1603:
Atromizin, Avalon, AZ, AZA, Azacid, Azadose, Azalid, Azalide, AzaSite, Azaroth, Azath, Azatril, Azatril, Azax, Azee, Azeecor, Azeeta, Azelide, Azeltin, Azenil, Azeptin, Azerkym, Azi, Aziact, Azibact, Azibactron, Azibay, Azibect, Azibest, Azibiot, Azibiotic, Azicare, Azicin, Azicine, Aziclass, Azicom, Azicure, Azid, Azidose, Azidraw, Azifam, Azifarm, Azifast, Azifine, Aziflax, Azigen, Azigram, Azigreat, Azikare, Azilide, Azilife, Azilip, Azilup, Azimac, Azimax, Azimed, Azimepha, Azimex, Azimit, Azimix, Azimon, Azimore, Azimycin, Azimycine, Azin, Azindamon, Azinew, Azinex, Azinif, Azinil, Azintra, Aziom, Azipar, Aziped, Aziphar, Azipin, Aziplex, Azipro, Aziprome, Aziquilab, Azirace, Aziram, Aziresp, Aziride, Azirol, Azirom, Azirox, Azirute, Azirutec, Aziset, Azisis, Azison, Azissel, Aziswift, Azit, Azita, Azitam, Azitex, Azith, Azithral, Azithrin, Azithro, Azithrobeta, Azithrocin, Azithrocine, Azithromax, Azithromed, Azithromicina, Azithromycin, Azithromycine, Azithromycinum, Azithrovid, Azitic, Azitive, Azitome, Azitrac, Azitral, Azitrax, Azitredil, Azitrex, Azitrim, Azitrin, Azitrix, Azitro, Azitrobac, Azitrocin, Azitroerre, Azitrogal, Azitrolabsa, Azitrolid, Azitrolit, Azitrom, Azitromac, Azitromax, Azitromek, Azitromicin, Azitromicina, Azitromycin, Azitromycine, Azitrona, Azitropharma, Azitroteg, Azitrox, Azitsa, Azitus, Azivar, Azivirus, Aziwill, Aziwok, Azix, Azizox, Azmycin, Azo, Azobat, Azocin, Azoget, Azoheim, Azoksin, Azom, Azomac, Azomax, Azomex, Azomycin, Azomyne, Azores, Azorox, Azostar, Azot, Azoxin, Azras, Azro, Azrocin, Azrolid, Azromax, Azroplax, Azrosin, Aztin, Aztrin, Aztro, Aztrogecin, Azvig, Azycin, Azycyna, Azydrop, Azypin, Azytact, Azytan, Azyter, Azyter, Azyth, Azywell, Azza, Ba Qi, Bactaway, Bactizith, Bactrazol, Bai Ke De Rui, Batif, Bazyt, Bezanin, Bin Qi, Binozyt, BinQi, Biocine, Biozit, Bo Kang, Canbiox, Cetaxim, Charyn, Chen Yu, Cinalid, Cinetrin, Clamelle, Clearsing, Corzi, Cozith, Cronopen, Curazith, Delzosin, Demquin, Dentazit, Disithrom, Doromax, Doyle, Elzithro, Eniz, Epica, Ethrimax, Ezith, Fabodrox, Fabramicina, Feng Da Qi, Figothrom, Floctil, Flumax, Fu Qi-Hua Yuan, Fu Rui Xin, Fuqixing, Fuxin-Hai Xin Pharm, Geozif, Geozit, Gitro, Goldamycin, Gramac, Gramokil, Hemomicin, Hemomycin, I-Thro, Ilozin, Imexa, Inedol, Infectomycin, Iramicina, Itha, Jin Nuo, Jin Pai Qi, Jinbo, Jun Jie, Jun Wei Qing, Kai Qi, Kang Li Jian, Kang Qi, Katrozax, Ke Lin Da, Ke Yan Li, Koptin, Kuai Yu, L-Thro, Laz, Legar, Lg-Thral, Li Ke Si, Li Li Xing, Li Qi, Li Quan Yu, Lin Bi, Lipuqi, Lipuxin, Lizhu Qile, Loromycin, Lu Jia Kang, Luo Bei Er, Luo Qi, Maazi, Macroazi, Macromax, Macrozit, Maczith, Makromicin, Maxmor, Mazit, Mazitrom, Medimacrol, Meithromax, Mezatrin, Ming Qi Xin, Misultina, Mycinplus, Na Qi, Nadymax, Naxocina, Neblic, Nemezid, Neofarmiz, Nifostin, Nobaxin, Nokar, Novatrex, Novozithron, Novozitron, Nurox, Odaz, Odazyth, Onzet, Oranex, Oranex, Ordipha, Orobiotic, Pai Fen, Pai Fu, Paiqi, Pediazith, Pi Nis, Portex, Pu He, Pu Le Qi, Pu Yang, Qi Gu Mei, Qi Mai Xing, Qi Nuo, Qi Tai, Qi Xian, Qili, Qiyue, Rarpezit, Razimax, Razithro, Rezan, Ribotrex, Ribozith, Ricilina, Rizcin, Romax, Romycin, Rothin (Rakaposhi), Rozalid, Rozith, Ru Shuang Qi, Rui Qi, Rui Qi Lin, Rulide, Sai Jin Sha, Sai Le Xin, Sai Qi, Santroma, Selimax, Sheng Nuo Ling, Shu Luo Kang, Simpli-3, Sisocin, Sitrox, Sohomac, Stromac, Su Shuang, Sumamed, Sumamox, Tailite, Talcilina, Tanezox, Te Li Xin, Tetris, Texis, Thoraxx, Throin, Thromaxin, Tong Tai Qi Li, Topt, Toraseptol, Tremac, Trex, Tri Azit, Triamid, Tridosil, Trimelin, Tritab, Tromiatlas, Tromix, Trozamil, Trozin, Trozocina, Trulimax, Tuoqi, Udox, Ultreon, Ultreon, Vectocilina, Vinzam, Visag, Vizicin, Wei Li Qinga, Wei Lu De, Wei Zong, Weihong, Xerexomair, Xi Le Xin, Xi Mei, Xin Da Kang, Xin Pu Rui, Xithrone, Ya Rui, Yan Sha, Yanic, Yi Nuo Da, Yi Song, Yi Xina, Yin Pei Kang, Yong Qi, You Ni Ke, Yu Qi, Z-3, Z-PAK, Zady, Zaiqi, Zaret, Zarom, Zathrin, Zedbac, Zeelide, Zeemide, Zenith, Zentavion, Zetamac, Zetamax, Zeto, Zetron, Zevlen, Zibramax, Zicho, Zigilex, Zikrax, Zikti, Zimacrol, Zimax, Zimicina, Zimicine, Zindel, Zinfect, Zirom, Zisrocin, Zistic, Zit-Od, Zitab, Zitax, Zithrax, Zithrin, Zithro-Due, Zithrobest, Zithrodose, Zithrogen, Zithrokan, Zithrolide, Zithromax, Zithrome, Zithromed, Zithroplus, Zithrotel, Zithrox, Zithroxyn, Zithtec, Zitinn, Zitmac, Zitraval, Zitrax, Zitrex, Zitric, Zitrim, Zitrobid, Zitrobiotic, Zithrolect, Zitrocin, Zitrogram, Zitrolab, Zitromax, Zitroneo, Zitrotek, Ziyoazi, Zmax, Zocin, Zomax, Zotax, Zycin, and
Zythrocin.
