1401:
73:
955:
1386:
1433:
51:
935:-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike. In larger species this can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 2 in) thick. The seeds are minute, 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) long, and attached to fine hairs. When ripe, the heads disintegrate into a cottony fluff from which the seeds
1771:. The leaves can be treated to weave into baskets, mats, or sandals. The rushes are harvested and the leaves often dried for later use in chair seats. Re-wetted, the leaves are twisted and wrapped around the chair rungs to form a densely woven seat that is then stuffed (usually with the left over rush).
1798:
The cattail, or, as it is commonly referred to in the
American Midwest, the sausage tail, has been the subject of multiple artist renditions, gaining popularity in the mid-twentieth century. The term, sausage tail, derives from the similarity that cattails have with sausages, a name given to the
1019:
is difficult. The most successful strategy appears to be mowing or burning to remove the aerenchymous stalks, followed by prolonged flooding. It may be more important to prevent invasion by preserving water level fluctuations, including periods of drought, and to maintain infertile conditions.
1529:
per 100 grams, and are most often harvested from late autumn to early spring. They are fibrous, and the starch must be scraped or sucked from the tough fibers. Baby shoots emerging from the rhizomes, which are sometimes subterranean, can be picked and eaten raw. Also underground is a
1557:
in Russia, and has been called "Cossack asparagus". The leaf bases can be eaten raw or cooked, especially in late spring when they are young and tender. In early summer the sheath can be removed from the developing green flower spike, which can then be boiled and eaten like
1870:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
2701:
Cicek, N.; Lambert, S.; Venema, H.D.; Snelgrove, K.R.; Bibeau, E.L.; Grosshans, R. (June 2006). "Nutrient removal and bio-energy production from Netley-Libau Marsh at Lake
Winnipeg through annual biomass harvesting".
1665:, due to a shortage of raw materials. In 1948, French scientists tested methods for annual harvesting of the leaves. Because of the high cost, these methods were abandoned and no further research was done. Today
2795:
Dieye, Younouss; Sambou, Vincent; Faye, Mactar; Thiam, Ababacar; Adj, Mamadou; Azilinon, Dorothe (2017-01-01). "Thermo-mechanical characterization of a building material based on Typha
Australis".
975:
are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud, with their abundant wind-dispersed seeds. Buried seeds can survive in the soil for long periods of time. They
1661:. It is strong with a heavy texture and it is hard to bleach, so it is not suitable for industrial production of graphical paper. In 1853, considerable amounts of cattail paper were produced in
726:
1007:
are native wetland plants, they can be aggressive in their competition with other native species. They have been problematic in many regions in North
America, from the Great Lakes to the
1581:
Harvesting cattail removes nutrients from the wetland that would otherwise return via the decomposition of decaying plant matter. Floating mats of cattails remove nutrients from
1849:
3748:
2854:
Jahan, M. Sarwar; Islam, M. Khalidul; Chowdhury, D.A. Nasima; Moeiz, S.M. Iqbal; Arman, U. (October 2007). "Pulping and papermaking properties of pati (Typha)".
3787:
1985:
1538:. The plant is one championed by survival experts because various parts can be eaten throughout the year. Plants growing in polluted water can accumulate
1760:
can be dipped in wax or fat and then lit as a candle, the stem serving as a wick. Without the use of wax or fat it will smolder slowly, somewhat like
884:
are edible, though at least some species are known to accumulate toxins and so must first undergo treatment before being eaten. Evidence of preserved
989:
are considered to be dominant competitors in wetlands in many areas, and they often exclude other plants with their dense canopy. In the bays of the
3696:
3761:
3709:
1011:. Native sedges are displaced and wet meadows shrink, likely as a response to altered hydrology of the wetlands and increased nutrient levels. An
979:
best with sunlight and fluctuating temperatures, which is typical of many wetland plants that regenerate on mud flats. The plants also spread by
3836:
1950:
2838:
2779:
2650:
2568:
2470:
2212:
1882:
2999:
2772:
Edible and Useful Plants of Texas and the
Southwest, Including Recipes, Harmful Plants, Natural Dyes, and Textile Fibers: A Practical Guide
1925:
3595:
1729:
923:. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of
1877:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
993:, for example, they are among the most abundant wetland plants. Different species of cattails are adapted to different water depths.
