195:
163:) in that, though fur retains heat by holding pockets of air, the air expels under pressure (i.e., when the animal dives). Blubber, however, does not compress under pressure. It is effective enough that some whales can dwell in temperatures as low as 4 °C (40 °F). While diving in cold water, blood vessels covering the blubber constrict and decrease blood flow, thus increasing blubber's efficiency as an insulator.
29:
113:. However, this is not indicative of larger whales' ability to retain heat better, as the thickness of a whale's blubber does not significantly affect heat loss. More indicative of a whale's ability to retain heat is the water and lipid concentration in blubber, as water reduces heat-retaining capacities, and lipid increases them.
186:'s blubber reveals its thickness and lipid content vary greatly amongst individuals and across life history categories. Blubber from emaciated dolphins is a poorer insulator than that from nonpregnant adults, which in turn have a higher heat conductivity than blubber from pregnant females and adolescents.
166:
Blubber aids buoyancy and streamlines the body, because the organized, complex collagenous network supports the noncircular cross sections characteristic of cetaceans. The buoyancy of blubber could be problematic for bottom-feeding marine mammals such as
896:
294:. There is evidence blubber and other fats in the arctic diet also provide the calories needed to replace the lack of carbohydrates which are found in the diets of cultures in the rest of the world.
105:
during some points in their lives, and can range from 5 cm (2 in) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 30 cm (12 in) thick in some bigger whales, such as
931:
1485:
125:, specifically those that live in water. It is particularly important for species that feed and breed in different parts of the ocean. During these periods, the animals
306:(PCBs), carcinogens that damage human nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. The source of PCB concentrations is unknown. Since toothed whales are high on the
93:
and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages. It is strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of
396:
Struntz, D.J.; McLellan, W.A.; Dillaman, R.M.; Blum, J.E.; Kucklick, J.R.; Pabst, D.A. (2004). "Blubber development in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)".
959:
745:; Barthet, V.; Farren, A.; Falahi, E.; Leggee, D.; Receveur, O.; Berti, P. (2006). "Vitamins A, D, and E in Canadian Arctic traditional food and adult diets".
641:
318:, by merit of the huge amount of food they consume, are bound to have toxic chemicals stored in their bodies. Additionally, there are high levels of
1290:
370:
1572:
1077:
560:
Amson, E.; Argot, C.; McDonald, H. G.; de Muizon, C. (2015). "Osteology and functional morphology of the axial postcranium of the marine sloth
783:
1000:
492:
466:
873:
1478:
897:"Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in marine biota of the Canadian Arctic: An overview of spatial and temporal trends"
1538:
1492:
1531:
1191:
2166:
1524:
1198:
1093:
1047:
194:
266:. The oil could serve in the manufacture of soap, leather, and cosmetics. Whale oil was used in candles as wax, and in
1565:
251:
963:
1517:
1156:
1135:
240:
and of other northern peoples, because of its high energy value and availability. Whale blubber, which tastes like
800:
Teuten, E. L.; Xu, L; Reddy, CM (2005). "Two
Abundant Bioaccumulated Halogenated Compounds Are Natural Products".
601:"The ontogenetic changes in the thermal properties of blubber from Atlantic bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus"
1056:
521:
Horgan, P.; Booth, D.; Nichols, C.; Lanyon, J. M. (2014). "Insulative capacity of the integument of the dugong (
303:
20:
2176:
2171:
1184:
650:
2181:
1890:
1558:
1142:
290:. Without the vitamin D, for example, the Inuit and other natives of the Arctic would likely suffer from
1793:
1269:
1223:
1177:
1128:
993:
2186:
1107:
1040:
1033:
907:
809:
675:
179:
2135:
2111:
1170:
742:
340:
283:
90:
846:"Chemical Compounds Found In Whale Blubber Are From Natural Sources, Not Industrial Contamination"
701:]. Uppdrag i Världen (in Swedish). Göteborg: Himmelriket på Jorden Publikationer. p. 138.
1499:
1262:
1114:
1100:
1018:
845:
833:
581:
542:
439:
Kvadsheim, P.H.; Folkow, L.P.; Blix, A.S. (1996). "Thermal conductivity of minke whale blubber".
421:
183:
145:
971:
772:
1698:
1216:
1163:
1149:
1070:
923:
825:
622:
413:
319:
2071:
1688:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1121:
1086:
986:
915:
817:
754:
612:
573:
534:
448:
405:
311:
149:
2006:
1874:
1818:
1640:
1471:
488:
323:
1322:
474:
206:
911:
865:
813:
2031:
2021:
2011:
1329:
141:
63:
43:
2160:
2145:
2096:
2081:
2066:
1983:
1958:
1884:
1859:
1744:
1674:
1403:
1283:
525:): thermal conductivity, conductance and resistance measured by in vitro heat flux".
