Irrawaddy River - Knowledge (XXG)

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depocenter, up to 60 m in thickness, has been deposited seaward in the Gulf of Martaban, extending to ~130 m water depth into the Martaban Depression. Further, 2) There is no evidence showing that modern sediment has accumulated or is transported into the Martaban Canyon; 3) There is a mud drape/blanket wrapping around the narrow western Myanmar Shelf in the eastern Bay of Bengal. The thickness of the mud deposit is up to 20 m nearshore and gradually thins to the slope at −300 m water depth, and likely escapes into the deep Andaman Trench; 4) The estimated total amount of Holocene sediments deposited offshore is ~1290 × 10 tons. If we assume this has mainly accumulated since the middle Holocene highstand (~6000 yr BP) like other major deltas, the historical annual mean depositional flux on the shelf would be 215 Mt/yr, which is equivalent to ~35% of the modern Ayeyarwady-Thanlwin rivers derived sediments; 5) Unlike other large river systems in Asia, such as the Yangtze and Mekong, this study indicates a bi-directional transport and depositional pattern controlled by the local currents that are influenced by tides, and seasonally varying monsoons winds and waves.

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plain to the east of the delta was described in November 1877 as covering 300 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and containing millions of birds. Immense colonies still bred in the area in 1910, but the birds had disappeared completely by 1939. Small numbers were regularly reported in the delta

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to Bhamo (1,080 kilometres (670 mi)) throughout the year, but from Bhamo to Myitkyina (200 km) for only seven months. More than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) of navigable waterways exist in the Irrawaddy delta, and there is a system of connecting canals. The Sittang is usable by smaller

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Collectively, the modern Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) and Thanlwin (Salween) rivers deliver >600 Mt/yr of sediment to the sea. Most recent study shows: 1) There is little modern sediment accumulating on the shelf immediately off the Ayeyarwady River mouths. In contrast, a major mud wedge with a distal

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Today, the Irrawaddy is still the country's most important commercial waterway. Despite Mandalay's position as the chief rail and highway focus in northern Myanmar, a considerable amount of passenger and goods traffic moves by river. As the Irrawaddy Delta is one of the world's major rice-growing

1479:, which surrounds dry forest patches in drier areas. The central basin receives little rain (ave 650mm per year) although it does flood quickly during the July–October storms. The one meteorological factor which does not vary greatly, and which is the most important for plant life, is atmospheric 1275:

near the head of the delta is between a high of 32,600 cubic metres (1,150,000 cu ft) and a low of 2,300 cubic metres (81,000 cu ft) per second. The discharge can be as high as 40,393 cubic meter per second in the rainy season. Over a year, the discharge averages 15,112 cubic

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carried downstream by the river. As a result of heavy rainfall varying from 2,000 to 3,000 millimetres (79–118 in) a year in the delta, and the motion and sediment load of the river, the delta surface extends into the Andaman Sea at a rate of about 50 metres (160 ft) per year.

1753:) can be found in the southern part of the delta. The species was formerly abundant in coastal regions, but population numbers have decreased because of a combination of commercial skin hunting, habitat loss, drowning in fishing nets and over-collection of living animals to supply 1467:

The Irrawaddy river basin covers an approximate area of 255 81 km (31 sq mi). The Central Basin consists of the valley of the middle Irrawaddy and lower Chindwin. It lies within the 'dry zone' and consists almost entirely of plains covered with the

1483:. This is always high, except in the winter in certain localities. Humidity usually does not fall below 75% and is 90% or more for long periods during summer. Another feature is the prevalent southerly summer winds which erode the soil of the basin. 1294:, a range of 9.66 to 11.37 metres (31.7–37.3 ft) has been measured between low-water level and flood level respectively. Because of the monsoonal character of the rain, the highest point is recorded in August, the lowest in February. 2646: 2142:

is project manager of the Confluence Region Hydropower Projects. ParConfluence Region Hydropower Projects, several companies have been or are currently involved in the preparation, construction and financing of the 3,600 MW Myitsone Dam.

1714:) were once widespread throughout the country with numbers as high as 10,000 animals, but in the last decade numbers have dwindled, partly due to transferring the animals to logging camps. Other species reported to be present include the 4550: 2182:

Other consequences of the inundation include loss of farmland, loss of spawning habitat as fish can not swim upstream anymore. The Kachin Development Networking Group, a network of civil society groups and development organisations in

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warn this will lead to a loss of income for fishermen. They report locals are also worried about the flooding of cultural sites in the flood zone. As with other large dam projects, the Myitsone Dam construction will alter the

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concerns. According to the Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam Multipurpose Water Utilizing Project study, the maximum water level of the reservoir will be 290 metres. This makes for a flood zone of 766 km, compromising 47 villages.

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This variation in water level makes it necessary for ports along the river to have separate landing ports for low- and high-water. Still, low water levels have caused problems for ports along the river, as in the

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are found at elevations above 900 metres (3,000 ft). This evergreen forest passes into sub-tropical pine forest at about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) feet. Above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), are forests of

3191:. Studies on Floradiversity of North-eastern Kachin Myanmar Section of Sino-himalaya (N'mai Hka-Than Lwin Water Division) – Ma Kalayar Lu, Myitkyina University, faculty of Botanics, 28-8-06. retrieved 6-12-2008. 2147:

Company has a key position, amidst Burmese Suntac Technologies and state-run Myanmar Electrical Power Enterprise, a state-owned utility enterprise responsible for power generation, transmission and distribution

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No complete and precise list of all the fish in the Irrawaddy river basin currently exists, but in 1996 it was estimated that there are about 200 species. In 2008, it was estimated that the Irrawaddy

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logs – Myanmar is one of the world's top exporters – are floated down the river as large rafts. Before it is transported, teak has to be seasoned, because otherwise it won't float. This happens by

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and the Irrawaddy confluence, lies entirely outside the tropics. Rain falls at all seasons of the year, but mostly in the summer. The valleys and lower hill ranges are covered with tropical and

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and was rebuilt in 1954 after Burmese independence and was the only bridge to span the Irrawaddy until recent times when a spate of bridge construction has been carried out by the government.

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earthquake that struck near the Myanmar-China border on 20 August 2008, prompted Naw Lar, the coordinator of the KDNG dam research project, to ask the junta to reconsider its dam projects.

