752:
729:
1366:
31:
5246:
1350:
intestinal uptake causes bone to take up more calcium than it loses by hormonal stimulation of osteoclasts. Only when there are conditions, such as dietary calcium deficiency or defects in intestinal transport, which result in a reduction of serum calcium does an overall loss of calcium from bone occur.
1349:
The observation that calcitriol stimulates the release of calcium from bone seems contradictory, given that sufficient levels of serum calcitriol generally prevent overall loss of calcium from bone. It is believed that the increased levels of serum calcium resulting from calcitriol-stimulated
815:
40:
1449:
is used, 25-hydroxylation in the liver produces calcitriol as the active metabolite. This will produce greater effects than other vitamin D precursors in patients with kidney disease who have loss of the renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase.
2795:"Evidence for a role of prolactin in calcium homeostasis: regulation of intestinal transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6, intestinal calcium absorption, and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 1alpha hydroxylase gene by prolactin"
2391:
Smith EL, Pincus SH, Donovan L, Holick MF (September 1988). "A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis".
1708:
The halflife of calcitriol in the body is measured in hours, unlike its precursor calcifediol, whose halflife is measured in weeks. Calcitriol is inactivated by further hydroxylation to form 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D,
1792:
D, is often used to refer to both types of active forms of vitamin D. Indeed, both bind to the vitamin D receptor and produce biological effects. In clinical use, the differences are unlikely to have major importance.
1619:
1475:
857:
InChI=1S/C27H44O3/c1-18(8-6-14-26(3,4)30)23-12-13-24-20(9-7-15-27(23,24)5)10-11-21-16-22(28)17-25(29)19(21)2/h10-11,18,22-25,28-30H,2,6-9,12-17H2,1,3-5H3/b20-10+,21-11-/t18-,22-,23-,24+,25+,27-/m1/s1
358:
3166:
Norman AW, Myrtle JF, Midgett RJ, Nowicki HG, Williams V, Popják G (July 1971). "1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: identification of the proposed active form of vitamin D3 in the intestine".
2274:
1346:
ions catalyzed by the intestinal epithelial cells be accompanied by counterions, primarily inorganic phosphate. Thus calcitriol also stimulates the intestinal absorption of phosphate.
5048:
5281:
3072:
Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF, Suda T, Cousins RJ (July 1971). "Isolation and identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A metabolite of vitamin D active in intestine".
1247:(PTH) in all three of these roles. For instance, PTH also indirectly stimulates osteoclasts. However, the main effect of PTH is to increase the rate at which the kidneys excrete
303:
1114:
High calcitriol levels may also be seen in human disease states in patients not on supplementation. In someone with hypercalcaemia and high calcitriol levels, low intact
1427:), a process which requires large amounts of calcium. Activity is also decreased by high levels of serum phosphate and by an increase in the production of the hormone
1922:
1749:
already has one hydroxyl group, only two (1,25) are further specified in this nomenclature, but in fact there are three (1,3,25-triol), as indicated by the name
5276:
197:
965:
Calcitriol was identified as the active form of vitamin D in 1971 and the drug was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978. It is available as a
3601:
3573:
3470:
1289:, also called the vitamin D receptor or VDR. For instance, the unbound inactive form of the calcitriol receptor in intestinal epithelial cells resides in the
829:
5041:
1306:
4786:
1382:
1156:, acute granulomatous pneumonia, talc granuloma, silicone-induced granuloma, BCG-associated, granulomatous hepatitis, paraffin-associated granuloma
4898:
3429:
1630:
1486:
1107:), calcitriol has a higher risk of inducing hypercalcemia. However, such episodes may be shorter and easier to treat due to its relatively short
1043:. Research on the noncalcemic actions of calcitriol and other VDR-ligand analogs and their possible therapeutic applications has been reviewed.
5034:
2945:
Mazzaferro S, Goldsmith D, Larsson TE, Massy ZA, Cozzolino M (March 2014). "Vitamin D metabolites and/or analogs: which D for which patient?".
4992:
4730:
3671:
2636:
2592:
2321:
Kircik L (August 2009). "Efficacy and safety of topical calcitriol 3 microg/g ointment, a new topical therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis".
2305:
974:
3353:
1628:
1484:
1022:
3314:
4104:
3286:
2427:
Huckins D, Felson DT, Holick M (November 1990). "Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study".
2348:
Kin KC, Hill D, Feldman SR (June 2016). "Calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis".
1642:
1498:
2187:
2089:
1665:
849:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1753:. The 1-hydroxy group is in the alpha position, and this may be specified in the name, for instance in the abbreviation 1α,25-(OH)
1640:
1496:
3774:
1149:
4419:
3348:
466:
343:
229:
1622:
1478:
3880:
3503:
3439:
3333:
2211:
1636:
1631:
1492:
1487:
1634:
1490:
3895:
3363:
3338:
2295:
1282:
OH) to dissolve out of bone, thus increasing serum calcium. PTH also stimulates the production of calcitriol (see below).
