2135:
730:
1056:
598:
2198:
1926:
2163:
1511:
910:), which has been found empirically to give the most pleasant tone. However, the tone of a bell is mostly due to its shape. A bell is regarded as having a good tone when it's "in tune with itself". In western bell founding, this is known as "harmonic tuning" of a bell, which results in the bell's strongest harmonics being in harmony with each other and the strike note. This produces the brightest and purest sound, which is the attractive sound of a good bell. A huge amount of effort has been expended over the centuries in finding the shape which will produce the harmonically tuned bell.
2099:
518:, which is a musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells, is tuned so that the bells can be played serially to produce a melody, or sounded together to play a chord. A traditional carillon is played by striking a baton keyboard with the fists, and by pressing the keys of a pedal keyboard with the feet. The keys mechanically activate levers and wires that connect to metal clappers that strike the inside of the bells, allowing the performer to vary the intensity of the note according to the force applied to the key.
1032:
244:
492:(the wooden pole seen sticking up when the bells are down) engages a mechanism to allow the bell to rest just past its balance point. The rope is attached to one side of a wheel so that a different amount of rope is wound on and off as it swings to and fro. The bells are controlled by ringers (one to a bell) in a chamber below, who rotate the bell to through a full circle and back, and control the speed of oscillation when the bell is mouth upwards at the balance-point when little effort is required.
863:
441:
1942:
946:
the bell is critical in producing the desired strike note and associated harmonics. Tuning is undertaken by clamping the bell on a large rotating table and using a cutting tool to remove metal. This is an iterative process in which metal is removed from certain parts of the bell to change certain harmonics. This process was made possible historically by the use of tuning forks to find sympathetic resonance on specific parts of a bell for the harmonic being tuned, but today electronic
323:
449:
2008:
1965:
2147:
2120:
3640:(of Canadian Parliament, Ottawa), Percival Price, held at the National Library of Canada (as then named), 12 May to 14 Sept. 1986; some copies come with the guide to the taped dubbings of the recordings played as background music to the displays, as technically prepared by Gilles Saint-Laurent and listed by Stephen Charles Willis, both of the library's Music Division; English and French texts respectively divided into upper and lower portions of each page.
457:
2044:
714:
702:
1984:
2028:
1044:
2072:
687:
1642:, was first used for utilitarian purposes and only later for artistic ones. Konguro'o rang when moving to new places. They were fastened to the horse harnesses and created a very specific "smart" sound background. Konguro'o also hung on the neck of the leader goat, which the sheep herd followed. This led to the association in folk memory between the distinctive sound of konguro'o and the nomadic way of life.
405:, handbells were used in camps and garrisons and by patrols that went around to visit sentinels. Among the Romans, the hour of bathing was announced by a bell. They also used them in the home, as an ornament and emblem, and bells were placed around the necks of cattle and sheep so they could be found if they strayed. As late as the 10th century AD, European bells were no higher than 2 feet in height.
969:
1715:
56:
2087:
960:
Eindhoven, using computer modelling, produced bell profiles which were cast by the
Eijsbouts Bellfoundry in the Netherlands. They were described as resembling old Coke bottles in that they had a bulge around the middle; In 1999 a design without the bulge was announced. However, the major bell concept has found little favour; most bells cast today are almost universally minor third bells.
1439:
1626:
864:
2197:
849:
331:
5004:
200:) for its resonant properties, but can also be made from other hard materials. This depends on the function. Some small bells such as ornamental bells or cowbells can be made from cast or pressed metal, glass or ceramic, but large bells such as a church, clock and tower bells are normally cast from bell metal.
950:
are normally used. To tune the strike note, the nominal or the strike note are tuned; the effect is usually the same because the nominal is one of the main partials that determines the tone of the strike note. The thickness of a church bell at its thickest part, called the "sound bow", is usually one
827:
The outside of the mould is made within a perforated cast-iron case, larger than the finished bell, containing the loam mixture which is shaped, dried and smoothed in the same way as the core. The case is inverted (mouth down), lowered over the core and clamped to the base plate. The clamped mould is
495:
Swinging bells are sounded by an internal clapper. The clapper may have a longer period of swing than the bell. In this case, the bell will catch up with the clapper and if rung to or near full circle will carry the clapper up on the bell's trailing side. Alternatively, the clapper may have a shorter
945:
This quest by various founders over centuries of bell founding has resulted in the development of an optimum profile for casting each size of a bell to give true harmonic tuning. Although bells are cast to accurate patterns, variations in casting mean that a final tuning is necessary as the shape of
472:
or town bell, which is hung within a tower or bell cote. Such bells are either fixed in a static position ("hung dead") or mounted on a beam (the "headstock") so they can swing to and fro. Bells that are hung dead are normally sounded by hitting the sound bow with a hammer or occasionally by pulling
1551:
are unique among all other types of cast bells in several respects and they rank among the highest achievements of
Chinese bronze casting technology. However, the remarkable secret of their design and the method of casting—known only to the Chinese in antiquity—was lost in later generations and was
376:
sites, they are also found as part of the horse-and-chariot gear and as collar-bells of dogs. By the 13th century BC, bells weighing over 150 kilograms (330 pounds) were being cast in China. After 1000 AD, iron became the most commonly used metal for bells instead of bronze. The earliest dated iron
1590:
The bells of
Marquis Yi—which were still fully playable after almost 2500 years—cover a range of slightly less than five octaves but thanks to their dual-tone capability, the set can sound a complete 12-tone scale—predating the development of the European 12-tone system by some 2000 years—and can
921:
in the 17th century reliably cast many bells for carillons of unequalled quality of tuning for the time, but after their death, their guarded trade secrets were lost, and not until the 19th century were bells of comparable tuning quality cast. It was only in modern times that repeatable harmonic
476:
Where a bell is swung, it can either be swung over a small arc by a rope and lever or by using a rope on a wheel to swing the bell higher. As the bell swings higher the sound is projected outwards rather than downwards. Larger bells may be swung using electric motors. In some places, such as the
1682:
is a traditional folk instrument in
Lithuania which consists of wooden bells of various sizes hanging in several vertical rows with one or two wooden or metal small clappers hanging inside them. It is played with two wooden sticks. When the skrabalai is moved a clapper knocks at the wall of the
230:
Historically, bells have been associated with religious rites, and are still used to call communities together for religious services. Later, bells were made to commemorate important events or people and have been associated with the concepts of peace and freedom. The study of bells is called
959:
The traditional harmonically tuned bell has a minor third as a main harmonic. On the theory that western music in major keys may sound better on bells with a major third as a harmonic, production of bells with major thirds was attempted in the 1980s. Scientists at the
Technical University in
2134:
889:
1187:. The full Korean name means "Sacred Bell of King Seongdeok the Great." It was also known as the Bell of Bongdeoksa Temple, where it was first housed. The bell weighs about 25 tons and was originally cast in 771 CE. It is now stored in the National Museum of Gyeongju.
2392:, p. 92 states "a clearly audible, slow-decaying partial at 347 Hz with a beating component in it. It is a resultant of the various F harmonic series partials that can be clearly seen in the spectrum (5, , 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, etc.) beside the C-related partials".
2162:
481:, the clapper is held against the sound bow with an electric clasp as the bell swings up. The clasp would release the clapper to provide a cleaner start to ringing. To silence the bell, the clasp catches and locks the clapper back in place.
1649:
foremen used copper, bronze, iron and brass. They also decorated it with artistic carving and covered it with silver. Sizes of the instruments might vary within certain limits, what depended on its function. Every bell had its own timbre.