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species of oceanic dolphin with a high and rounded forehead, lacking a beak. It is found in discontinuous sub-populations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the

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rocks of the second defile. This defile is about 90 metres (300 ft) wide at its narrowest and is flanked by vertical cliffs about 60 to 90 metres (200–300 ft) high.

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from silting up, and dredging is necessary. The relief of the delta's landscape is low but not flat. The soils consist of fine silt, which is replenished continuously by fertile

1196:, and that its present westward course is geologically recent. Below its confluence with the Chindwin, the Irrawaddy continues to meander through the petroleum producing city of 1188:, after which it continues in a southwestern direction. It is probable that the upper Irrawaddy originally flowed south from Mandalay, discharging its water through the present 2884: 3961: 2123:

The power generated by the dams will be transmitted to other countries in the South-East Asian region, with most going to China. Other countries targeted for power export are

4592: 4091:(1972), Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams II. Chapter 3 "The Colonial Legacy", paragraph "Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 2005:

in Kachin State. The total planned output of all seven plants will be 15,160 MWs of electricity, making it the largest hydropower project in Myanmar, surpassing the 7100 MW

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On Thinner Ice 如履薄冰: signs of trouble from the Water Tower of Asia, where headwaters feed into all the great rivers of Asia (by GRIP, Asia Society and MediaStorm)

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built by the British colonial government in 1934, the only way across the Irrawaddy was by ferry. The bridge was destroyed by the retreating British Army during

1238:(Bassein) River, while the easternmost stream is the Yangon River, on the left bank of which stands Myanmar's former capital city, Yangon (Rangoon). Because the 1103:, about 240 kilometres (150 mi) south of the Mali and N'mai river confluence, is the northernmost city reachable by boat all year round although during the 4525: 3519: 4596: 1675:

in the 1940s, but no breeding sites were located. As of 2010, no pelicans have been recorded, and it may well be that the species is now extinct in Myanmar.

3646: 1938:, because of its rapids, is navigable for less than 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the sea. Small steamers and country boats also serve the coasts of the 4132: 4015: 3088: 2971: 4146: 3184: 4373: 4293: 2196:

from enriching riverbanks downstream, where it usually enriches the riverside food-producing plains. This can affect fertility as far downstream as the

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flats. From Mandalay (the former capital of the kingdom of Myanmar), the river makes an abrupt westward turn before curving southwest to unite with the

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was developed to support agriculture. The river is still of great importance as the largest commercial waterway of Myanmar. It also provides important

4245: 1234:(Henzada) and about 290 kilometres (180 mi) from its curved base, which faces the Andaman Sea. The westernmost distributary of the delta is the 4088: 2622: 2504: 4761: 2544: 4756: 3366: 3219: 4103: 3628: 3537: 3257: 2855: 4180:

China in Burma: The Increasing Investment of Chinese Multinational Corporations in Burma's Hydropower, Oil and Natural Gas and Mining Sectors

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It was at this river that a battle between a saltwater crocodile and a tiger was observed that ended with the reptile devouring the tiger.

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between the 2,000 to 3,000 metres (7,000–10,000 ft) mountain ridges. The rivers joining the Irrawaddy are, from north to south:

3834:(2017). "A new genus and three new species of nemacheilid loaches from northern Irrawaddy drainage, Myanmar (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)". 2768: 4480: 3499: 2348:, rebuilt in 1954 after the wartime destruction of the original bridge built in 1934, was the only bridge over the Irrawaddy until 1998. 1169:

from the fissure vents and covers an area of about 62 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The plateau is also known as Letha Taung.

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populations, five species are known to nest in Myanmar at well known island and mainland beaches known as turtle-banks. These are the

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shows a 38% decrease in discharge compared to where the river enters the delta. it also silted up around 278 tons of sand every year.

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Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas In Chin Kin Wah & Daljit Singh

1088:. It is unnavigable because of the strong current whereas the smaller western branch, the Mali River, is navigable, despite a few 599: 922:

of both rivers. Environmental organisations have raised concerns about the project's ecological impact on the river's biodiverse

4654: 4418: 4386: 3980: 3276: 3136: 2352: 1317:, the average population density is 79 people/km. For these people, the river supply amounts to 18,614 m per person per year. 3397: 2598: 2586: 1149:

and Mandalay, the course of the river is remarkably straight, flowing almost due south, except near Kabwet, where a sheet of

3586: 2610: 2159:, Yunnan Machinery Equipment Import & Export Company Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design and Research. 3604: 3460: 2163: 1965:, downstream from the confluence in the oil-field district, is a petroleum port. It is linked to Yangon by road and rail. 1354:

is not common in Myanmar, they do live in and near reserved forests. Attacks on people still occur in the Irrawaddy river.

3792:"Danio htamanthinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of miniature cyprinid fish from the Chindwin River in Myanmar" 3670: 2802: 1010: 978:

in Buddhism and elephants were often a symbol for water and were used as the name for several other rivers, such as the

360: 204: 279: 520: 441: 3349: 1977:(Pathein). A ferry operates between Hinthada on the west bank and the railway station at Tharrawaw on the east bank. 1422:

The streams of the Nmai and Mali that form the Irrawaddy originate in high and remote mountains near the border with

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Along the north–south course of the Irrawaddy River, a number of notably different ecoregions can be distinguished.

1334: 4784: 2989: 2682: 2216: 1516: 918:, yielding a total of 13,360 MW, in the N'mai and Mali Rivers, including the 3600 MW Myitsone Dam at the 3516: 2872:

Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m/s

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tectonic plates meet, raised concerns about its earthquake resistance. Earthquakes in the region, such as the 5.3

4347: 4320: 4224: 4162: 3642: 2922:"Etimoloji Sözlükleri Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme, Tanımı ve r-'li Yabancı Kelimelerin Türkçeye Giriş Yolları" 2559: 2443: 2156: 3085: 1524:. However, most of the large animals including the tiger have been hunted out or seen their habitats disappear. 1486:

The natural habitats of this central zone have been much altered for farming and there are few protected areas.

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Catchment Area (000's sq-km) Chindwin River 115.30 Upper Ayeyarwady River 193.30 Lower Ayeyarwady River 95.60

4271: 1768: 1569: 1092:. Therefore, the Mali River is still called by the same name as the main river by locals. The controversial 1084:

near 28° N. The eastern branch of the two, N'mai, is the largest and rises in the Languela Glacier north of

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Liu, J.P.; Kuehl, S.A.; Pierce, A.C.; Williams, J.; Blair, N.E.; Harris, C.; Aung, D.W.; Aye, Y.Y. (2020).

