35:
60:
960:, a large fortune at the time. The disadvantage of these uncertainties might not be confined to the purchaser because he was free to condition the purchased office on the life of another designated person, named the "intestatary". The purchaser was also permitted to substitute a different intestatary if this substitution was expressed 40 days before the death of the immediately preceding intestatary.
2397:
692:
1578:. These rules were usually divided into 3 classes: rules of direction or expedition that regarded the expedition of papal bulls; beneficial or reservatory rules that regarded benefices and reservations; and judicial rules that regarded specific prescriptions for judicial matters, especially appeals. The rules of the
933:
were of minor importance and therefore did not require special competence were sold with a grant of the right of succession to the heirs of the purchaser. Offices that entailed grave obligations and for which only pious and learned men were eligible were sold without this right and therefore reverted
1343:
that had the fixed grade of "titular" (a church over which a cardinal of the order of priests was placed) or "deaconry" (a church over which was placed a cardinal-deacon). The
Basilica, on the contrary, became a titular for a Chancellor of the order of priests and a deaconry for one of the order of
1534:
of 8 December 1910 approved the new formulae and ordered them to be used exclusively after 1 January 1911. The
College of the Abbreviators of the greater presidency having been suppressed and the abbreviators of the lesser presidency having become extinct in fact, the apostolic prothonotaries in
1204:") if he were. The rationale for the titular customs of the Dataria was that the office of Datary was not in essence cardinalatial but rather of minor dignity; wherefore it was improper to entitle a cardinal with "Datary". The same custom still obtains in the case of an
909:
was often compelled to defend the Church by waging war, equipping martial expeditions, or at least financially assisting the princes who waged such wars at his exhortation, but the Papal treasury was often insufficient to defray even the expenses of the
1550:. This mediaeval mode of dating remained peculiar to papal bulls, and over time caused much confusion. Pius X ordered that in the future these documents had to be dated according to the secular calendar year that begins on 1 January.
158:
608:
1594:
were restored to validity on the day after the election of the succeeding pope. The commission of cardinals responsible for the reformation of the formulae of papal bulls was responsible also for revising the rules of the
849:
required that he have in his service officials to write and transmit his answers to the numerous petitions for favours and consultations addressed to him. Throughout its duration the office was reformed numerous times.
942:, therefore, was formed, its uncertainties being the amount of the income of the office and the length of the life of the purchaser. The prices of the offices, especially of the more desirable ones, were considerable:
1331:
assigned this palace as the perpetual residence of the Vice
Chancellor, he provided that the Vice Chancellor should always have the title of the Basilica; as the Chancellors were not always of the same order in the
1224:
be titled "Chancellor", which was proper because the office had been occupied for centuries by cardinals. For the rest, the office in question was always regarded as one of the most dignified and important of the
1570:. In many cases the pope merely confirmed the provisions of his predecessor, but in others added or suppressed provisions. The result was an ancient collection of rules in force, and this mode of governing the
131:
2315:
1390:
in 1378, Prignano was elected pope, and he appointed a successor to himself in the office of regent, which was thereafter maintained, even when the vice chancellor re-established his residence in Rome.
613:
1180:
provided many ingenious reasons why that dignitary did not have the more obvious title of "Chancellor". The
Italian jurist Giovanni Battista Cardinal De Luca regarded these explanations as senseless (
571:
417:
312:
1435:
offices (see above) had a right to receive taxes. Thus papal bulls concerning the government of the Roman
Catholic Church, being exempt from all taxation, were said to be issued by way of the
678:
2620:
1120:, as it had been since 5 July 1532. However, the chancellor retained little of his former authority. He acted as notary of the cardinalatial consistories and directed the office of the
1513:
as merely an issuing office. "Sapienti
Consilio" further provided that the ancient formulae of papal bulls be modified, and a commission of cardinals consisting of the chancellor, the
623:
1116:. Thus Pius X restored the title of "Chancellor of Holy Roman Church" from the previous "Vice Chancellor" (see section below). The cardinalatial title of the chancellor remained the
561:
393:
280:
1184:) and proposed an explanation of his own, without insisting on its correctness: it was probable that the title of "Vice Chancellor" arose in the same way as the title of "
197:
104:
1459:, and relatives of cardinals, and were signed by the vice chancellor, also exempt from taxation; finally, the bulls of which the expedition was said to be by way of the
173:
2625:
185:
2615:
618:
528:
2310:
720:
2552:
581:
422:
355:
479:
2086:
1451:, the latter of whom received the established taxes; the bulls said to be issued secretly were those in favour of some privileged persons, e. g. the
603:
163:
2536:
168:
146:
99:
971:
were of greater importance, including that of Regent and those of the 25 solicitors, 12 notaries, and auditors of the Causes of the Holy Palace.
