:
2945:
2868:
2819:
2770:
2713:
2674:
2607:
2568:
2511:
2464:
2421:
2354:
2269:
2087:
2038:
1973:
1936:
1866:
739:
are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
3137:
2250:
17:
3514:
3393:
3022:. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2069:
1604:
1441:
species are consistent with accumulating evidence, from studies of other
1393:
1181:
1034:
857:
817:
51:
2550:
2456:
1952:"Naming Aspergillus species: progress towards one name for each species"
1055:
771:
is a notable plant pathogen impacting crop yields and a common cause of
3493:
3263:
1185:
1173:
988:
980:
941:
376:
259:
3506:
1256:) has been used as a research organism for many years and was used by
1746:
1723:
1420:
was found to have a heterothallic functional sexual breeding system.
1269:
1117:
1068:
1013:
627:
570:
289:
91:
3370:
3186:"Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Related Species Reported from Turkey"
3519:
3467:
3321:
2705:
2599:
2503:
1445:
species, that sex was likely present in the common ancestor of all
3155:"Aspergillosis | Types of Fungal Diseases | Fungal Diseases | CDC"
1666:
1622:
1280:
species have had their genomes sequenced: the industrially useful
1231:
1199:
1165:
1074:
1054:
925:
727:(to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an
700:
608:
491:
365:
300:
218:
3348:
1392:
in crops worldwide. It is also an opportunistic human and animal
713:
was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist
1815:
P. Micheli ex Haller, Hist. stirp. Helv. (Bernae) 3: 113 (1768)"
1739:, a "fungus ball" that can form within cavities such as the lung
1712:
1697:
1563:, while the numbers of predicted genes vary from about 9926 for
1507:
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
1112:
972:
823:
704:
521:
3374:
1172:
is also commonly used for the production of native and foreign
3454:
1376:
1214:
laboratory strain; a similar strain with a mutation in the yA
1136:
is used to first break down the starches into simpler sugars.
839:
is used in the production of organic acids but can also cause
673:
2533:
Swilaiman SS, O'Gorman CM, Balajee SA, Dyer PS (July 2013).
1116:
are often made from rice or other starchy ingredients (like
2179:"Are You Using The Right Soy Sauce? Here's How To Find Out"
1540:, are more rich and around 20% larger than others, such as
688:
2961:"Elusive origins of the extra genes in Aspergillus oryzae"
679:
1617:. Other species are important as agricultural pathogens.
998:
In addition to growth on carbon sources, many species of
682:
664:
3336:
3111:
Current diagnosis & treatment in infectious diseases
799:
has seen heavy use as research organism in cell biology.
3358:
3312:
surveillance project at a large tertiary-care hospital.
3057:
Bozkurt MK, Ozçelik T, Saydam L, Kutluay L (2008). "".
1839:
Andrade-Filho Jde S, Pena GP (September–October 2010).
2912:"The function and evolution of the Aspergillus genome"
3326:
1404:
were cultured together under appropriate conditions.
691:
667:
661:
2959:
Khaldi N, Wolfe KH (August 2008). Gadagkar S (ed.).
821:
are used in East Asian cuisine in the production of
685:
670:
3383:
1621:spp. cause disease on many grain crops, especially
1571:. The genome size of an enzyme-producing strain of
1400:fungus was found to arise when strains of opposite
860:of which many are further split into a total of 27
676:
3032:; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh.
1768:into their lungs everyday, but generally only the
1653:mold in the environment and a yeast in the body).
1466:species can generally maintain sex though little
2166:. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company.
1332:; it was sequenced in part to better understand
1268:was one of the pioneering organisms to have its
1470:is produced by homothallic self-fertilization.
1363:is the most common species to cause disease in
2833:Rydholm C, Szakacs G, Lutzoni F (April 2006).
952:. With DNA evidence, all members of the genus
1883:Bennett JW (2010). "An Overview of the Genus
1517:, is currently spearheading a project on the
707:species found in various climates worldwide.