1171:
1624:
1480:
5222:
4779:
3952:
3947:
3689:
3404:
600:
1623:
1479:
5009:
4747:
4428:
4410:
3434:
3414:
708:
248:
1627:
1625:
1483:
1481:
1629:
1485:
5236:
4060:
3942:
1641:
1635:
1497:
1491:
1039:(calcipotriene) is more commonly used. Calcitriol has also been given by mouth for the treatment of psoriasis and
4065:
3623:
1638:
1632:
1494:
1488:
943:
2754:"Down-regulation of calcitonin gene transcription by vitamin D requires two widely separated enhancer sequences"
1958:"IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN): Nomenclature of vitamin D. Recommendations 1981"
1626:
1482:
4241:
3694:
951:
5089:
549:
3109:"Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine"
1673:
1656:
1227:
Stimulating release of calcium from bone. For this it acts on the specific type of bone cells referred to as
4997:
4772:
4735:
3923:
1309:. The levels of the calcium binding protein increase enabling the cells to actively transport more calcium (
285:
747:
4097:
3769:
3746:
3498:
3279:
1796:
Calcitriol is marketed as a pharmaceutical for medical use under various trade names including
Rocaltrol (
1214:
1010:
907:
in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. Calcitriol increases blood
413:
5266:
1294:
1108:
1052:
540:
2133:"From vitamin D to hormone D: fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine system essential for good health"
1890:
969:. In 2021, it was the 258th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1
669:
5084:
4696:
4476:
4200:
3175:
3120:
2553:
1302:
1006:
435:
962:. Regular blood tests are recommended after the medication is started and when the dose is changed.
4590:
4055:
3661:
3656:
3628:
3591:
3424:
3409:
3373:
1801:
1286:
1248:
1244:
1192:
1186:
1115:
1040:
923:
724:
495:
292:
5157:
2079:
5271:
5152:
5132:
5068:
5060:
5057:
4369:
4264:
3396:
3199:
2373:
2105:
2061:
1809:
1412:
1072:
1033:
994:
966:
955:
931:
908:
904:
259:
1434:
Calcitriol is also produced outside the kidney in small amounts by many other tissues including
1153:
1174:. Consumption of these glycosides by grazing animals leads to vitamin D toxicity, resulting in
690:
5205:
5200:
4656:
4631:
4090:
3583:
3272:
3250:
3191:
3148:
3089:
3054:
3003:
2962:
2924:
2875:
2824:
2775:
2734:
2683:
2632:
2588:
2535:
2485:
2444:
2409:
2365:
2330:
2301:
2183:
2154:
2085:
2053:
1979:
1734:
1726:
1321:
680:
649:
395:
382:
370:
163:
5142:
1166:
Miscellaneous; mycobacterium avium, leprosy, lipoid pneumonia, cat scratch fever, berylliosis
589:
5175:
4666:
4641:
4561:
4341:
4336:
4331:
3550:
3545:
3240:
3230:
3183:
3138:
3128:
3081:
3044:
3034:
2993:
2954:
2914:
2906:
2865:
2855:
2814:
2806:
2765:
2724:
2714:
2673:
2665:
2628:
2620:
2525:
2517:
2475:
2436:
2401:
2357:
2264:
2144:
2045:
1969:
1797:
764:
405:
117:
63:
57:
1357:, a hormone which reduces blood calcium primarily by inhibiting calcium release from bone.
1133:
where excess production occurs due to ectopic 25(OH)D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) expressed in
609:
504:
5250:
5137:
5119:
4671:
4228:
4213:
3875:
3508:
3303:
1918:
1869:
1746:
1710:
1374:
1180:
1100:
423:
111:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
2580:
3179:
3124:
2036:
Plum LA, DeLuca HF (December 2010). "Vitamin D, disease and therapeutic opportunities".
1618:
1474:
1411:
The activity of this enzyme is stimulated by PTH. This is an important control point in
751:
728:
5162:
5003:
4741:
4661:
4374:
4187:
4027:
3996:
3968:
3913:
3808:
3525:
3456:
3245:
3218:
3049:
3022:
2998:
2981:
2919:
2894:
2870:
2843:
2819:
2794:
2729:
2702:
2678:
2653:
2583:. In Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J (eds.).
2530:
2505:
1974:
1957:
1849:
1777:
1691:
1669:
1652:
1424:
1104:
1056:
927:
3143:
3108:
2982:"Indications on the use of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites in clinical phenotypes"
2405:
950:. Excessive amounts or intake can result in weakness, headache, nausea, constipation,
5260:
4795:
4510:
4500:
4485:
4205:
4148:
4143:
4037:
3813:
3515:
3478:
1730:
1401:
990:
740:
221:
176:
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
3203:
2377:
1928:
1365:
529:
5185:
5180:
5147:
5109:
5094:
4893:
4882:
4799:
4716:
4636:
4595:
4548:
4515:
4495:
4490:
4351:
4279:
4269:
4259:
4117:
3820:
3756:
3741:
3704:
3651:
3618:
3358:
3325:
2065:
1446:
1420:
1390:
1298:
1221:
1126:
1068:
1036:
1016:
998:
939:
935:
919:
326:
321:
316:
311:
2860:
2361:
2233:
2203:
2010:
207:
4764:
2958:
1873:
5099:
5026:
4946:
4941:
4866:
4648:
4505:
4326:
4218:
4004:
3981:
3483:
3386:
3187:
1784:). 1α,25-Dihydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcitriol) should be used for the vitamin D
1765:
1439:
1405:
1236:
1228:
1134:
1130:
959:
947:
296:
215:
3113:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2793:
Ajibade DV, Dhawan P, Fechner AJ, Meyer MB, Pike JW, Christakos S (July 2010).
