115:
415:
He, Hong; Wei, Cong; Wheeler, Diana (20 April 2014). "The Gut
Bacterial Communities Associated with Lab-Raised and Field-Collected Ants of Camponotus fragilis (Formicidae: Formicinae)".
958:
341:
631:"Systematic relationships and cospeciation of bacterial endosymbionts and their carpenter ant host species: proposal of the new taxon Candidatus Blochmannia gen. nov"
971:
571:"Tissue Localization of the Endosymbiotic Bacterium "Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus" in Adults and Larvae of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus floridanus"
945:
670:
Schröder, Doris; Deppisch, Heike; Obermayer, Malu; Krohne, Georg; Stackebrandt, Erko; Hölldobler, Bert; Goebel, Werner; Gross, Roy (August 1996).
501:"One nutritional symbiosis begat another: Phylogenetic evidence that the ant tribe Camponotini acquired Blochmanniaby tending sap-feeding insects"
167:
has been discovered in the guts of over 60 species across 6 genera within the
Camponotini, and is predicted to be pervasive throughout the tribe.
263:
bacteria are sensitive to heat. In one experiment, when exposed to an increased heat of 99.87 °F (37.7 °C) for 4 weeks, over 99% of
672:"Intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria of Camponotus species (carpenter ants): systematics, evolution and ultrastructural characterization"
728:"Relevance of the Endosymbiosis of Blochmannia floridanus and Carpenter Ants at Different Stages of the Life Cycle of the Host"
850:"Genome sequence of Blochmannia pennsylvanicus indicates parallel evolutionary trends among bacterial mutualists of insects"
364:
Feldhaar, Heike; Straka, Josef; Krischke, Markus; Berthold, Kristina; Stoll, Sascha; Mueller, Martin; Gross, Roy (2007).
999:
976:
936:
253:
improving the nutritional quality of the food that worker ants supply to the young ants, as the health effects of
276:
128:
294:
bacteria and the ant hosts became bonded, occurred around 30–40 million years ago. In comparing two species of
1004:
225:
bacteria improves the ants’ nutrition and, in doing this, it is also important to the overall health of the
898:
671:
319:
201:
bacteria are found in the midguts and ovaries of camponotine ants. Within the midgut, large numbers of
801:
739:
582:
512:
241:
were compared to groups where the worker ants had been given antibiotics to reduce their levels of
172:
66:
440:
311:
307:
299:
267:
disappeared. However, even after 16 weeks exposure of this heat exposure, trace small amounts of
150:
90:
31:
302:
evolutionarily around 15-20 million years ago, the extreme similarity between their genes means
458:
Sameshima, Shinya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Kitade, Osamu; Minaka, Nobuhiro; Matsumoto, Tadao (1999).
879:
827:
765:
699:
691:
652:
608:
548:
530:
432:
397:
342:"Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus (Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus) Genome Browser Gateway"
246:
869:
861:
817:
809:
755:
747:
683:
642:
598:
590:
538:
520:
479:
471:
424:
387:
377:
237:
and regurgitation" system to provide the colony with food. When control colonies which had
78:
499:
Wernegreen, Jennifer J.; Kauppinen, Seth N.; Brady, Seán G.; Ward, Philip S. (2009-12-16).
460:"Phylogenetic Comparison of Endosymbionts with Their Host Ants Based on Molecular evidence"
114:
629:
Sauer, Christina; Stackebrandt, Erko; Gadau, Jürgen; Hölldobler, Bert; Gross, Roy (2000).
271:
survived. According to researchers Fan and
Wernegreen, this experiment suggests that the
805:
743:
586:
516:
874:
849:
822:
789:
760:
727:
687:
543:
500:
392:
365:
54:
603:
570:
245:, the health of the control colony was superior. Zientz proposes that this superior
993:
366:"Nutritional upgrading for omnivorous carpenter ants by the endosymbiont Blochmannia"
155:
123:
594:
444:
569:
Sauer, Christina; Dudaczek, Dieter; Hölldobler, Bert; Gross, Roy (September 2002).