1586:. In ancient times, these rules lost their force on the death of the pope, and revived only upon the express confirmation of his successor, but
1386:, the pope, leaving the title of vice chancellor to Montéruc, appointed the archbishop of Ban, Bartolommeo Prignano, as regent. At the death of
566:
2495:, p. 262 make no reference to him and indicate that Bartolomeo Francesco de la Capra became Director of the Chancery no later than 2 May 1394.
388:
1787:
1092:) consisting only of the cardinal chancellor, regent, apostolic prothonotaries, a notary, a secretary and archivist, a protocolist, and four
180:
508:
121:
109:
2407:
1616:
628:
317:
192:
1234:
576:
335:
136:
126:
2353:
2183:
1117:
762:
713:
586:
533:
307:
76:
1431:); because while some bulls were taxed, others were not, and it was necessary to determine upon what bulls the proprietors of the
2046:
673:
591:
786:
441:
202:
69:
2580:
1821:
2247:
1827:
1518:
1506:
1336:, being either cardinal-deacons, cardinal-priests, or cardinal-bishops, this basilica could not follow the rule of the other
633:
114:
922:, but of the receipts of the offices, e. g., the taxes paid for the favours that were granted through the pertinent office.
2098:
2080:
1543:
1799:
2460:
1979:
1444:
846:
777:
of France obviated the need for Papal armies. In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work.
706:
546:
222:
94:
1509:
for all matters of its competency and by order of the pope for all others, in keeping with the new organization of the
2484:
2153:
2147:
2123:
1769:
596:
523:
275:
207:
2232:
2226:
2135:
2111:
2011:
518:
460:
340:
2463:(1382–1385). The latter was named Vice Chancellor after the death of Pierre Monteruc in 1385. In the obedience of
1918:
1906:
345:
975:
assigned the liberal proceeds of these sales as part of the remuneration of the cardinal vice chancellor of the
513:
153:
1937:
1924:
2189:
2052:
1757:
1566:
that the popes customarily promulgated at the beginning of their pontificates regarding judicial causes and
1563:
270:
217:
2333:
1845:
2171:
2074:
1900:
1882:
1751:
1641:
1491:
1337:
1158:
1074:
854:
667:
430:
242:
2468:
1876:
1647:
2456:
2412:
2141:
1973:
1775:
1763:
1323:
1229:, as is evident from Moroni's account of the funeral of Cardinal Alexander Farnese, Vice Chancellor and
1113:
866:
656:
489:
350:
141:
2491:
was named Vice
Chancellor in February 1394 and occupied the post until his death on 8 August 1394, but
1888:
1863:
1833:
1538:
The mode of dating papal bulls was also changed. Formerly they were dated according to the year of the
1851:
1839:
1735:
1374:
to his see. Cardinal Pierre de
Monteruc, the chancellor at that time, refused to follow the pope from
1033:
the privilege that, by a legal fiction, time of their tenures was regarded as not having transpired ("
822:
would date them. Subsequently, both roles tended to be filled by the same person. The use of the term
2238:
1943:
1815:
43:
2488:
2159:
1271:
2017:
1992:
1949:
1674:
1547:
1476:
999:
988:
468:
247:
2565:
1692:
1688:
1304:
696:
914:. Accordingly, the popes resorted to the expedient of selling several lucrative offices of the
2349:
2272:
2129:
2092:
2034:
2030:
1961:
1955:
1793:
1745:
1741:
1716:
1712:
1472:
939:
827:
556:
494:
474:
2487:, Papal Notary, acted in the capacity of Vice Chancellor. S. Miranda indicates that Cardinal
2400: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1112:
and chapters, and other more important ecclesiastical affairs that required various forms of
2551:
excommunicated him in
November 1526 and reinstated him a few months later. During this time
2548:
2514:
2341:
2298:
2253:
2220:
2207:
2177:
2165:
2062:
2058:
1912:
1857:
1809:
1805:
1781:
1729:
1704:
1680:
1635:
1631:
1514:
1460:
1452:
1424:
1340:
1328:
1300:
1256:
1205:
1193:
1185:
1165:
1062:
984:
980:
947:
861:
638:
2599:
830:(1143–1144). From Honorius III (1216–1227) onwards the head of the chancery was called the
2319:
2201:
2195:
1587:
1387:
1363:
1296:
992:
943:
2526:
Berardo Eroli (1453–1457) and Juan de Mella (1455–1457) acted as
Regents of the Chancery.
