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543:. The majority of the population breeds on wetlands in the Boreal Forest and subarctic river deltas of Canada and Alaska. Although wigeons are found in each flyway, they are most numerous in the Pacific Flyway. Key wintering areas here include the Central Valley of California and Washington's Puget Sound. Farther east, the Texas Panhandle, the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas, and the Caribbean also support large numbers of wintering wigeons.
227:
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Breeding begins in April-May. The nest is a depression on dry ground, often some distance from water. It is lined with grass and down and is hidden in vegetation. The clutch is 7–9, cream-colored eggs, which measure on average 52.9 mm × 37.5 mm (2.08 in × 1.48 in) and
455:
The
American wigeon is a medium-sized bird; it is larger than a teal but smaller than a pintail. In silhouette, the wigeon can be distinguished from other dabblers by its round head, short neck, and small bill. It is 42–59 cm (17–23 in) long, with a 76–91 cm (30–36 in) wingspan
637:
and divers and are known to grab pieces of vegetation brought to the surface by diving water birds—so are sometimes called "poacher" or "robber" ducks. Wigeons also commonly feed on dry land, eating waste grain in harvested fields and grazing on pasture grasses, winter wheat, clover, and lettuce.
459:
The breeding male (drake) is a striking bird with a mask of green feathers around its eyes and a cream-colored cap running from the crown of his head to his bill. This white patch gives the wigeon its other common name, baldpate (pate is another word for head). His belly is also white. In flight,
471:, by shape. However, that species has a darker head and all-grey underwing. The head and neck coloring of the female is different from the Eurasian wigeon. She nests on the ground, near water and under cover, and lays 6–12 creamy white eggs. Flocks often contain
1341:
478:
The
American wigeon is a noisy species, and in the field can often be identified by its distinctive calls. Drakes produce a three-note whistle, while hens emit hoarse grunts and quacks. The male whistle makes a wheezy
638:
Having a largely vegetarian diet, most wigeons migrate in the fall well before northern marshes begin to freeze. The
American wigeon is highly gregarious outside of the breeding season and forms large flocks.
460:
drakes can be identified by the large white shoulder patch on each wing. These white patches flash as the birds bank and turn. In nonbreeding (eclipse) plumage, the drake looks more like the female.
577:
In 2009, an estimated 2.5 million breeding wigeons were tallied in the traditional survey area—a level just below the 1955–2009 average. In recent decades, wigeon numbers have declined in the
467:. Both sexes have a pale blue bill with a black tip, a white belly, and gray legs and feet. The wing patch behind the speculum is gray. They can be distinguished from most ducks, apart from
647:
weigh 43 g (1.5 oz). They are incubated for 23–25 days by the female only. The male usually deserts the female before the end of the incubation period. The young are
633:
with some taller vegetation, and usually feeds by dabbling for plant food or grazing, which it does very readily. While on the water, wigeons often gather with feeding
581:
of Canada and increased in the interior and west coast of Alaska. The
American wigeon is often the fifth-most commonly harvested duck in the United States, behind the
1855:
1513:
2001:
1110:
Votier, Stephen C.; Harrop, Andrew H.J.; Denny, Matthew (January 2003). "A review of the status and identification of
American Wigeon in Britain & Ireland".
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1961:
610:
1986:
1806:
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and a weight of 512–1,330 g (1.129–2.932 lb). This wigeon has two adult molts per year and a juvenile molt in the first year, as well.
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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1981:
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566:, and northwestern South America. It is a rare but regular vagrant to western Europe, and has been observed in significant numbers in
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1996:
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and winters farther south than its breeding range, in the southern half of the United States, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and the
1767:
1873:
1531:
1230:
Olson, Storrs L.; James, Helen F.; Meister, C. A. (1981). "Winter field notes and specimen weights of Cayman Island birds".
1881:
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and leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching. They can feed themselves. The young can fly when around 47 days of age.
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since at least 1958. In the United
Kingdom, American wigeons are most commonly observed in autumn and winter.
1991:
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An alternative common name is the "baldpate" due to the whitish crown and forehead of the male bird.
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800:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 463.
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Mini, A.E.; Harrington, E.R.; Rucker, E.; Dugger, B.D.; Mowbray, T.B. (2020). Poole, A.F. (ed.).
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726:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 526.
402:. Pennant had been sent a specimen from New York. The American wigeon is now placed with the
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690:
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780:. Vol. 2. London, United Kingdom: Printed by Henry Hughs. pp. 567–568, No. 502.