3567: 2138:, is located at the confluence of the Mali and N'Mai Rivers at the creation of the Irrawaddy. Although the 4241: 4194: 3476: 2380: 1800: 1520:) which is cut for timber. The wildlife includes many birds, small mammals and reptiles such as the huge 4655:"Sr General Than Shwe attends opening of Anawrahta Bridge linking Chauk and Seikphyu on Ayeyawady River" 4533: 2812:. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. p. 2. Archived from 2453: 2279: 1929:

Commercial transportation on the Irrawaddy is maintained for about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi): from

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Below Bhamo the river makes a sharp westward swing, leaving the Bhamo alluvial basin to cut through the

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The Irrawaddy River has five major tributaries. As they flow through the northern tip of Myanmar – the

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occur in the delta, but their populations are small and scattered, with the possible exceptions of the

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As early as the sixth century, the river was used for trade and transport, and an extensive network of

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Hydrological Modeling of Large-scale Ungauged Basin Case Study: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) Basin, Myanmar

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Due to its location and size, construction of the Myitsone Dam has raised significant ecological and

1792: 4711: 4310:(Eds.), Southeast Asian Affairs 2005 (pp. 257–289). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2743:[Chinese Scientists Verify Source of Four International Rivers, Including Yarlung Tsangpo]. 2433: 1346: 1281: 990:), which is found in the lower reaches of the river and known to help fishers who practice cast-net 4100: 3624: 3574:

by Ali Chavoshian, H. Ishidaira, K. Takeuchi, and J. Yoshitani, p. 6 fig. 6. Retrieved 18 July 2009

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is made into the heartwood. Other major goods that are transported from the nation's heartlands to

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lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the confluence and can be reached during the dry season.

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were using the Irrawaddy to gain power in the region through trade and transport on the China –

986:, who birthed the mythological elephant. The Irrawaddy gives its name to the Irrawaddy dolphin ( 4455: 4434: 4402: 4210: 4367: 4287: 4033: 3813: 3787: 3767: 3377: 3238: 3230: 3115: 3109: 3105: 2997: 2835: 2784: 2776: 2765: 2369: 2274: 1628: 1564:

deposited in the delta. The upper and central portions of the delta are almost entirely under

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to different communities and economic sectors, including agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.

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of fish have been described from the Irrawaddy river basin in recent years (for example, the

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of about 404,000 square kilometres (156,000 sq mi) covers 61% of the land area of

857: 845: 832: 818: 4178: 1208:, it flows through a narrow valley between forest-covered mountain ranges—the ridge of the 1056:

The Irrawaddy River bisects Myanmar from north to south and empties through the nine-armed

4746: 4554: 4529: 4484: 4438: 4427: 4406: 4395: 4228: 4217: 4198: 4187: 4166: 4155: 4110:(2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 August 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica. 4107: 4084: 4077: 4003: 3996: 3984: 3965: 3946: 3939: 3674: 3608: 3590: 3571: 3560: 3541: 3523: 3503: 3483: 3464: 3445: 3401: 3373: 3353: 3299: 3280: 3261: 3226: 3207: 3188: 3092: 2772: 2428: 2197: 1691: 1588: 1537: 1225: 1057: 1045: 1041: 975: 881: 674: 160: 94: 4478:

Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts

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rains, which occur between mid-May and mid-October, the volume of the Irrawaddy and its

3692:"Fate of Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin Rivers Sediments in the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal" 2674: 2400: 2269: 2227: 2002: 1986: 1947: 1919: 1903: 1851: 1754: 1707: 1671: 1652: 1644: 1612: 1608: 1521: 1438:

instead of monsoon (deciduous) forest. This region is characterised by subtropical and

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made for flourishing rice cultivation. Later, the river became a key economic tool of

4773: 4664: 4127: 3977: 3273: 3140: 2966: 2945: 2511: 2235: 2211:. The Mali and N'mai River confluence region falls within the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin 1939: 1935: 1841: 1600: 1408: 1380: 1022: 995: 104: 4122: 2885:"WRITING SYSTEMS: ROMANIZATION Government of the Union of Myanmar Notification 5/89" 1950:, transportation is carried on by steam or diesel vessels throughout the year up to 1643:), which occurs in flocks of many thousands along the outer coast of the delta. The 3031: 2373: 2231: 2184: 2135: 1836: 1831: 1816: 1719: 1620: 1568:, principally for rice. The southern portion of the ecoregion transitions into the 1452: 1239: 1093: 1073: 1034: 999: 931: 506: 426: 345: 89: 4497: 3914: 3888: 3394: 2580:

An island village on the Irrawaddy stays above water on stilts during the monsoons

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on the range of breeding spot-billed pelican populations, retrieved 8 August 2009

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California State University, Chico – The Symbolism of Elephants in Indian Culture

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Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Journal of Turkish Language and Literature

3303: 3032:"Irrawaddy River | Myanmar's Largest River, Wildlife & History | Britannica" 2801:

Khon Ra, Director, Hydrology Branch, Irrigation Department (21 September 2011).

2294: 1683: 1431: 1367: 1264: 1197: 1158: 1081: 571: 566: 109: 57: 4006:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 8 August 2009. 3949:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. Retrieved 17 August 2009 3601: 3457: 3345:"All areas with P/PET ratio less than 0.65" according to the definition of the 2246: 1180:– the Bamar people's ancient cultural heartland – where large areas consist of 1131:

About 65 kilometres (40 mi) downstream from Myitkyinā is the first defile.

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The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya

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topic: Physical features » Physiography, paragraph 3. Retrieved 5-12-2008

2813: 2687: 2664: 2341: 2223: 2212: 2204: 2144: 2128: 2006: 1998: 1764: 1577: 1435: 1404: 1213: 1069: 1030: 1026: 979: 919: 900: 877: 414: 4054:"Sea Turtles in Myanmar: Past and Present, Marine Turtle Newsletter 88:10–11" 1635:), which is very common. One of the most numerous wintering shorebird is the 1310:

sectors, the shallowest point is as shallow as 60 centimetres (2.0 ft).

