518:, they have instead evolved a method called image defocus. Of the four photoreceptor layers in the retina, the two closest to the surface contain a UV-sensitive opsin (visual pigment), while the two deepest contain a green-sensitive opsin. The incoming green light is only focused on the deepest layer, while the other one receives defocused or fuzzy images. By measuring the amount of defocus from the fuzzy layer, calculating the distance to the objects in front of them is possible. In addition to receptor cells, red filters also have been detected, located in front of the cells that normally register green light. All salticids, regardless of whether they have two, three, or four kinds of color receptors, seemingly are highly sensitive to UV light. Some species (such as
363:(the crab spiders, distinguished by their front four legs, which are very long and powerful). None of these families, however, have eyes that resemble those of the Salticidae. Conversely, the legs of jumping spiders are not covered with any very prominent spines. Their front four legs generally are larger than the hind four, but not as dramatically so as those of the crab spiders, nor are they held in the outstretched-arms attitude characteristic of the Thomisidae. In spite of the length of their front legs, Salticidae depend on their rear legs for jumping. The generally larger front legs are used partly to assist in grasping prey, and in some species, the front legs and
375:. There is, however, a radical functional difference between the major (anterior median) eyes of Salticidae and the major (posterior median) eyes of the Deinopidae; the large posterior eyes of Deinopidae are adapted mainly to vision in dim light, whereas the large anterior eyes of Salticidae are adapted to detailed, three-dimensional vision for purposes of estimating the range, direction, and nature of potential prey, permitting the spider to direct its attacking leaps with great precision. The anterior lateral eyes, though large, are smaller than the anterior median eyes and provide a wider forward field of vision.
886:), front leg fringes, structures on other legs, and other, often bizarre, modifications. These characteristics are used in a courtship "dance" in which the colored or iridescent parts of the body are displayed. In addition to displaying colors, jumping spiders perform complex sliding, vibrational, or zigzag movements to attract females. Many males have auditory signals, as well. These amplified sounds presented to the females resemble buzzes or drum rolls. Species vary significantly in visual and vibratory components of courtship. The ability to sense UV light (see Vision section) is used by at least one species,
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779:
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538:), but the field of vision is narrow, from 2 to 5°. The central region of the retina, where acuity is highest, is no more than six or seven receptor rows wide. However, the eye can scan objects off the direct axis of vision. As the lens is attached to the carapace, the eye's scanning movements are restricted to its retina through a complicated pattern of translations and rotations. This dynamic adjustment is a means of compensation for the narrowness of the static field of vision. Movement of the retina in jumping spiders is analogous to the way many
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495:. This pair of eyes is built like a telescopic tube with a corneal lens in the front and a second lens in the back that focus images onto a four-layered retina, a narrow, boomerang-shaped strip oriented vertically. Physiological experiments have shown they may have up to four different kinds of receptor cells, with different
575:. Jumping spiders are different from these animals because they are able to make accurate, targeted jumps. Jumps are used for navigation, to escape danger, and to catch prey. When jumping, they use mainly their third or fourth pair of legs, or both pairs, depending on species. Jumping spiders' well-developed internal
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in many species, but in some primitive subfamilies, they are comparable in size with the other secondary eyes and help to detect motion. While unable to form images, the reduced pair of eyes is thought to have a role similar to that of insect ocelli by receiving light from the sky. The photoreceptors
378:
The rear row of four eyes may be described as strongly bent, or as being rearranged into two rows, with two large posterior lateral eyes being the furthest back. They serve for lateral vision. The posterior median eyes also have been shifted out laterally, almost as far as the posterior lateral eyes.
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into line with its cephalothorax. After that, it might spend some time inspecting the object of its attention and determining whether a camouflaged or doubtful item of prey is promising, before it starts to stalk slowly forward. When close enough, the spider pauses to attach a dragline, then springs
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In hunting, the
Salticidae also use their silk as a tether to enable them to reach prey that otherwise would be inaccessible. For example, by advancing towards the prey to less than the jumping distance, then retreating and leaping in an arc at the end of the tether line, many species can leap onto
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The foregoing examples present the
Salticidae as textbook examples of active hunters; they would hardly seem likely to build webs other than those used in reproductive activities, and in fact, most species really do not build webs to catch prey. However, exceptions occur, though even those that do
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The hunting behaviour of the
Salticidae is confusingly varied compared to that of most spiders in other families. Salticids hunt diurnally as a rule, which is consistent with their highly developed visual system. When it detects potential prey, a jumping spider typically begins orienting itself by
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Having made contact with the prey, hunting
Salticidae administer a bite to inject rapid-acting venom that gives the victim little time to react. In this respect, they resemble the Mimetidae and Thomisidae, families that ambush prey that often are larger than the predator, and they do so without
370:
The jumping spiders, unlike the other families, have faces that are roughly rectangular surfaces perpendicular to their direction of motion. In effect this means that their forward-looking, anterior eyes are on "flat faces", as shown in the photographs. Their eye pattern is the clearest single
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Many variations on the theme and many surprising aspects exist. For one, salticids do not necessarily follow a straight path in approaching prey. They may follow a circuitous course, sometimes even a course that takes the hunter through regions from which the prey is not visible. Such complex
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species, however, do not necessarily refuse other prey items, and routinely catch flies and similar prey in the usual salticid fashion, without the special precautions they apply in hunting dangerous prey such as ants. Ants offer the advantages of being plentiful prey items for which little
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of the secondary eyes. They are able to distinguish some details, as well, and without them, no "looming response" can be triggered by motion. Even with all the other pairs covered, jumping spiders in a study could still detect, stalk, and attack flies, using their ALEs only, which are also
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was measured at 38 times the body length. The accuracy of their jumps is mediated by their well-developed visual system and the ability to quickly process visual information to tailor each jump. When a jumping spider moves from place to place, and especially just before it jumps, it
2750:(Lim, Matthew L. M., and Daiqin Li. "Courtship and Male-Male Agonistic Behaviour of Comsophasis Umbratica Simon, an Ornate Jumping Spider (Araneae: Salticidae)." The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (2004): 52(2): 435–448. National University of Singapore. Web. 20 September 2015.)