835:
Historically, before rail or road transport of large bells was possible, a "bell pit" was often dug in the grounds of the building where the bell was to be installed. Molten bell metal is poured into the mould through a box lined with
420:
349:. Clapper-bells made of pottery have been found in several archaeological sites. The pottery bells later developed into metal bells. In West Asia, the first bells appear in 1000 BC. The earliest metal bells, with one found in the
729:
384:
Bells west of China did not reach the same size until the 2nd millennium AD. Assyrian bells dated to the 7th century BC were around 4 inches high. Roman bells dated to the 1st and 2nd century AD were around 8 inches high. The
536:, the traditional forms of bells are temple and palace bells, small ones being rung by a sharp rap with a stick, and very large ones rung by a blow from the outside by a large swinging beam. (See images of the great bell of
589:, the entire bell never moves, only the clapper. A complex system of ropes is developed and used uniquely for every bell tower. Some ropes (the smaller ones) are played by hand, the bigger ropes are played by foot.
5064:
804:
but large bells are cast mouth downwards by filling the air space in a two-part mould with molten metal. Such a mould has an outer section clamped to a base-plate on which an inner core has been constructed.
1010:
In the case of clock towers and grandfather clocks, a particular sequence of tones may be played to distinguish between the hour, half-hour, quarter-hour, or other intervals. One common pattern is called
1415:
Underwriting Room where it used to be struck when news of an overdue ship arrived—once for the loss of a ship (i.e., bad news, last in 1979), and twice for her return (i.e., good news, last in 1989).
792:. Steel was tried during the busy church-building period of mid-19th-century England, because it was more economical than bronze, but was found not to be durable and manufacture ceased in the 1870s.
870:
566:, are often rung by a server at Mass when the priest holds high up first the host and then the chalice immediately after he has said the words of consecration over them (the moment known as the
1547:(鐘) were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some have been dated at between 2000 and 3600 years old. Tuned bells have been created and used for musical performance in many cultures but
3670:
1296:
is the fourth-largest bell in the
British Isles, after The Olympic Bell (used at the opening of the 2012 Olympic Games), Great Paul (St Paul's Cathedral, City of London) and Great George (
885:"The bell produces a secondary pitch (f') which lies outside that 'inharmonic series though it is clearly audible when the bell is struck, 'to curiously thrilling and disturbing effect.'"
856:(1497) typical of a harmonically-tuned bell: strike note is E, with hum note an octave below, minor third, fifth, nominal above, and major third and perfect fifth in the second octave.
38:
4515:
424:
427:
426:
422:
421:
1925:
496:
period and catch up with the bell's leading side, travel up with the bell coming to rest on the downhill side. This latter method is used in
English style full circle ringing.
428:
2098:
2676:
1157:. The bell itself weighs 66,000 pounds (30,000 kg); with clapper and supports, the total weight which swings when the bell is rung is 89,390 pounds (40,550 kg).
4609:
1482:
in changing ringing may have bells playing for several hours, playing 5,000 or more patterns without a break or repetition. They have also been used in many kinds of
625:, a homophone meaning both "cool" and "refreshing", are spherical bells which contain metal pellets that produce sound from the inside. The hemispherical bell is the
2043:
3636:.: Prepared on the occasion of an exhibition of the same title, based on the collection of bell and carillon related material and documentation, of former Dominion
1253:, which is more like turning than swinging. So, depending on the point of view, the St. Petersglocke may be considered the largest free-swinging bell in the world.)
1446:
185:. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell (
1245:. It weighs 24 tons and was cast in 1922. It is the largest functioning free-swinging bell in the world that swings from its top. (The Gotenba Bell and the
2119:
1766:
The following organizations promote the ringing, study, music, collection, preservation and restoration of bells. Nation(s) covered are given in parentheses.
1341:. It was cast in 1680 and weighs over 6 tons. Great Tom is still rung 101 times at 21:05 every night to signify the 101 original scholars of the college.
425:
3371:
3102:
1852:
507:
are often used to give a full open sound on one round, and a muffled sound on the alternate round for a distinctive, mournful effect. This was done at the
543:
The striking technique is employed worldwide for some of the largest tower-borne bells because swinging the bells themselves could damage their towers.
3021:
The
Americana: A Universal Reference Library, Comprising the Arts and Sciences, Literature, History, Biography, Geography, Commerce, Etc., of the World
1055:
5044:
4946:
1499:
816:
well mixed with straw and horse manure. This is given a profile corresponding to the inside shape of the finished bell and dried with gentle heat.
2252:
1770:
597:
4442:
1447:
4631:
3699:
3458:
2455:
1782:
578:
teaching, that Christ is now bodily present in the elements, and that what the priest is holding up for them to look at is Christ himself (see
1983:
5024:
4501:
4448:
3565:
3542:
3515:
3490:
3393:
3349:
3293:
3162:
3129:
3058:
2469:
3684:
1941:
4602:
4226:
3258:
1138:
2027:
1279:, the second largest bell at 16.5 tons in the British Isles. One can hear Great Paul booming out over Ludgate Hill at 1300 every day.
423:
1126:
The
Gotenba Bell is the largest functioning swinging bell, weighing 79,900 pounds (36,200 kg). It is located in a tourist resort in
570:). This serves to indicate to the congregation that the bread and wine have just been transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ (see
5059:
5054:
3547:
508:
4468:
2893:
1100:
is the largest bell still in existence. It weighs 160 tonnes (180 tons), but it was never rung and broke in 1737. It is on display in
1020:
1007:
can be heard over long distances, which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread ownership.
4318:
3645:
3589:
3322:
3091:
686:
103:
3217:
2007:
701:
4976:
2672:
1964:
1309:
4508:
1607:
4743:
4595:
3736:
1161:
334:
4398:
2954:
2146:
1510:
4648:
4627:
3507:
2125:
444:
Mechanism of a bell hung for
English full-circle ringing. The bell can swing through a full circle in alternate directions.
4981:
4971:
4851:
4639:
4474:
4373:
4333:
4313:
4050:
3815:
2377:
2245:
2140:
Bronze bell from the second half of the fourteenth century, depicting Saints Peter, Paul, John the Evangelist, and Thomas.
918:
586:
216:
4994:
713:
503:) strapped around them to quieten the bells when practice ringing to avoid annoying the neighbourhood. Also at funerals,
4961:
4453:
4278:
4221:
4179:
3074:
2411:
1809:
World Carillon Federation (multinational) - an international association of independent national or regional societies,
1788:
Handbell Musicians of America (United States) - formerly known as The American Guild of English Handbell Ringers (AGEHR)
1405:
1131:
942:
Further, less-audible, harmonics include the major third and a perfect fifth in the second octave above the named note.
5039:
5029:
4159:
2848:
4393:
4966:
4915:
3198:
2648:
1970:
878:
1319:
in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands, houses the Salvator, weighing 8.2 tons and cast in 1505 by Geert van Wou.
4388:
4348:
4149:
2619:
627:
452:
English full-circle bells shown in the "down" position, in which they are normally left between ringing sessions.
5049:
4420:
4410:
4383:
4353:
4139:
2348:
2343:
1078:
1063:
1031:
922:
tuning using a known scientific basis was achieved. The main partials (or harmonics) of a well-tuned bell are:
2071:
1825:
1683:
trough. The pitch of the sound depends on the size of the wooden trough. The instrument developed from wooden
1474:, using hand-held bells of varying tones. A "ring of bells" is a set of four to twelve or more bells used in
4031:
3615:
2497:
2403:
1463:
913:
The accompanying musical staves show the series of harmonics which are generated when a bell is struck. The
4251:
3109:
4856:
4463:
4358:
4298:
4124:
4109:
4086:
2313:
1393:
in 1497, weighs more than 12,500 kg (13 tons) and is the world's largest medieval free-swinging bell.
1264:
1180:
1173:
1071:
1059:
917:
is notable that it although it is an old bell, it is harmonically tuned, but was not typical of its time.