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1253:"A review of status and identification of American Wigeon in Britain and Ireland"
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Waterfowl: an
Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World
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General
Zoology, or Systematic Natural History, by the Late George Shaw
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It is common and widespread, breeding in all but the extreme north of
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820:. Vol. 12 Part 2. London: Printed for G. Kearsley. p. 130.
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The hens are much less conspicuous, having primarily gray and brown
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374:. He placed it with all the other ducks, geese, and swans in the
1899:
1272:"Aging of American and Eurasian Wigeons in female-type plumages"
394:'s hand-colour plate of "Le Canard Jensen, de la Louisiane" and
379:
326:
146:
1363:
1166:
Harrop, A. (1994). "Field identification of
American Wigeon".
666:
664:
621:
Flock in flight at
Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex
1080:
National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
1179:
Jiquet, F. (1999). "Photo forum: Hybrid American Wigeons".
760:. Vol. 10. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 955.
1192:
Larkin, P. (2000). "Eyelid colour of American Wigeon".
420:. The name of the genus comes from the Portuguese word
416:
that was introduced in 1824 by the English naturalist
991:
Smithsonian Field Guide to the Birds of North America
1646:
1372:
1251:Votier, S. C.; Harrop, A. H. J.; Denny, M. (2003).
1208:
899:
424:for a small duck. The species is considered to be
696:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680163A92846924.en
1096:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World
954:. Ducks Unlimited. May–June 2010. Archived from
276:
912:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
398:'s description of the "American wigeon" in his
1324:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1137:Ornithology, British Trust for (2015-04-07).
609:Male in flight at the Llano Seco Unit of the
324:found in North America. Formerly assigned to
8:
1232:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
871:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
330:, this species is classified with the other
611:Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex
1360:
539:. The conservation status of this bird is
225:
78:
54:
40:
31:
874:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 241.
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758:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
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558:coastal region, and further south into
364:in his revised and expanded edition of
297:Listen to American Wigeon on xeno-canto
625:The American wigeon is a bird of open
2002:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
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849:. International Ornithologists' Union
843:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
829:
827:
794:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
483:, whereas the female has a low growl
7:
1799:b35ffd8a-5f06-4855-b84b-b4713c64e0e4
1962:IUCN Red List least concern species
1207:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1988).
1143:BTO - British Trust for Ornithology
1099:. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
682:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1022:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992).
390:. Gmelin based his description on
25:
1024:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
847:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
797:Check-List of Birds of the World
738:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
281:
250: Nonbreeding winter visitor
103:
1987:Birds of the Dominican Republic
1313:American Wigeon Species Account
1078:Dunn, J.; Alderfer, J. (2006).
754:"Le canard jensen de Louisiane"
671:BirdLife International (2016).
1835:american-wigeon-anas-americana
1:
1342:American Wigeon photo gallery
1270:Cox, Cameron; Barry, Jessie.
360:in 1789 by German naturalist
238: Breeding summer visitor
1344:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1315:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1287:(2): 156–164. Archived from
1215:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
993:. New York: Harper Collins.
750:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
629:, such as wet grassland or
334:in the dabbling duck genus
2018:
1982:Birds of the United States
868:Jobling, James A. (2010).
742:Martinet, François-Nicolas
447:Male in winter plumage in
1348:Interactive range map of
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100:Scientific classification
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1334:Internet Bird Collection
1093:Clements, James (2007).
718:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
689:: e.T22680163A92846924.
491:Distribution and habitat
356:The American wigeon was
1997:Birds described in 1789
1329:"American Wigeon media"
1052:Encyclopedia Britannica
841:, eds. (January 2022).
812:Stephens, James Francis
362:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
244: Breeding resident
622:
614:
579:Prairie Pothole Region
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418:James Francis Stephens
1921:Paleobiology Database
1618:Paleobiology Database
952:"The American Wigeon"
918:10.2173/bow.amewig.01
746:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
620:
608:
531:, as well as eastern
498:
446:
316:), also known as the
1794:Fauna Europaea (new)
499:Female and ducklings
392:Edme-Louis Daubenton
344:counterpart of the
70:Conservation status
1355:IUCN Red List maps
1319:American Wigeon -
989:Floyd, T. (2008).