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Document about the floradiversity in Northern Kachin, in the N'mai watershed

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The Chindwin valley has no railroad and relies heavily on river transport.

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for export are other foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton, and local commodities.

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Birds of the delta are both winter visitors and passage migrants including

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varies greatly throughout the year. In summer, the melting of the snow and

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The White Elephant: Or, the Hunters of Ava and the King of the Golden Foot

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was once widespread in Asia, but is not known to breed in Myanmar anymore.

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The delta of the Irrawaddy begins about 93 kilometres (58 mi) above

1200:, below which it flows generally southward. In its lower course, between 1181: 1162: 1120: 963: 954: 737: 170: 140: 4136:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485. 2975:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 839. 2207:

of an area that is the border of the Indo-Burma and South Central China

1969:, near the apex of the delta, is the rail junction for lines leading to 1882: 3874: 3456:

Information about sediment dynamics in the Yangon River at the site of

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The location of the Myitsone Dam, located less than 100 km from a

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A population survey of the estuarine crocodile in the Ayeyarwady Delta

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in Shan State. The following data is available for the dam locations:

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is only a minor channel, the flow of water is insufficient to prevent

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Ridong Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The geographical source.

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Course, watershed, cities and major tributaries of the Irrawaddy River

4321:"YMEC ® Yunnan machinery & equipment import & export co.,LTD" 4267: 2566: 2477: 2467: 1923: 1891: 1824: 1679: 1581: 1243: 1089: 1076:. Both the N'mai and Mali Rivers find their sources in the Himalayan 994:. Though called the Irrawaddy dolphin, it has been also found in the 3866: 1560:

forests. It is an extremely fertile area because of the river-borne

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is home to 119–195 species of fish found nowhere else in the world (

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is no longer under construction at the convergence of these rivers.

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Gada Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The northernmost source.

4018:, Oryx Volume 34 Issue 4, Pages 317 – 324. Retrieved 8 August 2009. 2706: 2418: 2351: 2335: 2304: 2299: 2264: 2245: 1962: 1899: 1895: 1881: 1861: 1731: 1727: 1573: 1557: 1531: 1423: 1345: 1333: 1299: 1291: 1201: 1166: 1142: 1100: 971: 893: 155: 135: 4211:

Supervisory Office of Confluence Region Hydropower Project Opened

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rivers, it flows from north to south before emptying through the

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The Globe: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Map Society

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The Irrawaddy as seen from the Yadanabon Bridge looking towards

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A detailed documentation of sediment dynamics can be found in

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Variation between high and low water levels is also great. At

1670:) nested in huge numbers in south Myanmar. One colony on the 1176:, the river follows a broad, open course through the central 1910:

areas, one of the most important goods transported is rice.

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flow into the Andaman Sea through the Irrawaddy Delta. This

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topografische & klimatografische informatie over Kabwet

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route. By the twelfth century, a well-developed network of

1021:, itself known as Pegu after its capital, now romanized as 4740:

Rivers Network – Irrawaddy river blog and watershed webmap

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p. 39 (2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization,

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The predominant trees of the drier patches are the thorny

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Woman sailing in small boat along the west bank at Mingun

1958:, which is 57 miles (92 km) by river above Homalin. 1918:, a practice where a deep circular cut through bark and 1141:

About 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Mandalay, at

1706:), which have been reported from all Reserved Forests. 1107:

most of the river cannot be used by boats. The city of

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The river flows through or past the following cities:

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Capacity, Height and Length Data for the Dam Projects

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interests, who set up trading ports along its shores.

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Among the most well-known species in the river is the

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on 20 August 2008. Retrieved online 24 September 2009

4487:, Water Resrouces Research, Vol. 35(4) pp. 1305–1311 4451: 4431: 4399: 4398:(2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization, 4231:

7 May 2007. Paragraph 4. Retrieved 17 September 2009

3987:, Environment issue 1, 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2009 2803:"Water Quality Management at River Basin in Myanmar" 2219:

list of outstanding examples of biodiverse regions.

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metres (533,700 cu ft). Further North, at

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Saviours Sought To Halt Irrawaddy River Dam Project