2504:
Gerard Faidit (1426–31) and Blasius Molino (1431–1436) acted as Regents of the Chancery.
34:
2472:
2435:
2068:
2040:
1998:
1967:
1657:
1653:
1333:
1291:
1285:
1261:
1246:
738:
538:
2590:
59:
2609:
2452:
2401:
2259:
2117:
1894:
1668:
1624:
1483:
1050:
1018:
972:
964:
926:
882:
874:
770:
212:
2584:
2427:
1530:
1346:
1137:
1129:
1045:, by which deceased intestataries were regarded to be alive, some offices remained
911:
778:
484:
1344:
deacons; when the Chancellor was a suburbicarian bishop, he retained the Basilica
1283:". The removal of the residence and office of the Vice Chancellor to the majestic
841:
was of ancient origin in its essence, but it derived its name from that of civil "
2593:
Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni
1575:
1539:
1498:
1436:
1404:
1226:
1209:
1081:
935:
915:
750:
51:
1623:, which is a cardinalatial office with competence regarding the vacancy of the
691:
2345:
1456:
1400:
1308:
1252:
1230:
1173:
1101:
1093:
1058:
1010:
774:
766:
252:
1447:
of the greater presidency, were signed by them and by the proprietors of the
991:
restored the revenue to the vice chancellor, who at that time was his nephew
765:. The principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the
1583:
1490:
in 1901, the aforementioned modes of expedition ceased. A little later, the
894:
842:
746:
661:
502:
17:
2455:. "Roman" Chancery was directed by the Regents of the Apostolic Chancery:
889:", i. e. venal offices (a practice also of secular courts, e. g. those of
1567:
1525:
1105:
1100:
were suppressed and its faculties were reduced only to the expedition of
2539:
was acting Vice Chancellor 1500–3 during the absence of Cardinal Sforza.
2513:
Jean almost certainly was Vice Chancellor by 1433, when he attended the
1358:
The office of regent, the next office in the order of precedence of the
2464:
2448:
2431:
1375:
1367:
1109:
1251:
The most splendid occupant of the office of Chancellor was the future
1463:
were those that concerned it. Because the style and the rules of the
1371:
1213:
890:
1216:". This theory of De Luca is not certain, but is at least probable.
918:
to the highest bidder; however, these sales were not of the offices
449:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
1382:; as it was necessary that someone should direct the office of the
956:
2434:
in 1312. During his absence, Cardinal Jacques d'Euse, the future
1379:
1022:
906:
807:
754:
1590:
declared that without an express confirmation the rules of the
1279:, the latter palace being, on this account, long known as the "
1212:: he retains his office for a time, but with the title of "Pro
1501:
of 29 June 1908 provided that all bulls be issued through the
1061:
to redeem them, when necessary substituting the office of the
1029:
and prudently decreased its offices. But as he granted to the
159:
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
1467:
could not be adapted to these bulls, they were issued by the
572:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
313:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
2568:
was acting Vice Chancellor 1679–1683, but without the title.
998:
The authority of the vice chancellor increased when in 1690
745:; also known as the "Papal" or "Roman Chanc(ell)ery") was a
1607:
Note: some chancellors before 1144 used the ancient title "
1524:
This commission having reformed the bulls for Consistorial
1362:
after that of the chancellor, was instituted in 1377, when
2581:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Apostolic Chancery
1443:
were the common bulls, which, after being reviewed by the
769:
and to produce documents and correspondence for the pope.
1192:"), the custom having been to title the principal of the
679:
Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1295:
was due to the confiscation of the property of Cardinal
1615:". This office should not be confused with that of the
864:
of 5 July 1532 provided the cardinalatial title of the
785:
on 27 February 1973, transferring its functions to the
2600:
Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien
1724:
Vice Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church (1187–1908)
1307:, and Castellesi, in a conspiracy against the life of
1269:", where he remained. His former residence was in the
897:). The reclassification of many of the offices of the
562:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
401:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
2289:
2287:
905:
was motivated by the need of the pope for money. The
810:'s books as well as redacting documents. The role of
1582:
had the force of law unless exception was made by a
1200:") if he were not a cardinal, and the "Prodatary" ("
281:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
2322:§114, §116; www.vatican.va; accessed 3 August 2015.