452:
110:
102:
67:
919:
585:
546:
425:
2106:
2076:
1978:
1803:
1739:
1703:
837:
348:(whale blubber and skin as consumed in the North American and East Siberian Arctic)
315:
263:
210:
172:
153:
129:
fat. Blubber may save energy for marine mammals, such as dolphins, in that it adds
2140:
2101:
2056:
2046:
2041:
1909:
1900:
1869:
1823:
1798:
1734:
1713:
1614:
1445:
1276:
106:
758:
175:, both of which do or probably did have limited amounts of it for that reason.
2091:
2051:
2016:
1988:
1963:
1948:
1929:
1828:
1449:
1424:
1336:
577:
538:
351:
307:
271:
233:
126:
71:
2086:
2061:
1973:
1943:
1914:
1864:
1813:
1808:
1775:
1453:
1431:
1417:
1375:
1315:
821:
287:
255:
241:
229:
160:
927:
829:
626:
417:
28:
2036:
2026:
1998:
1968:
1953:
1919:
1851:
1749:
1664:
1649:
1343:
1063:
335:
267:
168:
130:
98:
86:
51:
40:
1725:
1604:
1596:
1550:
1382:
1357:
1350:
1009:
409:
291:
259:
247:
198:
59:
55:
47:
617:
600:
1938:
1770:
1683:
1659:
1626:
1410:
1389:
1308:
345:
122:
94:
371:"Incredible Jurassic ichthyosaur fossil still has skin and blubber"
1609:
1438:
237:
193:
134:
82:
1708:
1693:
1654:
1636:
1621:
1554:
982:
1842:
1587:
310:, they likely consume large amounts of industrial pollutants (
144:
in its extra thickness, which provides an efficient thermal
564:(Mammalia, Tardigrada) with paleobiological implications".
978:
101:, can comprise up to 50 per cent of the body mass of some
1486:
International
Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
960:"Education Resources for Teachers--Blubber Experiment"
250:
largely targeted the collection of blubber: whalers
1997:
1928:
1899:
1883:
1850:
1841:
1786:
1758:
1724:
1673:
1635:
1595:
1586:
1509:
1463:
1367:
1300:
1254:
1208:
1025:
729:Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite
693:Stefansson, Eero; Adriaensen, Arxontis (1893).
302:In the 21st century, blubber contains man-made
274:can yield a blubber harvest of up to 50 tons.
1566:
994:
8:
649:. Kitikmeot Heritage Society. Archived from
121:Blubber is the primary fat storage on some
1896:
1847:
1592:
1573:
1559:
1551:
1001:
987:
979:
510:. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. p. 12.
616:
1291:Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale
866:"Japan warned on 'contaminated' blubber"
747:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
27:
362:
282:Blubber from whales and seals contains
159:Blubber has advantages over fur (as in
152:. Blubber is more vascularized—rich in
232:language) is an important part of the
1765:
876:from the original on 23 February 2009
7:
140:Blubber differs from other forms of
244:biscuits, has similar properties.
852:(Press release). 18 February 2005.
640:Ohokak, G.; M. Kadlun; B. Harnum.
89:fiber-laced blubber comprises the
14:
789:from the original on 8 June 2011.
712:Donovan, Greg (2008). "Whaling".
1479:International Whaling Commission
904:Science of the Total Environment
495:from the original on 4 May 2017.
920:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.034
605:Journal of Experimental Biology
322:in the blubber of seals of the
148:, making blubber essential for
1539:Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
1493:Institute of Cetacean Research
699:Missionaries Among the Eskimos
643:Inuinnaqtun-English Dictionary
566:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
16:Thick layer of animal body fat
1:
1532:South Pacific Whale Sanctuary
1525:Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary
895:Braune, B (16 August 2005).
506:Galbraith, Don; et al.
489:"Secrets of the Ocean Realm"
453:10.1016/0306-4565(95)00034-8
156:—than other adipose tissue.
2203:
1518:Australian Whale Sanctuary
759:10.1016/j.jfca.2005.02.007
695:Missionärer bland Eskimåer
680:Asuilaak Living Dictionary
441:Journal of Thermal Biology
18:
2128:
1016:
578:10.1007/s10914-014-9280-7
539:10.1007/s00227-014-2428-4
62:. It was present in many
304:polychlorinated biphenyl
21:Blubber (disambiguation)
822:10.1126/science.1106882
262:, or later, in vats on
2042:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
972:"Arctic Facts-Blubber"
599:Dunkin, R. C. (2005).
473:. AAAS. Archived from
213:
46:under the skin of all
33:
2077:Rapeseed (canola) oil
1270:Dolphin drive hunting
1224:Jarmann harpoon rifle
477:on 21 September 2013.