8:
1126:, cannot ferment these starches. Therefore,
3109:Wilson WR, Sande MA, Drew WL, eds. (2001).
2488:"Sexual reproduction in Aspergillus flavus"
2215:The Regents of the University of California
1878:
1876:
1841:"Analogies in medicine: fungus and liturgy"
1703:In humans, the major forms of disease are:
1095:names already in use for organisms such as
3371:
42:
31:
2994:
2984:
2935:
2858:
2809:
2760:
2690:"Evolution of fungal sexual reproduction"
2664:
2654:
2558:
2344:
2284:"GRAS Notification for Acid Lactase from
2259:
2249:
2077:
2054:"Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis"
2028:
1963:
1856:
1139:Members of the genus are also sources of
2369:"Descriptions – Aspergillus Comparative"
2395:
2393:
2157:
2155:
1802:
193:
3035:
1551:Genome sizes for sequenced species of
1501:was sequenced at the Broad Institute.
1482:The simultaneous publication of three
1208:colonies. Clockwise from top-left: an
731:spore-forming structure common to all
650:
3349:The Aspergillus/Aspergillosis Website
3149:
3147:
3126:Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
2792:Dyer PS, O'Gorman CM (January 2012).
2486:Horn BW, Moore GG, Carbone I (2009).
2379:from the original on 22 November 2009
2129:"Pillows: A Hot Bed Of Fungal Spores"
7:
3556:1bfc8158-32e7-483e-8980-07dfef183a6a
3355:for patients, doctors and scientists
3297:Comparative genomic resource at the
2910:Gibbons JG, Rokas A (January 2013).
1575:is of intermediate size at 33.9 Mb.
1240:taken at 235 magnifications under a
1168:(>1.5 million US tons) per year.
3322:Central Aspergillus Data Repository
2688:Heitman J, Sun S, James TY (2013).
1761:have been known to infect insects.
1678:is the group of diseases caused by
1218:involved in green pigmentation; an
1154:Perhaps the largest application of
723:(holy water sprinkler), from Latin
3304:Aspergillus Genome Resources (NIH)
3113:. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
1047:are found in millions of pillows.
831:and other fermented food products.
440:J.N.Rai & H.J.Chowdhery (1976)
398:B.J.Wiley & E.G.Simmons (1973)
25:
3059:Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi
2582:Arabatzis M, Velegraki A (2013).
1686:associated with aspergillosis is
1224:strain used in soy fermentation;
3359:The Fungal Genetics Stock Center
3295:Aspergillus Comparative Database
2887:: Molecular Biology and Genomics
2882:Machida M, Gomi K, eds. (2010).
2811:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00308.x
1892:: Molecular Biology and Genomics
1682:. The most common species among
1493:Research (TIGR) worked with the
1272:sequenced by researchers at the
1067:spp. and other fungi growing in
657:
68:
3337:The Aspergillus Genome Database
3091:from the original on 2014-02-23
2402:Current Opinion in Microbiology
2304:from the original on 2016-03-23
2189:from the original on 2017-08-06
2141:from the original on 2017-10-08
1858:10.1590/s0036-46652010000500014
1625:, and some variants synthesize
562:Rajendran & Muthappa (1980)
3226:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.019
3184:Asan A. (February 10, 2015) .
1505:was sequenced in Japan at the
1276:. As of 2008, a further seven
856:is currently divided into six
703:consisting of several hundred
513:Subram. & Rajendran (1976)
281:E.Yuill & J.L.Yuill (1938)
1:
2331:. 46. 46 Suppl 1 (1): S2-13.
2058:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1555:range from about 29.3 Mb for
2986:10.1371/journal.pone.0003036
2656:10.1371/journal.pone.0002879
2297:Food and Drug Administration
2021:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002
1965:10.3109/13693786.2010.504753
1950:Hawksworth DL (April 2011).
1750:linked to the notion of the
1700:conditions are susceptible.
1242:scanning electron microscope
783:is the most common cause of
2851:10.1128/EC.5.4.650-657.2006
2329:Fungal Genetics and Biology
2177:Spiegel A (April 8, 2014).