3949:
3048:
2598:
2089:
1841:
3911:
1030:, which also use them to construct feeding platforms and dens, thereby also providing nesting and resting places for waterfowl.
3735:
3600:
1786:
for increasing urination, or mashed to make a jelly-like paste for sores, boils, wounds, burns, scabs, and smallpox pustules.
3885:
1609:
were among the most important plants and every part of the plant had multiple uses. For example, they were used to construct
2244:
Oudhia, P. (1999). Allelopathic TEMPeffects of Typha angustata on germination and seedling vigour of winter maize and rice.
3766:
1896:
911:(hairless), linear, alternate and mostly basal on a simple, jointless stem that bears the flowering spikes. The plants are
3774:
2540:
1837:
1799:
plant by the
Midwest Polish community who had noticed a striking similarity between the plant and a common Polish dish,
1549:
The rind of young stems can be peeled off, and the tender white heart inside can be eaten raw or boiled and eaten like
3569:
3556:
908:
1000:
make the plants tolerant of submersion. Even the dead stalks are capable of transmitting oxygen to the rooting zone.
3964:
3890:
3849:
3304:
1993:
1452:, which is distributed across the entire temperate northern hemisphere. It has also been introduced to Australia.
3792:
1625:
3854:
1677:
Fibers up to 4 meters long can be obtained from the stems when they are treated mechanically or chemically with
3959:
3327:
2968:
Jackson, Jeremiah (December 18–20, 2006). "Treatment of
Arsenic Contaminated Water Using Aquatic Macrophytes".
1393:
1628:
and aviation jackets. Tests showed that even after 100 hours of submersion, the buoyancy was still effective.
3015:
1578:
content and can be used to feed cattle and chickens. They can also be found in
African countries like Ghana.
72:
3944:
3673:
3389:
3322:
1272:
1084:
2745:
3954:
3647:
3499:
3437:
3332:
1400:
1076:
722:
3574:
3823:
3678:
3652:
3041:
1521:
are nutritious with a protein content comparable to that of maize or rice. They can be processed into a
1092:
581:
2440:. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
2337:. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
3916:
3714:
2588:
2227:
Grace, J. B. and Wetzel, R. G. (1981). Habitat partitioning and competitive displacement in cattails (
3802:
3608:
3432:
2711:
2380:
2118:
2031:
1304:
1288:
1016:
633:
594:
2560:
Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North
America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles
2462:
Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles
3472:
3297:
3290:
3262:
2330:
1791:
1320:
1128:
1100:
870:
646:
2433:
2357:
194:
3898:
3841:
3660:
3482:
3477:
2514:
1954:
1635:
1437:
1328:
1064:
1012:
555:
535:
308:
181:
67:
3828:
2184:
Shipley, B., et al. (1989). Regeneration and establishment strategies of emergent macrophytes.
3810:
3753:
3582:
3020:
2904:
2834:
2812:
2775:
2727:
2646:
2604:
2594:
2564:
2466:
2208:
2154:
2136:
2085:
2059:
1921:
1888:
1878:
1336:
1280:
1240:
1188:
1168:
1152:
1144:
659:
420:
2558:
2460:
3815:
3467:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3384:
3354:
3034:
2935:
2894:
2863:
2804:
2719:
2506:
2388:
2278:
Kaminski, R. M., et al. (1985). Control of cattail and bulrush by cutting and flooding. In:
2144:
2126:
2049:
2039:
1678:
1662:
1457:
1360:
1256:
1216:
1181:
1160:
1052:
797:
742:
568:
437:
1789:
Cattail pollen is used as a banker source of food for predatory insects and mites (such as
1385:
3405:
2881:
Bidin, Nordiah; Zakaria, Muta Harah; Bujang, Japar Sidik; Abdul Aziz, Nur Aznadia (2015).