2669:
2654:"Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects"
1178:, the deposition of excessive calcium in soft tissues. Three rangeland plants,
1121:
The major conditions with hypercalcaemia due to elevated calcitriol levels are
5190:
5166:
5123:
5104:
4969:
4914:
4908:
4861:
4835:
4586:
4578:
4571:
4535:
4528:
4455:
4401:
4383:
4299:
4274:
4248:
4182:
3918:
3568:
3520:
3449:
3444:
2910:
1717:. Calcitroic acid is more soluble in water and is excreted in bile and urine.
1460:
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
1354:
1256:
1175:
912:
791:
580:
2770:
2753:
2652:
Christakos S, Dhawan P, Verstuyf A, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G (January 2016).
2260:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
2149:
2132:
4974:
4951:
4888:
4843:
4691:
4683:
4600:
4566:
4392:
4361:
4291:
4168:
4158:
4135:
3835:
3764:
3646:
3558:
3493:
3419:
1416:
1415:. Additional effects on the production of calcitriol include an increase by
1393:
1290:
1029:
892:
448:
201:
39:
3254:
3058:
3007:
2966:
2928:
2879:
2828:
2738:
2687:
2539:
2489:
2440:
2369:
2334:
2258:
2158:
2057:
1285:
Many of the effects of calcitriol are mediated by its interaction with the
22:
3195:
3152:
3133:
3093:
2779:
2448:
2413:
1983:
4961:
4853:
4825:
4469:
3986:
3885:
3867:
3825:
3803:
3726:
3718:
3699:
3681:
3610:
3488:
3381:
3343:
2810:
2521:
2480:
2463:
1829:
1805:
1788:
product. However, the terminology of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or 1,25(OH)
1745:
Calcitriol refers specifically to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Because
1435:
1145:, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, candidiasis
1122:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1064:
560:
243:
3085:
3039:
2506:"Vitamin D-Mediated Hypercalcemia: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment"
2269:
1224:
reabsorption of calcium, thus reducing the loss of calcium in the urine.
569:
4153:
4113:
3890:
3857:
3852:
3844:
3731:
3666:
3537:
3295:
1714:
1378:
1160:
1002:
888:
515:
30:
3235:
2719:
4626:
4613:
4543:
4014:
3976:
3795:
3736:
1397:
1270:. The resulting decrease in serum phosphate causes hydroxyapatite (Ca
1084:
1076:
1060:
896:
660:
428:
2049:
1335:
The maintenance of electroneutrality requires that the transport of
629:
4047:
4022:
3933:
3905:
3638:
1428:
1364:
1329:
1232:
814:
805:
696:
640:
4082:
1159:
Genetic conditions; Williams syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum,
2895:"Extrarenal expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase"
620:
486:- inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-diol
376:
5030:
4768:
4086:
3268:
2182:(76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 1050–1051.
389:
238:
4821:
1853:
1028:
Calcitriol has been used in an ointment for the treatment of
1896:
1617:
1473:
713:
3264:
2621:"Biomolecules, mechanisms of enzyme action, and metabolism"
1689:
The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways:
352:
270:
144:
93:
2752:
Peleg S, Abruzzese RV, Cooper CW, Gagel RF (August 1993).
147:
96:
1137:. Other conditions producing similar findings including:
1099:. Compared to other vitamin D compounds in clinical use (
135:
123:
81:
72:
2579:
Bringhurst F, Demay MB, Krane SM, Kronenberg HM (2008).
1892:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1764:
Calcitriol is, strictly, the 1-hydroxylation product of
365:
1833:
975:
954:, and abdominal pain. Serious side effects may include
874:
1197:
are known to contain these glycosides. Of these, only
5234:
918:
It can be given as a medication for the treatment of
132:
120:
78:
69:
66:
3217:
Cantorna MT, Snyder L, Lin YD, Yang L (April 2015).
911:
mainly by increasing the uptake of calcium from the
150:
141:
138:
126:
99:
90:
87:
75:
5067:
4960:
4934:
4927:
4875:
4852:
4834:
4814:
4807:
4709:
4682:
4454:
4445:
4360:
4290:
4167:
4134:
4125:
4046:
4013:
3995:
3967:
3932:
3904:
3866:
3843:
3834:
3794:
3787:
3755:
3717:
3680:
3637:
3609:
3600:
3582:
3536:
3469:
3395:
3372:
3324:
3313:
3302:
2581:"Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease"
2464:"Noncalcemic actions of vitamin D receptor ligands"
2300:. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd.
803:
790:
763:
758:
739:
707:
679:
659:
639:
619:
599:
579:
559:
548:
539:
514:
494:
457:
447:
434:
422:
412:
404:
342:
337:
302:
284:
258:
228:
214:
196:
172:
162:
129:
84:
51:
46:
3023:"Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of vitamin D"
837:C(CCCC(C)(C)O)1CC\21(CCC/C2=C\C=C/3\C(C(C3=C)O)O)C
1213:Promoting absorption of dietary calcium from the
1209:Calcitriol increases blood calcium levels () by:
3219:"Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D regulation of T cells"
3021:Jones G, Prosser DE, Kaufmann M (January 2014).
1776:), rather than the product of hydroxylations of
1713:. This occurs through the action of the CYP24A1
528:
3107:Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF (April 1971).