398:Journal of Morphology
197:
31:
1829:Vegetable shortening
1581:Edible fats and oils
228:, ("blubber" in the
180:thermal conductivity
39:is a thick layer of
19:For other uses, see
2167:Animal fat products
2112:Watermelon seed oil
912:2005ScTEn.351....4B
872:. 24 January 2001.
814:2005Sci...307..917T
773:"The Inuit Paradox"
656:on 4 September 2012
341:Greenlandic cuisine
284:omega-3 fatty acids
1500:Whale conservation
1263:Aboriginal whaling
1019:History of whaling
410:10.1002/jmor.10154
270:as fuel. A single
214:
184:bottlenose dolphin
178:Research into the
34:
2154:
2153:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
1837:
1836:
1759:Other animal fats
1699:Manteiga-da-terra
1548:
1547:
1217:Explosive harpoon
1078:Pacific Northwest
1048:Western Australia
966:on 17 April 2008.
937:on 10 August 2017
714:Microsoft Encarta
618:10.1242/jeb.01559
377:. 5 December 2018
234:traditional diets
2194:
2072:Pumpkin seed oil
1969:Mongongo nut oil
1897:
1848:
1689:Clarified butter
1593:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1456:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1247:
1245:Two-flue harpoon
1240:
1238:Toggling harpoon
1233:
1231:One-flue harpoon
1226:
1219:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1003:
996:
989:
980:
975:
967:
962:. Archived from
947:
946:
944:
942:
936:
930:. Archived from
901:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
862:
856:
853:
841:
808:(5711): 917–20.
797:
791:
790:
788:
777:
769:
763:
762:
753:(6–7): 495–506.
739:
733:
732:
724:
718:
717:
709:
703:
702:
690:
684:
683:
682:. November 2016.
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
655:
648:
637:
631:
630:
620:
596:
590:
589:
557:
551:
550:
533:(6): 1395–1407.
518:
512:
511:
503:
497:
496:
485:
479:
478:
467:"Bouncy Blubber"
463:
457:
456:
436:
430:
429:
393:
387:
386:
384:
382:
367:
190:Human influences
171:and the extinct
150:thermoregulation
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2116:
2007:Ambadi seed oil
1993:
1924:
1886:
1879:
1875:Shark liver oil
1833:
1819:Palm kernel oil
1782:
1754:
1720:
1669:
1631:
1582:
1579:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1472:Blue Whale Unit
1470:
1459:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
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1374:
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1307:
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1215:
1204:
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1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
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1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1021:
1012:
1007:
970:
958:
955:
950:
940:
938:
934:
906:. 351–352: 32.
899:
894:
893:
889:
879:
877:
864:
863:
859:
844:
799:
798:
794:
786:
775:
771:
770:
766:
741:
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736:
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725:
721:
711:
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692:
691:
687:
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673:
669:
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646:
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559:
558:
554:
520:
519:
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500:
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465:
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460:
438:
437:
433:
395:
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390:
380:
378:
369:
368:
364:
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332:
324:Canadian arctic
312:bioaccumulation
300:
280:
219:
192:
119:
80:
64:marine reptiles
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Marine mammals
2174:
2172:Whale products
2169:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2032:Grape seed oil
2029:
2024:
2022:Cottonseed oil
2019:
2014:
2012:Apple seed oil
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
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1926:
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1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1787:Vegetable fats
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
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1737:
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1706:
1701:
1696:
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1657:
1652:
1646:
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1633:
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1619:
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1601:
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1545:
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1542:
1535:
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1521:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1461:
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1442:
1435:
1428:
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1414:
1407:
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1393:
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1379:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1330:Harpoon cannon
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
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1195:
1192:United Kingdom
1188:
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1125:
1118:
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1104:
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1081:
1067:
1060:
1057:Basque Country
1053:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
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1008:
1006:
1005:
998:
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983:
977:
976:
968:
954:
953:External links
951:
949:
948:
887:
857:
855:
854:
792:
780:Washington.edu
764:
743:Kuhnlein, H.V.
734:
719:
704:
685:
667:
632:
611:(8): 1469–80.
591:
572:(4): 473–518.
552:
527:Marine Biology
513:
498:
480:
471:Science Update
458:
431:
388:
361:
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354:
349:
343:
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299:
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279:
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218:
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191:
188:
182:of the common
142:adipose tissue
118:
115:
111:bowhead whales
103:marine mammals
79:
76:
44:adipose tissue
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Inuit cuisine
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2146:Essential oil
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Sunflower oil
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Safflower oil
2085:
2083:
2082:Rice bran oil
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Poppyseed oil
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Pistachio oil
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Macadamia oil
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
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1908:
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1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Cod liver oil
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
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32:Whale blubber
30:
26:
22:
2107:Tea seed oil
1979:Pine nut oil
1954:Hazelnut oil
1809:Mango butter
1804:Cocoa butter
1704:Niter kibbeh
1396:
1323:GrindaknĂvur
1309:Whaling ship
1255:Hunting type
1185:South Africa
964:the original
939:. Retrieved
932:the original
903:
890:
878:. Retrieved
869:
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850:ScienceDaily
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728:
727:"Cetacean".