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Some small insects are thought to have evolved an appearance or behavioural traits that resemble those of jumping spiders and this is suspected to prevent their predation, specifically from jumping spiders. Some examples appear to be provided by patterns on the wings of some
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Maintaining colorful ornamentation may seem strictly beneficial to sexual selection, yet costs to maintain such distinguishing characteristics occur. While colorful or UV-reflecting individuals may attract more female spiders, it can also increase the risk of predation.
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Some salticid species are continually on the move, stopping periodically to look around for prey, which they then stalk immediately. Others spend more time scanning their surroundings from one position, actively stalking any prey they detect. Members of the genus
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793:) successfully captured a grasshopper that is much larger and stronger than she is. The grasshopper tried to escape, but the spider immobilized it using the venom she injected, and the "dragline" helped her hold her position with respect to the prey object.
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and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their
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identifying characteristic. They have eight eyes, as illustrated. Most diagnostic are the front row of four eyes, in which the anterior median pair are more dramatically prominent than any other spider eyes apart from the posterior median eyes of the
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Salticidae, and vary greatly in method. Many of the spider-hunting species quite commonly attack other spiders, whether fellow salticids or not, in the same way as any other prey, but some kinds resort to web invasion; nonspecialists such as
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for safety lines while jumping, they also build silken "pup tents", where they take shelter from bad weather and sleep at night. They molt in these shelters, build and store egg cases in them, and also spend the winter in them.
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602:(or 'dragline') to whatever it is standing on. This dragline provides a mechanical aid to jumping, including braking and stabilization and if the jump should fail, the spider climbs back up the dragline.
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2107:
Nagata, Takashi; Koyanagi, Mitsumasa; Tsukamoto, Hisao; Saeki, Shinjiro; Isono, Kunio; Shichida, Yoshinori; Tokunaga, Fumio; Kinoshita, Michiyo; Arikawa, Kentaro; Terakita, Akihisa (27 January 2012).
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The posterior lateral eyes (PLEs) are wide-angle motion detectors that sense motions from the side and behind. Combined with the other eyes, PLEs give the spider a near 360° view of the world.
643:, can negotiate long detours from one bush down to the ground, then up the stem of another bush to capture a prey item on a particular leaf. Such behaviour still is the subject of research.
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550:. In jumping spiders with a translucent carapace, such movements within the jumping spider's eyes are visible from outside when the attention of the spider is directed to various targets.
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display more advanced web-invasion behavior. They slowly advance onto the web and vibrate the silk with their pedipalps and legs. In this respect, their behaviour resembles that of the
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are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the
3055:
Whitman, D.W; Orsak, L; Greene, E. (1988). "Spider mimicry in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Further experiments on the deterrence of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) by
718:, probably the most specialised of the araneophagous spider families. If the web occupant approaches in the manner appropriate to dealing with ensnared prey, the predator attacks.
658:. Most spiders, including most salticids, avoid worker ants, but several species not only eat them as a primary item in their diets, but also employ specialised attack techniques;
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or abdomen. The male then extends his front legs towards the female to touch her. If the female remains receptive, the male climbs on her back and inseminates her with his palps.
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Shamble, Paul S.; Menda, Gil; Golden, James R.; Nitzany, Eyal I.; Walden, Katherine; Beatus, Tsevi; Elias, Damian O.; Cohen, Itai; Miles, Ronald N.; Hoy, Ronald R. (2016).
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take that strategy to extremes; they sit on a tree trunk, facing downwards and rarely do any stalking, but simply lunge down on any prey items that pass close before them.
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587:. The maximum horizontal jump distance varies greatly between species, with some capable of jumping two or three body lengths, while the jump of an individual
2762:
Bulbert, Matthew W., James C. O'Hanlon, Shane
Zappettini, Shichang Zhang, and Daiqin Li. "Sexually Selected UV Signals in the Tropical Ornate Jumping Spider,
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TARSITANO, MICHAEL S.; JACKSON, ROBERT R. (February 1997). "Araneophagic jumping spiders discriminate between detour routes that do and do not lead to prey".
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Maddison, Wayne P.; Beattie, Imara; Marathe, Kiran; Ng, Paul Y. C.; Kanesharatnam, Nilani; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Kunte, Krushnamegh (16 December 2020).
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of the
Salticidae, Richman and Jackson speculate on whether such web building is a relic of the evolution of this family from web-building ancestors.
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adaptive behaviour is hard to reconcile with an organism that has such a tiny brain, but some jumping spiders, in particular some species of
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They are usually much smaller than the posterior lateral eyes and there is doubt about whether they are at all functional in many species.
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842:(partridge pea), provide jumping spiders with nectar; the plant benefits accordingly when the spiders prey on whatever pests they find.
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324:
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1694:
Gabrielson, M., & Roberts, A. (2022). Jumping spider. Getting Eight Legs Up – Learning More About Our Forest’s
Jumping Spiders.
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Richman, D.B.; Edwards, G.B. & Cutler, B. (2005). "Salticidae". In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.).
2766:, May Incur Costs from Predation." Ecology and Evolution (2015): 5(4): 914-920. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Web. 20 September 2015.
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in the UV spectrum, suggesting a role in sexual signaling. Color discrimination has been demonstrated in behavioral experiments.
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Logunov, 2004 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae), with description of a new species from the
Western Ghats of Kerala, India".