882:
575:
243:
3314:
2234:. This image shows the hanging wooden beam positioned to strike the outer side of the resonating surface.
4866:
4618:
4378:
4091:
3801:
3605:
3570:
2889:
2267:
1334:
1305:
1016:
547:
394:
174:
96:
31:
4415:
4293:
840:. The founder would bring his casting tools to the site, and a furnace would be built next to the pit.
440:
115:
5034:
4791:
4525:
4343:
4338:
4323:
4256:
4208:
3920:
3482:
3187:
3179:
1899:
1886:
1743:
1412:
1287:
1012:
874:
341:
The earliest archaeological evidence of bells dates from the 3rd millennium BC, and is traced to the
301:
150:
1616:
In more recent times, the top of bells in China was usually decorated with a small dragon, known as
4925:
4905:
4458:
4405:
4154:
4064:
4045:
3729:
3254:
Time and Timekeepers: Including the History, Construction, Care, and Accuracy of Clocks and Watches
2318:
1419:
1297:
736:
567:
485:
322:
3010:
2917:
448:
4920:
4308:
3463:
3444:
3436:
3029:
2461:
2181:
1491:
1455:
1233:
571:
478:
284:
280:
139:
4368:
3694:
2086:
1662:. Several of these metal tubes which are struck manually with hammers, form an instrument named
1579:, depending on where they are struck. The interval between these notes on each bell is either a
3340:
Roads, Curtis, ed. (1992). "The Music Machine: Selected Readings from Computer Music Journal".
1639:
456:
4956:
4546:
4119:
3966:
3641:
3585:
3561:
3538:
3511:
3501:
3486:
3428:
3399:
3389:
3345:
3328:
3318:
3289:
3283:
3262:
3239:
3192:
3173:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3135:
3125:
3087:
3068:
3054:
3019:
2465:
2153:
1670:. In the case of wind or aeolian chimes, the tubes are blown against one another by the wind.
1361:
1250:
1242:
1213:
1169:
1142:
1127:
1048:
821:
602:
579:
262:
3675:
203:
Bells intended to be heard over a wide area can range from a single bell hung in a turret or
4363:
4144:
3704:
3420:
3385:
2297:
2227:
2014:
1990:
1892:
Nordisk Selskap for Campanologi og Klokkespil (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland) -
1386:
1367:
1330:
1322:
1246:
1209:
1150:
947:
801:
762:, and in Europe dates to the 4th or 5th century. The traditional metal for these bells is a
402:
342:
171:
108:
2882:
1560:
621:
4879:
4328:
4283:
4233:
4114:
3709:
3665:
3411:
Rostoker, William; Bronson, Bennet; Dvorak, James (1984). "The Cast-Iron Bells of China".
3041:
1829:
1411:, weighs 106 pounds (48 kg) and bears the inscription "ST. JEAN – 1779". It rests in
1371:
1301:
976:
720:
346:
3611:
1176:
on the 11th of November 2016 and has a height of 3,130 mm, thickness of 273 mm.
177:. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong
357:
site, are dated to about 2000 BC. With the emergence of other kinds of bells during the
4910:
4884:
4556:
4268:
4198:
4169:
4079:
4069:
3978:
3836:
3806:
3722:
3595:
3208:
2328:
2219:
2110:
2050:
1727:
1696:
1625:
1618:
1572:
1515:
1475:
1423:
1401:
1382:
1105:
1043:
951:
thirteenth its diameter. If the bell is mounted as cast, it is called a "maiden bell".
853:
386:
378:
271:
224:
5018:
4841:
4686:
4676:
4481:
4425:
4273:
4263:
4007:
4002:
3988:
3826:
3660:
3448:
3366:
2292:
2287:
1711:. The bell was used to call the workers from the field at the end of the day's work.
1646:
1568:
1559:
bells was found in a near-perfect state of preservation during the excavation of the
1483:
1390:
1349:
1146:
777:
673:
533:
465:
358:
248:
208:
127:
3361:
1576:
5008:
4874:
4666:
4288:
4191:
4184:
4164:
4134:
4074:
3983:
3891:
3781:
3771:
3689:
3637:
2962:
2457:
Why Didn't I Think of That?: 101 Inventions that Changed the World by Hardly Trying
2303:
2262:
1974:
1739:
1659:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1283:
1165:
837:
759:
753:
677:
373:
1776:
The Australian and New Zealand Association of Bellringers (Australia, New Zealand)
968:
3599:
3551:
3476:
3252:
1445:
393:
notes that small gold bells were worn as ornaments on the hem of the robe of the
4930:
4303:
4174:
3995:
3959:
3925:
3915:
3831:
3811:
3796:
3791:
2333:
2323:
1947:
1735:
1730:, it is recorded that each church and possibly several farms had their specific
1714:
1704:
1584:
1580:
1397:
1198:
1112:
914:
809:
631:
bell, which is struck on the outside. Large suspended temple bells are known as
527:
469:
414:
293:
232:
186:
178:
4493:
1438:
1378:, Poland, cast in 1520. It is rung only on very significant national occasions.
4951:
4831:
4821:
4756:
4691:
4203:
4038:
3862:
3786:
3776:
2642:
2338:
1596:
1564:
1471:
1276:
1004:
907:
772:
563:
258:
220:
204:
193:
55:
3632:. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1986. 34 p., ill. with b&w photos.
3432:
3332:
3243:
3139:
1754:
In Scotland, up until the nineteenth century, it was the tradition to ring a
642:
4811:
4776:
4751:
4696:
4681:
4576:
4571:
4551:
4216:
4055:
3973:
3930:
3905:
3884:
3877:
3841:
3557:
3403:
3375:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 687–691.
3266:
2223:
2078:
1755:
1679:
1540:
1534:
1495:
1326:
1316:
1093:
1036:
551:
398:
310:
182:
42:
3942:
3898:
1994:
1375:
1081:(1484) may have been the largest bell ever made. It was lost in a river in
633:
2856:
1130:, Japan. Hung in a freestanding frame, it is rung by hand. It was cast by
4900:
4846:
4771:
4719:
4709:
4661:
4656:
4587:
4541:
4026:
3954:
3935:
3910:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3766:
2308:
2282:
2272:
2212:
2208:
2177:
2169:
2034:
2018:
1932:
1874:
1806:
Lietuvos kampanologų draugija "Societas campanarum Lituaniae" (Lithuania)
1603:
1592:
1467:
1459:
1257:
1190:
1097:
1086:
898:
817:
661:
657:
616:
555:
537:
515:
433:
212:
154:
3700:'Bells in Aragón: a traditional means of communication' thesis (Spanish)
2630:
1758:, a form of handbell, at the death of an individual and at the funeral.
1544:
848:
4796:
4729:
4714:
4671:
4561:
4129:
3440:
2277:
2257:
1719:
1684:
1523:
1293:
1272:
1238:
1217:
1202:
1141:
was the largest functioning swinging bell until 2006. It is located in
972:
672:(IAST: Ghaṇṭā) in Sanskrit, are used in religious ceremonies. See also
653:
559:
354:
223:. Many public or institutional buildings house bells, most commonly as
17:
3467:
1821:
British Carillon Society (Great Britain, Ireland, Northern Ireland) -
1164:
is the largest free-swinging church bell in the world, surpassing the
488:
are swung through just over a complete circle from mouth uppermost. A
330:
122:(Bells: Percussion vessels with the vibration weakest near the vertex)
4806:
4801:
4781:
4766:
4761:
4566:
3949:
3679:
3191:
2215:
2173:
1998:
1610:
1338:
1268:
1194:
1154:
1116:
1101:
781:
763:
667:
612:
197:
146:
41:, "Bell #9801" redirects here. For the memorial with that title, see
3630:
Les Cloches à travers les siècles: provenant du fonds Percival Price
3424:
1089:
in 1608. It is reported to have weighed about 300 tonnes (330 tons).