2017:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
1621:
1477:
503:
2627:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Wiley. pp.
2462:Nagpal S, Na S, Rathnachalam R (August 2005).
2394:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1305:promoting the expression of a gene encoding a
5282:World Health Organization essential medicines
5042:
4780:
4098:
3280:
2986:Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism
2940:
2938:
2504:Tebben PJ, Singh RJ, Kumar R (October 2016).
1293:. When calcitriol binds to the receptor, the
8:
247:
21:
2263:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021.
2106:"Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin D"
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1895:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from
1373:Calcitriol is produced in the cells of the
5069:
5049:
5035:
5027:
4931:
4811:
4787:
4773:
4765:
4451:
4224:Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
4131:
4105:
4091:
4083:
3840:
3791:
3606:
3321:
3310:
3287:
3273:
3265:
2585:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
2289:
2287:
2137:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1772:), derived from cholecalciferol (vitamin D
750:
727:
588:
3244:
3234:
3142:
3132:
3048:
3038:
2997:
2918:
2869:
2859:
2818:
2769:
2728:
2718:
2677:
2529:
2479:
2268:
2148:
1973:
1804:), Decostriol (Mibe, Jesalis), Vectical (
1201:is found in the U.S., mainly in Florida.
608:
2842:Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Rodríguez M (2015).
2180:British national formulary : BNF 76
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2011:"Calcitriol Monograph for Professionals"
1835:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
1353:Calcitriol also inhibits the release of
1328:pathways may be mediated through either
5241:
2899:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
1924:Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1821:
1682:
1406:25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcifediol)
854:
834:
723:
568:
482:)-5--7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1
471:
443:5–8 hours (adults), 27 hours (children)
220:
168:Rocaltrol, Calcijex, Decostriol, others
2703:"The Non-Genomic Actions of Vitamin D"
2560:. Cornell Department of Animal Science
2350:Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
1297:-receptor complex translocates to the
1055:associated with calcitriol therapy is
741:
20:
2280:from the original on 23 January 2024.
2084:. Academic Press. 2018. p. 344.
1163:(adult / infantile), SLC34A1 mutation
689:
668:
648:
206:
7:
5277:Drugs developed by Hoffmann-La Roche
2234:"Calcitriol - Drug Usage Statistics"
2214:from the original on 15 January 2024
1875:Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary
973:million prescriptions. It is on the
695:
325:
315:
1725:It was first identified in 1971 by
1023:corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
628:
519:
4420:2-Methylnaphthalene-1,4-diamine (K
2081:Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases
1975:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06581.x
1651:|alt=Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (
1170:Some plants contain glycosides of
946:, and can be taken by mouth or by
14:
2893:Adams JS, Hewison M (July 2012).
2844:"FGF23 as a calciotropic hormone"
2701:Hii CS, Ferrante A (March 2016).
1927:, Merriam-Webster, archived from
5244:
3775:5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
1962:European Journal of Biochemistry
1381:in the kidneys by the action of
1320:) from the intestine across the
1243:Calcitriol acts in concert with
1148:Other granulomatous conditions;
903:. It binds to and activates the
775:
116:
62:
38:
29:
2323:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
2294:Rossi S (2006). Rossi S (ed.).
1361:Biosynthesis and its regulation
862:Key:GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N
4429:4-Amino-3-methyl-1-naphthol (K
4411:4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol (K
2587:(17th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
2038:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
985:Calcitriol is prescribed for:
781:
769:
1:
5223:Receptor/signaling modulators
2947:Current Vascular Pharmacology
2861:10.12688/f1000research.7189.1
2558:Plants Poisonous to Livestock
2406:10.1016/S0190-9622(88)70207-8
2362:10.1080/17512433.2016.1179574
2297:Australian Medicines Handbook
1729:working in the laboratory of
1668:Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (
1419:, a hormone which stimulates
1324:into the blood. Alternative,
1172:1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
901:1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
2980:Brandi ML (September 2010).
2959:10.2174/15701611113119990024
1855:Stedman's Medical Dictionary
1431:by osteocyte cells in bone.
1118:levels are usually present.
3188:10.1126/science.173.3991.51
2273:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
1889:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
930:, low blood calcium due to
5298:
5074:Tooltip Vitamin D receptor
4899:Calcipotriol/betamethasone
3943:Insulin-like growth factor
2670:10.1152/physrev.00014.2015
1692:"VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531"
1423:(the formation of milk in
1235:, which in turn activates
1231:, causing them to release
1059:– early symptoms include:
759:Chemical and physical data
5214:
4987:
4725:
4219:25-hydroxycholecalciferol
3027:Journal of Lipid Research
2911:10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.016
2554:"Calcinogenic Glycosides"
2131:Norman AW (August 2008).
1408:in the 1-alpha position.
944:familial hypophosphatemia
870:
845:
825:
462:
453:Faeces (50%), urine (16%)
37:
28:
5090:25-Hydroxyergocalciferol
4796:Drugs used for psoriasis
2771:10.1210/mend.7.8.8232320
2429:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1968:(2): 223–227. May 1982.
952:urinary tract infections
16:Active form of vitamin D
2758:Molecular Endocrinology
2619:Voet D, Voet J (2004).