1845:Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
1085:Botanical Museum Greifswald
754:List of Aspergillus species
3649:
3042:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2889:. Caister Academic Press.
1958:. 49 Suppl 1 (S1): S70-6.
1894:. Caister Academic Press.
1684:paranasal sinus infections
1660:
1160:is as the major source of
1145:development of medications
956:are members of the phylum
751:
2928:10.1016/j.tim.2012.09.005
2798:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
2762:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.012
2414:10.1016/j.mib.2011.10.001
2337:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.12.003
2162:Thom C, Church M (1926).
2102:"What are fungal spores?"
1929:10.1080/13693780802139859
1811:"Synonymy. Current Name:
1515:J. Craig Venter Institute
1385:is the major producer of
940:is defined as a group of
874:, divided in 10 sections.
589:Malloch & Cain (1973)
475:Malloch & Cain (1973)
459:Malloch & Cain (1973)
432:Malloch & Cain (1973)
186:
179:
165:
160:
65:Scientific classification
63:
50:
41:
34:
1513:. TIGR, now renamed the
1147:to treat human disease.
1143:that can be used in the
901:, divided in 2 sections.
892:, divided in 4 sections.
883:, divided in 9 sections.
841:opportunistic infections
315:Fort & Guarro (1984)
3020:Manual of neonatal care
2107:University of Worcester
2052:Latgé JP (April 1999).
1671:Pulmonary aspergillosis
1629:, including aflatoxin.
922:Growth and distribution
787:in individuals with an
3633:Taxa described in 1768
3206:Bioresource Technology
2916:Trends in Microbiology
1791:Sick building syndrome
1672:
1486:genome manuscripts in
1244:
1229:
1087:
1072:
948:(sexual state) in the
934:
912:Subgenus and section
3628:Eurotiomycetes genera
3577:Paleobiology Database
3252:Pediatric Pulmonology
2251:10.3390/foods10061280
1752:curse of the pharaohs
1670:
1235:
1203:
1078:
1058:
1051:Commercial importance
933:on a tomato in detail
929:
904:Subgenus and section
780:Aspergillus fumigatus
2070:10.1128/CMR.12.2.310
2001:and related genera (
1696:or who suffer other
1567:to about 12,071 for
1437:These findings with
1310:Neosartorya fischeri
1296:, and the pathogens
1264:in fungi. Recently,
1079:Historical model of
852:The expansive genus
796:Aspergillus nidulans
715:Pier Antonio Micheli
3351:An encyclopedia of
3245:. pp. 275–292.
3218:2008BiTec..99.8310D
3132:(Suppl 4): 116–20.
3018:Cloherty J (2012).
2977:2008PLoSO...3.3036K
2753:2007CBio...17.1384P
2647:2008PLoSO...3.2879M
2551:10.1128/EC.00040-13
2457:10.1038/nature07528
2449:2009Natur.457..471O
2183:The Huffington Post
2009:Studies in Mycology
1989:"Classification of
1764:Most people inhale
1635:neonatal infections
1468:genetic variability
1346:Sexual reproduction
1340:Sexual reproduction
1254:Emericella nidulans
1204:Four three-day-old
1019:Several species of
967:species are highly
836:Aspergillus terreus
3364:2006-10-01 at the
3342:2021-05-25 at the
3264:10.1002/ppul.20804
2286:Aspergillus oryzae
1923:(Suppl 1): S21-6.