2584:
1685:
and can be used to produce raw textiles. The leaf fibers can be used as an alternative to
1621:
1559:
1432:
1372:
1348:
1296:
1232:
1224:
1136:
966:
954:
904:
785:
777:
110:
59:
2972:. American Society of Civil Engineers, Environment and Water Resources. New Delhi, India.
2171:
van der Valk, A. G., and Davis, C. B. (1976). The seed banks of prairie glacial marshes.
725:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
3639:
2715:
2384:
2122:
2035:
3939:
3394:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3091:
2054:
2019:
1582:
1514:
1312:
1108:
936:
889:
97:
1819:
3933:
3665:
3462:
3427:
3272:
3208:
2939:
2149:
2106:
1594:
1575:
1461:
1264:
1204:
1116:
774:
366:
264:
173:
123:
2518:
1638:
in buildings as an organic alternative to conventional insulating materials such as
1456:
is nearly as widespread, but does not extend as far north; it may be introduced and
3903:
3587:
3374:
3249:
3240:
3190:
3165:
3061:
2723:
2077:
1531:
1341:
1248:
1196:
1044:
240:
3561:
3548:
2867:
2392:
2291:
962:
3537:
2665:
3877:
3779:
3722:
3531:
3170:
2282:, eds. H. H. Prince and F. M. D’Itri, pp. 253–62. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.
1745:
1717:
1209:
990:
976:
833:
224:
136:
3000:"Applying pollen over a crop as an alternative food source for predatory mites"
2808:
2265:
dominance and extended hydroperiod constrain restoration of wetland diversity.
1872:
1513:
plant are edible to humans. Before the plant flowers, the tender inside of the
3457:
3399:
2407:
1768:
1643:
1639:
1377:
1365:
1121:
1008:
997:
912:
857:
620:
454:
403:
50:
3522:
2908:
2833:. Ottawa: National Research Council.: Books for Business. 1976. p. 101.
2816:
2731:
2140:
3634:
3621:
3422:
3346:
3257:
3136:
3131:
3026:
2044:
1741:
1550:
1543:
916:
809:
781:
607:
513:
500:
362:
156:
3867:
2158:
2131:
2063:
1892:
2899:
2882:
2608:
3862:
3516:
3281:
1800:
1783:
1554:
1469:
1353:
1148:– bulrush, southern cattail (America), narrow-leaved cumbungi (Australia)
1057:
980:
386:
31:
3688:
1820:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
17:
3701:
3311:
3121:
2922:
Dubbe, D.R.; Garver, E.G.; Pratt, D.C. (1988). "Production of cattail (
2831:
Making Aquatic Weeds Useful: Some Perspectives for Developing Countries
2510:
1779:
1761:
1709:
1602:
1526:
1518:
1442:
1027:
932:
881:
874:
862:
853:
770:
487:
342:
2304:
1756:
down is still used in some areas to stuff clothing items and pillows.
3727:
3317:
3101:
3081:
3069:
3057:
1733:
1686:
1563:
1535:
1493:
1260:– (East Asia), raupō (New Zealand), broad-leaved cumbungi (Australia)
928:
924:
920:
885:
821:
470:
146:
3493:
1428:. The seeds are embedded in fluff and are soon dispersed by the wind
1411:
3626:
3379:
3218:
3213:
3200:
3150:
3096:
3086:
1690:
1658:
1522:
1431:
1425:
1399:
1384:
953:
766:
254:
84:
3740:
1916:
Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009.
3126:
3111:
2953:
Jackson, Jeremiah (April 2007). "Removing Arsenic Sustainably".
1682:
1610:
1598:
1539:
1489:
946:
have been found as long ago as 69 mya in modern Central Europe.
672:
3497:
3030:
2970:
An International Perspective on Environment and Water Resources
2084:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
1782:
from drinking water. The boiled rootstocks have been used as a
3613:
3116:
3106:
2883:"Suitability of Aquatic Plant Fibers for Handmade Papermaking"
2645:. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 69–70.
1566:
can be collected and used as a flour supplement or thickener.
284:
1693:
in clothing. The yield of leaf fiber is 30 to 40 percent and
1616:
During World War II, the United States Navy used the down of
892:
suggests they were already eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago.