3853:L. Dudley Stamp (May 1940). "The Irrawaddy River". 743: 727: 719: 714: 700: 690: 680: 668: 660: 648: 640: 630: 591: 577: 565: 551: 512: 499: 491: 473: 433: 420: 410: 392: 352: 339: 329: 311: 271: 261: 253: 235: 196: 188: 179: 123: 82: 72: 67: 34: 2498:The shores of Irrawaddy River near Nyaung-U, Bagan 1874:and floated down the Irrawaddy River, ashore near 914:signed an agreement for the construction of seven 3762:Allen, D.J.; S. Molur; B.A. Daniel, eds. (2010). 1426:. This part of Myanmar, which extends north from 1271:in Northern Burma add to the volume. The average 3757: 3755: 3164:"Lake Chiamay: Asia's Mythical Mother of Rivers" 1459:forest above 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) feet. 1123:, the Irrawaddy flows through three well-marked 1044:'s poem, the river is sometimes referred to as ' 4120:Brandis, Dietrich; Gamble, James Sykes (1911). 3245:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved 16 July 2009/ 2994:The Ayeyarwady River and the Economy of Myanmar 2791:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved July 16, 2009 4790:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 4557:, 20 August 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009. 2734: 2732: 2192:characteristics of the river, e.g. preventing 1153:has caused the river to bend sharply westward. 3619: 3617: 3544:Physiography, alinea 4. Retrieved 17-12-2008. 3458:National Center for Biotechnology Information 3437:Basic information about the Bago Division on 1145:, the river enters the third defile. Between 706:60,000 m/s (2,100,000 cu ft/s) 8: 4597:Union Solidarity and Development Association 2840:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2810:Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) 2200:, the major rice-producing area of Myanmar. 4687:"Minbu Bridge (Magway Region) – Structurae" 3114:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 173. 2550:Buffalo pulling logs from the Irrawaddy at 2162:At least one Japanese company is involved, 896:, and contains five of its largest cities. 686:15,112 m/s (533,700 cu ft/s) 2250:Irrawaddy River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing 1993:in May 2007 for the construction of seven 1072:of the N'mai (Nam Gio) and Mali Rivers in 652:404,200 km (156,100 sq mi) 56: 4712:"The Nation's Longest Bridge Inaugurated" 3807: 3715: 3677:page 2. 1995 data, retrieved 16 July 2009 3627:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 July 2009. 3611:for the Irrawaddy. Retrieved 18 July 2009 3486:from Henzhada to the river mouth, in feet 872:. Originating from the confluence of the 696:2,300 m/s (81,000 cu ft/s) 4547:Earthquake Raises Concern over Mega Dams 4089:The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia 2393:(Yadanar Pone Bridge/New Ava Bridge) at 2368:(Innwa) Bridge, a 16 span rail and road 2011: 1736:Panthera pardus, P. tigris, Cuon alpinus 3685: 3683: 3602:UNC & GNRDC Composite Runoff Fields 3220:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World 2766:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World 2728: 2699: 2538:Traditional rivercraft on the Irrawaddy 2488: 829:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 4568:""Big Push" for Sustained Development" 4372:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4365: 4292:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4285: 3645:. Today in Myanmar. 25 February 2009. 3563:(2006), University of Yamanashi & 3009: 2833: 2616:Bamboo raft sailing down the Irrawaddy 1033:is a separate river, tributary to the 31: 4498:"Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests" 4458:from the original on 27 February 2012 4248:from the original on 23 February 2012 3210:, paragraph 3. Retrieved 14 July 2009 944:The name "Irrawaddy" is derived from 856: 7: 3424:Article about the Bago Mountains on 3376:, Twenty-First Century Books, 2007. 3327:from the original on 18 January 2017 2984: 2982: 1823:plains and relatively narrow upland 4523:Earth Quake Hits China-Burma Border 4432:Kachin Development Networking Group 4400:Kachin Development Networking Group 3631:from the original on 28 April 2015. 1890:As early as the sixth century, the 3439:the site of the Myanmar Government 3347:Convention on Biological Diversity 3229:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio 2775:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio 2153:China Power Investment Corporation 2140:China Power Investment Corporation 1991:China Power Investment Corporation 1455:, and that in turn into evergreen 1068:The Irrawaddy River arises by the 1009:, the Irrawaddy was also known to 974:in Hinduism. Saka is an important 25: 4158:(14 March 2009) Nawdin Lahpai on 3649:from the original on 7 March 2009 2604:Market on the west bank at Mingun 2203:Ecological concerns focus on the 1474:Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 4274:from the original on 22 May 2017 4078:Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States 3414:The Free Dictionary Encyclopedia 2667: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2558: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2503: 2491: 1886:Market activity in the Irrawaddy 1388:in 2017), and it is likely that 809: 44: 2892:United Nation World Stats Forum 2716:, meaning "abounding in riches" 2151:Chinese involvement comes from 1763:Despite recent declines in the 912:Myanmar's military dictatorship 4663:. 5 April 2001. Archived from 4599:. 7 April 2006. Archived from 4306:Tin Maung Maung Than. (2005). 4169:. Retrieved 17 September 2009. 3535:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3477:Profile of the Irrawaddy Delta 3426:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3255:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3111:Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997) 2920:Ölmez, Mehmet (28 June 2019). 