1454:Interactive pathway map
1307:calcium binding protein
895:, normally made in the
891:and the active form of
3770:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
3747:Pancreatic polypeptide
2441:10.1002/art.1780331117
2150:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.491S
1645:
1501:
1370:
1215:gastrointestinal tract
1011:chronic kidney disease
899:. It is also known as
4242:Dihydroergocalciferol
3134:10.1073/pnas.68.4.803
2658:Physiological Reviews
2204:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1644:
1500:
1368:
1301:, where it acts as a
1143:Pneumocystis jiroveci
1053:adverse drug reaction
1005:(infants, children),
948:injection into a vein
5085:7-Dehydrocholesterol
4697:Dehydroascorbic acid
4201:7-Dehydrocholesterol
2811:10.1210/en.2010-0033
2522:10.1210/er.2016-1070
2481:10.1210/er.2004-0002
1899:on 25 September 2015
1400:which catalyzes the
1369:Calcitriol synthesis
1303:transcription factor
1007:renal osteodystrophy
4591:Pyridoxal phosphate
4056:Natriuretic peptide
3374:Posterior pituitary
3359:Somatostatin (GHIH)
3180:1971Sci...173...51N
3125:1971PNAS...68..803H
3086:10.1021/bi00790a023
3040:10.1194/jlr.R031534
1387:1-alpha-hydroxylase
1383:25-hydroxyvitamin D
1287:calcitriol receptor
1249:inorganic phosphate
1245:parathyroid hormone
1205:Mechanism of action
1193:Trisetum flavescens
1187:Solanum malacoxylon
1141:Fungal infections;
1116:parathyroid hormone
1041:psoriatic arthritis
924:hyperparathyroidism
385:(Prescription only)
361:(Prescription only)
25:
5133:Dihydrotachysterol
5058:Vitamin D receptor
5014:Never to phase III
4752:Never to phase III
4265:Dihydrotachysterol
3397:Anterior pituitary
2329:(8 Suppl): s9-16.
1878:, Merriam-Webster.
1646:
1502:
1371:
1034:vitamin D analogue
995:hypoparathyroidism
967:generic medication
956:high blood calcium
932:hypoparathyroidism
905:vitamin D receptor
5232:
5231:
5024:
5023:
4983:
4982:
4923:
4922:
4762:
4761:
4705:
4704:
4657:Adenosylcobalamin
4632:Dihydrofolic acid
4441:
4440:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
3963:
3962:
3783:
3782:
3713:
3712:
3465:
3464:
3236:10.3390/nu7043011
3080:(14): 2799–2804.
2720:10.3390/nu8030135
2638:978-0-471-25090-6
2594:978-0-07-159991-7
2510:Endocrine Reviews
2468:Endocrine Reviews
2435:(11): 1723–1727.
2307:978-0-9757919-2-9
1858:, Wolters Kluwer.
1808:), and Rolsical (
1727:Michael F. Holick
1322:intestinal mucosa
920:low blood calcium
882:
881:
816:Interactive image
709:CompTox Dashboard
393:
380:
368:
356:
274:
241:
5289:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5240:
5176:Lithocholic acid
5075:
5071:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5028:
4932:
4812:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4766:
4667:Hydroxocobalamin
4642:Levomefolic acid
4562:Pantothenic acid
4452:
4375:Phylloquinone (K
4132:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4084:
3841:
3836:Digestive system
3792:
3607:
3546:Thyroid hormones
3322:
3311:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3229:(4): 3011–3021.
3214:
3208:
3207:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2805:(7): 2974–2984.
2790:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2616:
2599:
2598:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2483:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2272:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2143:(2): 491S–499S.
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:. 9 October 2020
2102:
2096:
2095:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2007:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1826:
1768:(25-OH vitamin D
1737:and colleagues.
1696:
1695:
1687:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1161:CYP24A1 mutation
972:
878:
877:
818:
798:
783:
777:
771:
754:
743:
732:
731:
717:
715:
699:
693:
672:
652:
632:
612:
592:
572:
552:
532:
522:
521:
507:
439:
391:
388:
378:
375:
367:
364:
354:
351:
329:
319:
272:
269:
251:
240:
237:
224:
210:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
115:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
61:
42:
33:
26:
24:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5210:
5170:
5138:Doxercalciferol
5127:
5120:Cholecalciferol
5073:
5063:
5055:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5004:Clinical trials
4979:
4956:
4919:
4871:
4848:
4830:
4803:
4793:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4742:Clinical trials
4721:
4701:
4678:
4672:Methylcobalamin
4652:
4623:
4610:
4582:
4558:
4539:
4525:
4480:
4466:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4384:Menaquinones (K
4378:
4356:
4286:
4252:
4238:
4229:Calcitroic acid
4214:Cholecalciferol
4209:
4197:
4179:
4163:
4127:
4121:
4111:
4081:
4072:
4042:
4009:
3991:
3959:
3928:
3900:
3862:
3830:
3779:
3751:
3709:
3676:
3633:
3596:
3578:
3562:
3554:
3532:
3516:Adrenal medulla
3509:Androstenedione
3461:
3391:
3368:
3316:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3263:
3262:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3174:(3991): 51–54.
3165:
3164:
3160:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3020:
3019:
3015:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2764:(8): 999–1008.
2751:
2750:
2746:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2618:
2617:
2602:
2595:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2050:10.1038/nrd3318
2044:(12): 941–955.
