169:
2107:
277:
31:
321:
221:(fruit wall) that has split away, without enclosing the seed or seeds. The borders of the valves may or may not coincide with the borders of carpels. These valves may remain attached to the fruit or fall off. In septicidal capsules the valves remain in place. In some capsules, the split occurs between carpels, and in others each carpel splits open.
394:
in which the mericarps are joined by a stalk (carpophore). Thus a schizocarp of mericarps is a structure in which the carpels of a single ovary split to form mericarps. A schizocarp of nutlets is derived from a carpel that becomes lobed, and the lobes become nutlets that split apart. Examples include
427:
containing both a single seed and the fruit. Nuts also do not split. In the Brazil nut, a lid on the capsule opens, but is too small to release the dozen or so seeds (the actual "Brazil nut" of commerce) within. These germinate inside the capsule after it falls to the ground.
1937:
1942:
355:. Some variants of legumes that have retained vestigial sutures include loments that split transversely into segments, each with a single seed, and indehiscent legumes, such as
537:
Schmid, Rudolf; Graham, Linda E.; Graham, James M.; Wilcox, Lee W. (Warren); Stern, Kingsley R. (Rowland); Bidlack, James E.; Jansky, Shelley H.; Uno, Gordon E. (1 May 2005).
2075:
365:
and siliques that dehisce along two suture lines but retain a partition called the replum, which is a septum with attached seeds. While both are characteristic of
1993:
468:
373:
is derived from a compound ovary with two or more locules which then separate radially as one of the above types, such as a schizocarp of follicles, as in
1809:
423:. A capsule is not a nut because it releases its seeds and it splits apart. Nuts, on the other hand, do not release seeds as they are a compound
165:. Capsules are often classified into four types, depending on the type and location of dehiscence (see Simpson Fig 9.41 and Hickey & King ).
243:) have a transverse, rather than longitudinal, dehiscence line, so that the upper part of the capsule dehisces, usually forming a terminal lid (
656:
624:
600:
390:
is a portion of the fruit that separates from the ovary to form a distinct locule unit which encloses the seed, usually-nut-like, as in
192:
not at the septa, along the midrib or dorsal suture (seam) of the locules. If septa are absent, the dehiscence lines lie between the
1999:
894:
698:
1333:
1814:
1264:
1983:
1570:
1085:
2065:
1819:
2138:
1799:
2133:
1949:
2087:
1932:
982:
210:
have dehiscence lines aligned with the sutures of the ovary septa or placentae, that is between the carpels.
1917:
1841:
2082:
285:
168:
1804:
1656:
1328:
887:
691:
648:
1974:
1519:
840:
136:
130:
1912:
1777:
1646:
1555:
1247:
1033:
929:
566:
244:
149:
261:) in which the outer walls break away from the septa and (usually axile) placentae as valves.
2070:
919:
914:
856:
652:
620:
596:
558:
510:
495:
330:
1856:
1762:
1757:
1711:
1604:
1589:
1550:
1475:
1316:
1240:
1137:
1079:
759:
550:
357:
338:
325:
54:
665:
2110:
2092:
1954:
1783:
1733:
1721:
1701:
1683:
1619:
1446:
1414:
1348:
1177:
1172:
1063:
999:
880:
830:
815:
684:
380:
173:
2004:
1969:
1922:
1904:
1868:
1624:
1451:
1429:
1395:
1370:
1353:
1343:
1338:
1220:
1038:
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462:
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74:
2127:
2040:
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1678:
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1465:
1365:
1167:
1150:
1073:
1053:
994:
989:
937:
610:
520:
518:
457:
213:
Both loculicidal and septicidal capsules split into distinguishable segments called
2035:
2025:
1927:
1651:
1636:
1145:
1112:
396:
366:
276:
642:
614:
590:
1851:
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1767:
1629:
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1122:
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412:
309:
320:
1880:
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1846:
1529:
1524:
1460:
1252:
1099:
1058:
952:
861:
789:
416:
370:
155:
89:. Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, fruit can be classified as
562:
1988:
1885:
1614:
1419:
1400:
1311:
1235:
1107:
1048:
1028:
967:
749:
400:
375:
197:
193:
109:
may be equal to or less than the number of carpels. The locules contain the
106:
47:
30:
2030:
2020:
1964:
1959:
1726:
1599:
1575:
1492:
1162:
947:
799:
420:
391:
387:
362:
352:
343:
249:
218:
161:
570:
17:
1215:
1210:
1127:
1117:
794:
670:
293:
269:
185:
538:
337:
Some dry dehiscent fruits form specialised capsule-like structures. A
1668:
1560:
1514:
1480:
1434:
1424:
1385:
1323:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
903:
769:
764:
722:
554:
348:
305:
301:
297:
281:
201:
118:
82:
78:
39:
184:
possess longitudinal lines of dehiscence radially aligned with the
1892:
1826:
1748:
1716:
1673:
1565:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1439:
1360:
1018:
1009:
820:
754:
708:
676:
437:
369:, silicles have a ratio of length to width of no more than 3:1. A
341:
is derived from a single carpel that splits along a suture, as in
319:
275:
167:
110:
86:
66:
50:
29:
1743:
1738:
1390:
1230:
1205:
1200:
1184:
1155:
1043:
779:
140:
114:
876:
680:
1663:
1225:
461:
139:, i.e. at maturity, it splits apart (dehisces) to release the
351:
splits along two sutures, and are a defining feature of the
73:, small box) is derived from a compound (multicarpellary)
872:
403:, where the styles are attached between the ovary lobes.