2416:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1439:; those of which the expedition was by way of the
806:first appears in 781, and was responsible for the
105:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
2215:Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church (1908–1973)
1535:actual office were appointed to sign the bulls.
877:had instituted a large number of offices in the
845:", including that of the Imperial Chancery. The
174:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
2621:12th-century establishments in the Papal States
1255:, who received as residence from his successor
1049:nominally, but not factually. Finally, in 1901
983:rescinded them and assigned the revenue to the
757:. The principal and presiding official was the
366:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
186:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
132:Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments
1574:continued even after Pope Pius X reformed the
1521:was charged with the preparation of new ones.
1168:of 5 July 1532, the presiding cardinal of the
1140:of 27 February 1973 completely suppressed the
609:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
529:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
714:
8:
1603:Chancellors of Holy Roman Church (1088–1187)
1321:edifice, in fact forming part of it, is the
582:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
356:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
1096:. The majority of the minor offices of the
818:produced documents for the pope, while the
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2087:Alessandro (Damasceni) Peretti de Montalto
761:who was always the cardinal-priest of the
721:
707:
614:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
29:
2553:Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici
759:Grand Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
2451:in 1378 but was not formally deposed by
2537:Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romani el mayor
2283:
147:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
50:
2626:1973 disestablishments in Vatican City
1002:added to his office that of Compiler (
814:first appears under Silvester II. The
567:Special Administration of the Holy See
2616:Former departments of the Roman Curia
2598:Harry Bresslau, Hans-Walter Klewitz,
1542:, which year begins on 25 March, the
1220:prescribed that the principal of the
950:, bought the office of regent of the
885:placed many of them in the class of "
7:
1546:, which liturgically celebrates the
509:Congregation of Bishops and Regulars
418:International Eucharistic Congresses
198:Promoting Integral Human Development
110:International Theological Commission
1701:Gerardo, Pro Chancellor (1166–1168)
1698:Ermanno, Pro Chancellor (1159–1166)
1017:, which resulted in few remaining.
318:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
288:Commission for Confidential Matters
2338:A Companion to the Medieval Papacy
1479:with that of the vice chancellor.
1235:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano
1035:quod tempus et tempera non currant
938:on the death of the purchaser. An
577:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
336:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
25:
2410:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2184:Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso
1399:There were four modes of issuing
1324:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
1118:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
893:, even under the absolutist King
867:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
773:reformed the office when Emperor
763:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
587:Pontifical Council for the Family
534:Congregation of the Vatican Press
308:Prefecture of the Papal Household
77:Section for Relations with States
2485:Bartolomeo Francesco de la Capra
2467:the successors of Monteruc were
2395:
2047:Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere
1663:Baronio, Pro Chancellor (1144–5)
1395:Modes of issuance of papal bulls
690:
674:Advocates of Roman congregations
624:Promoting the New Evangelization
592:Pontifical Council for the Laity
524:Sacred Congregation of the Index
58:
33:
27:Former office of the Roman Curia
2447:He adhered to the obedience of
1475:instituted and later united by
1013:of France redeemed many of the
442:Institute for Works of Religion
2493:Bresslau, Klewitz, Handbuch...
2248:Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
1519:Congregation of the Consistory
1507:Congregation of the Consistory
1299:for his share, with Cardinals
1241:Residence and titular basilica
1041:having had obtained grants of
115:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1:
2142:Henry Benedict Stuart of York
2041:Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti
1928:
1867:
1544:Solemnity of the Annunciation
1275:, from which he moved to the
285:Office of the Auditor General
2461:Francesco Moricotti Prignani
2031:Rodrigo Lanzol-Borja y Borja
1980:Francesco Moricotti Prignano
1707:, Pro Chancellor (1168–1178)
1683:, Pro Chancellor (1149–1153)
1084:of 29 June 1908 reduced the
1037:"), and many proprietors of
847:primacy of the Roman pontiff
547:Sacred Congregation of Rites
380:Interdicasterial commissions
223:Press Office of the Holy See
2555:was acting Vice Chancellor.
2406:Ojetti, Benedetto (1912). "
2332:Weiß, Stefan (2016-01-01).
2154:Giulio Maria della Somaglia
2148:Francesco Carafa di Traetto
2124:Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra
1919:Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra
1907:Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra
1770:Giovanni dei Conti di Segni
1562:were instituted in various
1517:, and the secretary of the
1176:". Scholars writing of the
539:Sacred Congregation of the
276:Secretariat for the Economy
2642:
2438:, acted as his substitute.