1767:
azithromycin's good safety profile, minimal treatment burden, and cost-effectiveness, but the drawbacks are gastrointestinal side effects with weekly dosing, which are ameliorated by a split dose regimen. The potential role of azithromycin in inhibiting the autophagic destruction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) within macrophages has garnered significant attention. This mechanism may contribute to the observed correlation between long-term macrolide monotherapy and an increased risk of NTM infection and the emergence of macrolide-resistant strains. Azithromycin's interference with autophagy could potentially predispose patients with cystic fibrosis to mycobacterial infections. Despite repeated refutations of a direct association between azithromycin use and NTM infection, there remains a high level of concern regarding the potential for the development of NTM strains resistant to macrolides.
704:
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1371:(FDA) issued a warning that azithromycin "can cause abnormal changes in the electrical activity of the heart that may lead to a potentially fatal irregular heart rhythm." The FDA noted in the warning a 2012 study that found the drug may increase the risk of death, especially in those with heart problems, compared with those on other antibiotics such as amoxicillin or no antibiotic. The warning indicated people with preexisting conditions are at particular risk, such as those with abnormalities in the
1424:
cause mechanism-based inhibition. Azithromycin, on the other hand, has a 15-membered lactone ring, which is less susceptible to demethylation and nitrosoalkene formation. Therefore, azithromycin is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, while clarithromycin and erythromycin are strong inhibitors which increase the area under the curve (AUC) value of co-administered drugs more than five-fold. AUC it is a measure of the drug exposure in the body over time. By inhibiting CYP3A4, macrolide antibitiotics, such as
773:
47:
38:
4982:
1432:, but not azithromycin, can significantly increase the AUC of the drugs that depend on it for clearance, which can lead to higher risk of adverse effects or drug-drug interactions. Azithromycin stands apart from other macrolide antibiotics because it is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, and does not significantly increase AUC value of co-administered drugs.
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1301:
inflammation due to its immunomodulatory properties. The recommended dosage for controlling asthma exacerbations with azithromycin is either 500 mg or 250 mg taken orally as tablets three times a week. In adults with severe asthma, low-dose azithromycin may be prescribed as an add-on treatment when standard therapies such as
1690:
signaling causing reduced inflammation. Despite the efficiency of treating rosacea with azithromycin, the exact mechanism of why azithromycin is effective in treating rosacea are not completely understood. It is unclear whether its antibacterial or immunomodulatory properties or a combination of both
1577:
In 2010, azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic for outpatients in the US, whereas in Sweden, where outpatient antibiotic use is a third as prevalent, macrolides are only on 3% of prescriptions. In 2017, and 2022, azithromycin was the second most prescribed antibiotic for outpatients in the
1314:
bacteria in the airways but also increases resistance against macrolide antibiotics. The specific pharmacological mechanisms through which azithromycin interacts with the patient's microbiome remain unknown as of 2024; research continues to explore how changes in microbial composition influence drug
1419:
ring and sugar moieties. Macrolides can inhibit CYP3A4 by a mechanism called mechanism-based inhibition (MBI), which involves the formation of reactive metabolites that bind covalently and irreversibly to the enzyme, rendering it inactive. Mechanism-based inhibition is more serious and long-lasting
1602:
It is sold under many brand names worldwide including 3-Micina, A Sai Qi, Abacten, Abbott, Acex, Acithroc, Actazith, Agitro, Ai Mi Qi, Amixef, Amizin, Amovin, An Mei Qin, Ao Li Ping, Apotex, Lebanon, Aratro, Aruzilina, Arzomicin, Arzomidol, Asizith, Asomin, Astidal, Astro, Athofix, Athxin, Atizor,
1423:
The degree of mechanism-based inhibition by macrolides depends on the size and structure of their lactone ring. Clarithromycin and erythromycin have a 14-membered lactone ring, which is more prone to demethylation by CYP3A4 and subsequent formation of nitrosoalkenes, the reactive metabolites that
1305:
or long-acting beta2-agonists are not sufficient. Long-term use of azithromycin in patients with persistent symptomatic asthma aims to decrease the frequency of asthma exacerbations and improve their quality of life. While both its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects play crucial roles in
1300:
Azithromycin has beneficial effects in the treatment of asthma. It possesses antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties which contribute to its effectiveness. Asthma exacerbations can be caused by chronic neutrophilic inflammation, and azithromycin is known to reduce this type of
1524:
signed a licensing agreement, which gave Pfizer exclusive rights for the sale of azithromycin in
Western Europe and the United States. Pliva put its azithromycin on the market in Central and Eastern Europe. Pfizer launched azithromycin under Pliva's license in other markets under the brand name
815:
InChI=1S/C38H72N2O12/c1-15-27-38(10,46)31(42)24(6)40(13)19-20(2)17-36(8,45)33(52-35-29(41)26(39(11)12)16-21(3)48-35)22(4)30(23(5)34(44)50-27)51-28-18-37(9,47-14)32(43)25(7)49-28/h20-33,35,41-43,45-46H,15-19H2,1-14H3/t20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32+,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-/m1/s1
1766:
Azithromycin therapy in cystic fibrosis patients yields a modest respiratory function improvement, reduces exacerbation risk, and extends time to exacerbation up to six months; still, long-term efficacy data is a subject of ongoing research. Potential benefits of azithromycin therapy is
1310:. The richness (diversity) of the lung microbiome has been identified as a key factor in determining the effectiveness of azithromycin treatment. Azithromycin has significant interactions with the patient's microbiome. Long-term use of azithromycin reduces the presence of
4517:
Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham JW, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, James AL, et al. (August 2017). "Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial".
1743:, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in COVID-19 infection. Despite early evidence showing azithromycin slowed down coronavirus multiplication in laboratory settings, further research indicates it to be ineffective as a treatment for
4889:
Crosara LF, Orsini PV, Eskandar K, Khalil SM, Castilhos GS, Strahl PA, et al. (April 2024). "Single-dose oral azithromycin prophylaxis in planned vaginal delivery for sepsis prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
1411:
is an enzyme that metabolizes many drugs in the liver. Some drugs can inhibit CYP3A4, which means they reduce its activity and increase the blood levels of the drugs that depend on it for elimination. This can lead to adverse effects or drug-drug interactions.
1770:
Azithromycin has been shown to be an effective preventive measure against many postpartum infections in mothers following planned vaginal births; still, its impact on neonatal outcomes remains inconclusive and is the subject of ongoing research.