292:
Examples of other plants that produce capsules include
267:
dehisce through pores (openings) in the capsule, as in
644:
The
Cambridge illustrated glossary of botanical terms
361:(peanuts). Capsules derived from two carpels include
280:
Flowers and developing fruit capsules of the ground
2049:
2013:
1903:
1776:
1692:
1588:
1538:
1263:
1193:
1136:
1098:
1072:
1008:
928:
849:
808:
715:
524:
85:(or cell) is used to refer to a chamber within the
77:. A capsule is a structure composed of two or more
196:. This type is common among many members of the
247:) that opens (see illustration). An example is
46:is a type of simple, dry, though rarely fleshy
888:
692:
8:
1994:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
472:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1095:
895:
881:
873:
699:
685:
677:
506:
273:, the seeds escaping through these pores.
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
53:produced by many species of angiosperms (
1938:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
491:
449:
641:Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (2000).
411:Capsules are sometimes mislabeled as
105:. The number of locules present in a
7:
613:; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985).
616:The families of the monocotyledons
81:. In (flowering plants), the term
25:
1943:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
525:Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985
2106:
2105:
217:. The valves are a part of the
27:Type of simple, dehiscent fruit
666:Encyclopædia Britannica online
511:Capsule dehiscence p. 136
1:
496:Simple fruit types pp.384–386
135:In most cases the capsule is
1984:History of plant systematics
1571:Thorns, spines, and prickles
589:Simpson, Michael G. (2011).
619:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
415:, as in the example of the
143:within. A few capsules are
2155:
1800:Alternation of generations
128:
2101:
1950:Cultivated plant taxonomy
1913:Biological classification
910:
1810:Evolutionary development
1461:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
469:Encyclopædia Britannica
225:Circumscissile capsules
147:, for example those of
2076:by author abbreviation
2000:Plant taxonomy systems
1918:Botanical nomenclature
507:Hickey & King 2000
383:) (see illustration).
334:
289:
178:
35:
2083:Botanical expeditions
323:
286:Spathoglottis plicata
279:
171:
117:and are separated by
61:Origins and structure
33:
1815:Evolutionary history
1805:Double fertilization
1657:Cellular respiration
809:Categories of fruits
649:Cambridge University
316:Specialised capsules
204:(see illustration).
182:Loculicidal capsules
1034:Non-vascular plants
527:, Fruit p. 15.
255:Septifragal capsule
253:. A variant is the
208:Septicidal capsules
131:Dehiscence (botany)
1539:Surface structures
1334:Flower development
595:. Academic Press.