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563:
2184:"Structure of the Retinae of the Principal Eyes of Jumping Spiders (Salticidae: Dendryphantinae) in Relation to Visual Optics"
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2886:"Combining genomic, phenotypic and Sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha)"
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American
Jumping Spiders – 70 Species Videos (includes introduction to salticids, predation, mating, and other behaviors)
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If receptive to the male, the female assumes a passive, crouching position. In some species, the female may vibrate her
488:
303:
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Jackson, R.R. (1982). "The behavior of communicating in jumping spiders (Salticidae)". In Witt, P.; Rovner, J. (eds.).
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securing the victim with silk; they accordingly must immobilise it immediately and their venom is adapted accordingly.
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competition from other predators occurs, but catching less hazardous prey when it presents itself remains profitable.
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Jumping spiders conduct complex, visual courtship displays using movements and physical bodily attributes. A form of
461:
Jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes; three secondary pairs that are fixed and a principal pair that is movable.
289:, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among
135:
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in the other secondary pairs are almost exclusively green-sensitive, but the posterior median eyes have two visual
4761:
382:
The body length of jumping spiders generally ranges from 1 to 25 mm (0.04–0.98 in). The largest is
4683:
2858:
Ramírez, Martín J. (27 June 2014). "The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)".
927:
254:
238:
892:, in courtship behavior, though it is reasonable to assume that many other species exhibit this characteristic.
2884:
Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Bougie, Tierney; Carboni, Martin; Hedin, Marshal; Ramírez, Martín J. (January 2022).
1284:
1276:
838:
3403:
3399:
Comprehensive resource on the morphology and taxonomy of jumping spiders (Salticidae): www.jumping-spiders.com
2962:
Maddison, Wayne P. (November 2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)".
2811:"The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling"
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species, for example, spin capture webs that are functional, though not as impressive as some orb webs of the
347:
Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the
2010:"'Eight-legged cats' and how they see – a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
2042:
Peaslee, A.G. & Wilson, G. (May 1989). "Spectral sensitivity in jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)".
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prey on vertical or even on inverted surfaces, which of course would not be possible without such a tether.
3448:
2583:
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1422:
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The
Salticinae subfamily is the most diverse, comprising over 90% of the known species of jumping spiders.
687:; sometimes they leap onto and eat the web occupant itself, or simply walk over the web for that purpose.
3086:
Rao, D.; Díaz-Fleischer, F. (2012). "Characterisation of Predator-Directed Displays in Tephritid Flies".
2245:"Movements of the retinae of jumping spiders (Salticidae: Dendryphantinae) in response to visual stimuli"
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epoch, specifically, 54 to 42 million years ago. Other fossil jumping spiders have been preserved within
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894:
888:
520:
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Wanless, F. R. (1975). "Spiders of the family Salticidae from the upper slopes of Everest and Makalu".
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664:, for example, circles around to the front of the ant and grabs it over the back of its head. Such
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Jackson, Robert R.; Simon D. Pollard; Ximena J. Nelson; G. B. Edwards; Alberto T. Barrion (2001).
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3339:"A phylogenetic and taxonomic review of baviine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Baviini)"
1546:"Five new and four newly recorded species of jumping spiders from Taiwan (Araneae: Salticidae)"
882:, the males possess plumose hairs, colored or iridescent hairs (particularly pronounced in the
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Their body's sensory hairs are able to detect airborne acoustic stimuli up to 3 m away.
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Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; et al. (December 2016).
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webs are of an unusual funnel shape and apparently adapted to the capture of other spiders.
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is the species reported to have been collected at the highest elevation, on the slopes of
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583:) within them. This enables the spiders to jump without having large muscular legs like a
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1801:"short communication fields of view of the eyes – The Company of Biologists Limited 1985"
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feeds its offspring with a milky, nutritious fluid for the first 40 days of their lives.
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Many other arthropods are known to jump, including grasshoppers, fleas, leafhoppers, and
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and their eye patterns. The families closest to Salticidae in general appearance are the
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1910:"The role of the anterior lateral eyes in the vision-based behaviour of jumping spiders"
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285:. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described
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2009:
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males have markings that are only visible in UV and the females use the markings for
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3125:
Nymph (Homoptera: Fulgoridae) That Mimics Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)".
2608:
Chen, Zhanqi; Corlett, Richard T.; Jiao, Xiaoguo; et al. (30 November 2018).
1824:
Functional Properties of Opsins and their Contribution to Light-Sensing Physiology
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How Animals See the World: Comparative behavior, biology, and evolution of vision
1976:
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The Australian Faunal Directory taxonomic classification of Australian salticids
3312:"Extreme ultraviolet sexual dimorphism in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
3237:
Forster, L.M. (1982). "Vision and prey-catching strategies in jumping spiders".
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2720:"Extreme Ultraviolet Sexual Dimorphism in Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
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359:(the lynx spiders, distinguished by very prominent spines on all legs), and the
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3424:
Close-Up Video of Transparent Jumping Spider Captures Its Tube-Like Eyes Moving
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Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces
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55:
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832:, feeds primarily on plant matter. None are known to feed on seeds or fruit.
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species, though, largely capture moths in their webs. In their review of the
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A 2015 revision of the Salticidae family divided it into seven subfamilies:
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different from those in all the other eyes, sensitive to blue and UV light.
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3277:"Seismic signals in a courting male jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae)"
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Zurek, D. B.; Taylor, A. J.; Evans, C. S.; Nelson, X. J. (25 June 2010).
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system extends their limbs by altering the pressure of their body fluid (
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3154:"Predator Mimicry: Metalmark Moths Mimic Their Jumping Spider Predators"
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build capture webs generally also go hunting like other salticids. Some
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17:
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Sudhin, P.P.; Nafin, K.S. & Sudhikumar, A.V. (2017). "Revision of
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318:
Salticidae male anterior and dorsal aspects, showing positions of eyes
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1837:"Hyperacute motion detection by the lateral eyes of jumping spiders"
1620:(reprint ed.). New York, NY: New American Library. p. 77.