2849:
Amano A, Kishi N, Koyama H, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto S, Uchino K, et al. (September 2016). "In vitro activity of sitafloxacin against atypical bacteria (2009-2014) and comparison between susceptibility of clinical isolates in 2009 and 2012".
2481:
In adults with acute sinusitis, a 3-day course of azithromycin was as effective and well tolerated as a 10-day course of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. A significantly simpler dosage regimen and faster clinical effect were the advantages of
4330:
Durán-Álvarez JC, Prado B, Zanella R, Rodríguez M, Díaz S (November 2023). "Wastewater surveillance of pharmaceuticals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City and the
Mezquital Valley: A comprehensive environmental risk assessment".
1497:, azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma due to
4035:
Yadav S, Dalai P, Gowda S, Nivsarkar M, Agrawal-Rajput R (October 2023). "Azithromycin alters Colony
Stimulating Factor-1R (CSF-1R) expression and functional output of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages: A novel report".
4286:
Ersoy B, Aktan B, Kilic K, Sakat MS, Sipal S (July 2018). "The anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on histamine-induced otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs".
3524:
3930:
1488:
Azithromycin is an acid-stable antibiotic, so it can be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed, but absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration
1674:. By decreasing the number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, azithromycin probably controls potential tissue damage during inflammation. These effects are believed to be due to azithromycin's ability to suppress a
2038:
1447:, a condition that causes muscle pain and damage. Azithromycin, however, does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of statins and is considered a safer alternative than other macrolide antibiotics.
5025:
1654:. Cytokines are small proteins that are secreted by immune cells and play a key role in the immune response. Studies suggest that azithromycin can decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as
1291:
is unclear. It was reported that because only low levels are found in breast milk and the medication has also been used in young children, it is unlikely that breastfed infants would have adverse effects.
1520:
A team of researchers at the pharmaceutical company Pliva in Zagreb, former
Yugoslavia (present day Croatia) discovered azithromycin in 1980. The company Pliva patented it in 1981. In 1986, Pliva and
264:
1334:
Most common adverse effects are diarrhea (5%), nausea (3%), abdominal pain (3%), and vomiting. Fewer than 1% of people stop taking the drug due to side effects. Nervousness, skin reactions, and
1306:
treating asthma, studies suggest that responsiveness to azithromycin therapy depends on individual variations in lung bacterial burden and microbial composition, collectively referred to as the
1375:, low blood levels of potassium or magnesium, a slower than normal heart rate, or those who use certain drugs to treat abnormal heart rhythms. The warning mentioned that azithromycin causes
4663:"Doxycycline for community treatment of suspected COVID-19 in people at high risk of adverse outcomes in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial"
3324:
3253:
1501:
and its high lipid solubility. Azithromycin's half-life allows a large single dose to be administered and yet maintain bacteriostatic levels in the infected tissue for several days.
5912:
5018:
1508:
excretion of azithromycin, predominantly unchanged, is a major route of elimination. Over the course of a week, about 6% of the administered dose appears as an unchanged drug in
199:
4927:"Can the use of azithromycin during labour reduce the incidence of infection among puerperae and newborns? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
3493:
3700:"Application of Different Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Assays for the Analysis of Macrolide Antibiotics from Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Matrices"
1646:
Azithromycin is researched for its supposed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which are believed to be exhibited through its suppression of proinflammatory
4474:
Ghimire JJ, Jat KR, Sankar J, Lodha R, Iyer VK, Gautam H, et al. (June 2022). "Azithromycin for Poorly
Controlled Asthma in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial".
1760:
1127:
Azithromycin has relatively broad but shallow antibacterial activity. It inhibits some Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, and many atypical bacteria.
5011:
2031:
2496:"Efficacy and safety of azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate for otitis media in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
1326:
via this mechanism. Azithromycin is believed to produce its effects through suppressing certain immune responses that may contribute to inflammation of the airways.
3551:"Macrolide - induced clinically relevant drug interactions with cytochrome P-450A (CYP) 3A4: an update focused on clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin"
1443:-lowering drugs that are mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. Co-administration of clarithromycin or erythromycin with statins can increase the risk of statin-induced
77:
1938:
787:
3627:
1025:. A 2021 study concluded that Azithromycin was comparable to amoxicillin/clavulanate in its treatment and that it was safer and more tolerable in children.
4728:
3744:
3958:
3924:
1400:
as it may lead to colchicine toxicity. Symptoms of colchicine toxicity include gastrointestinal upset, fever, myalgia, pancytopenia, and organ failure.
4081:"Clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment"
2998:
2550:"Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults"
1080:. The benefits of long-term prophylaxis must be weighed on a patient-by-patient basis against the risk of cardiovascular and other adverse effects.
972:
and is sold under many brand names worldwide. In 2022, it was the 78th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8
5821:
2367:
2342:
2297:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
2264:
2228:
1740:
1319:
957:
3243:
2270:
2234:
4840:"Treatable traits and challenges in the clinical management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis"
3767:
4243:
Bakar O, Demirçay Z, Yuksel M, Haklar G, Sanisoglu Y (March 2007). "The effect of azithromycin on reactive oxygen species in rosacea".
3492:
Hougaard
Christensen MM, Bruun Haastrup M, Øhlenschlaeger T, Esbech P, Arnspang Pedersen S, Bach Dunvald AC, et al. (April 2020).
5907:
3964:
4191:"Azithromycin attenuates wheezing after pulmonary inflammation through inhibiting histone H3K27me3 hypermethylation mediated by EZH2"
3817:
1614:
as Anex-AZ, Azifine-C, Aziter-C, Brutacef-AZ, Cezee, Fixicom-AZ, Emtax-AZ, Olcefone-AZ, Starfix-AZ, Zeph-AZ, Zicin-CX, and Zifi-AZ.
807:
1803:
4750:
Southern KW, Solis-Moya A, Kurz D, Smith S (February 2024). "Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis".
2169:
5897:
5003:
3988:"Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin inhibit interleukin-8 secretion without disrupting human sinonasal epithelial integrity in vitro"
3332:
2005:
434:)-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo- 11-{oxy}-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadec-13-yl 2,6-dideoxy-3
1833:
1339:
386:
249:
109:
3465:
2088:
5902:
2394:
180:
2536:
Azithromycin is comparable to amoxicillin/clavulanate to treat otitis media in children, and it is safer and more tolerable.
1284:
No harm has been found with use during pregnancy. However, there are no adequate well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
3354:
3184:
Tilelli JA, Smith KM, Pettignano R (January 2006). "Life-threatening bradyarrhythmia after massive azithromycin overdose".