335:
324:Dehiscence of the
290:
265:Poricidal capsules
179:
150:Adansonia digitata
36:
2139:Orchid morphology
2119:
2118:
1758:Herbaceous plants
1584:
1583:
870:
869:
658:978-0-521-79401-5
626:978-3-642-64903-5
602:978-0-08-051404-8
592:Plant Systematics
331:Asclepias syriaca
16:(Redirected from
2146:
2134:Fruit morphology
2109:
2108:
2088:Individual trees
1763:Secondary growth
1734:Succulent plants
1722:Prostrate shrubs
1605:Apical dominance
1590:Plant physiology
1551:Epicuticular wax
1096:
1089:
1080:Plant morphology
897:
890:
883:
874:
701:
694:
687:
678:
662:
637:
635:
633:
606:
575:
574:
555:10.2307/25065406
534:
528:
522:
513:
504:
498:
489:
474:
473:
465:
454:
358:Arachis hypogaea
259:valvular capsule
55:flowering plants
21:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2097:
2066:Botanical terms
2059:
2045:
2009:
1955:Citrus taxonomy
1933:Author citation
1899:
1793:
1772:
1694:
1688:
1684:Turgor pressure
1592:
1580:
1534:
1349:Floral symmetry
1267:
1259:
1189:
1178:Vascular bundle
1173:Vascular tissue
1132:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1068:
1039:Vascular plants
1004:
1000:Plant pathology
924:
906:
901:
871:
866:
845:
841:Dehiscent fruit
831:Aggregate fruit
816:Accessory fruit
804:
716:Types of fruits
711:
705:
675:
659:
640:
631:
629:
627:
609:
603:
588:
584:
579:
578:
539:"Plant Biology"
536:
535:
531:
523:
516:
505:
501:
490:
477:
463:"Capsule"
456:
455:
451:
446:
434:
409:
381:Asclepiadoideae
318:
174:Lilium candidum
133:
127:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2056:Related topics
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2005:Taxonomic rank
2002:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Botanical name
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:Plant taxonomy
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1881:Megasporangium
1878:
1877:
1876:
1869:Microsporangia
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
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1791:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1773:
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1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1707:Cushion plants
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1642:Plant hormones
1639:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1625:Photosynthesis
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:Floral formula
1341:
1339:Floral diagram
1336:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1268:(incl. Flower)
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1168:Storage organs
1165:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:Spermatophytes
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Archaeplastida
1021:
1015:
1013:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
986:
985:
978:Phytogeography
975:
973:Phytochemistry
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
930:Subdisciplines
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
911:
908:
907:
902:
900:
899:
892:
885:
877:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
836:Multiple fruit
833:
828:
826:Compound fruit
823:
818:
812:
810:
806:
805:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
741:
740:
735:
725:
719:
717:
713:
712:
706:
704:
703:
696:
689:
681:
674:
673:
668:
663:
657:
638:
625:
611:Dahlgren, R.M.
607:
601:
585:
583:
580:
577:
576:
529:
514:
499:
475:
460:, ed. (1911).
458:Chisholm, Hugh
448:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
433:
430:
421:Horse-chestnut
408:
405:
317:
314:
129:Main article:
126:
123:
93:(unilocular),
62:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2151:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:Phytochemical
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
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1911:
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1685:
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1680:
1679:Transpiration
1677:
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1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
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1649:
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1501:
1499:
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1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:Inflorescence
1464:
1462:
1459:
1453:
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1448:
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1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
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1408:
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1399:
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1387:
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1379:
1377:
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1367:
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1359:
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1262:
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1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
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1151:Ground tissue
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1074:Plant anatomy
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938:Archaeobotany
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103:multi-locular
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65:The capsule (
60:
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32:
19:
2121:
2036:Horticulture
2026:Floriculture
1928:Correct name
1778:Reproduction
1768:Woody plants
1693:Plant growth
1652:Gas Exchange
1637:Phytomelanin
1515:Plant embryo
1375:
1265:Reproductive
1113:Phragmoplast
821:Simple fruit
744:
643:
630:. Retrieved
615:
591:
582:Bibliography
546:
542:
532:
502:
492:Simpson 2011
467:
452:
410:
397:Boraginaceae
385:
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367:Brassicaceae
356:
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70:
64:
43:
37:
1852:Pollen tube
1847:Pollinators
1837:Pollination
1832:Germination
1647:Respiration
1630:Chlorophyll
1476:Pedicellate
1410:Gametophyte
1329:Aestivation
1280:Antheridium
1275:Archegonium
1123:Plasmodesma
1100:Plant cells
963:Paleobotany
958:Ethnobotany
943:Astrobotany
862:Drift fruit
733:Hesperidium
632:10 February
328:capsule of
310:jimson weed
241:lid capsule
145:indehiscent
99:tri-locular
91:uni-locular
2128:Categories
1874:Microspore
1864:Sporangium
1842:Artificial
1530:Sporophyte
1525:Sporophyll
1520:Receptacle
1415:Gynandrium
1285:Androecium
1194:Vegetative
1064:Angiosperm
1059:Gymnosperm
953:Dendrology
790:Schizocarp
549:(2): 573.
