447:
259:
221:
forms under musicians such as Shri
Raojibua Belbagkar and Ustad Ali Hussain. Music was still something of a leisurely pursuit for Bhatkhande until 1900 when his wife died, followed, in 1903, by the death of his daughter. This led to him abandoning his law practice and devoting his full attention to
266:
After the death of his wife and his daughter, Bhatkhande abandoned his legal practice and devoted the rest of his life to systematising the prevailing forms of
Hindustani music and building on that system a coordinated theory and practice of music. During his travels in India, he spent time in the
395:
introduced their improved versions, it remained a publisher's favorite. It suffered a setback with the onset of desktop publishing, which found inserting marks above and below
Devanagari text cumbersome; as a result, books carrying compositions yielded to theoretical texts. A recently developed
357:, in Sanskrit, under the pseudonym 'Chatur-pandit'. To make this cultural heritage accessible to the common man, he published commentary on his own Sanskrit grantha in Marathi over a span of several years; it was published over four volumes bearing the title:
515:
Hindustani
Sangeet Paddhati in 4 parts – A commentary on the Lakshya Sangeetam in Marathi. It is a detailed study and discussion of the theory of music and explanation of 150 Ragas of Hindustani music. This important work has been translated into
519:
Kramik Pustak Malika – This book was published in six parts. It is a detailed textbook of
Hindustani music, describing all the important Ragas, their theory and illustrated with well-known compositions in notations. It contains about 1,200 such
186:. While not a professional musician himself, his father, who worked for an affluent businessman, ensured that Vishnu Narayan and his siblings received an education in classical music. After turning fifteen, Bhatkhande became a student of the
294:
Bhatkhande travelled to South India, arriving in Madras (now
Chennai) in 1904. With the help of local contacts he began to familiarise himself with the world of Carnatic music. He established contact with stalwarts such as
342:, both treatises that sought to classify ragas. The two works along with others and his observations from his travels in North India enabled Bhatkhande to classify Hindustani ragas using a system of ten, much like the
213:, a music appreciation society in Bombay, which broadened his experience with music performance and teaching. He studied at the Mandali for six years and learned a variety of compositions in both
481:). Preparation of that course material was a landmark achievement of Bhatkhande since musical knowledge used to be passed on orally in earlier times from Gurus and Ustads to their disciples.
488:
as a series of textbooks. He also started the tradition of the All India Music
Conferences to provide a common platform for discussion between Hindustani and Carnatic classical musicians.
454:
Bhatkhande started schools and colleges in India for systematic teaching of
Hindustani music. In 1916, he reorganized the Baroda state music school, and later, with the help of the
419:. Though the thaats do not encompass all possible ragas, they do cover the vast majority and are a key contribution to Indian musical theory. The thaat structure corresponds to the
738:
168:
system. He noted that several ragas did not conform to their description in ancient
Sanskrit texts. He explained the ragas in an easy-to-understand language and composed several
919:
909:
199:
383:
and
Krishna Kumar Kapoor are among the notable scholars who followed in the footsteps of Bhatkhande. His notation system became standard and though later scholars like
151:, an art which had been propagated for centuries mostly through oral traditions. During those earlier times, the art had undergone several changes, rendering the
363:. These volumes form today the standard text on Hindustani music, an indispensable starting point for any student of Hindustani Classical Music. His disciple
319:
but the language barrier made these interactions less fruitful than he expected. Notes from a journal maintained of his time there were later published as
944:
939:
536:
Geet Malika – which was originally published in 23 monthly issues, each containing 25 to 30 classical compositions of Hindustani Sangeet in notation.
512:
Lakshan Geet Sangrah in three parts. Compositions descriptive of the Ragas, giving their characteristics in songs composed by Pandit Bhatkhande.
934:
326:
While his conversations with exponents of Carnatic music weren't very successful, Bhatkhande procured two valuable manuscripts on the art: the
929:
805:
691:
509:
Shrimallakshya-sangeetam – A treatise, in Sanskrit, on the theory of music in slokas and describing the important ragas. (Lakshya=current)
666:
473:, Bhatkhande preparing the course material. The college was later renamed Bhatkhande College of Hindustani Music, and is now known as
712:
825:
778:
676:
164:
used to be classified into Raga (male), Ragini (female), and Putra (children). Bhatkhande reclassified them into the currently used
48:
899:
203:
894:
539:
Abhinav Raga Manjari – A treatise on the Ragas of Hindustani music, each being described briefly in one sloka in Sanskrit.
914:
889:
446:
924:
474:
408:
148:
108:
28:
768:
403:
After traveling widely and having discussions with practitioners of various schools, Bhatkhande arranged all the
359:
384:
304:
400:
follows the logical structure introduced by Pt. Bhatkhande but uses symbols instead of Devanagari alphabets.
296:
904:
555:
428:
300:
388:
327:
280:
884:
879:
137:
455:
312:
645:
743:
623:
530:
A Comparative Study of the Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries (in English).