1786:Mold health issues
1770:immuno-compromised
1673:
1245:
1230:
1133:Aspergillus oryzae
1088:
1073:
935:
812:Aspergillus oryzae
768:Aspergillus flavus
554:R.S.Dwivedi (1960)
3605:
3604:
3564:Open Tree of Life
3377:Taxon identifiers
3029:978-1-60831-777-6
2896:978-1-904455-53-0
2290:Aspergillus niger
1901:978-1-904455-53-0
1772:become sick with
1599:, which produces
1532:species, such as
1375:are required for
1367:humans. In 2009,
1157:Aspergillus niger
1009:Aspergillus niger
804:Aspergillus niger
646:
645:
156:
57:Aspergillus niger
16:(Redirected from
3640:
3598:
3597:
3585:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3533:NHMSYS0020989753
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3372:
3283:
3246:
3237:
3200:
3190:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1956:Medical Mycology
1947:
1941:
1940:
1917:Medical Mycology
1912:
1906:
1905:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1819:Species Fungorum
1807:
1646:Candida albicans
1258:Guido Pontecorvo
1141:natural products
789:immunodeficiency
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
652:
639:
631:
620:
616:Syncleistostroma
612:
601:
594:Sterigmatocystis
590:
582:
574:
563:
555:
547:
536:
525:
514:
506:
495:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
441:
433:
425:
410:
399:
391:
380:
369:
358:
350:
339:
327:
316:
308:
293:
282:
274:
263:
252:
244:
233:
222:
211:
203:
147:
73:
72:
46:
32:
21:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3623:Parasitic fungi
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3593:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3567:
3562:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3466:
3461:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3379:
3366:Wayback Machine
3344:Wayback Machine
3332:Mold and Mildew
3299:Broad Institute
3291:
3286:
3249:
3240:
3203:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3177:Further reading
3174:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3092:
3085:"Aspergillosis"
3083:
3082:
3078:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3034:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3012:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2839:Eukaryotic Cell
2832:
2831:
2827:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2741:Current Biology
2734:
2733:
2729:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2539:Eukaryotic Cell
2532:
2531:
2527:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2443:(7228): 471–4.
2434:
2433:
2429:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2373:Broad Institute
2367:
2366:
2362:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2192:
2190:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2051:
2050:
2046:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1782:
1728:cystic fibrosis
1665:
1659:
1581:
1559:to 37.1 Mb for
1480:
1414:mortality rates
1365:immunodeficient
1342:
1336:pathogenicity.
1326:A. fischerianus
1324:(two strains).
1305:A. fischerianus
1284:(two strains),
1274:Broad Institute
1260:to demonstrate
1198:
1178:glucose oxidase
1099:. More than 60
1053:
985:polysaccharides
977:monosaccharides
924:
850:
758:In March 2010,
756:
750:
745:
660:
656:
642:
637:
626:
618:
607:
596:
588:
580:
569:
561:
553:
542:
531:
520:
512:
501:
490:
482:
474:
466:
458:
447:
439:
431:
416:
405:
397:
386:
375:
364:
356:
345:
333:
322:
314:
299:
288:
280:
269:
267:Cladaspergillus
258:
250:
239:
228:
217:
209:
198:
192:
191:
146:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3646:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3586:
3573:
3560:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3472:
3459:
3446:
3433:
3420:
3405:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3346:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3306:
3301:
3290:
3289:External links
3287:
3285:
3284:
3247:
3238:
3212:(17): 8310–5.
3201:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3143:
3116:
3101:
3076:
3061:(in Turkish).
3049:
3028:
3010:
2951:
2902:
2895:
2874:
2825:
2784:
2747:(16): 1384–9.
2727:
2706:10.3852/12-253
2680:
2621:
2600:10.3852/11-426
2574:
2525:
2504:10.3852/09-011
2478:
2427:
2389:
2360:
2315:
2275:
2224:
2202:
2169:
2164:The Aspergilli
2151:
2120:
2093:
2044:
1979:
1942:
1907:
1900:
1872:
1831:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1720:
1709:immune systems
1694:immune systems
1661:Main article:
1658:
1655:
1580:
1577:
1479:
1476:
1341:
1338:
1197:
1194:
1052:
1049:
923:
920:
919:
918:
910:
902:
893:
884:
875:
849:
848:Inner Taxonomy
846:
845:
844:
832:
808:
800:
792:
776:
752:Main article:
749:
746:
744:
741:
644:
643:
641:
640:
638:Subram. (1972)
632:
621:
619:Subram. (1972)
613:
605:Stilbothamnium
602:
591:
583:
575:
564:
556:
548:
537:
526:
515:
507:
496:
485:
477:
469:
461:
453:
442:
434:
426:
411:
400:
392:
381:
370:
359:
357:Subram. (1972)
351:
343:Diplostephanus
340:
331:Dichotomomyces
328:
320:Dichotomomyces
317:
309:
294:
283:
275:
264:
256:Chaetosartorya
253:
245:
234:
223:
215:Aspergillopsis
212:
204:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
177:
176:
163:
162:
158:
157:
139:
135:
134:
132:Aspergillaceae
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
112:Eurotiomycetes
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
48:
47:
39:
38:
27:Genus of fungi
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3645:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:(6): 607–10.