444:References
417:Brazil nut
371:schizocarp
347:, while a
326:follicular
156:Alphitonia
125:Dehiscence
95:bi-locular
2071:Botanists
1989:Herbarium
1886:Megaspore
1784:Evolution
1727:Subshrubs
1695:and habit
1620:Nutrition
1615:Cellulose
1610:Bulk flow
1593:Materials
1556:Epidermis
1420:Gynoecium
1401:Endosperm
1396:Dispersal
1312:Staminode
1248:Sessility
1236:Cataphyll
1156:Mesophyll
1108:Cell wall
1049:Lycophyte
1029:Bryophyte
983:Geobotany
968:Phycology
750:Caryopsis
707:Types of
563:0040-0262
401:Lamiaceae
399:and most
376:Asclepias
245:operculum
198:Liliaceae
194:placentae
177:dehiscing
137:dehiscent
107:gynoecium
48:dehiscent
2111:Category
2031:Forestry
2021:Agronomy
2014:Practice
1965:Cultivar
1960:Cultigen
1820:timeline
1712:Rosettes
1600:Aleurone
1576:Trichome
1493:Perianth
1305:Filament
1163:Meristem
1086:glossary
948:Bryology
857:Diaspore
850:Function
800:Syconium
760:Follicle
571:25065406
432:See also
392:Apiaceae
388:mericarp
363:silicles
353:Fabaceae
344:Magnolia
339:follicle
250:Plantago
237:pyxidium
219:pericarp
200:such as
162:Merciera
34:Pyxidium
18:Capsular
1789:Ecology
1546:Cuticle
1376:Capsule
1366:Anatomy
1317:Tapetum
1241:Petiole
1216:Rhizome
1211:Rhizoid
1138:Tissues
1128:Vacuole
1118:Plastid
920:Outline
915:History
795:Silique
745:Capsule
651:Press.
419:or the
294:nigella
270:Papaver
186:locules
79:carpels
71:capsula
44:capsule
2093:Plants
1996:(IAPT)
1749:Lianas
1717:Shrubs
1669:Starch
1561:Nectar
1481:Raceme
1447:Stigma
1435:Locule
1425:Carpel
1386:Pyrena
1324:Flower
1300:Anther
1295:Stamen
1290:Pollen
1012:groups
904:Botany
785:Samara
770:Loment
765:Legume
723:Achene
709:fruits
655:
623:
599:
569:
561:
349:legume
308:, and
306:cotton
302:willow
298:orchid
282:orchid
229:pyxide
215:valves
202:Lilium
159:, and
111:ovules
83:locule
40:botany
2053:Lists
1970:Group
1893:Spore
1827:Flora
1744:Vines
1739:Trees
1702:Habit
1674:Sugar
1566:Stoma
1508:Sepal
1503:Petal
1498:Tepal
1486:Umbel
1471:Bract
1452:Style
1440:Ovule
1430:Ovary
1371:Berry
1361:Fruit
1354:Whorl
1221:Shoot
1019:Algae
1010:Plant
755:Drupe
728:Berry
567:JSTOR
543:Taxon
438:Fruit
425:ovary
233:pyxis
141:seeds
119:septa
115:seeds
87:fruit
75:ovary
67:Latin
51:fruit
1975:Grex
1857:Self
1391:Seed
1253:Stem
1231:Leaf
1206:Root
1201:Bulb
1185:Wood
1146:Cork
1044:Fern
780:Pome
738:Pepo
653:ISBN
634:2014
621:ISBN
597:ISBN
559:ISSN
413:nuts
407:Nuts
190:i.e.
42:, a
1664:Sap
1381:Nut
1226:Bud
775:Nut
551:doi
239:or
113:or
101:or
57:).
38:In
2130::
565:.
557:.
547:54
545:.
541:.
517:^
509:,
494:,
478:^
466:.
386:A
312:.
304:,
300:,
296:,
235:,
231:,
188:,
153:,
121:.
97:,
69::
1088:)
1084:(
896:e
889:t
882:v
700:e
693:t
686:v
661:.
636:.
605:.
573:.
553::
379:(
257:(
227:(
20:)
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