3022:"Macrolides: from in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to clinical practice in respiratory diseases"
920:
5892:
5887:
3328:
1756:
1376:
1368:
926:
560:
128:
3600:"A concise review of HPLC, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods for determination of azithromycin in various biological matrices"
5838:
5038:
2115:"Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center"
1007:
660:
5857:
4791:"Comparison of gastrointestinal side effects from different doses of azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhoea"
2195:
1578:
United States. In 2022, it was the 78th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8
5770:
3325:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: Azithromycin (Zithromax or Zmax) and the risk of potentially fatal heart rhythms"
2320:
2292:
2006:"Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension"
1504:
Following a single dose of 500 mg, the apparent terminal elimination half-life of azithromycin is 68 hours.
3381:"Colchicine and macrolides: a cohort study of the risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant exposure"
2718:"Doxycycline vs azithromycin in patients with scrub typhus: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis"
5289:
4711:
1251:
1152:
1145:
1103:
1030:
1002:
965:
509:
3915:
2032:"List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: azithromycin (systemic use formulations)"
1435:
The difference in CYP3A4 inhibition by macrolides has clinical implications, for example for people who take
5826:
1721:
1717:
165:
699:
5172:
3880:
Hicks LA, Taylor TH, Hunkler RJ (September 2013). "More on U.S. outpatient antibiotic prescribing, 2010".
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than reversible inhibition, as it requires the synthesis of new enzyme molecules to restore the activity.
1302:
1272:
1194:
1187:
1159:
1114:
1068:
Prevention and treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to
1061:
990:
874:
4612:"Effect of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination Use in COVID-19 Patients - An Umbrella Review"
1856:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
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996:
500:
4561:
Popp M, Stegemann M, Riemer M, Metzendorf M, Romero CS, Mikolajewska A, et al. (22 October 2021).
4138:
Terpstra LC, Altenburg J, Doodeman HJ, Piñeros YSS, Lutter R, Heijerman HGM, et al. (April 2023).
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Azithromycin is a member of macrolides that are a class of antibiotics with a cyclic structure with a
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1855:
1699:
1675:
1562:
1173:
353:
192:
2599:
Randel A (September 2013). "IDSA Updates
Guideline for Managing Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis".
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1759:. After a large-scale trial showed no benefit of using azithromycin in treating COVID-19, the UK's
1559:
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1053:
930:
886:
858:
676:
455:
176:
172:
2548:
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et al. (March 2007).
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antibiotic. It works by decreasing the production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.
139:
2802:"Review of Azithromycin Ophthalmic 1% Solution (AzaSite) for the Treatment of Ocular Infections"
960:. The World Health Organization lists it as an example under "Macrolides and ketolides" in its
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5746:
5315:
4991:
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4907:
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4771:
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Butler CC, Yu LM, Dorward J, Gbinigie O, Hayward G, Saville BR, et al. (September 2021).
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288:
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59:
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Gramegna A, Misuraca S, Lombardi A, Premuda C, Barone I, Ori M, et al. (December 2023).
3787:
3348:"Life Threatening Colchicine Drug Interactions. Drug Interactions: Insights and Observations"
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and enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which is important in dampening
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3852:
3711:
3670:
3662:
3611:
3570:
3562:
3508:
3441:
3400:
3392:
3296:
3288:
3193:
3133:
3092:
3082:
3033:
2982:
2939:
2898:
2890:
2821:
2813:
2780:
2739:
2729:
2688:
2680:
2639:
2571:
2561:
2517:
2507:
2457:
2328:
2300:
2134:
2126:
1725:
1607:
1230:
716:
323:
3952:
569:
464:
46:
5871:
5789:
5784:
5496:
5365:
5360:
3986:
Lim DJ, Thompson HM, Walz CR, Ayinala S, Skinner D, Zhang S, et al. (February 2021).
1732:
1307:
878:
341:
331:
3809:
3494:"Interaction potential between clarithromycin and individual statins-A systematic review"
3020:
Zarogoulidis P, Papanas N, Kioumis I, Chatzaki E, Maltezos E, Zarogoulidis K (May 2012).
1345:
has been reported with use of azithromycin. Azithromycin does not affect the efficacy of
1322:
through its suppression of inflammatory processes. Azithromycin is potentially useful in
4987:
4953:
4866:
4638:
4344:
4166:
4107:
2903:
2878:
2877:
Chan M, Ghadieh C, Irfan I, Khair E, Padilla N, Rebeiro S, et al. (February 2024).
2744:
2165:
1799:
1493:) in adults is 2.1 to 3.2 hours for oral dosage forms. Due to its high concentration in
1065:
as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy
703:
680:
5832:
5649:
5579:
5564:
5325:
5210:
5198:
5076:
4815:
4790:
4687:
4662:
4587:
4562:
4217:
4012:
3987:
3675:
3650:
3575:
3550:
3405:
3380:
3301:
3276:
3097:
2879:"Exploring the influence of the microbiome on the pharmacology of anti-asthmatic drugs"
2826:
2801:
2693:
2668:
2576:
2522:
2495:
2139:
2114:
1939:"Drug and medical device highlights 2018: Helping you maintain and improve your health"
1671:
1429:
37:
4789:
Ong JJ, Aguirre I, Unemo M, Kong FY, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, et al. (June 2022).
4678:
4531:
3666:
3445:
2461:
5881:
5794:
5738:
5730:
5692:
5682:
5654:
5634:
5624:
5619:
5584:
5569:
5506:
5501:
5425:
5390:
5178:
4503:
4460:
4444:
4368:
4256:
4124:
4065:
3732:
3566:
3461:
1966:
1943:
1915:
1710:
1695:
1667:
1663:
1346:
1288:
934:
893:
692:
301:
101:
4417:
4352:
4316:
4272:
3347:
3213:
3155:
3120:
Mori F, Pecorari L, Pantano S, Rossi ME, Pucci N, De
Martino M, et al. (2014).
2928:"Preventing COPD exacerbations with macrolides: a review and budget impact analysis"
2419:
2084:
1825:
1006:. A 1999 study found Azithromycin to be faster in resolving symptoms as compared to
87:
5778:
5774:
5702:
5639:
5609:
5574:
5380:
5355:
5340:
5330:
5320:
5294:
5235:
5183:
5130:
5103:
5093:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
4763:
4547:
3429:
3071:"Pathogen- and host-directed anti-inflammatory activities of macrolide antibiotics"
3055:
2684:
1731:
The therapeutic role of azithromycin has been explored in various diseases such as
1716:. Inflammation in rosacea is thought to be associated with increased production of
1651:
1498:
1425:
1109:
866:
862:
640:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
20:
2986:
2386:
1763:(NICE) updated its guidance and no longer recommends the medication for COVID-19.
489:
4400:
4383:
4049:
2644:
2627:
2446:"Azithromycin versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute sinusitis"
1703:
5764:
5710:
5687:
5614:
5599:
5594:
5511:
5398:
5375:
5350:
5345:
5335:
5310:
5154:
5125:
4487:
2628:"Azithromycin for the Prevention of COPD Exacerbations: The Good, Bad, and Ugly"
1748:
1626:
1440:
1372:
1361:
1349:
unlike some other antibiotics such as rifampin. Hearing loss has been reported.