466:
335:
353:, was a booklet containing detailed descriptions of all prevalent ragas. In 1909, he published
339:
801:
795:
774:
672:
632:
524:
478:
251:
628:
462:
392:
500:
and a thigh fracture in 1933. He died on 19 September 1936, during Ganeshotsav in Mumbai.
380:
364:
268:
424:
412:
376:
368:
308:
113:
469:, then education minister of United Provinces, established Marris College of Music in
873:
559:
331:
245:
854:
288:
195:
144:
864:
797:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent
372:
316:
859:
833:
668:
Two men and music: nationalism in the making of an Indian classical tradition
397:
497:
435:
420:
343:
258:
182:
Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande was born on 10 August 1860 in Walkeshwar,
17:
243:, and researching music. He began the study of ancient texts such as the
202:
in Pune in 1885. In 1887, Bhatkhande graduated with a degree in law from
191:
470:
276:
218:
170:
47:
272:
240:
214:
183:
72:
445:
416:
284:
257:
236:
187:
165:
404:
161:
152:
770:
Bhatkhande's Contribution to Music: A Historical Perspective
542:
Abhinav Tala Manjari – A textbook in Sanskrit on the Talas
739:"An ode to reverent musicologist Vishnu Narayan Bhatkande"
621:
Powers, Harold S. (2001). "Bhatkhande, Vishnu Narayan".
588:
Sangeet Kalp Drumankur by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
434:
Bhatkhande wrote all of his works under one of the two
27:"Bhatkhande" redirects here. For the university, see
458:, established the Madhav Music College in Gwalior.
235:Bhatkhande traveled throughout India, meeting with
143:(10 August 1860 – 19 September 1936) was an Indian
122:
101:
87:
79:
59:
54:
38:
585:Sangeet Sudhakar by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
582:Nartan Niranaya by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
527:characters) Notation of Ragas in swara and tala.
591:Raga Chandrika by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
206:and briefly pursued a career in criminal law.
283:. In Rampur he was the disciple of legendary
8:
920:20th-century Indian male classical singers
910:19th-century Indian male classical singers
652:(2 January 2007). Retrieved on 2018-12-19.
174:which explained the grammar of the ragas.
46:
35:
860:Excerpts from Bhatkhande's SangeetShastra
698:(30 March 2007). Retrieved on 2018-12-19.
671:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–7.
287:Player Ustad Wazir Khan, a descendant of
706:
704:
533:Historical Survey of the Music of India.
486:Hindustani Sangeet Kramik Pustak Maalika
323:(My Musical Journey in Southern India).
158:documented in scant old outdated texts.
800:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 442–.
633:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03008
604:
262:Music notations developed by Bhatkhande
209:In 1884, Bhatkhande became a member of
147:who wrote the first modern treatise on
573:Sadraga Chandrodaya by Pundarik Vithal
204:Elphinstone College, Bombay University
7:
660:
658:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
321:Meri Dakshin Bharat Ki Sangeet Yatra
450:Bhatkhande on a 1961 stamp of India
349:Bhatkhande's first published work,
757:Often misspelled as Morris College
737:Datta, Jaiti (22 September 2018).
438:, Vishnu Sharma and Chaturpandit.
25:
945:19th-century Indian musicologists
552:Swara Mela Kalanidhi by Ramamatya
940:Musicologists from British India
665:Bakhle, Janaki (2005). "Ch. 3".
547:Manuscripts edited by Bhatkhande
190:and subsequently began studying
576:Raga Manjari by Pundarik Vithal
579:"Raga Mala" by Pundarik Vithal
570:Raga Tatva Vibodh by Shriniwas
427:, the south Indian variety of
423:system of raga arrangement in
198:. He completed a BA degree at
1:
935:People from Bombay Presidency
930:Musicians from British India
646:Inventing a tradition – CHEN
389:Pandit Vinayakrao Patwardhan
855:Bhatkhande Sangit Vidyapith
826:"Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande"
711:V, Sriram (29 March 2019).
627:. Oxford University Press.
360:Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati
961:
594:Raga Chandrika Sar (Hindi)
475:Bhatkhande Music Institute
409:Hindustani classical music
355:Shri Mallakshaya Sangeetam
149:Hindustani classical music
29:Bhatkhande Music Institute
26:
865:A biography of Bhatkhande
713:"An extraordinary seeker"
371:, Ratanjankar's disciple
141:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
45:
40:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
567:Raga Tarangini by Lochan
484:Bhatkhande prepared the
377:Ram Ashrey Jha 'Ramrang'
305:Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
767:Nayar, Sobhana (1989).
346:of the Carnatic style.
900:Indian music educators
794:Stone, Ruth M (1998).
692:Learn the Lingo – DELI
556:Chaturdandi Prakashika
451:
429:Indian classical music
263:
194:texts that dealt with
55:Background information
773:. Popular Prakashan.
449:
385:Pandit V. D. Paluskar
369:Shri. Dilip Kumar Roy
328:Chaturdandiprakashika
297:Thiruvottiyur Tyagier
261:
211:Gayan Uttejak Mandali
895:Indian musicologists
496:Bhatkhande suffered
301:Tachur Singaracharya
109:Hindustani classical
915:Singers from Mumbai
465:and his nephew Dr.