2364:Until the construction of the 2134:The largest of the seven, the 1662:In the late 19th century, the 1463:The Central Basin and Lowlands 930:and the critically endangered 593: • coordinates 514: • coordinates 435: • coordinates 354: • coordinates 273: • coordinates 198: • coordinates 1: 4441:. Retrieved 22 September 2009 4409:. Retrieved 17 September 2009 4201:. Retrieved 17 September 2009 3625:"Irrawaddy River – hydrology" 3016:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2592:Bamboo rafts by the Irrawaddy 2526:Travelling on the great river 2391:Ayeyarwady Bridge (Yadanabon) 2164:Kansai Electric Power Company 757:Second longest source length: 644:2,288 km (1,422 mi) 180:Physical characteristics 3717:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106137 2959:Scott, James George (1911). 2856:"Water Resources of Myanmar" 2640:Irrawaddy river near Bu Paya 1819:– they cut long north–south 1544:The Irrawaddy River and its 1212:to the west and that of the 1161:, a volcanic field from the 962:in Pali) is the name of the 632: • elevation 553: • elevation 475: • elevation 394: • elevation 313: • elevation 237: • elevation 4762:Earth from Space NASA image 4222:Myanmar Information Website 4032:. Nabu Press. p. 239. 3978:Disappearing Wild Elephants 3836:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2444:Ayeyarwady-Nyaungdon Bridge 1607:), about thirty species of 670: • location 579: • location 501: • location 422: • location 341: • location 263: • location 4806: 3959:BirdLife Species Factsheet 3412:Rakhine Mountain Range on 2858:. AQUASTAT. Archived from 2739:Fei, Yu (22 August 2011). 2683:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company 1580:, islands, and meandering 1572:and is made up of fanlike 1517:Dipterocarpus tuberculatus 1514:) with stands of Indaing ( 1493: 1223: 1157:This sheet of lava is the 982:. It can also be based on 888:into the Andaman Sea. Its 868:) is the largest river in 702: • maximum 692: • minimum 682: • average 4227:17 September 2009 at the 4197:13 September 2017 at the 4192:EarthRights International 3915:"Irrawaddy Swamp Forests" 3889:"Myanmar Coast mangroves" 3809:10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.5 3162:Pearson, Michael (2018), 2157:China Southern Power Grid 1989:signed an agreement with 1678:Several species of large 1165:. This field consists of 1017:as the main river of the 849: 801: 755: 710: 656: 561: 487: 483: 406: 402: 325: 321: 249: 245: 184: 55: 43: 4660:The New Light of Myanmar 4572:Perspective, August 2000 4437:27 February 2012 at the 4426:29 December 2016 at the 4405:27 February 2012 at the 4394:29 December 2016 at the 4242:"Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam" 4186:29 December 2016 at the 4165:24 February 2017 at the 4154:29 December 2016 at the 4028:Dalton, William (2010). 3983:19 February 2010 at the 3855:The Geographical Journal 3766:. IUCN. pp. 22–23. 3607:29 December 2016 at the 3589:22 November 2010 at the 3522:29 December 2016 at the 3502:20 November 2008 at the 3482:22 February 2017 at the 3463:29 December 2016 at the 3400:5 September 2016 at the 3352:29 December 2016 at the 3293:Global Volcanism Program 3279:29 December 2016 at the 3187:19 December 2008 at the 3091:25 December 2009 at the 2474:Ayeyarwady-Dedaye Bridge 1172:Leaving this plateau at 745: • right 557:147 m (482 ft) 50:Aerial view of the river 4476:William L. Graf (1999) 4133:Encyclopædia Britannica 3673:14 January 2009 at the 3372:11 January 2016 at the 3225:11 January 2016 at the 2972:Encyclopædia Britannica 2938:10.26650/tuded2019-0012 2771:11 January 2016 at the 2741:"中国科学家确定雅鲁藏布江等四条国际河流源头" 1769:olive ridley sea turtle 1688:Cervus unicolor equinus 1570:Burmese Coast mangroves 1506:and the hardwood dahat 1060:into the Indian Ocean. 793:Quwa Qu/Ridong Ermei ⟶ 729: • left 4757:NASA Earth Observatory 4502:Terrestrial Ecoregions 4083:28 August 2009 at the 3964:4 January 2009 at the 3919:Terrestrial Ecoregions 3893:Terrestrial Ecoregions 3668:Water Resources eAtlas 3517:The Journal of Geology 3467:. Retrieved 17/12/2008 3444:5 January 2009 at the 3095:retrieved 13 July 2009 2383:over the N'Mai Hka at 2361: 2349: 2251: 2242:Major cities and towns 1887: 1879: 1870:logs, made into large 1801:leatherback sea turtle 1797:Eretmochelys imbricata 1668:Pelecanus philippensis 1541: 1540:system along the coast 1355: 1343: 1119:Between Myitkyina and 863:official romanisation: 858:[ʔèjàwədìmjɪʔ] 817:This article contains 790:Longest source length: 479:3800 m (approximately) 398:4650 m (approximately) 317:4760 m (approximately) 241:4760 m (approximately) 4534:Sydney Morning Herald 4528:26 April 2012 at the 4504:. World Wildlife Fund 4420:Damming the Irrawaddy 4388:Damming the Irrawaddy 4106:28 April 2015 at the 3997:Irrawaddy Delta Fauna 3921:. World Wildlife Fund 3895:. World Wildlife Fund 3540:28 April 2015 at the 3506:retrieved 17-12-2008. 3260:28 April 2015 at the 3057:"Irrawaddy etymology" 2510:River Irrawaddy with 2355: 2339: 2249: 2209:biodiversity hotspots 1997:along the Irrawaddy, 1885: 1865: 1777:loggerhead sea turtle 1773:Lepidochelys olivacea 1659:) are also abundant. 1595:), a wide variety of 1535: 1496:Irrawaddy dry forests 1490:Irrawaddy dry forests 1411:and South-East Asia. 1401:Orcaella brevirostris 1349: 1337: 988:Orcaella brevirostris 615:15.85528°N 95.24083°E 536:25.70000°N 97.50000°E 457:27.74667°N 97.03472°E 376:28.53056°N 97.63194°E 295:28.76583°N 97.75028°E 220:28.73444°N 97.87250°E 4745:31 July 2020 at the 4553:27 July 2011 at the 3570:16 July 2017 at the 3365:Thomas Streissguth, 3201:Burma Rivers Network 2709:erawa.ti mrac. From 2381:Bala Min Htin Bridge 1858:Economy and politics 1805:Dermochelys coriacea 1793:hawksbill sea turtle 1633:Larus brunnicephalus 1609:migratory shorebirds 1528:Irrawaddy Delta Area 1512:Tectona hamiltoniana 1321:Sediments to the Sea 1046:The Road to Mandalay 636:0 m (0 ft) 4635:on 29 December 2016 4623:"myanmargeneva.org" 4593:"Roads and Bridges" 4354:on 29 December 2016 4327:on 29 December 2016 4002:15 May 2008 at the 3945:15 May 2008 at the 3940:Wetlands in Myanmar 3790:; M. Norén (2017). 