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3105:
3102:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2804:(1): 165–92.
2803:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2408:(6): 649–54.
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2288:Expressed in
2287:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:Science Daily
2130:
2124:
2121:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:(2): 310–50.
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1774:aspergillosis
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:Aspergillosis
1669:
1664:
1663:Aspergillosis
1657:Aspergillosis
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:heterothallic
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:heterothallic
1347:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:parasexuality
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:mold such as
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:Saccharomyces
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1039:window frames
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
928:
921:
917:
916:
911:
909:
908:
903:
900:
899:
894:
891:
890:
885:
882:
881:
876:
873:
872:
867:
866:
865:
863:
859:
855:
847:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
813:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
786:
785:aspergillosis
782:
781:
777:
774:
773:aspergillosis
770:
769:
765:
764:
763:
761:
755:
747:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
706:
702:
696:
654:
653:
636:
633:
629:
625:
622:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
592:
587:
584:
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540:Rhopalocystis
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530:
529:Rhodocephalus
527:
523:
519:
516:
511:
508:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
486:
483:Sigler (2010)
481:
480:Phialosimplex
478:
473:
470:
467:Wreden (1874)
465:
462:
457:
454:
450:
446:
443:
438:
435:
430:
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419:
415:
414:Gymnoeurotium
412:
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382:
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373:Euaspergillus
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3163:. Retrieved
3161:. 2021-05-10
3158:
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3093:. Retrieved
3087:. MedScape.
3079:
3062:
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2968:
2964:
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2105:
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1822:. Retrieved
1812:
1805:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1737:Aspergilloma
1717:chemotherapy
1702:
1689:A. fumigatus
1687:
1679:
1674:
1644:
1641:A. fumigatus
1640:
1639:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1609:A. fumigatus
1608:
1607:disease are
1594:
1590:A. fumigatus
1588:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1568:
1565:A. fumigatus
1564:
1560:
1557:A. fumigatus
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:A. fumigatus
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1495:A. fumigatus
1494:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1472:A. fumigatus
1471:
1463:
1459:
1458:Among those
1457:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1402:mating types
1387:carcinogenic
1382:
1381:
1373:mating types
1369:A. fumigatus
1368:
1361:A. fumigatus
1360:
1359:
1343:
1334:A. fumigatus
1333:
1330:A. fumigatus
1329:
1325:
1321:A. fumigatus
1319:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1297:
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1285:
1281:
1277:
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1080:
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1030:A. fumigatus
1028:
1024:
1023:, including
1020:
1018:
1007:
1002:demonstrate
999:
997:
992:
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953:
937:
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930:
915:Polypaecilum
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648:
647:
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615:
604:
593:
586:Sporophormis
585:
581:Corda (1831)
578:Sceptromyces
577:
566:
558:
550:
539:
528:
517:
509:
498:
488:Polypaecilum
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
444:
437:Hemisartorya
436:
429:Harpezomyces
428:
413:
403:Gutturomyces
402:
394:
383:
372:
361:
353:
342:
330:
319:
311:
296:
285:
277:
266:
255:
251:Corda (1831)
247:
236:
225:
214:
206:
195:
170:
166:
142:
141:
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35:
29:
3618:Aspergillus
3502:iNaturalist
3415:Aspergillus
3409:Wikispecies
3385:Aspergillus
3353:Aspergillus
3310:Aspergillus
3199:(1): 155–7.