910:Birds of the World
901:"American Wigeon (
837:; Donsker, David;
623:
615:
501:
453:
358:formally described
320:, is a species of
1949:
1948:
1908:Open Tree of Life
1366:Taxon identifiers
1139:"American Wigeon"
1048:"Baldpate | bird"
1033:978-0-8493-4258-5
1005:"American Wigeon"
881:978-1-4081-2501-4
839:Rasmussen, Pamela
587:green-winged teal
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1294:on 2012-10-19
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1258:British Birds
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548:dabbling duck
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541:least concern
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513:Interior West
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410:in the genus
409:
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397:
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389:
386:
385:binomial name
382:
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367:
366:Carl Linnaeus
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200:Binomial name
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85:Least Concern
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57:
52:
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43:
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33:
30:
19:
1647:
1373:
1349:
1332:
1320:
1296:. Retrieved
1289:the original
1284:
1278:
1262:
1256:
1235:
1231:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1167:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
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1055:. Retrieved
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1042:
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960:. Retrieved
956:the original
921:. Retrieved
909:
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851:. Retrieved
846:
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786:
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732:
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700:. Retrieved
686:
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556:Mid-Atlantic
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340:. It is the
335:
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290:
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268:Gmelin, 1789
264:
263:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
157:Anseriformes
29:
1843:iNaturalist
1592:Neotropical
1553:NatureServe
1501:iNaturalist
1398:Wikispecies
1118:(1): 2–22.
835:Gill, Frank
792:Mayr, Ernst
702:12 November
439:Description
1956:Categories
1631:Xeno-canto
1298:2011-10-09
1244:10088/6535
1187:: 247–252.
1148:2024-05-25
1057:2021-06-17
962:2010-08-08
655:References
533:Washington
449:New Jersey
430:subspecies
217:Gmelin, JF
1389:Q28106685
1124:0007-0335
649:precocial
595:wood duck
564:Caribbean
552:migratory
529:Minnesota
426:monotypic
342:New World
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
1861:10839935
1695:BioLib:
1657:Wikidata
1558:2.104824
1545:22680163
1519:10515258
1480:52231957
1431:22680163
1426:BirdLife
1383:Wikidata
1202:: 39–40.
1174:: 50–56.
814:(1824).
774:(1785).
720:(1789).
642:Breeding
627:wetlands
601:Behavior
521:Colorado
515:through
352:Taxonomy
318:baldpate
257:Synonyms
167:Anatidae
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
18:Baldpate
1972:Wigeons
1812:2498154
1663:Q703790
1493:2498155
1413:Avibase
1280:Birding
1265:: 2–22.
1160:Sources
631:marshes
591:gadwall
583:mallard
572:Ireland
525:Dakotas
485:qua-ack
465:plumage
422:Marréco
332:wigeons
219:, 1789)
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
63:Female
1967:Mareca
1939:158940
1913:656788
1900:158940
1874:175094
1819:GNAB:
1768:EURING
1760:100626
1747:ANAXAM
1734:amewig
1708:amewig
1676:amewig
1623:335673
1597:amewig
1532:175095
1506:485176
1467:amewig
1441:amewig
1219:
1122:
1030:
923:4 July
878:
853:4 July
593:, and
562:, the
537:Oregon
527:, and
523:, the
509:Alaska
505:Canada
413:Mareca
337:Mareca
248:
242:
236:
178:Mareca
1934:WoRMS
1926:83436
1856:IRMNG
1786:96497
1755:EUNIS
1729:eBird
1705:BOW:
1584:75832
1514:IRMNG
1462:eBird
1454:3Y3C6
1438:BOW:
1292:(PDF)
1275:(PDF)
635:coots
546:This
517:Idaho
451:, USA
428:: no
376:genus
49:Male
1895:OBIS
1869:ITIS
1848:6985
1807:GBIF
1773:1800
1742:EPPO
1721:DGMY
1698:8455
1579:NCBI
1540:IUCN
1527:ITIS
1488:GBIF
1217:ISBN
1120:ISSN
1028:ISBN
925:2022
876:ISBN
855:2022
704:2021
687:2016
570:and
535:and
507:and
380:Anas
327:Anas
306:The
147:Aves
1882:NBN
1830:IBC
1716:CoL
1683:ADW
1672:ABA
1610:799
1566:NBN
1475:EoL
1449:CoL
1353:at
1240:hdl
1236:101
914:doi
691:doi
550:is
368:'s
1958::
1936::
1923::
1910::
1897::
1884::
1871::
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1809::
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1757::
1744::
1731::
1718::
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1674::
1659::
1633::
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1607::
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1581::
1568::
1555::
1542::
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1400::
1385::
1331:.
1285:37
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1263:96
1261:.
1255:.
1234:.
1200:93
1198:.
1185:12
1183:.
1170:.
1141:.
1116:96
1114:.
1066:^
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1007:.
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1242::
1225:.
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1060:.
1036:.
1011:.
965:.
927:.
916::
884:.
857:.
706:.
693::
677:"
673:"
310:(
215:(
92:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