1335:
916:
95:
4943:
4926:
4856:
4839:
4724:
4207:
4190:
4156:
4139:
4097:
4080:
3396:
3197:
3138:
3121:
2944:
2927:
2894:
2734:
2717:
2512:
795:
CN(C)3C(C)O(O2(C)(O1C(C)(OC)(O)(C)O1)(C)C(=O)O(CC)(C)(O)(O)(C)N(C)C(C)C2(C)O)3O
5760:
5720:
5715:
5664:
5644:
5629:
5604:
5559:
5554:
5488:
5459:
5439:
5259:
5254:
5245:
5240:
5225:
5220:
5168:
5120:
5034:
4578:
4300:
3038:
3021:
1884:
1755:
has been associated with deleterious outcomes in COVID-19 patients, including
1622:
1618:
1494:
1397:
854:
749:
540:
187:
4628:
4611:
4610:
Nag K, Tripura K, Datta A, Karmakar N, Singh M, Singh M, et al. (2024).
4140:"The effect of azithromycin on sputum inflammatory markers in bronchiectasis"
3783:
29:
5589:
5549:
5536:
5469:
5464:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5275:
5230:
5193:
5188:
5159:
5149:
5139:
2785:
2768:
1692:
1655:
1505:
1461:
1353:
1323:
942:
897:
870:
371:
366:
81:
4962:
4911:
4875:
4824:
4775:
4696:
4647:
4596:
4539:
4495:
4452:
4409:
4360:
4308:
4264:
4226:
4175:
4116:
4057:
4021:
3901:
3866:
3684:
3623:
3584:
3520:
3453:
3414:
3310:
3231:(8th ed.). Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. pp. 132–133.
3205:
3147:
3106:
3047:
2994:
2953:
2912:
2863:
2835:
2753:
2702:
2653:
2612:
2585:
2531:
2220:
Antimicrobial drugs : chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph
2148:
4806:
3716:
3699:
3292:
3087:
3070:
2469:
933:. No harm has been found with its use during pregnancy. Its safety during
5674:
5144:
5115:
3893:
3857:
3840:
3651:"Excessive lysosomal ion-trapping of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin"
2113:
Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN (November 2016).
1885:"Zithromax azithromycin 500mg (as dihydrate) tablet blister pack (58797)"
1744:
1683:
1679:
1647:
1630:
1611:
1469:
1444:
1357:
908:
889:
520:
123:
2333:
2305:
2191:
2130:
1682:
resulting in blockade of inflammatory response pathways downstream from
529:
5659:
4903:
3512:
1713:
1416:
949:
938:
882:
475:
4003:
3379:
Tan MS, Gomez-Lumbreras A, Villa-Zapata L, Malone DC (December 2022).
2817:
5756:
3615:
2970:"Macrolides for the treatment of chronic sinusitis, asthma, and COPD"
2444:
Klapan I, Culig J, Oresković K, Matrapazovski M, Radosević S (1999).
2414:
2412:
1736:
1720:(ROS) by inflammatory cells. The ability of azithromycin to decrease
1706:
1566:
1538:
1521:
1436:
1408:
904:
620:
3737:
Kemija U Industriji: Časopis Kemičara I Kemijskih Inženjera Hrvatske
3428:
Zhang L, Xu X, Badawy S, Ihsan A, Liu Z, Xie C, et al. (2020).
1554:. Azithromycin is administered in film-coated tablet, capsule, oral
3599:
2566:
2549:
1709:
which are particularly relevant since they mediate the response of
589:
2716:
Gupta N, Boodman C, Jouego CG, Van Den Broucke S (December 2023).
1687:
1532:
1509:
953:
772:
763:
600:
346:
2420:"Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"
1702:
through various signaling pathways such as decreased numbers of
1691:
mechanisms contribute to its efficacy. Azithromycin may prevent
1477:
580:
310:
282:
5007:
3069:
Steel HC, Theron AJ, Cockeran R, Anderson R, Feldman C (2012).
2259:. Weinheim: Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. p. 498.
295:
118:
5416:
5067:
2223:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 239.
1863:
1167:
Aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms
948:
Azithromycin was discovered in former Yugoslavia (present day
3275:
Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K, Arbogast PG, Stein CM (May 2012).
1360:. Accidental intravenous overdose in an infant caused severe
984:
Azithromycin is used to treat diverse infections, including:
2327:(6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
937:
is not confirmed, but it is likely safe. Azithromycin is an
665:
3953:"Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions — United States, 2022"
3916:"Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions — United States, 2017"
258:
150:
2360:
Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition
1670:
while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine
3126:
International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
1318:
Azithromycin appears to be effective in the treatment of
4563:"Intervention Antibiotics for the treatment of COVID-19"
881:. Along with other medications, it may also be used for
271:
958:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
832:
4717:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)
2325:
Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine
962:
Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine
5855:
2667:
Burton M, Habtamu E, Ho D, Gower EW (November 2015).
2087:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1967:"Zithromax Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
4079:
Wang Z, Chu C, Ding Y, Li Y, Lu C (September 2023).
1525:
Zithromax in 1991. Patent protection ended in 2005.
1131:
Aerobic and facultative Gram-positive microorganisms
929:
that may cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as
5729:
5701:
5673:
5535:
5524:
5487:
5478:
5424:
5415:
5389:
5303:
5288:
5268:
5207:
5090:
5075:
5066:
3430:"A Review: Effects of Macrolides on CYP450 Enzymes"
3277:"Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death"
3244:"Popular Antibiotic May Raise Risk of Sudden Death"
1686:activation leading to decreased chemokine receptor
1379:that may cause life-threatening arrythmias such as
956:and approved for medical use in 1988. It is on the
761:
748:
715:
710:
691:
659:
639:
619:
599:
579:
559:
539:
519:
508:
499:
474:
454:
377:
365:
352:
340:
330:
322:
248:
243:
198:
186:
164:
138:
108:
94:
76:
68:
58:
53:
4712:"Platform trial rules out treatments for COVID-19"
4710:
2968:
2500:Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
2626:Taylor SP, Sellers E, Taylor BT (December 2015).
1761:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
857:medication used for the treatment of a number of
3173:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 23.
1728:and inflammation, but this remains speculation.
1352:Occasionally, people have developed cholestatic
1051:Genital ulcer disease (chancroid) in men due to
488:
4238:
4236:
3810:"Azithromycin: A world best-selling Antibiotic"
3487:
3485:
3483:
3229:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
2108:
2106:
1747:in humans. Azithromycin in conjunction with of
1735:exacerbation, burn injury-induced lung injury,
1468:. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial
463:
4925:Ye H, Hu J, Li B, Yu X, Zheng X (March 2024).
3841:"U.S. outpatient antibiotic prescribing, 2010"
3839:Hicks LA, Taylor TH, Hunkler RJ (April 2013).
2926:Simoens S, Laekeman G, Decramer M (May 2013).