355:(distinguished also by prominent spines on the back four legs), the
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2469:"A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)"
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3398:
1518:
1463:
1375:
858:
803:
698:
654:
Some Salticidae specialise in particular classes of prey, such as
562:
470:
447:
433:
425:
321:
313:
3393:
1696:
https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd1057184.pdf
546:, move their entire eyes to focus images of interest onto their
4515:
3580:
3538:
3466:
3262:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 213–247.
672:
Some of the most surprising hunting behaviours occur among the
655:
3413:
2536:
National Geographic video of capture of bee by jumping spider
2413:"More than a safety line: jump-stabilizing silk of salticids"
683:
sometimes attack prey ensnared in webs, basically in acts of
630:
to bring the anterior median eyes to bear. It then moves its
4644:
3275:
Elias, D.O.; Mason, A.C.; Maddison, W.P.; Hoy, R.R. (2003).
3260:
Spider Communication Mechanisms and Ecological Significance
2550:"Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar"
484:
sufficiently widely spaced to provide stereoscopic vision.
389:, while other genera with relatively large species include
2538:. Youtube.com (27 February 2009). Retrieved on 4 May 2013.
2358:"Targeted jumps by salticid spiders (Araneae, Salticidae,
1255:
of the family Salticidae is well established through both
3428:
2109:"Depth Perception from Image Defocus in a Jumping Spider"
1705:
1703:
510:(UV) range. As the eyes are too close together to allow
1544:
Peng, Xian-Jin; Tso, I-Min & Li, Shu-Qiang (2002).
1674:"Phiddipus regius: the Jewel between Spider Predators"
1645:"Watch the world's biggest jumping spider make a leap"
1275:
of the two families include loss of cylindrical gland
1589:. American Arachnological Society. pp. 205–216.
3414:
High-Speed Photography of Jumping Spiders in Mid-air
2657:
Elias, DO; Mason, AC; Maddison, WP; Hoy, RR (2003).
1525:. Bern, Switzerland: Natur Historisches Museum, Bern
1404:
harbor the most species, but they are also found in
1315:, originally placed here, was moved to Lyssomaninae)
567:
Unidentified salticid jumping with trailing dragline
4524:
3979:
3766:
3757:
3594:
2659:"Seismic signals in a courting male jumping spider"
2329:"The jumping behavior of jumping spiders: a review"
1835:Zurek, Daniel B.; Nelson, Ximena J. (August 2012).
2860:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2777:
1745:"Airborne Acoustic Perception by a Jumping Spider"
1711:
1587:Spiders of North America: An identification manual
531:The anterior median eyes have high resolution (11
2758:
2756:
2610:"Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider"
2222:"Topic: Scanning eyes in molluscs and arthropods"
1887:"Jeepers, Peepers: Why Spiders Have So Many Eyes"
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
3684:(funnel-webs or venomous funnel-web tarantulas)
2957:
2955:
1400:Jumping spiders live in a variety of habitats.
479:The anterior lateral eyes (ALEs) have the best
343:. It attempts to capture a small winged insect.
3419:PBS Be Smart Video About Jumping Spider Vision
3061:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
3038:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
2879:
2877:
2467:Richman, David B.; Jackson, Robert R. (1992).
2411:Chen, Y.; Ciao, C.; Tsai, F.; Chi, K. (2013).
2384:"Chapter 9: How Jumping Spiders See the World"
2382:Harland, D.P.; Li, D.; Jackson, R.R. (2012) .
1459:have been found. Of those known, all are from
3478:
3127:Journal of the New York Entomological Society
2390:. Oxford University Press. pp. 133–163.
2162:Filters let jumping spiders spot flashy mates
2037:
2035:
2003:
2001:
1959:Rozenbaum, Ilya; Ritch, R. (21 August 2007).
8:
4075:(wandering spiders or tropical wolf spiders)
1639:
1637:
1635:
935:Classification within the spiders (Araneae)
3409:Video of a jumping spider's mating behavior
2351:
2349:
2298:"The jumping mechanism of salticid spiders"
1519:"Currently valid spider genera and species"
367:are used in species-recognition signaling.
4512:
3985:
3770:
3763:
3600:
3591:
3577:
3535:
3485:
3471:
3463:
3394:Asian jumping spiders and photo references
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2008:Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (2000).
845:The female of the Southeast Asian species
822:, many species have been known to include
261:
111:
31:
3634:(atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders)
3368:
3358:
3327:
3316:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3292:
3213:"Salticidae of the Antarctic land bridge"
3187:
3177:
2919:
2909:
2826:
2735:
2724:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2674:
2633:
2432:
2086:"Jumping Spiders' Unique Vision Revealed"
1935:
1925:
1862:
1852:
1776:
4502:are families with more than 1000 species
2386:. In Lazareva, O.F.; Shimizu, T (eds.).
2044:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
1608:
1606:
609:
3121:Zolnerowich, Gregory (1992). "A Unique
2718:Lim, Matthew L. M.; Li, Daiqin (2006).
1510:
818:Although jumping spiders are generally
814:jumping spider with a captured male ant
2417:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1971:(11). Archopht.jamanetwork.com: 1557.
1364:– about 540 extant genera in 27 tribes
506:, with sensitivity extending into the
3404:Global Species Database of Salticidae
2890:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
514:, and the animals do not make use of
430:The visual fields of a jumping spider
7:
4811:38D7F355-1FFF-C957-A1E0-A3AD7E98C2F1
4772:97932e2b-39a9-4019-a58a-a89615154ac7
4684:a2316293-6ae1-4cdf-90c1-311d629b39c1
3211:Hill, David Edwin (7 October 2009).
2784:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2663:The Journal of Experimental Biology
2252:The Journal of Experimental Biology
2188:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1718:. Oxford University Press. p.
1672:Macík, Stanislav (27 August 2012).