287:
234:
206:
921:
930:
790:"Can't Take the Heat: High Temperature Depletes Bacterial Endosymbionts of Ants"
233:
improves the health of the colony of ants as a whole because worker ants use a "
217:
is important in synthesizing essential and non essential amino acids, including
160:
647:
630:
813:
428:
226:
210:
185:
695:
534:
726:
Zientz, Evelyn; Beyaert, Ivo; Gross, Roy; Feldhaar, Heike (September 2006).
525:
883:
831:
769:
656:
612:
552:
436:
401:
382:
703:
963:
915:
751:
218:
42:
950:
865:
475:
484:
459:
892:
848:
Degnan, Patrick; Lazarus, Adam; Wernegreen, Jennifer (August 2005).
176:
146:
113:
635:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
896:
132:(shown here) possesses the obligate bacterial endosymbiont
175:
in 1887, who described "bacteria-like structures" in the
788:
Fan, Yongliang; Wernegreen, Jennifer (October 2013).
359:
357:
355:
843:
841:
905:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
624:
622:
564:
562:
783:
781:
779:
221:, and it helps the ant to process nitrogen. The
348:. Genome Bioinformatics Group of UC Santa Cruz.
257:appear to decrease with the ant's maturation.
249:of the control ant colonies is likely due to
8:
229:. According to the study by Zientz et al.,
893:
20:
873:
821:
759:
646:
602:
542:
524:
483:
391:
381:
333:
732:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
575:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
7:
118:Like other species of the ant genus
275:in ants could be vulnerable to the
688:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02557.x
171:was first discovered by zoologist
14:
159:) and their allies in the tribe
595:10.1128/AEM.68.9.4187-4193.2002
310:. The high amounts of genetic
190:was proposed as its own genus.
153:found in carpenter ants (genus
1:
306:bacteria have high levels of
1021:
648:10.1099/00207713-50-5-1877
814:10.1007/s00248-013-0264-6
429:10.1007/s00284-014-0586-8
277:effects of global warming
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
505:BMC Evolutionary Biology
526:10.1186/1471-2148-9-292
346:The UCSC Genome Browser
937:Candidatus Blochmannia
676:Molecular Microbiology
383:10.1186/1741-7007-5-48
181:Camponotus ligniperdus
137:
117:
752:10.1128/AEM.00933-06
417:Current Microbiology
308:genetic conservation
126:), the wood-nesting
806:2013MicEc..66..727F
744:2006ApEnM..72.6027Z
587:2002ApEnM..68.4187S
517:2009BMCEE...9..292W
183:in 1887. In 2000,
173:Friedrich Blochmann
67:Gammaproteobacteria
1000:Enterobacteriaceae
866:10.1101/gr.3771305
476:10.2108/zsj.16.993
464:Zoological Science
376:(1): article #48.
151:symbiotic bacteria
138:
91:Enterobacteriaceae
987:
986:
899:Taxon identifiers
794:Microbial Ecology
314:suggest that the
129:C. pennsylvanicus
112:
111:
16:Genus of bacteria
1012:
980:
979:
967:
966:
954:
953:
941:
940:
939:
926:
925:
924:
894:
888:
887:
877:
860:(8): 1023–1033.
845:
836:
835:
825:
785:
774:
773:
763:
738:(9): 6027–6033.
723:
708:
707:
667:
661:
660:
650:
641:(5): 1877–1886.
626:
617:
616:
606:
581:(9): 4187–4193.
566:
557:
556:
546:
528:
496:
490:
489:
487:
455:
449:
448:
412:
406:
405:
395:
385:
361:
350:
349:
338:
318:genes lack some
79:Enterobacterales
21:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1005:Candidatus taxa
990:
989:
988:
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975:
970:
962:
957:
949:
944:
935:
934:
929:
920:
919:
914:
901:
891:
854:Genome Research
847:
846:
839:
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777:
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724:
711:
669:
668:
664:
628:
627:
620:
568:
567:
560:
498:
497:
493:
470:(6): 993–1000.
457:
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409:
363:
362:
353:
340:
339:
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331:
325:
285:
196:
108:
93:
81:
69:
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1018:
1016:
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1007:
1002:
992:
991:
985:
984:
982:
981:
968:
955:
942:
927:
911:
909:
903:
902:
897:
890:
889:
837:
800:(3): 727–733.