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
72:9-deoxy-9α-aza-9α-methyl-9α-homoerythromycin A
5913:World Health Organization essential medicines
5019:
2160:
2158:
2037:. European Medicine Agency. 14 January 2021.
8:
4189:Wu S, Tian X, Mao Q, Peng C (January 2023).
3816:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
2079:
648:
127:
28:
2673:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2192:"Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria"
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1617:It is also sold as a combination drug with
5532:
5484:
5421:
5300:
5087:
5072:
5026:
5012:
5004:
3959:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3925:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2381:
2379:
2246:
2244:
1590:
1480:. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
702:
679:
548:
45:
36:
4952:
4942:
4865:
4855:
4814:
4686:
4637:
4627:
4586:
4399:
4216:
4206:
4165:
4155:
4106:
4096:
4011:
3856:
3715:
3674:
3574:
3404:
3300:
3137:
3096:
3086:
3037:
3026:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2943:
2902:
2825:
2784:
2743:
2733:
2692:
2643:
2575:
2565:
2521:
2511:
2494:Dawit G, Mequanent S, Makonnen E (2021).
2332:
2304:
2138:
1537:Zithromax (azithromycin) 250 mg tablets (
568:
4382:Southern KW, Barker PM (November 2004).
3346:John R. Horn, Philip D. Hansten (2006).
2769:"Azithromycin – more than an antibiotic"
1629:as Trivafluc, and in a combination with
1364:, resulting in residual encephalopathy.
952:) in 1980 by the pharmaceutical company
5862:
4567:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2669:"Interventions for trachoma trichiasis"
1780:
1593:
1464:from growing by interfering with their
1396:Azithromycin, should not be taken with
812:
792:
675:
528:
391:
100:
3122:"Azithromycin anaphylaxis in children"
2166:"Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding"
1889:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1698:and thus can suppress inflammation of
693:
27:
3360:from the original on 23 November 2023
3335:from the original on 27 October 2016.
2299:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2172:from the original on 5 September 2015
2091:from the original on 5 September 2015
1806:from the original on 28 February 2017
1741:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1320:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1091:Uncomplicated skin infections due to
1059:Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by
628:
608:
86:
7:
4431:"Azithromycin and cystic fibrosis".
3820:from the original on 6 December 2020
3530:from the original on 2 February 2024
3468:from the original on 2 February 2024
2883:Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol
2273:from the original on 14 January 2023
2255:. In Fischer J, Ganellin CR (eds.).
2253:"Table of Selected Analogue Classes"
1621:as Zitroflam; in a combination with
1287:The safety of the medication during
1028:Community-acquired pneumonia due to
231:
221:
211:
3882:The New England Journal of Medicine
3845:The New England Journal of Medicine
3281:The New England Journal of Medicine
3001:from the original on 27 August 2021
2397:from the original on 30 August 2024
2044:from the original on 18 August 2021
1826:"Azithromycin Use During Pregnancy"
1800:"Azithromycin International Brands"
1633:as Zathrin-AX, Laz-AX and Azro-AM.
588:
479:
4384:"Azithromycin for cystic fibrosis"
3933:from the original on 30 March 2020
2981:(2 Suppl): 52S–60S, quiz 60S-61S.
2450:American Journal of Otolaryngology
2237:from the original on 5 March 2016.
919:, or a type of diarrhea caused by
14:
3967:from the original on 8 March 2024
3747:from the original on 8 March 2024
3731:Banić Tomišić Z (December 2011).
3667:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106007
3630:from the original on 8 March 2024
3446:10.2174/1389200221666200817113920
2362:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
1836:from the original on 18 June 2020
988:Acute bacterial sinusitis due to
925:is possible. Azithromycin causes
5865:
4980:
4731:from the original on 1 June 2022
4667:The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine
4445:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324569
4257:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02322.x
3567:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00261.x
3256:from the original on 17 May 2012
2632:The American Journal of Medicine
2198:from the original on 12 May 2020
733:
727:
4353:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165886
3698:Bekele LK, Gebeyehu GG (2012).
2347:. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1911:"Zithromax Product information"
1550:Azithromycin is available as a
1315:efficacy and patient outcomes.
820:Key:MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N
5527:transpeptidation/translocation
4764:10.1002/14651858.CD002203.pub5
2685:10.1002/14651858.CD004008.pub3
1680:nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)
739:
721:
1:
4679:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00310-6
4532:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31281-3
3598:Sharma K, Mullangi R (2013).
2987:10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.52S
2967:Gotfried MH (February 2004).
2800:Opitz DL, Harthan JS (2012).
2773:Pediatria I Medycyna Rodzinna
2462:10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90044-3
2257:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1565:, granules for suspension in
1013:Acute otitis media caused by
845:, sold under the brand names
4401:10.1183/09031936.04.00084304
4050:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110688
3549:Westphal JF (October 2000).
3501:Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
3329:Food and Drug Administration
2645:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.07.032
2554:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2251:Alapi EM, Fischer J (2006).
1757:drug-induced QT prolongation
1369:Food and Drug Administration
1141:(Methicillin-sensitive only)
903:Common side effects include
4488:10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.025
3768:"The Story of Azithromycin"
3733:"The Story of Azithromycin"
1724:production can help reduce
1569:, and ophthalmic solution.
1404:Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4
1280:Pregnancy and breastfeeding
5929:
4944:10.1186/s12884-024-06390-6
4857:10.1186/s12931-023-02612-1
4752:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
4725:10.3310/nihrevidence_50873
4208:10.1186/s13148-023-01430-y
4157:10.1186/s12890-023-02444-1
4098:10.1016/j.jped.2023.06.004
3397:10.1007/s00296-022-05201-5
3198:10.1592/phco.2006.26.1.147
3139:10.1177/039463201402700116
2945:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.019
2895:10.1007/s00210-023-02681-5
2735:10.1186/s12879-023-08893-7
2513:10.1186/s12941-021-00434-x
2309:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
711:Chemical and physical data
18:
5908:Drugs developed by Pfizer
5816:
5771:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
5039:inhibit protein synthesis
4579:10.1002/14651858.CD015025
4301:10.1017/S0022215118000610
3704:ISRN Analytical Chemistry
3649:Derendorf H (June 2020).
3604:Biomedical Chromatography
3075:Mediators of Inflammation
3039:10.1007/s00228-011-1161-x
2601:American Family Physician
2321:World Health Organization
2293:World Health Organization
964:(designed to help manage
828:
803:
783:
382:
44:
35:
5290:Tetracycline antibiotics
4931:BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
4629:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_983_22
3992:Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
3766:Banić Tomišić Z (2011).
1252:Chlamydophila pneumoniae
1216:Anaerobic microorganisms
1153:Streptococcus pneumoniae
1146:Streptococcus agalactiae
1123:Bacterial susceptibility
1008:amoxicillin / clavulanic
968:). It is available as a
966:antimicrobial resistance
853:(as an eye drop), is an
19:Not to be confused with
5898:Dimethylamino compounds
4439:(8): 739. August 2022.