1879:
Koninklijke Nederlandse Klokkenspel-Vereniging (The Netherlands) -
1822:
808:
The core is built on the base-plate using porous materials such as
638:
296:. It is popularly but not certainly related to the former sense of
4826:
4816:
4786:
4724:
4536:
3710:
Videos of the London Olympic bell being cast, tuned and installed.
3049:
Cubberly, William H. (1989). "Metals". In Bakerjian, Ramon (ed.).
2231:
2105:
2062:
2058:
2054:
1955:
1900:
https://web.archive.org/web/20171101132723/http://www.carillon.pl/
1887:
https://web.archive.org/web/20180911185748/http://www.carillon.lt/
1867:
Guilde des Carillonneurs et Campanologues Suisses (Switzerland) -
1840:
Confraria de Campaners i Carillonistes de Catalunya (Catalonia) -
1731:
1713:
1629:
This copper bell was made by pre-Columbian North American natives.
1624:
1622:; the figure of the dragon served as a hook for hanging the bell.
1527:
1509:
1487:
1437:
1184:
1120:
1082:
1054:
1042:
1030:
992:
984:
967:
847:
785:
740:
693:
609:
596:
455:
447:
439:
418:
390:
350:
329:
321:
242:
2540:
2538:
987:, indicating the hour by the striking of bells. Indeed, the word
4836:
3821:
1951:
1734:
connected to the sound of the specific bells. An example is the
1708:
1700:
1479:
813:
789:
158:
4591:
4497:
3718:
3503:
Suspended Music: Chime-Bells in the Culture of Bronze Age China
3288:. Physics and physical technology. Cambridge University Press.
2799:, p. 685: Cites Schoofs et al., 1987 for major-third bell.
1880:
1873:
Associazione Suonatori di Campane a Sistema Veronese (Italy) -
1862:
1785:(worldwide) - promotes English style full circle change ringing
1835:
1552:
not fully rediscovered and understood until the 20th century.
767:
372:), they were relegated to subservient functions; at Shang and
3234:
Huang, Houming (2002). "Prehistoric Music Culture of China".
1847:
1602:
Another related ancient Chinese musical instrument is called
1587:, equivalent to a distance of four or five notes on a piano.
3070:
The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge
2807:
2805:
3360:
3277:. Vol. III. London: Charles Knight. 1847. p. 126.
3210:
Sanctus Bells: Their History and Use in the Catholic Church
1909:
1810:
1798:
1442:
A bell out of bronze with its principal tone at 1133 Hertz
3626:
Bells through the Ages: from the Percival Price Collection
3122:
Jonathan Harvey : Song offerings and White as jasmine
1868:
1815:
Association Campanaire Wallonne asbl (Belgium/Wallonia) -
1779:
Beratungsausschuss für das Deutsche Glockenwesen (Germany)
30:
This article is about the instrument. For other uses, see
5065:
Percussion instruments used as both pitched and unpitched
2603:
2601:
1816:
1707:
usually had a small bell-tower resting on the top of the
906:
Large bells are generally around 80% copper and 20% tin (
784:. Other materials sometimes used for large bells include
3714:
2756:
2754:
1893:
1575:. Their special shape gives them the ability to produce
1856:
1841:
832:
to bear the weight of metal and to allow even cooling.
265:
3993:
3964:
3940:
3606:
Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
2823:
1478:, a particular method of ringing bells in patterns. A
1300:). Big Ben is the hour bell of the Great Clock in the
1290:, is the largest harmonically-tuned bell in the world.
308:, 'to roar, to make a loud noise') which gave rise to
4992:
3896:
3882:
2592:
2531:(1st ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887
1422:
at Liverpool Cathedral is the heaviest bell hung for
460:
English full-circle bells shown in the "up" position.
219:
which are tuned to a common scale and installed in a
3053:. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
499:
Occasionally the clappers have leather pads (called
4939:
4893:
4865:
4742:
4647:
4638:
4434:
4242:
4102:
4016:
3850:
3752:
138:
126:
114:
102:
95:
2644:Salzburg (Austria) The bells of Salzburg cathedral
1803:Verband Deutscher Glockengießereien e.V. (Germany)
1791:Handbell Ringers of Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1703:for more secular signalling. The greater farms in
1115:is the largest functioning bell. It is located in
3086:. Princes Risborough, England: Shire. p. 8.
2128:from Ireland, 7th-8th Century AD (British Museum)
1613:qìng) but it was made of stone instead of metal.
1172:. Weighing more than 25 tons, it was cast by the
680:and is rung at the moment one enters the temple.
601:Wind-powered bell under temple eaves,. Banna-ji.
60:Parts of a typical tower bell hung for swinging:
2580:
2568:
2544:
2376:, p. 615 notes the strike note shown on C.
1908:Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging (Belgium/Flanders) -
1797:Associazione Italiana di Campanologia (Italy) -
1352:bell of great historic significance, located in
929:strike tone (also called tap note or named note)
3456:Starmer, W. W. (1902). "Bells and Bell Tones".
3202:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). pp. 536–539.
2796:
2784:
2380:appears to be the first to propose this tuning.
2373:
824:are applied to form the final, smooth surface.
415:Church bell § Design and ringing technique
287:
3419:(4). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 750.
1898:Polskie Stowarzyszenie Carillonowe (Poland) -
1861:Guilde des Carillonneurs de France (France) -
1846:Deutsche Glockenspiel Vereinigung (Germany) -
1695:Whereas the church and temple bells called to
1539:The ancient Chinese bronze chime bells called
4603:
4509:
4036:
3730:
3582:"And round me rings": bell tales and folklore
2941:
2631:National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge 1874
2033:Bronze jingyun bell cast in the year 711 AD,
8:
4189:
3556:London: Paul, Trech, Trubner. [re-issued by
3275:The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge
3124:. Farnham, England: Burlington, VT Ashgate.
1834:Carillon Society of Australia (Australia) -
1222:
1019:which popularized it as the measure used by
692:Japanese temple bell of the Ryōanji Temple,
48:
3478:Man on the Rim: The Peopling of the Pacific
1885:Lithuanian Carillonist Guild (Lithuania) -
1853:The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America
1771:The American Bell Association International
274:
207:, to a musical ensemble such as an English
4644:
4610:
4596:
4588:
4516:
4502:
4494:
3737:
3723:
3715:
3575:Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869.
2811:
1794:Société Française de Campanologie (France)
1638:Konguro'o is a small bell which, like the
1015:," a sixteen-note pattern named after the
800:Small bells were originally made with the
3175:Grove's dictionary of music and musicians
3051:Tool and manufacturing engineers handbook
2401:Examples of carillons can be found here:
1699:or religious service, bells were used on
1687:that shepherds would tie to cows' necks.
1304:(formerly called the Clock Tower) at the
1256:Maria Dolens, the bell for the Fallen in
1085:after being removed from a temple by the
926:hum note (an octave below the named note)
326:Chinese bronze bell, 18th-16th century BC
4947:Classification of percussion instruments
3705:Animation of English Full-circle ringing
3669:) is being considered for deletion. See
3216:, San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium,
3172:Fuller-Maitland, John Alexander (1910).
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
1555:In 1978 a complete ceremonial set of 65
828:supported, usually by being buried in a
619:bells are used in religious ceremonies.