2020:"Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing"
1712:. Because of their high productivity in northern latitudes,
931:
is shed. Large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense,
1546:
residues in their rhizomes, and these should not be eaten.
757:
751:
1842:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1038:
The following species and hybrids are currently accepted:
1517:
can be squeezed out and eaten raw or cooked. The starchy
2682:
Reed, E.; Marsh, L. C. (1955). "The Cattail Potential".
1534:
lump which can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked like a
2305:"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, genus
2107:"Early Cretaceous lineages of monocot flowering plants"
1236:– Laxman's bulrush – (southern Europe and much of Asia)
1965:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1562:. In mid-summer when the male flowers are mature, the
1015:
or hybrid species may be contributing to the problem.
965:, a former municipality located on the shores of the
903:
are aquatic or semi-aquatic, rhizomatous, herbaceous
754:
1068:– lesser bulrush, narrow leaf cattail (America), or
748:
3506:
3367:
3345:
3280:
3271:
3248:
3239:
3199:
3149:
3068:
1476:is widespread in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.
745:
708:
696:
671:
658:
645:
632:
619:
606:
593:
580:
567:
554:
533:
512:
499:
486:
469:
453:
436:
419:
402:
385:
361:
340:
305:
281:
263:
253:
237:
223:
218:
2985:Useful Native Plants of Australia (incl. Tasmania)
2774:. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 147.
2408:"Wetlands - Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers"
1874:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
784:. These plants have a variety of common names, in
30:"Cattail" redirects here. Not to be confused with
545:
352:
27:Genus of flowering plants in the family Typhaceae
1026:are frequently eaten by wetland mammals such as
2593:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 50.
2493:Morton, J. F. (January–March 1975). "Cattails (
2111:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1697:can produce 7 to 10 tons per hectare annually.
1417:
1409:
219:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
3042:
2987:. Sydney: Technological Mus. New South Wales.
1744:, and for bedding, diapers, baby powder, and
1708:can be used as a source of starch to produce
1228:– bulrush, common cattail – (very widespread)
8:
2552:
2550:
2205:Wetland Ecology: Principals and Conservation
1774:Small-scale experiments have indicated that
213:
2207:. Cambridge University Press. p. 497.
3494:
3277:
3245:
3158:
3146:
3074:
3049:
3035:
3027:
2622:Marsh, L. C. (1959). "The Cattail Story".
2537:Environmental Research at the Leading Edge
2497:spp.) – Weed Problem or Potential Crop?".
1984:State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria).
1838:United States Food and Drug Administration
1736:for starting fires. Some tribes also used
1472:distribution, and it occurs in Australia.
322:
212:
49:
38:
2898:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2358:"The potential for hybridization between
2148:
2130:
2053:
2043:
2013:
2011:
1244:– (western Europe, southwest Asia, China)
2887:International Journal of Polymer Science
2563:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40.
2465:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 38.
2412:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2292:Global Invasive Species Database: "Uses"
2198:
2196:
2194:
983:, forming large, interconnected stands.
869:The genus is largely distributed in the
2746:"The Floating Bioplatforms of IISD-ELA"
2530:
2528:
1811:
1553:. This food has been popular among the
852:. Other taxa of plants may be known as
2672:Tai Awatea. Accessed 15 December 2011.
2641:Elias, T. S.; Dykeman, P. A. (2009) .
1992:. Agriculture Victoria. Archived from
1963:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1657:stems and leaves can be used to make
1180:) – hybrid cattail, white cattail (a
7:
3891:0db0a449-7b40-4fce-a52c-52d1a5d5fa03
3803:421a10af-aef0-4a44-8afa-ae498a1a70dc
2998:Heidi Wollaeger (January 20, 2015).
1034:Accepted species and natural hybrids
873:, where it is found in a variety of
1767:The flower stalks can be made into
3855:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003823-2
2926:spp.) biomass in Minnesota, USA".
2356:Selbo, S. M.; Snow, A. A. (2004).
1730:indigenous peoples of the Americas
1669:is used to make decorative paper.