3655:Int J Antimicrob Agents
3242:Grady D (16 May 2012).
2786:10.15557/PiMR.2020.0048
1718:reactive oxygen species
1582:million prescriptions.
1303:inhaled corticosteroids
976:million prescriptions.
336:38% for 250 mg capsules
4795:J Antimicrob Chemother
4616:Indian J Community Med
3331:(FDA). 12 March 2013.
1542:
1460:Azithromycin prevents
1273:Ureaplasma urealyticum
1195:Legionella pneumophila
1188:Haemophilus influenzae
1160:Streptococcus pyogenes
1115:Orientia tsutsugamushi
911:and upset stomach. An
5903:Macrolide antibiotics
4892:Int J Gynaecol Obstet
3293:10.1056/NEJMoa1003833
2387:"The Top 300 of 2022"
1536:
1341:Clostridium difficile
1266:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
1259:Mycoplasma genitalium
1245:Chlamydia trachomatis
1209:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
1202:Moraxella catarrhalis
1138:Staphylococcus aureus
922:Clostridium difficile
879:intestinal infections
863:middle ear infections
5480:Peptidyl transferase
3963:. 15 November 2023.
3894:10.1056/NEJMc1306863
3858:10.1056/NEJMc1212055
2932:Respiratory Medicine
2767:Sybilski AJ (2020).
2217:Greenwood D (2008).
1676:transcription factor
1338:have been reported.
1238:Other microorganisms
1174:Bordetella pertussis
877:, and certain other
859:bacterial infections
193:Macrolide antibiotic
5893:Croatian inventions
5888:Antimalarial agents
5109:Dihydrostreptomycin
4807:10.1093/jac/dkac118
4345:2023ScTEn.90065886D
4038:Int Immunopharmacol
3790:on 8 September 2017
3772:Kemija U Industriji
3717:10.5402/2012/859473
3555:Br J Clin Pharmacol
3088:10.1155/2012/584262
2560:(Suppl 2): S27-72.
2358:Hamilton R (2015).
2131:10.1310/hpj5110-830
2012:. 29 September 2023
1700:dorsal root ganglia
1595:Brand name listings
1529:Society and culture
1456:Mechanism of action
1381:torsades de pointes
1181:Haemophilus ducreyi
931:torsades de pointes
875:traveler's diarrhea
849:(in oral form) and
291:(Prescription only)
267:(Prescription only)
32:
5843:Never to phase III
4990:has a profile for
4904:10.1002/ijgo.15124
4526:(10095): 659–668.
3513:10.1111/bcpt.13343
3249:The New York Times
2806:Ophthalmol Eye Dis
1753:hydroxychloroquine
1552:generic medication
1543:
1472:, thus inhibiting
1223:Peptostreptococcus
970:generic medication
5853:
5852:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5520:
5519:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5316:Chlortetracycline
5284:
5283:
4996:
4333:Sci Total Environ
4245:Clin Exp Dermatol
4085:J Pediatr (Rio J)
4004:10.1002/alr.22656
3929:. 26 March 2020.
3610:(10): 1243–1258.
3391:(12): 2253–2259.
3227:Baselt R (2008).
2818:10.4137/OED.S7791
2638:(12): 1362.e1–6.
2369:978-1-284-05756-0
2344:978-92-4-151552-8
2266:978-3-527-31257-3
2230:978-0-19-953484-5
1973:. 5 February 2024
1947:. 14 October 2020
1919:. 16 January 2013
1638:
1637:
1466:protein synthesis
913:allergic reaction
840:
839:
774:Interactive image
661:CompTox Dashboard
314:
299:
286:
274:
262:
154:
121:
64:Zithromax, others
5920:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5533:
5485:
5422:
5371:Rolitetracycline
5301:
5088:
5073:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5005:
4994:
4984:
4983:
4967:
4966:
4956:
4946:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4859:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4801:(7): 2011–2016.
4786:
4780:
4779:
4770: 10897949.
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4714:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4673:(9): 1010–1020.
4658:
4652:
4651:
4641:
4631:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4590:
4573:(10): CD015025.
4558:
4552:
4551:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4482:(6): 1456–1464.
4471:
4465:
4464:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4403:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4210:
4195:Clin Epigenetics
4186:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4159:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4110:
4100:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4015:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3786:. Archived from
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3616:10.1002/bmc.2898
3595:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3498:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3171:Medical Toxology
3169:Dart RC (2004).
3166:
3160:
3159:
3141:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3041:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2679:(11): CD004008.
2664:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2525:
2515:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:. 12 August 2022
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1860:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1726:oxidative stress
1608:combination drug
1606:It is sold as a
1591:
1581:
1484:Pharmacokinetics
1367:In 2013, the US
1231:Prevotella bivia
1083:Trachoma due to
975:
861:. This includes
836:
835:
776:
756:
741:
735:
729:
723:
706:
695:
684:
683:
669:
667:
652:
632:
612:
592:
572:
552:
532:
512:
492:
482:
481:
467:
357:
312:
309:
304:
297:
294:
284:
281:
273:
270:
260:
257:
235:
225:
215:
152:
149:
131:
120:
117:
104:
90:
49:
40:
33:
31:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5866:
5864:
5856:
5854:
5849:
5848:
5833:Clinical trials
5804:
5790:Streptogramin B
5785:Streptogramin A
5725:
5697:
5669:
5516:
5497:Chloramphenicol
5474:
5428:
5403:
5385:
5366:Penimepicycline
5361:Oxytetracycline
5292:
5280:
5264:
5203:
5079:
5077:Aminoglycosides
5062:
5032:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4758:(2): CD002203.
4749:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4719:. 31 May 2022.
4709:
4708:
4704:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4289:J Laryngol Otol
4285:
4284:
4280:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4034:
4033:
4029:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3778:(12): 603–617.
3765:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3440:(12): 928–937.
3434:Curr Drug Metab
3427:
3426:
3422:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3287:(20): 1881–90.
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3186:Pharmacotherapy
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2474:
2472:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2231:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2125:(10): 830–833.
2112:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1782:
1777:
1733:cystic fibrosis
1644:
1639:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1548:
1546:Available forms
1531:
1518:
1492:
1486:
1458:
1453:
1406:
1394:
1389:
1377:QT prolongation
1332:
1330:Adverse effects
1308:lung microbiome
1298:
1296:Airway diseases
1282:
1125:
982:
973:
927:QT prolongation
831:
829:
824:
821:
816:
811:
810:
799:
796:
791:
790:
779:
754:
744:
738:
732:
726:
687:
663:
655:
635:
615:
595:
575:
555:
535:
515:
495:
478:
470:
450:
447:
446:-hexopyranoside
390:
389:
355:
332:Bioavailability
324:Pharmacokinetic
318:
302:
239:
167:
160:
141:
134:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5768:
5754:
5735:
5733:
5731:Streptogramins
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5679:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5650:Troleandomycin
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:Flurithromycin
5577:
5572:
5567:
5565:Clarithromycin
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5530:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5391:Glycylcyclines
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5326:Demeclocycline
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5298:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5217:
5215:
5211:Micromonospora
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5199:Nourseothricin
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5085:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5035:Antibacterials
5033:
5031:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5008:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:External links
4972:
4969:
4968:
4917:
4898:(1): 107–116.