3159:www.cdc.gov
3065:(1): 53–5.
2885:Aspergillus
2700:(1): 1–27.
2594:(1): 71–9.
2244:(6): 1280.
1999:Talaromyces
1995:Penicillium
1991:Aspergillus
1890:Aspergillus
1885:Aspergillus
1813:Aspergillus
1766:Aspergillus
1759:Aspergillus
1680:Aspergillus
1649:which is a
1631:Aspergillus
1619:Aspergillus
1614:A. clavatus
1585:Aspergillus
1553:Aspergillus
1542:A. nidulans
1530:Aspergillus
1525:Aspergillus
1499:A. nidulans
1497:community.
1484:Aspergillus
1464:Aspergillus
1460:Aspergillus
1453:A. nidulans
1439:Aspergillus
1430:. In 2013,
1418:A. lentulus
1416:. In 2013,
1409:A. lentulus
1354:homothallic
1299:A. clavatus
1278:Aspergillus
1266:A. nidulans
1249:A. nidulans
1238:Aspergillus
1216:marker gene
1211:A. nidulans
1206:Aspergillus
1162:citric acid
1149:Aspergillus
1107:are found.
1101:Aspergillus
1097:saprophytes
1092:Aspergillus
1090:Species of
1081:Aspergillus
1065:Aspergillus
1061:Penicillium
1045:Aspergillus
1037:and around
1021:Aspergillus
1004:oligotrophy
1000:Aspergillus
993:Aspergillus
965:Aspergillus
954:Aspergillus
938:Aspergillus
931:Aspergillus
898:Aspergillus
854:Aspergillus
760:Aspergillus
737:Aspergillus
733:Aspergillus
720:aspergillum
711:Aspergillus
651:Aspergillus
635:Warcupiella
624:Theclospora
456:Neosartorya
312:Cristaspora
286:Cleistosoma
226:Aspergillus
196:Acmosporium
171:Aspergillus
143:Aspergillus
36:Aspergillus
3612:Categories
3165:2022-09-02
3095:2014-06-29
2383:2009-10-15
2313:Section 2.
2308:2016-03-17
2211:US 6069146
2193:2017-07-29
2145:2017-05-08
2003:Eurotiales
1851:(5): 288.
1824:10 October
1797:References
1633:can cause
1627:mycotoxins
1447:eukaryotes
1443:eukaryotic
1432:A. terreus
1428:lovastatin
1424:A. terreus
1390:aflatoxins
1379:to occur.
1293:A. terreus
1236:A scan of
1190:bioreactor
958:Ascomycota
950:Ascomycota
946:teleomorph
880:Nidulantes
871:Circumdati
843:in humans.
598:C.E.Cramer
472:Petromyces
362:Emericella
297:Clistosoma
278:Cladosarum
237:Basidiella
210:Pim (1883)
207:Alliospora
122:Eurotiales
102:Ascomycota
98:Division:
18:Aspergilli
3193:Mycotaxon
3038:cite book
2694:Mycologia
2588:Mycologia
2492:Mycologia
2015:: 5–169.
1732:sinusitis
1651:dimorphic
1601:aflatoxin
1596:A. flavus
1579:Pathogens
1569:A. oryzae
1561:A. oryzae
1538:A. oryzae
1534:A. flavus
1519:A. flavus
1503:A. oryzae
1383:A. flavus
1315:A. flavus
1287:A. oryzae
1226:A. oryzae
1221:A. oryzae
1105:mycetomas
1035:bathrooms
987:(such as
979:(such as
895:Subgenus
886:Subgenus
877:Subgenus
868:Subgenus
858:subgenera
829:soy sauce
518:Redaellia
499:Pyrobolus
445:Inzengaea
395:Fennellia
354:Edyuillia
336:D.B.Scott
334:Saito ex
230:P.Micheli
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
3515:MycoBank
3476:Fungorum
3429:60014107
3424:AusFungi
3394:Wikidata
3362:Archived
3340:Archived
3280:25806792
3272:18433040
3234:18434138
3089:Archived
3071:18443405
3005:18725939
2965:PLOS ONE
2946:23084572
2869:16607012
2820:22091779
2779:17068935
2771:17669651
2722:18167947
2714:23099518
2675:18663385
2635:PLOS ONE
2608:23074177
2569:23650087
2520:20648447
2512:19537215
2465:19043401
2422:22032932
2377:Archived
2355:19146970
2302:Archived
2270:34205202
2187:Archived
2139:Archived
2113:6 August
2088:10194462
2039:32855739
1974:20718610
1937:18608901
1867:21049237
1780:See also
1719:patients
1711:such as
1605:allergic
1573:A. niger
1521:genome.