1121:
1066:
1011:
973:
948:
941:
3933:(violin spiders, assassin spiders)
2702:" Study sheds light on spider sex"
2296:Parry, D.A.; Brown, R.H.J (1959).
2088:. Livescience.com. 26 January 2012
1889:. Livescience.com. 17 October 2012
787:This small female jumping spider (
25:
913:Consequences of sexual dimorphism
826:in their diets, and one species,
499:, giving them the possibility of
4172:(sheet weavers or money spiders)
3329:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00704.x
2737:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00704.x
2582:Milius, Susan (30 August 2008).
777:
768:
759:
134:
4865:Extant Eocene first appearances
4837:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0101
3626:(Australian funnel-web spiders)
3281:Journal of Experimental Biology
2356:Hill, D.E. (15 December 2006).
2302:Journal of Experimental Biology
1914:Journal of Experimental Biology
306:pair being particularly large.
1466:. The oldest fossils are from
1337:– 29 extant genera in 3 tribes
464:The posterior median eyes are
339:staying near its shelter on a
1:
4133:(flat-bellied ground spiders)
3610:(mouse spiders and relatives)
1324:– 4 extant genera (including
874:Courtship and mating behavior
3996:(araneomorph funnel weavers)
3439:Jumping spiders of Australia
3434:Jumping Spiders of NW-Europe
3310:Lim, M.L.M.; Li, D. (2005).
3179:10.1371/journal.pone.0000045
1977:10.1001/archopht.125.11.1557
1854:10.1016/j.visres.2012.06.011
1267:to Salticidae is the family
3650:(cork-lid trapdoor spiders)
2911:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107327
1420:, and mountainous regions.
491:median eyes have very good
410:In addition to using their
4881:
3946:(long-legged cave spiders)
3642:(brushed trapdoor spiders)
3618:(folding trapdoor spiders)
3360:10.3897/zookeys.1004.57526
3152:Rota J, Wagner DL (2006).
2976:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292
2776:Foelix, Rainer F. (1996).
2557:Journal of Zoology, London
1710:Foelix, Rainer F. (1996).
925:
255:600+ genera, 6000+ species
4490:
3988:
3964:Trogloraptor marchingtoni
3773:
3603:
3590:
3576:
3548:
3534:
3502:
3015:10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.7
2569:10.1017/S095283690100108X
1965:Archives of Ophthalmology
1769:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.041
1447:and possibly some moths.
1390:Diamorphic jumping spider
1186:
1171:
1156:
1141:
1126:
1119:
1101:
1086:
1071:
1064:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1009:
993:
978:
971:
953:
946:
928:List of Salticidae genera
690:Salticidae in the genera
260:
253:
246:
239:List of Salticidae genera
235:
230:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
34:
4440:(cribellate orb weavers)
4374:(long jawed orb-weavers)
4026:(anyphaenid sac spiders)
3822:(crevice weaver spiders)
3658:(wafer trapdoor spiders)
1455:Very few jumping spider
839:Chamaecrista fasciculata
621:, another jumping spider
4241:(red and black spiders)
4181:(liocranid sac spiders)
3925:(tube-dwelling spiders)
3861:(midget ground weavers)
3723:(funnel-web tarantulas)
3715:(tree trapdoor spiders)
3666:(funnel-web tarantulas)
2635:10.1126/science.aat3692
2476:Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc
2133:10.1126/science.1211667
4270:(running crab spiders)
4163:(white-tailed spiders)
4005:(tangled nest spiders)
3830:(large-clawed spiders)
3806:(false violin spiders)
2964:Journal of Arachnology
2507:10.1006/anbe.1996.0372
2425:10.1098/rsif.2013.0572
1618:The Life of the Spider
1443:flies, the nymph of a
1423:Euophrys omnisuperstes
1397:
870:
815:
622:
568:
458:
445:
444:located near the front
431:
344:
319:
4793:Paleobiology Database
4298:(nursery web spiders)
4233:(cave cobweb spiders)
4225:(spurred orb-weavers)
4142:(dwarf sheet spiders)
4098:(net-casting spiders)
3889:(palp-footed spiders)
3731:(bald-legged spiders)
3073:10.1093/aesa/81.3.532
2764:Cosmophasis umbratica
2172:(Lim & Li, 2005).
1388:
895:Cosmophasis umbratica
889:Cosmophasis umbratica
863:Courtship display of
862:
834:Extrafloral nectaries
807:
613:
566:
521:Cosmophasis umbratica
451:
437:
429:
334:
317:
4679:Fauna Europaea (new)
4383:(tangle-web spiders)
4150:(tree trunk spiders)
4106:(intertidal spiders)
4035:(orb-weaver spiders)
3429:World Spider Catalog
3057:Zonosemata vittigera
2419:. 10:20130572 (87).
2314:10.1242/jeb.36.4.654
2264:10.1242/jeb.51.2.471
2243:Land, M. F. (1969).
2200:10.1242/jeb.51.2.443
1523:World Spider Catalog
811:Menemerus bivittatus
438:The eight eyes of a
278:that constitute the
123:Platycryptus undatus
4356:(dwarf orb-weavers)
3843:(lampshade spiders)
3814:(woodlouse hunters)
3563:(segmented spiders)
3555:(segmented spiders)
3351:2020ZooK.1004...27M
3251:1982AmSci..70..165F
3170:2006PLoSO...1...45R
3100:2012Ethol.118.1165R
2902:2022MolPE.16607327A
2626:2018Sci...362.1052C
2620:(6418): 1052–1055.
2584:"Vegetarian Spider"
2369:The Peckham Society
2327:Hill, D.E. (2018).