377:bell was manufactured in 1079, found in
4999:
2975:
2869:
2835:
2760:
2659:
2607:
2434:
2366:
2253:American Bell Association International
2180:Buddhist temple up Hei-zan Mountain. –
2168:The bell as depicted in fine art: This
1921:
1470:, or ensembles of bell-players, called
932:tierce (a minor third above named note)
758:The process of casting bells is called
682:
649:Bells in Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism
4632:List of percussion instruments by type
3459:Proceedings of the Musical Association
3037:
3027:
2772:
2697:
2510:
2483:
2481:
1875:https://www.campanesistemaveronese.it/
1783:Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
1232:
473:an internal clapper against the bell.
181:, with its sides forming an efficient
47:
4449:Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg
3695:Bell recordings of the Basque Country
3577:Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.
2571:, pp. 132, 329, 342, Appendix I.
2556:
2389:
1773:(United States with foreign chapters)
7:
4443:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
3147:Fletcher, N.H.; Rossing, T. (2008).
2987:
2441:
1905:Russian Carillon Foundation (Russia)
1762:Bell study and ringing organisations
938:nominal (an octave above named note)
3685:What Do Bells Symbolize Spiritually
2673:"Why do Hindus ring bell in temple"
2593:Rostoker, Bronson & Dvorak 1984
1205:and the fifth largest in the world.
780:for the finest Turkish and Chinese
676:. A bell hangs at the gate of many
509:Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales
3150:The Physics of Musical Instruments
3075:Encyclopedia Americana Corporation
2955:"Bronze Chime Bells of Marquis Yi"
2679:from the original on 12 March 2015
1855:(Canada, Mexico, United States) -
1123:, and weighs 90 tonnes (100 tons).
436:-operated hammers in a bell-gable.
279:but not appearing among the other
25:
3673:to help reach a consensus. ›
3382:Science of percussion instruments
3285:Science and Civilisation in China
3018:Beach, F.C.; Rines, G.E. (1907).
1418:The tenor (heaviest bell) of the
227:to sound the hours and quarters.
5002:
4977:List of vibraphone manufacturers
3475:Thorne, A.; Raymond, R. (1989).
3251:Milham, Willis Isbister (1944).
3236:Cultural Relics of Central China
2196:
2161:
2145:
2133:
2118:
2097:
2085:
2070:
2042:
2026:
2006:
1993:(Sigismund) Bell (from 1520) in
1982:
1963:
1940:
1924:
1823:https://www.britishcarillons.org
1522:(钲) bell from Baoshan 2 Tomb in
1443:
1348:is a 2,080 pounds (940 kg)
1286:, commissioned and cast for the
935:quint (a fifth above named note)
862:
728:
712:
707:"Bell house at Shimoda" in Japan
700:
685:
558:, small hand-held bells, called
54:
5045:European percussion instruments
3311:Cloches de France et d'ailleurs
3223:from the original on 2011-06-04
3101:Douglas, Marietta (June 2002).
2899:from the original on 2010-11-30
2049:Chinese bells from the ancient
983:Bells are also associated with
901:, the hum tone an octave below.
852:The principal harmonics of the
735:Bell of Taleju Bhawani temple (
468:, the common form of bell is a
335:Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng
116:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
4628:List of percussion instruments
3601:Annales des empereurs du Japon
3508:University of California Press
2454:Rubino, Anthony (2010-03-18).
2207:(三井寺の晩鐘), the evening bell at
1260:(Italy) weighs 22.6 tons.
1183:is the largest extant bell in
873:Spectrum of the tenor bell of
1:
4982:List of timpani manufacturers
4972:List of marimba manufacturers
4475:Freedom Bell, American Legion
4051:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
3535:Fadul's Encyclopedia of Bells
3500:von Falkenhausen, L. (1994).
3384:. Singapore River Edge, N.J:
2246:Index of campanology articles
2185:
2104:A bell in Chang Chun Temple,
1658:A variant on the bell is the
812:or brick and then covered in
587:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
362:
5025:Asian percussion instruments
4962:List of cymbal manufacturers
4454:Liberty Bell Memorial Museum
4180:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
3207:Herrera, Matthew D. (2004),
1889:last archived on 11 Sep 2018
1881:https://www.klokkenspel.org/
1863:http://www.carillonneurs.fr/
1434:Usage as musical instruments
1162:People's Salvation Cathedral
192:Bells are usually cast from
4389:Saarlouiser Glockengießerei
3994:
3965:
3941:
3897:
3883:
3005:Adamson, Archibald (1875).
2824:Encyclopedia Americana 1918
2797:Fletcher & Rossing 2008
2176:carrying the giant bell of
1902:last archived on 1 Nov 2017
1836:http://www.carillon.org.au/
1722:'Dead or Deid bell' of 1642
1577:two different musical tones
1201:is the most famous bell in
1039:with humans for perspective
1003:. Bells in clock towers or
5081:
5060:Kyrgyz musical instruments
5055:Idiophones struck directly
4967:List of drum manufacturers
4916:Indoor percussion ensemble
4314:Pieter and François Hemony
2243:
1848:https://glockenspieler.de/
1532:
1370:is a 12 tonne bell in the
1325:is the bell that hangs in
1069:
979:of the British parliament.
919:Pieter and François Hemony
751:
593:Bells in Japanese religion
574:), or, in the alternative
525:
412:
292:which was a loanword from
134:From very high to very low
62:1. Bell yoke or headstock,
36:
29:
4705:
4625:
4532:
4150:Ivan the Great Bell Tower
3624:Willis, Stephen Charles.
3359:Ross, Hugh Munro (1911).
3082:Jennings, Trevor (1988).
2942:Thorne & Raymond 1989
2529:Oxford English Dictionary
2494:Oxford English Dictionary
2412:Université Paris-Sorbonne
1931:Temple bell and clapper.
1645:To make this instrument,
1288:2012 London Olympic Games
776:, this alloy is also the
172:directly struck idiophone
145:
133:
53:
4384:John and William Rufford
4140:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
3671:templates for discussion
3584:. Toronto: Tundra, 2003
3573:, Richard A. B. (1956).
3380:Rossing, Thomas (2000).
3120:Downes, Michael (2009).
3007:Rambles Round Kilmarnock
2496:(1st ed.), Oxford:
2349:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
2344:Veronese bellringing art
2319:John Taylor Bellfounders
1910:https://www.beiaard.org/
1811:https://www.carillon.org
1799:http://campanologia.org/
1360:. It previously hung in
1263:The South West tower of
1230:Colognian pronunciation:
1160:The largest Bell of the
1079:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
1064:Gyeongju National Museum
257:is a word common to the
3462:. 28th Session: 25–44.
3372:Encyclopædia Britannica
3199:Encyclopædia Britannica
2498:Oxford University Press
1869:http://www.campanae.ch/
1500:For Whom the Bell Tolls
1454:Some bells are used as
1223:
522:Church and temple bells
432:Static bells struck by
305:
266:
261:dialects, cognate with
4619:Percussion instruments
4464:National Bell Festival
4294:Gillett & Johnston
4190:
4125:Bell of King Seongdeok
4110:List of heaviest bells
4087:Bolognese bell ringing
4037:
3787:Bell tower / Campanile
3413:Technology and Culture
3342:Computer Music Journal
2812:Beach & Rines 1907
2314:National Bell Festival
1817:http://www.campano.be/
1723:
1630:
1530:
1451:
1389:, Germany was cast by
1181:Bell of King Seongdeok
1174:Grassmayr Bell Foundry
1149:, and was cast by the
1072:List of heaviest bells
1067:
1060:Bell of King Seongdeok
1052:
1040:
980:
857:
606:
461:
453:
445:
437:
338:
327:
288:
275:
251:
4867:Electronic percussion
4526:percussion idiophones
4469:Ringing organizations
4092:Veronese bell ringing
3483:Angus & Robertson
3188:Haweis, Hugh Reginald
3103:"What is a Carillon?"