3708:2020MGeol.423j6137L 3643:"Shallow Irrawaddy" 3559:11 May 2011 at the 3497:rainfall in Myanmar 3367:Myanmar in pictures 3298:14 May 2013 at the 3206:9 July 2009 at the 3137:"Irrawaddy Dolphin" 3067:on 17 February 2010 2565:The great river at 2014: 1747:saltwater crocodile 1724:crab-eating macaque 1684:Malayan sambar deer 1664:spot-billed pelican 1641:Charadrius mongolus 1593:Phalacrocorax carbo 1390:undescribed species 1352:saltwater crocodile 1340:spot-billed pelican 1220:The Irrawaddy Delta 1214:Pegu Yoma Mountains 1019:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 795:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 765:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 761:Kaidag Qu/Gadag Qu: 715:Basin features 611: / 532: / 453: / 372: / 291: / 216: / 4483:1 May 2011 at the 4216:1 May 2011 at the 3384:. Retrieved 16-12. 3106:Perrin, William F. 3036:www.britannica.com 2745:Xinhua News Agency 2454:Bo Myat Tun Bridge 2362: 2350: 2252: 2012: 1995:hydroelectric dams 1944:Tanintharyi Region 1888: 1880: 1751:Crocodylus porosus 1637:lesser sand plover 1625:Hydroprogne caspia 1617:Chlidonias hybrida 1542: 1503:Terminalia oliveri 1418:Northern Mountains 1376:Danio htamanthinus 1356: 1344: 1011:European explorers 916:hydroelectric dams 905:ecosystem services 620:15.85528; 95.24083 541:25.70000; 97.50000 462:27.74667; 97.03472 381:28.53056; 97.63194 300:28.76583; 97.75028 225:28.73444; 97.87250 4785:Rivers of Myanmar 4532:, article in the 4039:978-1-148-55210-1 3773:978-2-8317-1324-3 3393:Rakhine State op 3356:, retrieved 16-12 3243:978-1-57607-042-0 3121:978-962-209-462-8 3003:978-2-940443-06-2 2962:"Irrawaddy" 2819:on 16 August 2016 2789:978-1-57607-042-0 2370:cantilever bridge 2121: 2120: 1629:brown-headed gull 1397:Irrawaddy dolphin 1385:Malihkaia aligera 928:Irrawaddy dolphin 901:irrigation canals 886:Ayeyarwady Region 825:rendering support 805: 804: 585:Ayeyarwady Region 492:Source confluence 39: 16:(Redirected from 4797: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4667:on 27 April 2011 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4634: 4628:. 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1983: 1934:boats, but the 1860: 1813: 1781:Caretta caretta 1755:crocodile farms 1712:Elephas maximus 1708:Asian elephants 1692:Indian hog deer 1649:Tringa glareola 1589:great cormorant 1556:and freshwater 1538:mangrove forest 1530: 1498: 1492: 1465: 1420: 1332: 1323: 1257: 1228: 1226:Irrawaddy Delta 1222: 1117: 1066: 1058:Irrawaddy Delta 1054: 1042:Rudyard Kipling 942: 882:Irrawaddy Delta 862: 853: 842:Irrawaddy River 838: 837: 836: 823:Without proper 814: 810: 792: 788: 783: 759: 744: 728: 701: 691: 681: 675:Irrawaddy Delta 669: 633: 619: 617: 613: 610: 605: 602: 600: 598: 597: 594: 580: 552: 540: 538: 534: 531: 526: 523: 521: 519: 518: 513: 500: 474: 469:(approximately) 461: 459: 455: 452: 447: 444: 442: 440: 439: 434: 421: 393: 388:(approximately) 380: 378: 374: 371: 366: 363: 361: 359: 358: 353: 340: 312: 307:(approximately) 299: 297: 293: 290: 285: 282: 280: 278: 277: 272: 262: 236: 224: 222: 218: 215: 210: 207: 205: 203: 202: 197: 175: 119: 63: 51: 36: 35:Irrawaddy River 28: 23: 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1523: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1453:rhododendrons 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1409:Bay of Bengal 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1350:Although the 1348: 1341: 1336: 1329: 1327: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1219: 1217: 1216:to the east. 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:Singu Plateau 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025:. The modern 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 996:Bay of Bengal 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 956: 951: 947: 939: 937: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 859: 847: 843: 834: 830: 826: 822: 820: 800: 796: 791: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 769:Dulong River: 766: 762: 758: 754: 751: 748: 742: 739: 735: 732: 726: 722: 718: 713: 709: 705: 699: 695: 689: 685: 679: 676: 673: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 629: 624: 596: 590: 586: 582: 576: 573: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 550: 545: 517: 511: 508: 504: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 472: 466: 438: 432: 428: 425: 419: 416: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 391: 385: 357: 351: 347: 344: 338: 335: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 310: 304: 276: 270: 266: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 234: 229: 201: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 128: 126: 122: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 66: 59: 54: 47: 42: 33: 30: 19: 4766: 4720:. Retrieved 4715: 4706: 4694:. Retrieved 4690: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4665:the original 4658: 4649: 4637:. Retrieved 4630:the original 4617: 4605:. Retrieved 4601:the original 4587: 4575:. Retrieved 4571: 4562: 4546: 4541: 4518: 4508:22 September 4506:. Retrieved 4501: 4492: 4472: 4462:17 September 4460:. Retrieved 4446: 4419: 4414: 4387: 4382: 4356:. Retrieved 4352:the original 4342: 4329:. Retrieved 4325:the original 4315: 4307: 4302: 4278:17 September 4276:. Retrieved 4262: 4250:. Retrieved 4236: 4206: 4179: 4174: 4147: 4142: 4131: 4123:"Teak" 4115: 4096: 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4057: 4048: 4029: 4023: 4011: 3992: 3973: 3954: 3935: 3923:. Retrieved 3918: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3892: 3883: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3839: 3835: 3832:Kottelat, M. 3826: 3799: 3795: 3782: 3763: 3742:. Retrieved 3735: 3726: 3699: 3695: 3663: 3651:. Retrieved 3637: 3597: 3579: 3549: 3530: 3511: 3491: 3472: 3452: 3433: 3420: 3408: 3389: 3361: 3341: 3329:. Retrieved 3320: 3311: 3304:vulcanologic 3288: 3269: 3250: 3215: 3196: 3177: 3167: 3157: 3145:. Retrieved 3141:the original 3130: 3110: 3100: 3081: 3069:. Retrieved 3065:the original 3060: 3051: 3039:. Retrieved 3035: 3026: 2993: 2970: 2954: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2903:. Retrieved 2896:the original 2891: 2879: 2871: 2866:21 September 2864:. Retrieved 2860:the