456:Maharaja of Gwalior
313:Subbarama Dikshitar
890:Hindustani singers
830:www.indianpost.com
744:The Times of India
624:Grove Music Online
467:Rai Rajeshwar Bali
452:
367:, famous musician
336:Svaramelakalanidhi
264:
925:Bandish composers
807:978-0-8240-4946-1
523:Swara Malika (in
479:Deemed University
252:Sangeet Ratnakara
231:Research in music
132:
131:
91:19 September 1936
16:(Redirected from
952:
844:
842:
840:
812:
811:
791:
785:
784:
764:
758:
755:
749:
748:
734:
728:
727:
725:
723:
708:
699:
689:
683:
682:
662:
653:
643:
637:
636:
618:
463:Rai Umanath Bali
396:notation system
393:Omkarnath Thakur
375:, S.C.R. Bhatt,
125:
94:
69:
67:
50:
36:
21:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
951:
950:
949:
870:
869:
851:
838:
836:
824:
821:
819:Further reading
816:
815:
808:
793:
792:
788:
781:
766:
765:
761:
756:
752:
736:
735:
731:
721:
719:
710:
709:
702:
690:
686:
679:
664:
663:
656:
644:
640:
620:
619:
606:
601:
549:
506:
494:
444:
381:Sumati Mutatkar
365:S N Ratanjankar
269:princely states
233:
228:
180:
135:
123:
118:
96:
92:
71:
65:
63:
41:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
958:
956:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
872:
871:
868:
867:
862:
857:
850:
849:External links
847:
846:
845:
820:
817:
814:
813:
806:
786:
779:
759:
750:
729:
700:
684:
677:
654:
638:
603:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:Raga Lakshanam
562:
553:
548:
545:
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
521:
517:
513:
510:
505:
502:
493:
490:
443:
440:
425:Carnatic music
413:musical scales
309:Ramanathapuram
232:
229:
227:
224:
200:Deccan College
179:
176:
134:Musical artist
133:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
117:
116:
114:Mewati Gharana
111:
105:
103:
99:
98:
95:(aged 76)
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:10 August 1860
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
957:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
905:Marathi music
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
848:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:
818:
809:
803:
799:
798:
790:
787:
782:
780:9780861322381
776:
772:
771:
763:
760:
754:
751:
746:
745:
740:
733:
730:
718:
714:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
685:
680:
678:9780195166101
674:
670:
669:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
639:
634:
630:
626:
625:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
605:
598:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
561:
560:Venkatamakhin
557:
554:
551:
550:
546:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
522:
520:compositions.
518:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:
499:
491:
489:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
448:
441:
439:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Venkatamakhin
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
260:
256:
254:
253:
248:
247:
246:Natya Shastra
242:
238:
230:
225:
223:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
175:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
127:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
97:Bombay, India
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
37:
34:
30:
19:
837:. Retrieved
829:
796:
789:
769:
762:
753:
742:
732:
720:. Retrieved
716:
695:
687:
667:
649:
641:
622:
504:Bibliography
495:
485:
483:
460:
453:
442:Institutions
433:
402:
398:Ome Swarlipi
358:
354:
350:
348:
325:
320:
293:
289:Miyan Tansen
265:
250:
244:
234:
210:
208:
196:music theory
181:
169:
160:
155:
145:musicologist
140:
136:
124:Years active
93:(1936-09-19)
33:
885:1936 deaths
880:1860 births
839:5 September
391:and Pandit
373:K. G. Ginde
351:Swar Malika
317:Ettayapuram
303:in Madras,
874:Categories
834:India Post
599:References
436:pseudonyms
411:across 10
344:melakartas
178:Early life
66:1860-08-10
18:Bhatkhande
717:The Hindu
696:The Hindu
650:The Hindu
498:paralysis
461:In 1926,
421:melakarta
415:, called
340:Ramamatya
171:bandishes
128:1875–1935
525:Gujarati
334:and the
192:Sanskrit
471:Lucknow
277:Gwalior
241:pandits
222:music.
219:dhrupad
156:grammar
75:, India
804:
777:
722:20 May
675:
516:Hindi.
417:thaats
281:Rampur
279:, and
273:Baroda
237:ustads
226:Career
215:khayal
184:Bombay
138:Pandit
102:Genres
80:Origin
73:Bombay
492:Death
405:ragas
285:veena
267:then
188:sitar
166:thaat
162:Ragas
83:India
841:2018
802:ISBN
775:ISBN
724:2022
673:ISBN
311:and
299:and
249:and
239:and
217:and
153:raga
88:Died
60:Born
629:doi
558:by
407:of
338:of
330:by
315:in
307:in
271:of
876::
832:.
828:.
741:.
715:.
703:^
694:.
657:^
648:.
607:^
431:.
387:,
379:,
291:.
275:,
255:.
843:.
810:.
783:.
747:.
726:.
681:.
635:.
631::
477:(
68:)
64:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