2125:2012Sci...335..469N
1761:2016CBio...26.2913S
1309:– 4 extant genera (
836:on plants, such as
615:Heavy-bodied jumper
441:Telamonia dimidiata
4390:Theridiosomatidae
4354:Symphytognathidae
4342:(huntsman spiders)
4249:(disc web spiders)
4067:(dark sac spiders)
3917:(spitting spiders)
3702:(dwarf tarantulas)
3453:courtship behavior
3239:American Scientist
2780:Biology of Spiders
2056:10.1007/BF00612995
1927:10.1242/jeb.042382
1714:Biology of Spiders
1553:Zoological Studies
1434:Models for mimicry
1398:
871:
816:
790:Hyllus semicupreus
623:
619:Pantropical jumper
569:
497:absorption spectra
459:
446:
432:
345:
320:
4847:
4846:
4780:Open Tree of Life
4518:Taxon identifiers
4509:
4508:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4460:
4441:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4357:
4343:
4334:
4320:
4319:(jumping spiders)
4307:
4299:
4271:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4213:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4151:
4143:
4134:
4120:
4107:
4099:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4036:
4027:
4014:
4013:(termite hunters)
4006:
3997:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3960:Trogloraptoridae
3955:
3954:(armored spiders)
3947:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3904:
3890:
3871:
3862:
3854:Mecysmaucheniidae
3844:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3798:(coneweb spiders)
3781:
3780:(pelican spiders)
3753:
3752:
3745:
3744:(true tarantulas)
3732:
3724:
3716:
3703:
3700:Mecicobothriidae
3685:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3556:
3294:10.1242/jeb.00634
3287:(22): 4029–4039.
3108:10.1111/eth.12021
3094:(12): 1165–1172.
2828:10.1111/cla.12182
2795:978-0-674-07431-6
2676:10.1242/jeb.00634
2669:(22): 4029–4039.
2397:978-0-19-993316-7
2182:Land, MF (1969).
2119:(6067): 469–471.
1920:(14): 2372–2378.
1755:(21): 2913–2920.
1729:978-0-674-07431-6
1596:978-0-9771439-0-0
1406:temperate forests
1386:
1363:
1355:– 6 extant genera
1354:
1346:– 3 extant genera
1345:
1336:
1323:
1308:
1299:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
880:sexual dimorphism
829:Bagheera kiplingi
590:Colonus puerperus
332:
269:
268:
226:
41:Paleogene–present
27:Family of spiders
16:(Redirected from
4872:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4814:
4813:
4801:
4800:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4774:
4765:
4764:
4752:
4751:
4749:NBNSYS0000160924
4739:
4738:
4726:
4725:
4713:
4712:
4700:
4699:
4687:
4686:
4674:
4673:
4661:
4660:
4648:
4647:
4635:
4634:
4622:
4621:
4609:
4608:
4596:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4573:
4572:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4513:
4458:
4439:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4355:
4341:
4332:
4318:
4301:
4297:
4269:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4212:(pirate spiders)
4211:
4199:(shield spiders)
4198:
4189:
4180:
4171:
4162:
4149:
4141:
4132:
4119:(velvet spiders)
4118:
4105:
4097:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4047:Cheiracanthiidae
4034:
4025:
4012:
4004:
3995:
3986:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3903:(cellar spiders)
3902:
3888:
3870:(goblin spiders)
3869:
3860:
3859:Ochyroceratidae
3842:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3743:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3708:Microstigmatidae
3701:
3683:
3665:
3657:
3656:Cyrtaucheniidae
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3592:
3578:
3562:
3554:
3536:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3333:
3331:
3306:
3296:
3271:
3254:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3027:
3026:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2923:
2913:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2783:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2715:
2709:
2698:Morelle, Rebecca
2695:
2689:
2688:
2678:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2495:Animal Behaviour
2490:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2464:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1961:"Eye on the Web"
1956:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1832:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:. 17 August 2017
1641:
1630:
1629:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1582:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1418:intertidal zones
1402:Tropical forests
1387:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1321:
1306:
1300:– 1 extant genus
1297:
1122:
1067:
1012:
974:
949:
942:
932:
931:
781:
772:
763:
685:kleptoparasitism
661:Anasaitis canosa
512:depth perception
333:
265:
221:
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4835:
4830:
4822:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4768:
4760:
4755:
4747:
4742:
4734:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4708:
4703:
4695:
4690:
4682:
4677:
4669:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4643:
4638:
4630:
4625:
4617:
4612:
4604:
4599:
4591:
4589:
4581:
4576:
4568:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4520:
4510:
4505:
4495:Spider taxonomy
4470:
4428:Trochanteriidae
4372:Tetragnathidae
4125:Gallieniellidae
3971:
3952:Tetrablemmidae
3767:Non-entelegynes
3749:
3729:Paratropididae
3677:Halonoproctidae
3616:Antrodiaetidae
3586:
3568:
3544:
3530:
3498:
3491:
3390:
3385:
3345:(1004): 27–97.
3336:
3309:
3274:
3257:
3236:
3232:
3230:Further reading
3227:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3059:(Coquillett)".
3054:
3053:
3049:
3035:
3034:
3030:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2450:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2224:. Mapoflife.org
2220:
2219:
2215:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1841:Vision Research
1834:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1749:Current Biology
1742:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1500:Spider taxonomy
1488:
1480:Dominican amber
1453:
1436:
1392:in family
1376:
1374:
1362:Blackwall, 1841
1322:Blackwall, 1877
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
930:
924:
915:
884:peacock spiders
876:
866:Saitis barbipes
857:
802:
797:
796:
795:
794:
784:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
680:Phidippus audax
635:onto the prey.