original 2850: 2828: 2821:. Retrieved 2814:the original 2809: 2796: 2761: 2749:. Retrieved 2747:(in Chinese) 2744: 2713: 2702: 2480:, March 2003 2425:Minbu Bridge 2421:, March 2001 2397:, April 2008 2374:World War II 2363: 2253: 2221: 2202: 2190:hydrological 2185:Kachin State 2181: 2176:sociological 2173: 2161: 2150: 2136:Myitsone Dam 2133: 2127:, India and 2122: 2036:Khaunglanphu 1984: 1960: 1928: 1908: 1889: 1837:Shweli River 1832:Taping River 1817:Kachin State 1814: 1804: 1796: 1788: 1780: 1772: 1762: 1759: 1750: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1720:Bengal tiger 1711: 1703: 1695: 1687: 1677: 1667: 1661: 1656: 1648: 1640: 1632: 1624: 1621:Caspian tern 1616: 1604: 1592: 1586: 1552:consists of 1543: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1485: 1466: 1421: 1413: 1400: 1394: 1383: 1374: 1357: 1324: 1312: 1296: 1285: 1258: 1240:Yangon River 1229: 1171: 1156: 1118: 1099:The town of 1098: 1094:Myitsone Dam 1074:Kachin State 1067: 1055: 1052:Physiography 1039: 1014: 1004: 1000:Indian Ocean 987: 959: 953: 949: 943: 936: 932:Ganges shark 909: 898: 865: 841: 839: 816: 794: 789: 784: 781:Andaman Sea: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 507:Kachin State 427:Kachin State 346:Kachin State 29: 4716:Perspective 4452:"Aksyu.com" 4358:15 February 4331:15 February 4160:Kachin News 3495:Map on the 2360:(Yadanabon) 2295:Yenangyaung 2280:Kyaukmyaung 2213:rainforests 2170:Controversy 2003:N'Mai River 1811:Tributaries 1799:), and the 1696:C. porcinus 1627:), and the 1605:Fulica atra 1578:oxbow lakes 1566:cultivation 1546:tributaries 1472:-dominated 1442:forests of 1432:subtropical 1381:stone loach 1368:new species 1366:). Several 1313:Within the 1265:tributaries 1255:Hydrography 1198:Yenangyaung 1174:Kyaukmyaung 1082:Upper Burma 1005:During the 779:2,210 km ⟶ 720:Tributaries 618: / 572:Andaman Sea 539: / 460: / 379: / 334:N'Mai River 298: / 223: / 18:Ayeyarwaddy 4774:Categories 4696:17 January 4639:17 January 4252:4 February 3702:: 106137. 3331:17 January 3135:Tint Tun. 3071:17 January 2932:(1): 121. 2724:References 2688:Ravi River 2342:Ava Bridge 2226:where the 2224:fault line 2205:inundation 2145:Asia World 2129:Bangladesh 2070:Length (m) 2044:Height (m) 2007:Tasang Dam 1985:Myanmar's 1765:sea turtle 1742:species). 1704:Sus scrofa 1436:rainforest 1434:evergreen 1405:euryhaline 1070:confluence 1031:Bago River 980:Achiravati 924:ecosystems 920:confluence 866:Ayeyarwady 854:pronounced 850:ဧရာဝတီမြစ် 797:56 km ⟶... 649:Basin size 606:95°14′27″E 603:15°51′19″N 445:27°44′48″N 415:Mali River 411:4th source 367:97°37′55″E 364:28°31′50″N 330:3rd source 283:28°45′57″N 254:2nd source 211:97°52′21″E 208:28°44′04″N 115:Ayeyarwady 38:ဧရာဝတီမြစ် 4722:6 October 4671:6 October 4607:6 October 4577:6 October 3925:17 August 3899:17 August 3744:18 August 3321:google.nl 3147:6 October 3012:cite book 2946:198780156 2458:Nyaungdon 2448:Nyaungdon 2385:Myitkyina 2260:Myitkyina 2236:magnitude 1946:. On the 1700:wild boar 1554:mangroves 1550:ecoregion 1477:ecoregion 1440:temperate 1428:Myitkyina 1360:ecoregion 1273:discharge 1261:monsoonal 1136:limestone 1109:Myitkyina 966:mount of 910:In 2007, 775:231 km ⟶ 771:182 km ⟶ 661:Discharge 587:, Myanmar 583:Ale-ywa, 527:97°30′0″E 524:25°42′0″N 505:Damphet, 429:, Myanmar 348:, Myanmar 286:97°45′1″E 131:Myitkyina 4743:Archived 4551:Archived 4526:Archived 4481:Archived 4456:Archived 4435:Archived 4424:Archived 4403:Archived 4392:Archived 4368:cite web 4288:cite web 4272:Archived 4246:Archived 4225:Archived 4214:Archived 4195:Archived 4184:Archived 4163:Archived 4152:Archived 4104:Archived 4081:Archived 4063:8 August 4000:Archived 3981:Archived 3962:Archived 3943:Archived 3842:: 80–99. 3818:27811706 3737:NBC News 3671:Archived 3647:Archived 3629:Archived 3605:Archived 3587:Archived 3568:Archived 3557:Archived 3538:Archived 3520:Archived 3500:Archived 3480:Archived 3461:Archived 3442:Archived 3398:Archived 3370:Archived 3350:Archived 3325:Archived 3306:ranking. 3296:Archived 3277:Archived 3258:Archived 3223:Archived 3204:Archived 3185:Archived 3108:(1997). 3089:Archived 3041:28 April 2836:cite web 2823:26 March 2769:Archived 2661:See also 2552:Mandalay 2403:between 2395:Mandalay 2325:Pantanaw 2320:Hinthada 2310:Nyaung-U 2285:Mandalay 2228:Eurasian 2194:sediment 2125:Thailand 2021:Myitsone 2018:Location 1967:Hinthada 1956:Tamanthi 1931:Hinthada 1916:girdling 1876:Mandalay 1866:Pulling 1847:Mu River 1821:alluvial 1728:wild dog 1597:Anatidae 1481:humidity 1392:remain. 1372:cyprinid 1304:Mandalay 1288:Mandalay 1269:glaciers 1248:alluvium 1232:Hinthada 1182:alluvial 1178:Dry Zone 1163:Holocene 1121:Mandalay 1105:monsoons 1078:glaciers 998:and the 964:elephant 955:Airāvatī 787:2,727 km 767:56 km ⟶ 763:48 km ⟶ 738:Mu River 448:97°2′5″E 171:Hinthada 141:Mandalay 95:Mandalay 68:Location 4220:on the 4190:(2008) 4130:(ed.). 3875:1787471 3796:Zootaxa 3704:Bibcode 3653:18 July 2996:. WWF. 2969:(ed.). 2751:5 March 2654:Sagaing 2485:Gallery 2409:Naung-U 2405:Pakokku 2346:Sagaing 2332:Bridges 2290:Sagaing 2275:Tagaung 1975:Bassein 1971:Kyangin 1952:Homalin 1920:sapwood 1825:valleys 1791:), the 1783:), the 1775:), the 1716:leopard 1698:), and 1619:), the 1582:streams 1574:marshes 1457:conifer 1364:endemic 1330:Ecology 1278:Sagaing 1259:Due to 1236:Pathein 1192:to the 1125:defiles 1115:Defiles 1064:Sources 1013:as the 992:fishing 984:Iravati 960:Erāvatī 950:Irāvatī 884:in the 870:Myanmar 846:Burmese 750:Myitnge 151:Pakokku 146:Sagaing 100:Sagaing 77:Myanmar 73:Country 4036: 3873: 3816: 3770: 3565:ICHARM 3380: 3241: 3233: 3118: 3000: 2944: 2905:3 July 2787: 2779: 2714:revatī 2567:Mingun 2478:Dedaye 2468:Maubin 2429:Magway 2232:Indian 2117:1,560 2039:Laiza 2033:Phizaw 2024:Chibwe 2001:, and 1924:Yangon 1900:canals 1892:Bamars 1738:, and 1732:otters 1730:, and 1680:mammal 1651:) and 1611:, the 1280:, the 1090:rapids 1040:After 1035:Yangon 785:Total: 723: 664: 641:Length 495: 257: 189:Source 161:Magway 124:Cities 105:Magway 90:Kachin 4633:(PDF) 4626:(PDF) 4126:. In 3871:JSTOR 3732:"MSN" 2965:. 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