2312:Regimini Ecclesiæ Universæ
2244:Girolamo Ricci (1942—1953)
2227:Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo
1244:
1009:The government of Emperor
519:Congregation of Ceremonies
412:Commissions and committees
398:Candidates to Sacred Order
341:Vatican Apostolic Archives
2346:10.1163/9789004315280_012
925:Some of the offices that
619:Evangelization of Peoples
346:Vatican Apostolic Library
291:Committee for Investments
169:Promoting Christian Unity
1938:Pierre Arnaud de Puyanne
1772:, Chancellor (1205–1213)
1182:simplicitates et fabulae
1088:to a forwarding office (
1057:offices and ordered his
514:Congregation for Borders
389:Church in Eastern Europe
2301:, Ignatius Press, 2001.
2297:of 1917, translated by
2233:Andreas Franz Frühwirth
2190:Antonio Saverio De Luca
2053:Sisto Gara della Rovere
2012:Jean de la Rochetaillée
1925:Papinianus della Rovere
1564:Apostolic constitutions
1277:Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
1208:who is elevated to the
1065:for their proprietors.
979:(see below), but later
271:Council for the Economy
265:Institutions of finance
237:Institutions of justice
181:Interreligious Dialogue
2318:July 23, 2015, at the
1758:Biagio di Porto Torres
1492:apostolic constitution
1360:Cancellaria Apostolica
1267:Cancellaria Apostolica
1159:Apostolic constitution
1142:Cancellaria Apostolica
1122:Cancellaria Apostolica
1086:Cancellaria Apostolica
1075:Apostolic constitution
1021:, after his return to
855:Apostolic constitution
839:Cancellaria Apostolica
753:at the service of the
743:Cancellaria Apostolica
742:
697:Catholicism portal
668:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
485:Reform by John Paul II
243:Apostolic Penitentiary
164:Laity, Family and Life
2413:Catholic Encyclopedia
1846:Guglielmo di Catadego
1764:Giovanni da Ferentino
1423:), and by way of the
1265:, long known as the "
1245:Further information:
1090:Ufficio di Spedizione
783:Apostolic Chancellary
657:Pontifical commission
394:Consecrated Religious
351:Fabric of Saint Peter
193:Culture and Education
100:Doctrine of the Faith
2239:Tommaso Pio Boggiani
2172:Carlo Maria Pedicini
1901:Giovanni Castrocoeli
1883:Lanfranco di Bergamo
1752:Rainaldo di Acerenza
1654:Gerardo Caccianemici
1642:Crisogono Malcondini
1632:Giovanni de' Caetani
1621:of Holy Roman Church
1148:Office of chancellor
787:Secretariat of State
360:Pontifical academies
218:L'Osservatore Romano
70:Secretariat of State
2469:Jacques de Mantenay
2334:"The Curia: Camera"
2099:Francesco Barberini
2075:Ippolito de' Medici
2018:Francesco Condulmer
1921:(again) (1300–1301)
1877:Giovanni Leccacorno
1648:Aymeric de Borgogne
1548:Conception of Jesus
1486:suppressed all the
1477:Pope Alexander VIII
1281:Cancellaria Vecchia
1153:Title of the office
1053:suppressed all the
1000:Pope Alexander VIII
989:Pope Alexander VIII
963:Other offices that
870:to the chancellor.
469:Immensa Aeterni Dei
423:Historical Sciences
385:Particular Churches
248:Apostolic Signatura
2566:Cesare Facchinetti
2457:Renoul de Monteruc
2081:Alessandro Farnese
1974:Pierre de Monteruc
1776:Rainaldo Magallona
1693:Pope Alexander III
1689:Rolando Bandinelli
1505:, by order of the
1455:, auditors of the
1314:Contiguous to the
1194:Dataria Apostolica
1108:, erection of new
735:Apostolic Chancery
629:Catholic Education
552:Apostolic Chancery
438:Financial Security
122:Service of Charity
2295:Code of Canon Law
2273:Papal diplomatics
2130:Alberico Archinto
2093:Ludovico Ludovisi
2059:Giulio de' Medici
2035:Pope Alexander VI
1962:Pierre Le Tessier
1956:Gauscelin de Jean
1889:Pietro Peregrossi
1864:Michele di Tolosa
1834:Giacomo Boncampio
1806:Sinibaldo Fieschi
1794:William of Modena
1746:Pope Honorius III
1717:Pope Gregory VIII
1558:The rules of the
1495:Sapienti Consilio
1473:Pope Alexander VI
1453:palatine prelates
1421:per viam secretam
1411:), by way of the
1114:apostolic letters
1104:for Consistorial
1078:Sapienti Consilio
1006:) in perpetuity.