608:
561:
556:
548:fovea centralis
516:motion parallax
455:Phidippus audax
424:
322:
312:
304:anterior median
300:tracheal system
274:are a group of
272:Jumping spiders
220:
133:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
35:Jumping spiders
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4878:
4876:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4828:
4815:
4802:
4789:
4776:
4766:
4753:
4740:
4727:
4714:
4701:
4688:
4675:
4666:Fauna Europaea
4662:
4649:
4636:
4623:
4610:
4597:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4546:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4401:(crab spiders)
4395:
4387:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4351:
4346:
4336:
4333:(bark hunters)
4328:
4323:
4313:
4308:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Phrurolithidae
4273:
4268:Philodromidae
4265:
4260:
4257:(lynx spiders)
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4205:Megadictynidae
4202:
4194:
4190:(wolf spiders)
4184:
4176:
4166:
4158:
4156:Homalonychidae
4153:
4145:
4137:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3897:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3828:Gradungulidae
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3786:Austrochilidae
3783:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:Theraphosidae
3739:
3737:Porrhothelidae
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3608:Actinopodidae
3604:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:Heptathelidae
3558:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3388:External links
3386:
3384:
3383:
3334:
3322:(3): 397–406.
3307:
3272:
3255:
3245:(2): 165–175.
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3203:
3144:
3133:(3): 498–502.
3113:
3078:
3067:(3): 532–536.
3047:
3028:
3009:(2): 317–330.
2989:
2970:(3): 231–292.
2951:
2873:
2850:
2821:(6): 574–616.
2801:
2794:
2768:
2752:
2743:
2730:(3): 397–406.
2710:
2690:
2649:
2600:
2574:
2540:
2528:
2501:(2): 257–266.
2485:
2448:
2403:
2396:
2374:
2345:
2319:
2308:(4): 654–664.
2288:
2277:
2235:
2213:
2174:
2165:
2154:
2099:
2077:
2031:
1997:
1951:
1900:
1878:
1827:
1816:
1792:
1735:
1728:
1699:
1687:
1664:
1631:
1602:
1595:
1570:
1536:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1487:
1484:
1470:dating to the
1452:
1449:
1435:
1432:
1396:on tree trunk.
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1344:Maddison, 2015
1338:
1329:
1316:
1307:Maddison, 2015
1301:
1298:Maddison, 2015
1273:Synapomorphies
1263:analyses. The
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1061:RTA clade
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
977:
972:
970:
964:
963:
960:
959:
952:
947:
945:
940:
937:
936:
923:
920:
914:
911:
875:
872:
869:jumping spider
856:
853:
808:A camouflaged
801:
798:
786:
785:
776:
775:
767:
766:
758:
757:
756:
755:
754:
666:myrmecophagous
626:swiveling its
607:
604:
598:a filament of
560:
557:
555:
552:
501:tetrachromatic
423:
420:
311:
308:
267:
266:
258:
257:
251:
250:
244:
243:
233:
232:
228:
227:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4877:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4459:(ant spiders)
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4394:
4392:(ray spiders)
4388:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Physoglenidae
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4091:Cycloctenidae
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:Cyatholipidae
4079:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4059:(sac spiders)
4055:
4053:
4052:Cithaeronidae
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4024:Anyphaenidae
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:Amaurobiidae
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3965:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3939:Stenochilidae
3937:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3923:Segestriidae
3921:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3910:Plectreuridae
3908:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:Palpimanidae
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3841:Hypochilidae
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3820:Filistatidae
3818:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Araneomorphae
3756:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3695:Macrothelidae
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3682:Hexathelidae
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:Barychelidae
3638:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Mygalomorphae
3593:
3589:
3585:
3584:Opisthothelae
3579:
3575:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3553:Liphistiidae
3551:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3044:(5): 132–136.
3043:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:(2 May 2008)
2699:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2258:(2): 471–93.
2257:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:(2): 443–70.
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:(3): 359–63.
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1691:
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1676:. arachnos.eu
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4379:
4349:Stiphidiidae
4340:Sparassidae
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4331:Senoculidae
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4286:Phyxelididae
4263:Penestomidae
4239:Nicodamidae
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4179:Liocranidae
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4131:Gnaphosidae
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1614:Crompton, J.
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1561:. Retrieved
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1468:Baltic amber
1461:Cenozoic era
1454:
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1319:Lyssomaninae
1310:
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1279:and loss of
1265:sister group
1257:phylogenetic
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4705:iNaturalist
4550:Wikispecies
4457:Zodariidae
4438:Uloboridae
4418:Trachelidae
4399:Thomisidae
4367:Synotaxidae
4362:Synaphridae
4326:Selenopidae
4317:Salticidae
4302:(including
4296:Pisauridae
4247:Oecobiidae
4231:Nesticidae
4223:Mysmenidae
4197:Malkaridae
4161:Lamponidae
4096:Deinopidae
4065:Corinnidae
3994:Agelenidae
3981:Entelegynae
3931:Sicariidae
3915:Scytodidae
3877:Orsolobidae
3836:Huttoniidae
3812:Dysderidae
3804:Drymusidae
3796:Diguetidae
3778:Archaeidae
3721:Nemesiidae
3664:Dipluridae
3648:Ctenizidae
3520:Chelicerata
3518:Subphylum:
3451:Habronattus
2482:(2): 33–37.
1937:10092/17412
1864:10092/17539
1353:Simon, 1901
1332:Spartaeinae
1304:Asemoneinae
1295:Onomastinae
1144:Gnaphosidae
1129:Clubionidae
1089:Sparassidae
900:mate choice
820:carnivorous
585:grasshopper
540:vertebrates
508:ultraviolet
452:Adult male
310:Description
178:Chelicerata
174:Subphylum:
4860:Salticidae
4854:Categories
4583:Salticidae
4570:Salticidae
4556:Salticidae
4526:Salticidae
4466:Zoropsidae
4311:Psechridae
4255:Oxyopidae
4218:Miturgidae
4210:Mimetidae
4188:Lycosidae
4140:Hahniidae
4112:Dictynidae
4033:Araneidae
3944:Telemidae
3901:Pholcidae
3882:Pacullidae
3868:Oonopidae
3791:Caponiidae
3624:Atracidae
3542:Mesothelae
3514:Arthropoda
3449:Movies of
3164:(1): e45.