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658:. Retrieved
651:the original
642:
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561:
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523:Dugong dugon
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475:the original
470:
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447:(2): 123–8.
444:
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379:. Retrieved
374:
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211:South Africa
207:Simon's Town
202:
177:
165:
158:
139:
120:
81:
68:ichthyosaurs
41:vascularized
36:
35:
25:
2187:Animal fats
2141:Cooking oil
2102:Soybean oil
2057:Perilla oil
2047:Mustard oil
1910:Avocado oil
1870:Seaweed oil
1852:Marine oils
1824:Shea butter
1799:Coconut oil
1735:Chicken fat
1714:Urfa butter
1510:Sanctuaries
1464:Regulations
1446:Whale feces
1277:Drift whale
1157:Philippines
1143:New Zealand
1136:Netherlands
941:26 February
880:31 December
404:(1): 7–20.
203:Blubber Pot
78:Description
72:plesiosaurs
2161:Categories
2136:Plant oils
2092:Sesame oil
2052:Peanut oil
2017:Castor oil
1989:Walnut oil
1964:Marula oil
1949:Cashew oil
1939:Almond oil
1885:Vegetable
1425:Spermaceti
1337:Head spade
1301:Implements
1178:Seychelles
1129:Madagascar
1026:By country
508:Biology 11
381:12 January
358:References
352:Whale meat
308:food chain
272:blue whale
161:sea otters
127:metabolize
91:hypodermis
66:, such as
2062:Pequi oil
1999:Seed oils
1974:Pecan oil
1944:Argan oil
1915:Olive oil
1865:Krill oil
1814:Margarine
1776:Whale oil
1745:Goose fat
1597:Pork fats
1432:Sperm oil
1418:Scrimshaw
1376:Ambergris
1316:Whaleboat
1108:Greenland
1041:Australia
1034:Argentina
676:"Blubber"
288:vitamin D
268:oil lamps
242:arrowroot
230:Inuktitut
169:sirenians
146:insulator
99:ligaments
60:sirenians
52:pinnipeds
48:cetaceans
2132:See also
2037:Hemp oil
2027:Corn oil
1920:Palm oil
1750:Schmaltz
1740:Duck fat
1665:Tail fat
1650:Dripping
1368:Products
1344:Paledang
1209:Harpoons
1171:Scotland
928:16109439
874:Archived
870:BBC News
830:15705850
784:Archived
627:15802671
586:16700349
547:83824482
493:Archived
426:24897702
418:14666521
336:Globster
330:See also
314:); even
298:Toxicity
260:try pots
254:it into
252:rendered
205:seen in
135:swimming
131:buoyancy
117:Function
87:collagen
56:penguins
1766:Blubber
1726:Poultry
1605:Fatback
1397:Blubber
1383:Ambrein
1358:Trywork
1351:Try pot
1115:Iceland
1101:Germany
1010:Whaling
908:Bibcode
838:9377016
810:Bibcode
802:Science
731:. 2008.
660:6 March
375:Science
320:mercury
292:rickets
248:Whaling
236:of the
199:Try pot
123:mammals
95:tendons
85:-rich,
37:Blubber
1771:Muktuk
1684:Butter
1660:Tallow
1641:mutton
1627:Lardon
1411:Muktuk
1390:Baleen
1164:Russia
1150:Norway
1071:Canada
1064:Brazil
926:
836:
828:
625:
584:
545:
424:
416:
346:Muktuk
278:Health
133:while
58:, and
1901:Fruit
1675:Dairy
1610:Lardo
1439:Tabua
1122:Japan
1087:Chile
935:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
834:S2CID
787:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
697:[
654:(PDF)
647:(PDF)
582:S2CID
543:S2CID
422:S2CID
238:Inuit
226:uqsuq
224:, or
222:Uqhuq
107:right
83:Lipid
1932:oils
1903:oils
1891:List
1887:oils
1843:Oils
1728:fats
1709:Smen
1694:Ghee
1677:fats
1655:Suet
1643:fats
1637:Beef
1622:Lard
1615:Salo
1588:Fats
1450:meat
943:2018
924:PMID
882:2009
826:PMID
662:2013
623:PMID
414:PMID
383:2024
286:and
217:Uses
109:and
97:and
70:and
1930:Nut
1454:oil
916:doi
818:doi
806:307
755:doi
613:doi
609:208
574:doi
535:doi
531:161
449:doi
406:doi
402:259
258:in
256:oil
209:in
201:or
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