4881:
4830:
4781:
4742:
4702:
4653:
4602:
4553:
4509:
4466:
4433:Arch Dis Child
4423:
4374:
4322:
4295:(7): 579–583.
4278:
4251:(2): 197–200.
4232:
4181:
4130:
4091:(1): 108–115.
4071:
4027:
3998:(2): 136–143.
3978:
3944:
3907:
3888:(12): 1175–6.
3872:
3851:(15): 1461–2.
3831:
3801:
3758:
3743:(12): 603–17.
3723:
3690:
3641:
3590:
3541:
3507:(4): 307–317.
3479:
3420:
3371:
3338:
3316:
3267:
3234:
3219:
3176:
3161:
3112:
3061:
3032:(5): 479–503.
3012:
2959:
2918:
2889:(2): 751–762.
2869:
2858:(3): 131–142.
2852:Jpn J Antibiot
2841:
2792:
2779:(3): 261–267.
2759:
2722:BMC Infect Dis
2708:
2659:
2618:
2591:
2567:10.1086/511159
2540:
2486:
2436:
2408:
2375:
2368:
2350:
2343:
2312:
2284:
2265:
2240:
2229:
2209:
2183:
2154:
2102:
2085:"Azithromycin"
2055:
2023:
1984:
1958:
1930:
1902:
1876:
1847:
1832:. 2 May 2019.
1817:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1574:
1571:
1547:
1544:
1530:
1527:
1517:
1514:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1430:clarithromycin
1405:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1331:
1328:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1089:
1086:C. trachomatis
1081:
1074:M. catarrhalis
1066:
1057:
1049:
1026:
1019:M. catarrhalis
1011:
997:M. catarrhalis
981:
978:
896:, or into the
838:
837:
826:
825:
823:
822:
819:
817:
814:
806:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:
797:
794:
786:
785:
784:
781:
780:
778:
777:
769:
767:
759:
758:
752:
746:
745:
742:
736:
730:
724:
719:
713:
712:
708:
707:
697:
689:
688:
686:
685:
672:
670:
657:
656:
654:
653:
645:
643:
637:
636:
634:
633:
625:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
605:
603:
597:
596:
594:
593:
585:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
525:
523:
517:
516:
514:
513:
505:
503:
497:
496:
494:
493:
485:
483:
472:
471:
469:
468:
460:
458:
452:
451:
449:
448:
393:
385:
384:
383:
380:
379:
375:
374:
369:
363:
362:
359:
350:
349:
344:
338:
337:
334:
328:
327:
320:
319:
317:
316:
307:
292:
279:
268:
254:
252:
246:
245:
241:
240:
238:
237:
204:
202:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
170:
168:administration
162:
161:
159:
158:
156:
146:
144:
136:
135:
133:
132:
114:
112:
106:
105:
98:
92:
91:
84:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5925:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5873:
5863:
5859:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5800:
5796:
5795:Virginiamycin
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5739:Pristinamycin
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5693:Solithromycin
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5683:Telithromycin
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:Tulathromycin
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5635:Telithromycin
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5625:Solithromycin
5623:
5621:
5620:Roxithromycin
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5585:Gamithromycin
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Dirithromycin
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5523:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5507:Thiamphenicol
5505:
5503:
5502:Azidamfenicol
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5427:
5426:Oxazolidinone
5423:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:Tetracyclines
5302:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:Spectinomycin
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5006:
4998:
4997:
4993:azithromycin
4989:
4973:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4743:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4326:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3832:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3759:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3661:(6): 106007.
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3561:(4): 285–95.
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3542:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:Rheumatol Int
3382:
3375:
3372:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3268:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:(1): 147–50.
3191:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2938:(5): 637–48.
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2812:: OED.S7791.
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2607:(5): 338–40.
2606:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2482:azithromycin.
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2210:
2197:
2194:(in German).
2193:
2187:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1944:Health Canada
1940:
1934:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1916:Health Canada
1912:
1906:
1903:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1802:. Drugs.com.
1801:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:hair follicle
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:degranulation
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1347:birth control
1344:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1312:H. influenzae
1309:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:breastfeeding
1285:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1104:S. agalactiae
1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:S. pneumoniae
1075:
1071:
1070:H. influenzae
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:S. pneumoniae
1043:
1042:
1041:M. pneumoniae
1037:
1036:H. influenzae
1033:
1032:
1031:C. pneumoniae
1027:
1024:
1023:S. pneumoniae
1020:
1016:
1015:H. influenzae
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1003:S. pneumoniae
999:
998:
993:
992:
991:H. influenzae
987:
986:
985:
979:
977:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
935:breastfeeding
932:
928:
924:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
834:
827:
818:
813:
809:
802:
793:
789:
782:
775:
771:
770:
768:
765:
760:
753:
751:
747:
720:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
698:
696:
694:ECHA InfoCard
690:
682:
678:
677:DTXSID8030760
674:
673:
671:
662:
658:
651:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
631:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
611:
607:
606:
604:
602:
598:
591:
587:
586:
584:
582:
578:
571:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
551:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
527:
526:
524:
522:
518:
511:
507:
506:
504:
502:
498:
491:
487:
486:
484:
477:
473:
466:
462:
461:
459:
457:
453:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
388:
381:
376:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
358:
351:
348:
345:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
315: Rx-only
308:
305:
293:
290:
280:
278:
269:
266:
256:
255:
253:
251:
247:
242:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
206:
205:
203:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
171:
169:
163:
157:
148:
147:
145:
143:
137:
130:
125:
116:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
54:Clinical data
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
26:
22:
5779:Quinupristin
5775:Dalfopristin
5703:Lincosamides
5640:Tildipirosin
5610:Oleandomycin
5575:Erythromycin
5545:Azithromycin
5544:
5381:Tetracycline
5356:Omadacycline
5341:Meclocycline
5331:Eravacycline
5321:Clomocycline
5236:Micronomicin
5209:
5184:Hygromycin B
5173:+loteprednol
5131:Ribostamycin
5104:Streptomycin
5094:Streptomyces
5092:
4992:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4733:. Retrieved
4716:
4705:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4622:(1): 22–27.
4619:
4615:
4605:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4394:(5): 834–8.
4391:
4388:Eur Respir J
4387:
4377:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4248:
4244:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4147:
4144:BMC Pulm Med
4143:
4133:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4041:
4037:
4030:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3969:. Retrieved
3956:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3922:
3910:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3822:. Retrieved
3814:www.wipo.int
3813:
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3788:the original
3775:
3771:
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3740:
3736:
3726:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3658:
3654:
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