954:for 30,000 Roman
940:aleatory contract
731:
730:
604:Justice and Peace
557:Apostolic Dataria
495:Roman Inquisition
490:Reform by Francis
480:Reform by Paul VI
446:Healthcare Sector
203:Legislative Texts
16:(Redirected from
2633:
2591:Gaetano Moroni:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2549:Pope Clement VII
2546:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:Council of Basel
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2482:
2476:
2471:(1385–1391) and
2459:(1378–1382) and
2445:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2360:
2359:
2329:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2299:Edward N. Peters
2291:
2254:Santiago Copello
2221:Antonio Agliardi
2208:Antonio Agliardi
2178:Tommaso Bernetti
2166:Carlo Odescalchi
2105:Vacant 1679–1689
2063:Pope Clement VII
2024:Vacant 1453–1457
1993:Angelo Acciaioli
1986:Vacant 1394–1405
1933:
1930:
1913:Riccardo Petroni
1872:
1869:
1858:Giordano Pironti
1852:Rainaldo Maestro
1840:Marinus de Eboli
1810:Pope Innocent IV
1782:Tommaso da Capua
1742:Cencio Camerario
1736:Egidio Pierleoni
1713:Alberto di Morra
1705:Graziano da Pisa
1681:Boso Breakspeare
1636:Pope Gelasius II
1515:apostolic datary
1461:Apostolic Camera
1429:per viam Camerae
1425:Apostolic Camera
1417:per Cancellarium
1403:: by way of the
1354:Office of regent
1341:titular churches
1329:Pope Clement VII
1257:Pope Clement VII
1206:apostolic nuncio
1166:Pope Clement VII
1063:Apostolic Datary
985:Apostolic Camera
981:Pope Innocent XI
948:Pope Clement XII
862:Pope Clement VII
832:vicecancellarius
723:
716:
709:
695:
694:
639:Apostolic Camera
475:Reform by Pius X
137:Causes of Saints
127:Eastern Churches
62:
37:
30:
21:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2606:
2605:
2583:(archived from
2577:
2572:
2563:
2559:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2446:
2442:
2426:He was sent as
2425:
2421:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2363:
2356:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2320:Wayback Machine
2309:
2305:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2269:
2217:
2202:Lucido Parocchi
2196:Teodolfo Mertel
2136:Carlo Rezzonico
2112:Pietro Ottoboni
1944:Petrus de Podio
1931:
1870:
1816:Martino of Sens
1726:
1609:Bibliothecarius
1605:
1588:Pope Urban VIII
1556:
1554:Governing Rules
1471:, whose office
1409:per viam Curiae
1397:
1388:Pope Gregory XI
1364:Pope Gregory XI
1356:
1297:Raffaele Riario
1249:
1243:
1218:Etsi ad Singula
1196:the "Datary" ("
1174:Vice Chancellor
1162:Etsi ad Singula
1155:
1150:
1071:
1025:, reformed the
993:Pietro Ottoboni
944:Lorenzo Corsini
858:Etsi ad Singula
800:
795:
727:
689:
684:
683:
652:
644:
643:
500:
463:
453:
452:
413:
405:
404:
381:
373:
372:
369:Domus Vaticanae
331:
323:
322:
303:
295:
294:
266:
258:
257:
238:
230:
229:
90:
82:
81:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2541:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2497:
2489:Marino Bulcani
2477:
2473:Jean de Brogny
2440:
2436:Pope John XXII
2419:
2361:
2354:
2324:
2303:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2160:Tommaso Arezzo
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2069:Pompeo Colonna
2066:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2005:Vacant 1426–36
1999:Jean de Brogny
1996:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1971:
1968:Pierre Despres
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1695:) (1153–1159)
1686:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1660:) (1141–1144)
1658:Pope Lucius II
1651:
1645:
1639:
1611:" instead of "
1604:
1601:
1555:
1552:
1528:, Pius X by a
1396:
1393:
1366:returned from
1355:
1352:
1334:Sacred College
1292:Campo di Fiori
1286:Palazzo Riario
1272:Palazzo Borgia
1262:Palazzo Riario
1247:Titular church
1242:
1239:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1070:
1067:
967:classified as
929:classified as
824:bibliotecarius
820:bibliotecarius
804:bibliotecarius
799:
796:
794:
791:
781:abolished the
729:
728:
726:
725:
718:
711:
703:
700:
699:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
664:
659:
653:
651:Related topics
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
594:
589:
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459:
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450:
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428:
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399:
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391:
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382:
379:
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367:
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361:
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353:
348:
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329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
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310:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
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264:
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200:
195:
190:
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188:
178:
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176:
166:
161:
156:
151:
150:
149:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
97:
95:Evangelization
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
73:
68:
67:
64:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2638:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2453:Pope Urban VI
2450:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2402:public domain
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:9789004315280
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2260:Luigi Traglia
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:Tommaso Ruffo
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:) (1517–1523)
2064:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:) (1457–1492)
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:Arnaud Nouvel
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:Jean Le Moine
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:) (1194–1198)
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1719:) (1178–1187)
1718:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:Guido da Vico
1673:
1670:
1669:Robert Pullen
1667:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:) (1088–1118)
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:Apostolic See
1622:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:Pope Leo XIII
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:), secretly (
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:cardinalitial
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:Prior to the
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:Finally, the
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Pope Leo XIII
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:Pope Pius VII
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Pope Sixtus V
970:
966:
965:Pope Sixtus V
961:
959:
958:
953:
949:
946:, afterwards
945:
941:
937:
932:
928:
927:Pope Sixtus V
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:Pope Sixtus V
880:
876:
875:Pope Martin V
871:
869:
868:
863:
859:
856:
851:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:Pope Pius VII
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
698:
693:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
648:
647:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:
466:
465:
462:
457:
456:
448:
445:
443:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
409:
408:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
384:
383:
377:
376:
368:
365:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
327:
326:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
299:
298:
290:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
262:
261:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
234:
233:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
213:Vatican Press
211:
210:
209:
208:Communication
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
86:
85:
78:
75:
74:
71:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2592:
2585:the original
2560:
2544:
2531:
2522:
2509:
2500:
2492:
2480:
2475:(1391–1408).
2443:
2428:Papal legate
2422:
2411:
2337:
2327:
2311:
2306:
2294:
2104:
2101:(1632–1679)
2023:
2020:(1437–1453)
2014:(1436–1437)
2004:
2001:(1409–1426)
1985:
1982:(1385–1394)
1677:(1146–1149)
1618:
1613:Cancellarius
1612:
1608:
1606:
1596:
1591:
1579:
1571:
1559:
1557:
1537:
1531:motu proprio
1529:
1523:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1468:
1464:
1448:
1445:abbreviators
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1383:
1359:
1357:
1347:in commendam
1345:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1221:
1217:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1172:was titled "
1169:
1161:
1156:
1141:
1138:Pope Paul VI
1133:
1130:motu proprio
1128:
1126:
1121:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1054:
1046:
1043:sopravivevza
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1014:
1008:
1003:
997:
976:
968:
962:
955:
951:
930:
924:
919:
912:Papal States
902:
898:
886:
878:
872:
865:
857:
852:
838:
836:
831:
828:Celestine II
826:ended under
823:
819:
816:cancellarius
815:
812:cancellarius
811:
803:
802:The role of
801:
782:
779:Pope Paul VI
758:
734:
732:
666:
597:
551:
540:
499:
467:
435:Disciplinary
431:Swiss Guards
2408:Roman Curia
2340:: 220–238.