2890:National Park Service
2581:von Falkenhausen 1994
2569:von Falkenhausen 1994
2545:von Falkenhausen 1994
2268:Bermuda carriage bell
2244:Further information:
1894:https://www.nsck.org/
1717:
1628:
1513:
1506:Ancient Chinese bells
1441:
1306:Palace of Westminster
1234:[ˌdekəˈpitˑɐ]
1104:, Russia, inside the
1058:
1051:with person for scale
1046:
1034:
1017:Palace of Westminster
971:
851:
600:
548:Roman Catholic Church
459:
451:
443:
431:
353:site and four in the
333:
325:
246:
175:percussion instrument
97:Percussion instrument
32:Bell (disambiguation)
27:Percussion instrument
4894:Percussion groupings
4744:Unpitched percussion
4359:Glockengießerei Otto
4324:Franciscus Illenfeld
3617:Nipon o daï itsi ran
3537:. 2015. Lulu Press.
3313:(in French). Paris:
3282:Needham, J. (1962).
2785:Fuller-Maitland 1910
2374:Fuller-Maitland 1910
2300:, used to tune bells
2203:This bell is called
1857:https://www.gcna.org
1842:http://campanes.cat/
1744:The Bells of Rhymney
1098:Motorin Bellfounders
1013:Westminster Quarters
875:Winchester Cathedral
550:and among some High
4926:Percussion ensemble
4906:Marching percussion
4649:Keyboard percussion
4459:Liberty Bell Museum
4369:Petit & Fritsen
4155:Japanese Peace Bell
4065:Full circle ringing
4046:Ellacombe apparatus
3553:A History of Japan.
3315:Le Temps apprivoise
2990:, pp. 229–230.
2944:, pp. 166–167.
2922:Sacred destinations
2700:, pp. 313–318.
2444:, pp. 687–691.
2057:Provincial Museum,
1456:musical instruments
1424:full-circle ringing
1420:change-ringing peal
1298:Liverpool Cathedral
1265:St Paul's Cathedral
1249:swing around their
964:Use in clock chimes
897:The strike tone is
737:Patan Durbar Square
486:full circle ringing
140:Related instruments
50:
5040:Chinese inventions
5030:Bells (percussion)
4921:Percussion section
4640:Pitched percussion
4319:Christopher Hodson
3612:Siyun-sai Rin-siyo
2918:"Erfurt Cathedral"
2883:"The Liberty Bell"
2849:"Major third bell"
2675:. 6 January 2014.
2462:Simon and Schuster
2408:Musiconis Database
2205:Mii-dera no Bansho
2182:Chikanobu Toyohara
2126:St Cuileain's Bell
1828:2021-03-06 at the
1724:
1631:
1531:
1452:
1068:
1053:
1041:
981:
891:Play approximation
858:
607:
572:transubstantiation
479:Salzburg Cathedral
462:
454:
446:
438:
339:
328:
281:Germanic languages
252:
4990:
4989:
4957:Percussion mallet
4738:
4737:
4585:
4584:
4491:
4490:
4222:World Peace Bells
4120:Bell of Good Luck
3566:978-0-415-15416-1
3550:, James. (1903).
3543:978-131-260-110-9
3517:978-0-520-91107-9
3492:978-0-207-16246-6
3395:978-981-02-4158-2
3351:978-0-262-68078-3
3295:978-0-521-05802-5
3164:978-0-387-98374-5
3155:Springer New York
3131:978-0-7546-6022-4
3060:978-0-87263-351-3
2736:, pp. 3, 10.
2712:, pp. 15–38.
2559:, pp. 20–27.
2471:978-1-4405-0698-7
2298:Electronic tuners
2108:, hanging on its
1591:play melodies in
1448:
1413:Lloyd's of London
1362:Independence Hall
1251:center of gravity
1243:Cologne Cathedral
1170:Cologne Cathedral
1049:Cologne Cathedral
778:traditional alloy
603:Ashikaga, Tochigi
580:consubstantiation
429:
409:Styles of ringing
263:Middle Low German
247:13th c. BC bell,
164:
163:
39:technical reasons
16:(Redirected from
5072:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4998:
4645:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4495:
4402:
4260:
4195:
4042:
3999:
3970:
3946:
3902:
3888:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3716:
3621:
3609:
3560:, London, 1996.
3521:
3496:
3471:
3452:
3407:
3386:World Scientific
3376:
3364:
3355:
3336:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3278:
3270:
3247:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3203:
3195:
3183:
3168:
3143:
3116:
3114:
3108:. Archived from
3107:
3097:
3078:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3014:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2961:. Archived from
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2855:. Archived from
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2371:
2228:Shiga Prefecture
2222:, which is near
2200:
2190:
2187:
2165:
2149:
2137:
2122:
2101:
2089:
2074:
2046:
2030:
2015:World Peace Bell
2010:
1986:
1967:
1944:
1928:
1450:
1449:
1387:Erfurt Cathedral
1331:Christopher Wren
1308:, the Houses of
1247:World Peace Bell
1237:), is a bell in
1236:
1231:
1226:
1210:St. Petersglocke
1139:World Peace Bell
955:Major third bell
896:
895:
894:
892:
866:
802:lost wax process
732:
716:
704:
689:
430:
371:
367:
364:
343:Yangshao culture
291:
278:
269:
109:Struck idiophone
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
58:
51:
21:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5050:Hand percussion
5015:
5014:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4993:
4991:
4986:
4935:
4889:
4880:Electronic drum
4861:
4734:
4701:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4616:
4586:
4581:
4528:
4522:
4492:
4487:
4430:
4396:
4284:Kashpir Ganusov
4279:Royal Eijsbouts
4254:
4244:
4238:
4234:Yongle Big Bell
4115:Balangiga bells
4098:
4012:
3846:
3754:
3753:Background and
3748:
3743:
3674:
3655:
3650:
3610:
3596:Titsingh, Isaac
3594:
3533:Fadul, Jose A.
3529:
3527:Further reading
3524:
3518:
3499:
3493:
3474:
3455:
3425:10.2307/3104621
3410:
3396:
3379:
3358:
3352:
3339:
3325:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3273:
3250:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3186:
3171:
3165:
3146:
3132:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3081:
3073:. Vol. 3.
3067:
3061:
3048:
3036:
3026:
3017:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2620:Exodus 28:33–34
2618:
2614:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2536:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2201:
2192:
2188:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2102:
2093:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2047:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2011:
2002:
1987:
1978:
1968:
1959:
1945:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1830:Wayback Machine
1764:
1752:
1693:
1676:
1656:
1636:
1633:
1537:
1508:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1404:of the wrecked
1372:Wawel Cathedral
1302:Elizabeth Tower
1229:
1224:dä Dicke Pitter
1151:Paccard Foundry
1074:
1029:
991:comes from the
977:Elizabeth Tower
966:
957:
904:
903:
902:
890:
888:
887:
886:
879:Jonathan Harvey
877:as analyzed by
872:
867:
846:
798:
756:
750:
743:
733:
724:
719:Buddhist bell,
717:
708:
705:
696:
690:
651:
595:
530:
524:
484:Bells hung for
419:
417:
411:
369:
365:
347:Neolithic China
337:, dated 433 BC.
320:
241:
121:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5078:
5076:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Front ensemble
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Bock-a-da-bock
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4374:Richard Phelps
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Andrey Chokhov
4266:
4261:
4248:
4246:
4243:Bell founders
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4199:Sigismund Bell
4196:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Maria Gloriosa
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4080:Method ringing
4077:
4070:Change ringing
4062:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4043:
4034:
4029:
4020:
4018:
4017:Ringing styles
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3894:
3889:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3837:Striking clock
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3658:
3654:
3653:External links
3651:
3649:
3648:
3622:
3592:
3578:
3568:
3545:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3516:
3497:
3491:
3472:
3453:
3408:
3394:
3377:
3367:Chisholm, Hugh
3356:
3350:
3337:
3323:
3306:
3294:
3279:
3271:
3248:
3231:
3204:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3144:
3130:
3117:
3115:on 2016-05-04.