775:
709:
682:(3): 479–489.
662:
618:
558:
491:
450:
423:(3): 292–302.
407:
351:
332:
330:
327:
290:, or when the
284:
281:
195:
192:
179:and midgut of
163:. As of 2014,
124:carpenter ants
110:
109:
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95:
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71:
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65:
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55:Pseudomonadota
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41:
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35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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829:
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733:
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328:
326:
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320:recombination
317:
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297:
293:
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288:Endosymbiosis
282:
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274:
270:
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262:
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252:
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244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
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209:in the gut's
208:
207:bacteriocytes
205:are found in
204:
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68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
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44:
40:
37:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
906:
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853:
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735:
731:
679:
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665:
638:
634:
578:
574:
508:
504:
494:
467:
463:
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420:
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373:
369:
345:
336:
324:
322:mechanisms.
315:
312:conservation
303:
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291:
286:
272:
268:
264:
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259:
254:
250:
242:
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235:trophallaxis
230:
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141:
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133:
127:
119:
105:
102:
24:
18:
964:blochmannia
931:Wikispecies
907:Blochmannia
370:BMC Biology
316:Blochmannia
304:Blochmannia
296:Blochmannia
292:Blochmannia
273:Blochmannia
269:Blochmannia
265:Blochmannia
261:Blochmannia
255:Blochmannia
251:Blochmannia
243:Blochmannia
239:Blochmannia
231:Blochmannia
223:Blochmannia
215:Blochmannia
203:Blochmannia
199:Blochmannia
188:Blochmannia
169:Blochmannia
165:Blochmannia
161:Camponotini
142:Blochmannia
134:Blochmannia
106:Blochmannia
25:Blochmannia
994:Categories
511:(1): 292.
485:2115/66620
329:References
227:ant colony
211:epithelial
186:Candidatus
156:Camponotus
120:Camponotus
103:Candidatus
922:Q12199133
696:0950-382X
535:1471-2148
283:Evolution
951:10742726
916:Wikidata
884:16077009
832:23872930
770:16957225
657:11034499
613:12200264
553:20015388
445:16285607
437:24748441
402:17971224
300:diverged
219:tyrosine
86:Family:
50:Phylum:
43:Bacteria
38:Domain:
875:1182215
823:3905736
802:Bibcode
761:1563639
740:Bibcode
704:8866472
583:Bibcode
544:2810300
513:Bibcode
393:2206011
247:fitness
213:layer.
194:Biology
177:ovaries
98:Genus:
74:Order:
62:Class:
977:203804
882:
872:
830:
820:
768:
758:
702:
694:
655:
611:
604:124124
601:
551:
541:
533:
443:
435:
400:
390:
441:S2CID
298:that
147:genus
145:is a
972:NCBI
959:LPSN
946:GBIF
880:PMID
828:PMID
766:PMID
700:PMID
692:ISSN
653:PMID
609:PMID
549:PMID
531:ISSN
433:PMID
398:PMID
870:PMC
862:doi
818:PMC
810:doi
756:PMC
748:doi
684:doi
643:doi
599:PMC
591:doi
539:PMC
521:doi
480:hdl
472:doi
425:doi
388:PMC
378:doi
149:of
996::
974::
961::
948::
933::
918::
878:.
868:.
858:15
856:.
852:.
840:^
826:.
816:.
808:.
798:66
796:.
792:.
778:^
764:.
754:.
746:.
736:72
734:.
730:.
712:^
698:.
690:.
680:21
678:.
674:.
651:.
639:50
637:.
633:.
621:^
607:.
597:.
589:.
579:68
577:.
573:.
561:^
547:.
537:.
529:.
519:.
507:.
503:.
478:.
468:16
466:.
462:.
439:.
431:.
421:69
419:.
396:.
386:.
372:.
368:.
354:^
344:.
279:.
886:.
864::
834:.
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772:.
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706:.
686::
659:.
645::
615:.
593::
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555:.
523::
515::
509:9
488:.
482::
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427::
404:.
380::
374:5
136:.
122:(
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