259:
219:'s German Commentary, 1827, the commentator groups and examines critically the most important exegetical explanations of the Bible expounders; penetrating into the actual import of the Holy Scripture and searching the spiritual context, so as to explain the Bible by the Bible itself. As regards grammar and
235:
of
Philadelphia translated the Bible into English according to the interpretations of the Biurists; while in Europe steps were taken toward the perpetuation of the movement, in the foundation of the Ḥebra Doreshe Leshon 'Eber (Society of Investigators of the Hebrew Language) by
120:(The Paths of Peace). It is preceded by an introduction in Hebrew, written by Mendelssohn, in which he discusses the history of the work and the rules of idiom and syntax followed in his translation. Mendelssohn wrote, also, a German translation of the
88:
This act led
Solomon Dubno to give up his work after having finished Genesis; but, in order that the undertaking might be completed, Mendelssohn himself undertook the commentary. Finding, however, that the work was beyond his strength, he committed to
28:. Most of the Biblical commentators immediately preceding Mendelssohn had interpreted the Biblical passages from an individual point of view, and Mendelssohn was concerned to obtain clarity as to the actual meaning of the passages.
72:
of
Frankfort-on-the-Main. Fearing that the charm of the German language would lead young Jews to study the translation rather than the
337:
347:
80:, the rabbis united forces, and in June, 1779, issued a ban against "the German Pentateuch of Moses of Dessau."
56:
As soon as a portion of this translation was published, it was criticized by rabbis of the old school, including
277:
196:
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also followed in the footsteps of the
Biurists with an Italian translation and Hebrew commentary to the
181:
307:
237:
160:
69:
296:
241:
208:
188:
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to Job, Isaiah, and the
Pentateuch, and some glosses to Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Proverbs, and Job; and
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152:, who in 1806 published a biuristic Bible. Mendelssohn's biuristic school extended from Poland to
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272:
137:
175:
342:
216:
212:
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223:, Philippson touches these only in so far as is necessary to the comprehension of the text.
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156:, from Italy to Amsterdam, London, and Copenhagen; and it had many imitators, such as:
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98:
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331:
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106:
57:
46:
232:
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163:, who translated into Dutch the Pentateuch, five Megillot, and the former Prophets
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Mendelssohn compiled for his children a literal German translation of the
262: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
21:
153:
121:
124:, with a Hebrew introduction ("mebo") on Biblical poetry, for which
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132:(Aaron of Halle, a translator of the Song of Solomon), wrote the
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In the nature of the biurist movement was the undertaking of
140:'s translation of Ecclesiastes was written by Mendelssohn.
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itself, and believing that they would thus be led away from
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The work was completed in March, 1783, under the title
49:, a grammarian and Hebraist, undertook to write a
169:, who translated and commented in Hebrew on the
244:, and in the establishment of the periodical "
231:The movement later crossed the Atlantic, and
199:translated the Bible into Italian, and wrote
109:that to twenty-two of the middle chapters of
8:
144:Further biurist translators and commentators
215:translated the Psalms into Hungarian. In
195:, and an Italian translation of Isaiah;
184:, who translated the Bible into Russian.
178:, who translated the Bible into Polish
322:, iii. 288, 370, 607; v. 328-335, 395
7:
14:
271:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
281:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
257:
20:were a class of Jewish Biblical
37:German translation and reaction
301:Lessing-Mendelssohn-Gedenkbuch
93:(Hartwig Wessely) the biur to
1:
128:(Joel Bril), conjointly with
364:
338:Jewish biblical scholars
291:Die Jüdische Litteratur
278:The Jewish Encyclopedia
197:Samuel David Luzzatto
308:Allg. Zeit. des Jud.
238:Isaac Abraham Euchel
161:Samuel Israel Mulder
70:Phineas Levi Horwitz
320:History of the Jews
227:Biurists in America
189:Isaac Samuel Reggio
91:Naphtali Herz Wesel
24:, of the school of
32:Biurists in Europe
348:Bible translators
248:" (The Gleaner).
217:Ludwig Philippson
182:J. L. Mandelstamm
118:Netibot ha-Shalom
84:Netibot ha-Shalom
26:Moses Mendelssohn
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282:
261:
260:
78:orthodox Judaism
53:or commentary.
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362:
358:
357:
356:
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303:, Leipsic, 1879
269:Singer, Isidore
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297:A. Goldschmidt
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293:, iii. 724-751
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242:Mendel Breslau
228:
225:
186:
185:
179:
173:
171:Book of Isaiah
164:
136:. The biur to
130:Aaron Wolfsohn
99:Aaron Jaroslav
68:of Posen, and
62:Ezekiel Landau
45:; and to this
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10:
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264:public domain
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209:J. Mannheimer
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58:Raphael Cohen
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47:Solomon Dubno
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319:
306:
300:
290:
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233:Isaac Leeser
230:
221:lexicography
205:M. Rosenthal
200:
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167:G. A. Parsen
150:Moses Landau
147:
143:
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133:
117:
115:
87:
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66:Hirsch Janow
60:of Hamburg,
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50:
40:
36:
35:
17:
15:
285:Winter and
246:Ha-Me'assef
138:Kaplan Rabe
111:Deuteronomy
64:of Prague,
332:Categories
273:"Biurists"
252:References
193:Pentateuch
176:I. Neufeld
43:Pentateuch
126:Joel Löwe
105:, and to
95:Leviticus
343:Haskalah
213:M. Stern
101:that to
22:exegetes
18:Biurists
287:Wünsche
266::
103:Numbers
316:Graetz
211:, and
201:biurim
154:Alsace
122:Psalms
299:, in
97:, to
74:Torah
51:bi'ur
240:and
134:biur
16:The
312:324
334::
318:,
310:i.
289:,
275:.
207:,
113:.
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