3098:
3092:
3079:
3065:
3059:
3046:
3015:
3009:. Kilmarnock:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2978:, p. 189.
2968:
2965:on 2011-02-03.
2959:Cultural China
2946:
2934:
2909:
2874:
2872:, p. 139.
2862:
2859:on 2007-10-18.
2840:
2828:
2826:, p. 477.
2816:
2814:, p. 602.
2801:
2789:
2787:, p. 615.
2777:
2765:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2664:
2652:
2635:
2623:
2612:
2610:, p. 195.
2597:
2595:, p. 750.
2585:
2583:, p. 134.
2573:
2561:
2549:
2547:, p. 132.
2534:
2515:
2513:, p. 536.
2503:
2477:
2470:
2446:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2394:
2382:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2051:Warring States
2048:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2012:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1950:weighs 55,555
1946:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1819:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1763:
1760:
1751:
1748:
1728:folk tradition
1692:
1689:
1675:
1672:
1655:
1652:
1635:
1632:
1573:Warring States
1533:Main article:
1516:Warring States
1507:
1504:
1476:change ringing
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1394:
1383:Maria Gloriosa
1379:
1365:
1342:
1320:
1313:
1291:
1280:
1261:
1254:
1228:("fat Peter",
1206:
1188:
1177:
1158:
1135:
1124:
1109:
1090:
1047:Petersglocke,
1028:
1025:
965:
962:
956:
953:
940:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
869:
868:
861:
860:
859:
845:
842:
797:
794:
752:Main article:
749:
746:
745:
744:
734:
727:
725:
718:
711:
709:
706:
699:
697:
691:
684:
664:bells, called
650:
647:
594:
591:
526:Main article:
523:
520:
410:
407:
403:ancient Greeks
387:book of Exodus
379:Hubei Province
370: 1050 BC
319:
316:
240:
237:
162:
161:
143:
142:
136:
135:
131:
130:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
106:
104:Classification
100:
99:
93:
92:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5077:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4996:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Temple blocks
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Tubular bells
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Tubular bells
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4484:
4483:
4482:All the Bells
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4426:Geert van Wou
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Bilbie family
4262:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:and foundries
4241:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:Notable bells
4101:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4008:Tubular bells
4006:
4004:
4003:Tintinnabulum
4001:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3989:Standing bell
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:Ring of bells
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3646:0-662-54295-9
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:0-88776-597-1
3587:
3583:
3580:Spencer, Ann
3579:
3576:
3572:
3571:Ponsonby-Fane
3569:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3324:2-283-58158-3
3320:
3316:
3312:
3309:Rama (1993).
3307:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3219:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3093:0-85263-911-2
3089:
3085:
3084:Bell Founding
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2775:, p. 22.
2774:
2769:
2766:
2763:, p. 32.
2762:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:, p. 11.
2747:
2746:Jennings 1988
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:Jennings 1988
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:Jennings 1988
2718:
2715:
2711:
2710:Cubberly 1989
2706:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2428:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Electric bell
2291:
2289:
2288:Division bell
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:tubular bells
1661:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:, one of the
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1486:, such as in
1485:
1484:popular music
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1391:Geert van Wou
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:Christ Church
1332:
1329:(designed by
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1214:local dialect
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:United States
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1066:, South Korea
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1027:Notable bells
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
978:
974:
970:
963:
961:
954:
952:
949:
948:strobe tuners
943:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
916:
911:
909:
900:
893:
884:
880:
876:
871:
865:
855:
850:
843:
841:
839:
833:
831:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
803:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
766:of about 23%
765:
761:
755:
747:
742:
738:
731:
726:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
695:
688:
683:
681:
679:
678:Hindu temples
675:
674:singing bowls
671:
669:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
614:
611:
604:
599:
592:
590:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:sacring bells
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
541:
539:
535:
534:Eastern world
529:
521:
519:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
474:
471:
467:
466:western world
458:
450:
442:
435:
416:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
382:
380:
375:
360:
359:Shang dynasty
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
332:
324:
317:
315:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
286:
282:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
250:
249:Shang dynasty
245:
238:
236:
234:
228:
226:
222:
218:
215:or a Russian
214:
210:
209:ring of bells
206:
201:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
132:
129:
128:Playing range
125:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
94:
89:10. bead line
77:6. sound bow,
57:
52:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4875:Drum machine
4667:Glockenspiel
4480:
4473:
4441:
4289:Vanden Gheyn
4209:
4192:Petersglocke
4185:Olympic Bell
4165:Liberty Bell
4160:Justice Bell
4135:Freedom Bell
4075:Call changes
3984:Servant bell
3892:Bicycle bell
3782:Bell pattern
3772:Bellfounding
3761:
3745:
3664:
3638:Carillonneur
3633:
3629:
3625:
3616:
3600:
3581:
3574:
3552:
3534:
3502:
3477:
3457:
3416:
3412:
3381:
3370:
3362:"Bell"
3341:
3310:
3299:. Retrieved
3284:
3274:
3257:. New York:
3253:
3238:(3): 18–27.
3235:
3225:, retrieved
3209:
3197:
3193:"Bell"
3174:
3149:
3121:
3110:the original
3083:
3069:
3050:
3020:
3011:T. Stevenson
3006:
2983:
2976:Adamson 1875
2971:
2963:the original
2958:
2949:
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2921:
2912:
2901:. Retrieved
2877:
2870:Rossing 2000
2865:
2857:the original
2853:Andrelehr.nl
2852:
2843:
2836:Douglas 2002
2831:
2819:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2761:Starmer 1902
2741:
2729:
2724:, p. 8.
2717:
2705:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2667:
2660:Herrera 2004
2655:
2638:
2626:
2615:
2608:Needham 1962
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2506:
2493:
2489:
2456:
2449:
2437:
2415:. Retrieved
2407:
2397:
2385:
2369:
2304:Glockenspiel
2263:Bicycle bell
2204:
2109:
2077:St. Ulrich,
1975:Liberty Bell
1971:Philadelphia
1765:
1753:
1740:Idris Davies
1725:
1694:
1677:
1667:
1663:
1660:tubular bell
1657:
1644:
1637:
1617:
1615:
1601:
1589:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1545:zhong / zeng
1538:
1519:
1453:
1429:
1407:
1358:Pennsylvania
1354:Philadelphia
1346:Liberty Bell
1284:Olympic Bell
1221:
1220:also called
1166:Petersglocke
1145:, Kentucky,
1009:
1000:
996:
988:
982:
958:
944:
941:
912:
905:
838:foundry sand
834:
829:
826:
807:
799:
771:
760:bellfounding
757:
754:Bellfounding
748:Bellfounding
665:
652:
637:. (See also
632:
626:
620:
608:
584:
545:
542:
531:
513:
505:half-muffles
504:
500:
498:
494:
489:
483:
475:
463:
401:. Among the
383:
340:
309:
297:
254:
253:
229:
202:
191:
167:
165:
71:4. shoulder,
5035:Campanology
4931:Drum circle
4421:Whitechapel
4397: [
4354:Olsen Nauen
4349:John Murphy
4304:Miles Graye
4255: [
4210:Temple Bell
4175:Mingun Bell
3979:Ship's bell
3960:Jingle bell
3926:Crotal bell
3916:Church bell
3832:Strike tone
3812:Campanology
3797:Bell shrine
3792:Bell-ringer
3755:terminology
3690:Tower Bells
3659:‹ The
3038:|work=
2773:Downes 2009
2698:Milham 1944
2511:Haweis 1878
2329:Ship's bell
2324:School bell
2189: 1890
2152:Fire Bell,
2092:Yongle Bell
1948:Mingun Bell
1736:Pete Seeger
1705:Scandinavia
1585:minor third
1567:, ruler of
1492:Hells Bells
1472:bell choirs
1402:ship's bell
1398:Lutine Bell
1199:Stephansdom
1113:Mingun Bell
1005:bell towers
915:Erfurt bell
854:Erfurt bell
844:Bell tuning
830:casting pit
770:. Known as
576:Reformation
528:Church bell
470:church bell
395:high priest
366: 1600
302:Old English
294:Old English
283:except the
233:campanology
225:clock bells
196:(a type of
187:jingle bell
179:strike tone
86:9. clapper,
5019:Categories
4952:Drum stick
4857:Wood block
4832:Tambourine
4822:Snare drum
4692:Vibraphone
4411:Hugh Watts
4204:Swan Bells
3863:Altar bell
3777:Bell-gable
3301:2021-10-20
3227:2011-09-26
2927:19 October
2903:2010-08-11
2557:Huang 2002
2417:2021-10-05
2404:"Carillon"
2390:Roads 1992
2356:References
2339:Train bell
2156:, Arizona.