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1991:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1919:Merriam-Webster
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1870:Merriam-Webster
1868:
1867:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1760:
1756:
1747:cholecalciferol
1743:
1723:
1711:calcitroic acid
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1456:
1386:
1375:proximal tubule
1363:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1207:
1181:Cestrum diurnum
1154:Crohn's disease
1150:PR3+ vasculitis
1101:cholecalciferol
1049:
1047:Adverse effects
1032:, although the
983:
970:
873:
871:
866:
863:
858:
853:
852:
841:
838:
833:
832:
821:
796:
786:
780:
774:
735:
711:
703:
675:
655:
635:
615:
595:
575:
555:
535:
518:
510:
490:
487:
470:
469:
437:
414:Protein binding
406:Pharmacokinetic
400:
333:
287:
280:
261:
254:
191:
187:
183:
179:
119:
110:
109:
108:
65:
56:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5295:
5293:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:Ergocalciferol
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5078:
5076:
5065:
5064:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:Cyanocobalamin
4659:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4370:Naphthoquinone
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4188:Ergocalciferol
4185:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4052:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3969:Adipose tissue
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3939:
3937:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Enteroglucagon
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:Beta thymosins
3811:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3526:Norepinephrine
3523:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3479:Adrenal cortex
3475:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3209:
3158:
3119:(4): 803–804.
3099:
3064:
3013:
2992:(3): 243–250.
2972:
2953:(2): 339–349.
2934:
2885:
2834:
2785:
2744:
2693:
2664:(1): 365–408.
2644:
2637:
2600:
2593:
2571:
2545:
2516:(5): 521–547.
2496:
2474:(5): 662–687.
2454:
2419:
2400:(3): 516–528.
2383:
2356:(6): 789–797.
2340:
2313:
2306:
2283:
2250:
2225:
2195:
2188:
2164:
2123:
2110:ods.od.nih.gov
2097:
2090:
2071:
2028:
1989:
1942:
1931:on 25 May 2020
1910:
1881:
1861:
1850:Wolters Kluwer
1841:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:ergocalciferol
1773:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1739:
1733:, and also by
1722:
1719:
1715:24-hydroxylase
1705:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1681:
1680:
1664:
1663:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1445:When the drug
1438:and activated
1425:mammary glands
1413:Ca homeostasis
1384:
1362:
1359:
1341:
1315:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1218:
1206:
1203:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1146:
1105:ergocalciferol
1057:hypercalcaemia
1048:
1045:
1026:
1025:
1021:Prevention of
1019:
1013:
982:
979:
928:kidney disease
880:
879:
868:
867:
865:
864:
861:
859:
856:
848:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
836:
828:
827:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
811:
809:
801:
800:
794:
788:
787:
784:
778:
772:
767:
761:
760:
756:
755:
745:
737:
736:
734:
733:
720:
718:
705:
704:
702:
701:
685:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
665:
663:
657:
656:
654:
653:
645:
643:
637:
636:
634:
633:
625:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
605:
603:
597:
596:
594:
593:
585:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
525:
523:
512:
511:
509:
508:
500:
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
473:
465:
464:
463:
460:
459:
455:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
432:
431:
426:
420:
419:
416:
410:
409:
402:
401:
399:
398:
386:
373:
362:
348:
346:
340:
339:
335:
334:
332:
331:
308:
306:
300:
299:
290:
288:administration
282:
281:
279:
278:
276:
266:
264:
256:
255:
253:
252:
234:
232:
226:
225:
218:
212:
211:
204:
194:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
160:
159:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5294:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5252:
5242:
5238:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4717:Multivitamins
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Ascorbic acid
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:Prosultiamine
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4501:Fursultiamine
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Acefurtiamine
4484:
4483:
4482:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4434:
4427:
4425:
4418:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4400:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4038:Prostaglandin
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:Hypothalamic–
3312:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2905:(1): 95–102.
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2848:F1000Research
2845:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:Endocrinology
2796:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
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2680:
2675:
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2630:
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2609:
2607:
2605:
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2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
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2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2420:
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2395:
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2379:
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2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2303:
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2290:
2288:
2284:
2276:
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2169:
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1994:
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1976:
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1963:
1959:
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1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1914:
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1898:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1856:
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1845:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1811:
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1800:), Calcijex (
1799:
1794:
1779:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:Hector DeLuca
1728:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1666:
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1443:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:hydroxylation
1399:
1395:
1392:
1391:mitochondrial
1388:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1333:
1331:
1327:
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1216:
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1196:
1194:
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1015:Treatment of
1014:
1012:
1008:
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991:hypocalcaemia
989:Treatment of
988:
987:
986:
980:
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976:
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963:
961:
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742:ECHA InfoCard
738:
730:
726:
725:DTXSID5022722
722:
721:
719:
710:
706:
698:
697:RCSB PDB
692:
687:
686:
684:
682:
678:
671:
667:
666:
664:
662:
658:
651:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
631:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
611:
607:
606:
604:
602:
598:
591:
587:
586:
584:
582:
578:
571:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
551:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
527:
526:
524:
517:
513:
506:
502:
501:
499:
497:
493:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:
461:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
440:
433:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
397:
387:
384:
374:
372:
363:
360:
350:
349:
347:
345:
341:
336:
328:
323:
318:
313:
310:
309:
307:
305:
301:
298:
294:
291:
289:
283:
277:
268:
267:
265:
263:
257:
250:
245:
236:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
175:
171:
167:
165:
161:
155:
113:
104:
59:
54:
52:Pronunciation
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
5267:Secosteroids
5221:
5198:Antagonists:
5197:
5186:Paricalcitol
5181:Maxacalcitol
5158:Ercalcitriol
5148:Eldecalcitol
5114:
5110:Calcipotriol
5095:Alfacalcidol
5081:
4903:
4894:Calcipotriol
4887:
4883:Fumaric acid
4710:Combinations
4637:Folinic acid
4596:Pyridoxamine
4567:Dexpanthenol
4516:Sulbutiamine
4496:Benfotiamine
4491:Allithiamine
4393:Menadione (K
4352:Tocofersolan
4280:Paricalcitol
4270:Calcipotriol
4260:Alfacalcidol
4256:D analogues
4223:
4206:Previtamin D
4032:
3821:Thymopoietin
3757:Pineal gland
3742:Somatostatin
3705:Progesterone
3652:Progesterone
3619:Testosterone
3602:Gonadal axis
3574:Thyroid axis
3471:Adrenal axis
3326:Hypothalamus
3226:
3222:
3212:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3077:
3074:Biochemistry
3073:
3067:
3033:(1): 13–31.