2999:Hindumanes
2896:: 107327.
2815:Cladistics
2024:28 January
2014:Cimbebasia
1563:28 January
1529:1 February
1506:References
1394:Salticidae
1359:Salticinae
1350:Hisponinae
1326:Hindumanes
1312:Hindumanes
1189:Salticidae
1159:Corinnidae
1074:Zodariidae
1019:Araneoidea
926:See also:
573:sand fleas
542:, such as
373:Deinopidae
361:Thomisidae
353:Corinnidae
296:book lungs
291:arthropods
283:Salticidae
218:Salticidae
168:Arthropoda
4413:Toxopidae
4117:Eresidae
4086:Cybaeidae
4073:Ctenidae
3690:Idiopidae
3632:Atypidae
3582:Suborder
3540:Suborder
3526:Arachnida
3506:Kingdom:
3268:951407473
3220:Peckhamia
2946:239035463
2930:1055-7903
2868:0003-0090
2563:: 25–29.
2515:0003-3472
2360:Phidippus
2342:(1): 1–8.
2336:Peckhamia
2228:13 August
2092:13 August
2020:: 231–240
1990:13 August
1893:13 August
1847:: 26–30.
1809:13 August
1650:BBC Earth
1559:(1): 1–12
1495:(journal)
1493:Peckhamia
1441:tephritid
1410:scrubland
1253:monophyly
1104:Lycosidae
737:Spartaeus
728:Araneidae
716:Mimetidae
649:Phaeacius
617:eating a
581:hemolymph
577:hydraulic
526:dimorphic
466:vestigial
404:Plexippus
392:Phidippus
387:giganteus
365:pedipalps
357:Oxyopidae
248:Diversity
223:Blackwall
188:Arachnida
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
4614:BugGuide
4590:BioLib:
4535:Wikidata
4433:Udubidae
4291:Pimoidae
4104:Desidae
4042:Arkyidae
4019:Anapidae
3713:Migidae
3512:Phylum:
3508:Animalia
3497:families
3379:33384565
3303:14555743
3198:17183674
3158:PLOS ONE
3139:25009980
3088:Ethology
3023:29245556
2984:85680279
2938:34666169
2845:35535038
2837:34724759
2706:BBC News
2685:14555743
2644:30498127
2523:53180070
2443:23925983
2141:22282813
2072:21329083
1985:17998517
1946:20581266
1873:22750020
1787:27746028
1616:(1954).
1486:See also
1445:fulgorid
1341:Eupoinae
1116:Dionycha
1034:Eresidae
922:Taxonomy
742:ethology
554:Behavior
544:primates
489:anterior
398:Philaeus
214:Family:
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
4304:Halidae
3524:Class:
3495:Araneae
3493:Extant
3370:7758311
3347:Bibcode
3343:ZooKeys
3247:Bibcode
3189:1762363
3166:Bibcode
3096:Bibcode
3003:Zootaxa
2898:Bibcode
2786:195–197
2622:Bibcode
2614:Science
2593:9 April
2434:3758018
2371:. v. 9.
2272:5351426
2208:5351425
2149:8039638
2121:Bibcode
2113:Science
2064:2709341
1778:5102792
1757:Bibcode
1680:18 June
1657:4 March
1626:2896911
1457:fossils
1451:Fossils
1414:deserts
1372:Habitat
1283:in the
1277:spigots
705:Gelotia
693:Brettus
632:abdomen
606:Hunting
596:tethers
559:Jumping
341:thistle
287:species
276:spiders
231:Genera
198:Araneae
194:Order:
184:Class:
18:Attidae
4824:150472
4785:466751
4769:NZOR:
4736:871537
4723:101163
4658:1SALTF
4541:Q11687
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1281:tapeta
824:nectar
732:Portia
724:Portia
711:Portia
708:, and
641:Portia
493:vision
471:opsins
422:Vision
385:Hyllus
280:family
225:, 1841
4819:WoRMS
4806:Plazi
4798:57494
4762:94017
4718:IRMNG
4710:48139
4671:10696
3216:(PDF)
3135:JSTOR
2980:S2CID
2942:S2CID
2841:S2CID
2553:(PDF)
2519:S2CID
2472:(PDF)
2365:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2248:(PDF)
2145:S2CID
2068:S2CID
1804:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1464:amber
907:palps
699:Cyrba
4757:NCBI
4731:ITIS
4697:5644
4692:GBIF
4653:EPPO
4619:1962
4606:1273
4601:BOLD
4500:Bold
3375:PMID
3299:PMID
3264:OCLC
3194:PMID
3019:PMID
3007:4350
2934:PMID
2926:ISSN
2864:ISSN
2833:PMID
2790:ISBN
2681:PMID
2640:PMID
2595:2009
2511:ISSN
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2392:ISBN
2268:PMID
2230:2013
2204:PMID
2137:PMID
2094:2013
2060:PMID
2026:2016
1992:2013
1981:PMID
1942:PMID
1895:2013
1869:PMID
1811:2013
1783:PMID
1724:ISBN
1682:2016
1659:2023
1622:OCLC
1591:ISBN
1565:2016
1531:2019
1478:and
1259:and
1251:The
800:Diet
656:ants
600:silk
487:The
412:silk
401:and
298:and
237:See
46:PreꞒ
4832:WSC
4744:NBN
4645:186
4640:EoL
4632:FWW
4627:CoL
4593:879
4578:AFD
4565:ADW
3365:PMC
3355:doi
3324:doi
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3285:206
3184:PMC
3174:doi
3131:100
3104:doi
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3011:doi
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2503:doi
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2052:doi
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1973:doi
1969:125
1932:hdl
1922:doi
1918:213
1859:hdl
1849:doi
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1765:doi
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1661:.
1628:.
1599:.
1567:.
1533:.
1328:)
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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