1691:Farm bells
1597:pentatonic
1565:Marquis Yi
1462:, (clock)
1458:, such as
1310:Parliament
1277:Great Paul
1111:The Great
1087:Portuguese
1070:See also:
999:, meaning
908:bell metal
773:bell metal
413:See also:
368: – c.
259:Low German
221:bell tower
205:bell-gable
194:bell metal
65:2. canons,
4812:Mark tree
4777:Castanets
4752:Bass drum
4697:Xylophone
4682:Tubaphone
4577:Kulintang
4572:Gandingan
4552:Bell tree
4394:Schilling
4334:Marinelli
4299:Grassmayr
4252:Bergholtz
4217:Tsar Bell
4145:Great Tom
4056:Blagovest
3974:Mini-ring
3931:Dead bell
3906:Call bell
3885:Bianzhong
3878:Bell tree
3842:Zvonnitsa
3604:. Paris:
3558:Routledge
3449:112143315
3433:0040-165X
3333:414929215
3259:Macmillan
3244:1003-1731
3180:Macmillan
3140:319321762
3040:ignored (
3030:cite book
2988:Rama 1993
2442:Ross 1911
2429:Citations
2224:Lake Biwa
2079:Memmingen
1756:dead bell
1750:Dead bell
1680:skrabalai
1674:Skrabalai
1640:Djalaajyn
1634:Konguro'o
1541:bianzhong
1535:Bianzhong
1496:Metallica
1460:carillons
1400:, is the
1368:Sigismund
1327:Tom Tower
1323:Great Tom
1317:Dom Tower
1275:, houses
1212:, in the
1132:Eijsbouts
1094:Tsar Bell
1037:Tsar Bell
613:Shintoist
568:Elevation
556:Anglicans
552:Lutherans
511:in 1997.
399:Jerusalem
285:Icelandic
239:Etymology
183:resonator
83:8. mouth,
74:5. waist,
68:3. crown,
43:Bell 9801
4901:Drum kit
4852:Triangle
4847:Timbales
4720:Steelpan
4710:Handbell
4662:Crotales
4657:Carillon
4542:Babendil
4227:Kentucky
4212:(Boston)
4027:Carillon
4023:Chiming
3955:Handbell
3936:Doorbell
3911:Cat bell
3873:Babendil
3868:Aluphone
3767:Bell-cot
3661:template
3614:(1652).
3598:(1834).
3404:45679450
3267:23271006
3218:archived
3190:(1878).
2894:Archived
2677:Archived
2309:Handbell
2283:Doorbell
2273:Cat bell
2240:See also
2213:Buddhist
2209:Mii-dera
2178:Mii-dera
2172:depicts
2170:triptych
2154:Glendale
2019:Kentucky
1954:, or 90
1935:. Japan.
1933:Banna-ji
1826:Archived
1685:cowbells
1599:scales.
1593:diatonic
1350:American
1258:Rovereto
1191:Pummerin
1134:in 2006.
899:middle C
818:Graphite
721:Rewalsar
662:Buddhist
617:Buddhist
610:Japanese
540:below.)
538:Mii-dera
516:carillon
434:solenoid
213:carillon
155:handbell
4885:Octapad
4837:Tam-tam
4807:Maracas
4797:Cymbals
4792:Cowbell
4757:Bodhrán
4730:Timpani
4715:Handpan
4672:Marimba
4562:Cowbell
4524:Vessel
4435:Related
4379:Rudhall
4364:Paccard
4344:Meneely
4339:McShane
4329:Juutila
4130:Big Ben
4039:Canpanò
3921:Cowbell
3807:Bourdon
3663:below (
3548:Murdoch
3441:3104621
3369:(ed.).
3077:. 1918.
2998:Sources
2683:4 March
2649:YouTube
2523:"bell,
2488:"bell,
2278:Cowbell
2258:Bellhop
1991:Zygmunt
1918:Gallery
1720:Glasgow
1524:Jingmen
1294:Big Ben
1273:England
1239:Germany
1218:Cologne
1203:Austria
1143:Newport
1128:Gotenba
1106:Kremlin
1096:by the
1021:Big Ben
975:in the
973:Big Ben
822:whiting
796:Casting
782:cymbals
723:, India
560:Sanctus
546:In the
532:In the
501:muffles
464:In the
389:in the
355:Erlitou
318:History
298:to bell
151:cowbell
120:111.242
80:7. lip,
18:Campane
4995:Portal
4802:Djembe
4782:Claves
4767:Cabasa
4762:Bongos
4567:Cymbal
4416:Warner
4406:Taylor
4274:Cockey
3950:Ghanta
3943:Dōtaku
3899:Bonshō
3802:Belfry
3680:Curlie
3666:Curlie
3644:
3588:
3564:
3541:
3514:
3489:
3468:765451
3466:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3402:
3392:
3348:
3331:
3321:
3292:
3265:
3242:
3161:
3138:
3128:
3090:
3057:
2500:, 1887
2468:
2378:Hemony
2216:temple
2174:Benkei
1999:Poland
1995:Kraków
1956:tonnes
1742:song "
1732:rhymes
1668:chimes
1654:Chimes
1647:Kyrgyz
1611:pinyin
1494:" and
1464:chimes
1408:Lutine
1376:Kraków
1339:Oxford
1269:London
1195:Vienna
1155:France
1117:Mingun
1102:Moscow
985:clocks
881:using
764:bronze
668:Ghanta
634:bonshō
311:bellow
306:bellan
289:bjalla
198:bronze
147:Chimes
5009:Music
4940:Other
4827:Taiko
4817:Parai
4787:Conga
4772:Cajón
4725:Tabla
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3858:Agogô
3851:Types
3816:index
3746:Bells
3676:Bells
3464:JSTOR
3445:S2CID
3437:JSTOR
3365:. In
3221:(PDF)
3214:(PDF)
3113:(PDF)
3106:(PDF)
2897:(PDF)
2886:(PDF)
2361:Notes
2232:Japan
2111:pulao
2106:Wuhan
2063:China
2059:Wuhan
2055:Hubei
2035:Xi'an
1701:farms
1619:pulao
1581:major
1557:Zhong
1549:Zhong
1528:Hubei
1520:zheng
1518:-era
1488:AC/DC
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1185:Korea
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1083:Burma
997:Cloca
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741:Nepal
694:Kyoto
658:Hindu
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622:Suzui
391:Bible
351:Taosi
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3642:ISBN
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3487:ISBN
3429:ISSN
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3159:ISBN
3136:OCLC
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2929:2019
2685:2015
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