3030:
3026:
3016:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2950:
2946:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2625:Biochemistry
2624:
2584:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2557:
2548:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2296:
2270:10665/345533
2259:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2179:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2080:
2074:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
1965:
1961:
1935:25 September
1933:, retrieved
1929:the original
1923:
1913:
1903:25 September
1901:, retrieved
1897:the original
1891:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1795:
1763:
1750:
1744:
1724:
1707:
1685:
1459:
1458:
1447:alfacalcidol
1444:
1433:
1421:lactogenesis
1410:
1372:
1352:
1348:
1334:
1325:
1299:cell nucleus
1284:
1242:
1208:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1169:
1142:
1127:tuberculosis
1120:
1113:
1069:constipation
1050:
1037:calcipotriol
1027:
1017:osteoporosis
999:osteomalacia
984:
964:
940:osteomalacia
936:osteoporosis
917:
900:
884:
883:
872:
483:
479:
475:
436:Elimination
344:Legal status
338:Legal status
230:License data
180:, 1α,25-(OH)
18:
5153:Ercalcidiol
5100:Calcifediol
5000:from market
4947:Methoxsalen
4942:Trioxysalen
4867:Methoxsalen
4862:Trioxysalen
4738:from market
4549:Niacinamide
4506:Octotiamine
4327:Tocotrienol
4005:Osteocalcin
3982:Adiponectin
3809:Thymosin α1
3584:Parathyroid
3484:Aldosterone
3387:Vasopressin
1838:, Elsevier.
1766:calcifediol
1735:Tony Norman
1440:macrophages
1326:non-genomic
1237:osteoclasts
1229:osteoblasts
1220:Increasing
1135:macrophages
1131:sarcoidosis
981:Medical use
960:anaphylaxis
799: g·mol
748:100.046.315
650:CHEBI:17823
458:Identifiers
297:intravenous
216:MedlinePlus
173:Other names
164:Trade names
5261:Categories
5191:Tacalcitol
5115:Calcitriol
5105:Calciferol
5061:modulators
4970:Etretinate
4915:Tazarotene
4909:Tacalcitol
4904:Calcitriol
4627:Folic acid
4587:Pyridoxine
4572:Pantethine
4529:Riboflavin
4402:Various (K
4300:Tocopherol
4275:Tacalcitol
4183:Ergosterol
4149:β-Carotene
4144:α-Carotene
4033:Calcitriol
3919:Peptide YY
3569:Calcitonin
3521:Adrenaline
3450:Lipotropin
3445:Endorphins
2713:(3): 135.
2243:14 January
2218:14 January
2116:31 October
1816:References
1810:Sun Pharma
1780:(vitamin D
1751:calcitriol
1704:Metabolism
1355:calcitonin
1257:counterion
1199:C. diurnum
1176:calcinosis
1001:(adults),
913:intestines
885:Calcitriol
804:3D model (
792:Molar mass
681:PDB ligand
610:FXC9231JVH
581:ChemSpider
541:IUPHAR/BPS
505:32222-06-3
496:CAS Number
467:IUPAC name
424:Metabolism
249:Calcitriol
188:, 1,25(OH)
23:Calcitriol
5272:Vitamin D
5167:vitamin D
5124:vitamin D
5082:Agonists:
5010:Phase III
4998:Withdrawn
4975:Acitretin
4962:Retinoids
4952:Bergapten
4935:Psoralens
4889:vitamin D
4854:Psoralens
4844:Dithranol
4836:Antracens
4748:Phase III
4736:Withdrawn
4601:Pyritinol
4481:analogues
4159:Tretinoin
3804:Thymosins
3765:Melatonin
3647:Estradiol
3494:Cortisone
3420:Prolactin
3317:pituitary
3304:Endocrine
3223:Nutrients
2707:Nutrients
2015:Drugs.com
1417:prolactin
1394:oxygenase
1291:cytoplasm
1109:half-life
1095:, and/or
1051:The main
1030:psoriasis
893:vitamin D
670:ChEMBL846
449:Excretion
438:half-life
286:Routes of
260:Pregnancy
208:Monograph
202:Drugs.com
5251:Medicine
5218:See also
5206:TEI-9647
5201:ZK159222
4928:Systemic
4826:Coal tar
4470:Thiamine
4114:Vitamins
3997:Skeleton
3987:Resistin
3886:Secretin
3868:Duodenum
3826:Thymulin
3727:Glucagon
3719:Pancreas
3700:Estrogen
3682:Placenta
3489:Cortisol
3382:Oxytocin
3344:Dopamine
3296:Hormones
3255:25912039
3204:35236666
3059:23564710
3008:22460535
2967:23713876
2929:22446158
2880:27081473
2854:: 1472.