1511:A. niger
1478:Genomics
1394:pathogen
1282:A. niger
1196:Research
1182:lysozyme
1170:A. niger
1059:Various
1025:A. niger
942:conidial
889:Fumigati
862:sections
818:A. sojae
743:Taxonomy
725:spargere
567:Sartorya
464:Otomyces
384:Eurotium
347:Langeron
181:Synonyms
169:List of
161:Species
128:Family:
78:Domain:
54:head of
52:Conidial
3494:8150522
3400:Q335130
3214:Bibcode
3138:7800243
2996:2515630
2973:Bibcode
2937:3534798
2860:1459663
2749:Bibcode
2666:2488364
2643:Bibcode
2616:9584227
2560:3697472
2473:4371721
2445:Bibcode
2346:2826280
2261:8227025
2030:7426331
1186:lactase
1174:enzymes
1071:culture
989:amylose
981:glucose
969:aerobic
748:Species
729:asexual
699:) is a
551:Royella
510:Raperia
418:Malloch
407:Rivolta
377:F.Ludw.
260:Subram.
248:Briarea
173:species
149:Micheli
138:Genus:
118:Order:
108:Class:
3595:100211
3582:229068
3569:550772
3553:NZOR:
3507:155033
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1730:, and
1724:asthma
1489:Nature
1318:, and
1290:, and
1270:genome
1184:, and
1166:tonnes
1118:manioc
1069:axenic
1014:mildew
983:) and
907:Cremei
630:(1884)
628:Harkn.
611:(1897)
600:(1859)
573:(1927)
571:Vuill.
559:Saitoa
546:(1911)
535:(1837)
524:(1930)
505:(1891)
503:Kuntze
494:(1961)
451:(1885)
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409:(1873)
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290:Harkn.
273:(1831)
271:Ritgen
262:(1972)
243:(1878)
232:(1729)
221:(1910)
202:(1839)
155:(1768)
153:Haller
3590:WoRMS
3455:16436
3276:S2CID
3189:(PDF)
2775:S2CID
2718:S2CID
2612:S2CID
2516:S2CID
2469:S2CID
2238:Foods
2079:88920
1623:maize
1583:Some
1228:RIB40
973:molds
701:genus
609:Henn.
544:Grove
533:Corda
492:G.Sm.
449:Borzí
366:Berk.
324:Saito
305:Shear
301:Clem.
241:Cooke
219:Speg.
200:Corda
92:Fungi
3546:5052
3541:NCBI
3520:7248
3489:GBIF
3481:7248
3463:EPPO
3442:33ZF
3268:PMID
3230:PMID
3134:PMID
3067:PMID
3044:link
3024:ISBN
3001:PMID
2942:PMID
2891:ISBN
2865:PMID
2816:PMID
2767:PMID
2710:PMID
2671:PMID
2604:PMID
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2508:PMID
2461:PMID
2418:PMID
2351:PMID
2266:PMID
2115:2019
2084:PMID
2035:PMID
1970:PMID
1933:PMID
1896:ISBN
1863:PMID
1826:2023
1713:AIDS
1698:lung
1611:and
1593:and
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1536:and
1128:koji
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1027:and
824:sake
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705:mold
522:Cif.
422:Cain
388:Link
190:List
167:See
3528:NBN
3450:EoL
3437:CoL
3316:PDF
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