2293:Canon 260,
2262:(1968–1973)
2256:(1959–1967)
2250:(1954–1958)
2241:(1933–1942)
2235:(1927–1933)
2229:(1915–1927)
2223:(1908–1915)
2210:(1903–1908)
2204:(1899–1903)
2198:(1884–1899)
2192:(1878–1883)
2186:(1852–1878)
2180:(1844–1852)
2174:(1834–1843)
2168:(1833–1834)
2162:(1830–1833)
2156:(1818–1830)
2150:(1807–1818)
2144:(1763–1807)
2138:(1758–1763)
2132:(1756–1758)
2126:(1753–1756)
2120:(1740–1753)
2114:(1689–1740)
2095:(1623–1632)
2089:(1589–1623)
2083:(1535–1589)
2077:(1532–1535)
2071:(1524–1532)
2055:(1507–1517)
2049:(1505–1507)
2043:(1492–1505)
1995:(1405–1408)
1976:(1361–1385)
1970:(1325–1361)
1964:(1319–1325)
1958:(1316–1319)
1952:(1307–1316)
1946:(1306–1307)
1940:(1305–1306)
1932: 1305
1915:(1296–1300)
1909:(1295–1296)
1903:(1294–1295)
1897:(1288–1294)
1891:(1276–1288)
1885:(1273–1276)
1879:(1272–1273)
1871: 1271
1860:(1257–1262)
1854:(1256–1257)
1848:(1252–1256)
1842:(1244–1252)
1836:(1239–1244)
1830:(1235–1238)
1824:(1232–1235)
1796:(1219–1222)
1784:(1215–1216)
1778:(1213–1214)
1766:(1203–1205)
1760:(1200–1203)
1754:(1198–1200)
1738:(1191–1194)
1732:(1187–1191)
1650:(1123–1141)
1644:(1118–1122)
1597:Cancellaria
1592:Cancellaria
1580:Cancellaria
1576:Roman Curia
1572:Cancellaria
1560:Cancellaria
1540:Incarnation
1511:Cancellaria
1503:Cancellaria
1499:Pope Pius X
1465:Cancellaria
1441:Cancellaria
1437:Roman Curia
1413:Cancellaria
1405:Roman Curia
1401:papal bulls
1384:Cancellaria
1316:Cancellaria
1227:Roman Curia
1222:Cancellaria
1210:cardinalate
1202:Prodatarius
1190:Prodatarius
1178:Cancellaria
1170:Cancellaria
1102:Papal bulls
1098:Cancellaria
1082:Pope Pius X
1027:Cancellaria
977:Cancellaria
952:Cancellaria
936:Roman Curia
916:Roman Curia
899:Cancellaria
879:Cancellaria
798:Before 1908
751:Roman Curia
503:dicasteries
89:Dicasteries
52:Roman Curia
18:Cancelleria
2610:Categories
2279:References
1822:Bartolomeo
1812:) (1226–7)
1619:Camerlengo
1457:Sacra Rota
1309:Pope Leo X
1303:, Sacchi,
1253:Pope Leo X
1231:Archpriest
1134:Quo Aptius
1094:amanuenses
1059:pro-datary
1011:Napoleon I
843:chanceries
775:Napoleon I
767:Papal army
330:Institutes
253:Roman Rota
2564:Cardinal
2535:Cardinal
1828:Guglielmo
1818:(1227–32)
1790:(1216–19)
1617:Cardinal
1584:concordat
1568:benefices
1526:benefices
1186:Prodatary
1106:benefices
1069:1908–1973
895:Louis XIV
747:dicastery
662:Dicastery
427:Advocates
2587:, ~2015)
2316:Archived
2267:See also
1927:(1301 –
1866:(1262 –
1802:(1222-6)
1788:Rainiero
1671:(1145–6)
1488:vacabili
1469:Sommista
1449:vacabili
1433:vacabili
1305:Soderini
1301:Petrucci
1198:Datarius
1110:dioceses
1055:vacabili
1047:vacabili
1039:vacabili
1031:vacabili
1015:vacabili
1004:Sommista
969:vacabili
931:vacabili
903:vacabili
887:vacabili
598:Cor Unum
541:Consulta
44:a series
42:Part of
2575:Sources
2465:Avignon
2449:Avignon
2432:England
2404::
1376:Avignon
1368:Avignon
1327:. When
1289:in the
1233:of the
934:to the
793:History
749:of the
634:Culture
501:Former
461:History
302:Offices
142:Bishops
2602:, 1969
2352:
1730:Moyses
1482:After
1372:France
1214:Nuncio
920:per se
891:France
873:After
363:AVEPRO
154:Clergy
46:on the
1800:Guido
957:scudi
739:Latin
2350:ISBN
1380:Rome
1259:the
1188:" ("
1073:The
1023:Rome
907:pope
853:The
837:The
808:pope
755:pope
733:The
2430:to
2342:doi
1497:of
1378:to
1319:qua
1164:of
1136:of
1080:of
901:as
860:of
2612::
2364:^
2348:.
2336:.
2286:^
1929:c.
1868:c.
1627:.
1599:.
1370:,
1350:.
1311:.
1237:.
1144:.
1124:.
995:.
987:.
881:,
834:.
789:.
741::
2517:.
2358:.
2344::
2061:(
2033:(
1934:)
1873:)
1808:(
1744:(
1715:(
1691:(
1656:(
1634:(
1427:(
1415:(
1407:(
737:(
722:e
715:t
708:v
20:)
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