2829:20463051
2739:26950144
2688:26681795
2540:27588937
2490:15798098
2378:38261070
2370:27089906
2335:19702031
2275:Archived
2238:ClinCalc
2212:Archived
2208:ClinCalc
2159:18689389
2058:21119732
1830:Elsevier
1806:Galderma
1436:placenta
1332:or VDR.
1123:lymphoma
1097:polyuria
1093:sweating
1089:pruritus
1081:headache
1073:anorexia
1065:vomiting
875:(verify)
561:DrugBank
304:ATC code
293:By mouth
275: B3
262:category
244:DailyMed
5143:EB-1089
4808:Topical
4448:soluble
4154:Retinol
4128:soluble
3891:Motilin
3858:Ghrelin
3853:Gastrin
3845:Stomach
3732:Insulin
3667:Relaxin
3662:Inhibin
3657:Activin
3629:Inhibin
3538:Thyroid
3246:4425186
3196:4325863
3176:Bibcode
3168:Science
3153:4323790
3121:Bibcode
3094:4326883
3050:3927478
2999:3213838
2920:3361592
2871:4815615
2820:2903940
2780:8232320
2730:4808864
2679:4839493
2564:16 June
2531:5045493
2449:2242069
2414:2459166
2066:8894111
2021:9 April
1984:7094913
1721:History
1468:[[File:
1396:and an
1379:nephron
1377:of the
1255:), the
1003:rickets
926:due to
909:calcium
889:hormone
797:416.646
765:Formula
590:4444108
570:DB00136
530:5280453
516:PubChem
369::
324: (
322:D05AX03
320:)
314: (
312:A11CC04
246::
222:a682335
5237:Portal
4993:WHO-EM
4731:WHO-EM
4614:Biotin
4544:Niacin
4446:Water
4015:Kidney
3977:Leptin
3936:/other
3796:Thymus
3737:Amylin
3611:Testis
3504:DHEA-S
3306:glands
3253:
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3202:
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3151:
3144:389047
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1802:Abbott
1398:enzyme
1295:ligand
1190:, and
1085:thirst
1077:apathy
1061:nausea
971:
942:, and
897:kidney
830:SMILES
661:ChEMBL
630:D00129
429:Kidney
396:℞-only
394:
381:
371:℞-only
357:
242:
158:
4876:Other
4346:Delta
4342:Gamma
4332:Alpha
4320:Delta
4315:Gamma
4305:Alpha
4048:Heart
4023:Renin
3953:IGF-2
3948:IGF-1
3934:Liver
3924:GLP-1
3906:Ileum
3788:Other
3672:GnSAF
3639:Ovary
3200:S2CID
2629:663–4
2374:S2CID
2278:(PDF)
2062:S2CID
1798:Roche
1741:Names
1429:FGF23
1330:PDIA3
1233:RANKL
887:is a
850:InChI
806:JSmol
688:VDX (
641:ChEBI
418:99.9%
4815:Tars
4337:Beta
4310:Beta
4126:Fat
3499:DHEA
3435:ACTH
3430:CLIP
3425:POMC
3354:GHRH
3334:GnRH
3251:PMID
3192:PMID
3149:PMID
3090:PMID
3055:PMID
3004:PMID
2963:PMID
2925:PMID
2876:PMID
2825:PMID
2776:PMID
2735:PMID
2684:PMID
2633:ISBN
2589:ISBN
2566:2021
2536:PMID
2486:PMID
2445:PMID
2410:PMID
2366:PMID
2331:PMID
2302:ISBN
2245:2024
2220:2024
2184:ISBN
2155:PMID
2118:2020
2086:ISBN
2054:PMID
2023:2019
1980:PMID
1937:2015
1905:2015
1674:edit
1670:view
1657:edit
1653:view
1389:, a
1129:and
958:and
922:and
691:PDBe
621:KEGG
601:UNII
550:2779
408:data
198:AHFS
5070:VDR
4822:Tar
4800:D05
4118:A11
4066:BNP
4061:ANP
4028:EPO
3896:VIP
3881:GIP
3876:CCK
3695:HPL
3690:hCG
3624:AMH
3592:PTH
3440:MSH
3415:TSH
3405:FSH
3364:MCH
3349:CRH
3339:TRH
3241:PMC
3231:doi
3184:doi
3172:173
3139:PMC
3129:doi
3082:doi
3045:PMC
3035:doi
2994:PMC
2955:doi
2915:PMC
2907:doi
2903:523
2866:PMC
2856:doi
2815:PMC
2807:doi
2803:151
2766:doi
2725:PMC
2715:doi
2674:PMC
2666:doi
2526:PMC
2518:doi
2476:doi
2437:doi
2402:doi
2358:doi
2265:hdl
2145:doi
2046:doi
1970:doi
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1659:)]]
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1274:(PO
1259:of
714:EPA
520:CID
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