1392:at the edge of a small wetland in
1156:– (from Algeria to southern China)
25:
2590:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
2018:Revedin, A.; et al. (2010).
1940:. Frederick Warne, London. 460 p.
1752:meant "fruit for papoose's bed".
1728:The seed hairs were used by some
1252:– dwarf bulrush – (Europe, Asia)
1112:– (tropical and southern Africa)
961:pictured in the coat of arms of
927:and hairs, and withers once the
741:
71:
2797:Journal of Building Engineering
2231:): experimental field studies.
1899:from the original on 2024-05-09
1852:from the original on 2024-03-27
1748:. One Native American word for
1593:For local native tribes around
1583:eutrophied bodies of freshwater
1448:The most widespread species is
3016:Can you actually eat cattails?
2724:10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.12.009
2082:New Flora of the British Isles
1441:at the edge of a reservoir in
919:flowers that develop in dense
1:
2868:10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.03.014
2856:Industrial Crops and Products
2557:Nyerges, Christopher (2016).
2541:Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
2459:Nyerges, Christopher (2016).
2393:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003
2257:Boers, A. M., et al. (2007).
3002:. Michigan State University.
2940:10.1016/0144-4565(88)90073-X
2750:IISD Experimental Lakes Area
1938:Observer's Book of Pond Life
721:Percentages estimated using
2105:Bremer, Kåre (2000-04-04).
1681:. The stem fibers resemble
1418:
1284:– (China, Russian Far East)
1080:– (Germany and Switzerland)
214:Cattail, narrow leaf shoots
204:(Kronf. ex Riedl) Mavrodiev
3981:
2809:10.1016/j.jobe.2016.12.007
2173:Canadian Journal of Botany
1990:Victorian Resources Online
1764:, and may repel insects.
1488:are largely restricted to
229:106 kJ (25 kcal)
29:
3415:
3161:
3145:
3077:
2366:in a constructed wetland"
1410:
792:or (mainly historically)
720:
716:
692:
684:
529:
525:
336:
332:
325:
321:
301:
297:
277:
273:
233:
187:
180:
68:Scientific classification
66:
57:
48:
41:
3950:Inflorescence vegetables
2024:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1394:Marshall County, Indiana
1292:– (Europe, Iran, Turkey)
3390:Intermediate wheatgrass
2233:The American Naturalist
2045:10.1073/pnas.1006993107
1716:are considered to be a
1268:– (Central Asia, China)
1085:Typha austro-orientalis
723:US recommendations
3438:History of agriculture
2983:Maiden, J. H. (1889).
2770:Miller, D. T. (1999).
2294:- Retrieved 2017-03-20
2267:Ecological Engineering
2132:10.1073/pnas.080421597
1574:The seeds have a high
1445:
1429:
1397:
1316:– (Argentina, Uruguay)
1132:– (northeastern China)
969:
727:the National Academies
3824:Paleobiology Database
2704:Biomass and Bioenergy
2432:Briggs, B.G. (2020).
2329:Briggs, B.G. (2020).
2203:Keddy, P. A. (2010).
1957:Typha
1435:
1403:
1388:
1093:Typha azerbaijanensis
957:
327:Vitamins and minerals
3433:Neolithic Revolution
3368:Emerging grain crops
2535:Gore, A. B. (2007).
1918:Collins Flower Guide
1620:as a substitute for
1468:has a more southern
1289:Typha shuttleworthii
1273:Typha × provincialis
866:and related genera.
3473:Genetic engineering
2900:10.1155/2015/165868
2716:2006BmBe...30..529C
2385:2004AqBot..78..361S
2331:"Typha domingensis"
2123:2000PNAS...97.4707B
2036:2010PNAS..10718815R
2030:(44): 18815–18819.
1792:Amblyseius swirskii
1778:are able to remove
1332:– (European Russia)
1308:– (European Russia)
1129:Typha changbaiensis
1088:– (European Russia)
1077:Typha × argoviensis
871:Northern Hemisphere
438:Pantothenic acid (B
215:
3483:Crop wild relative
3478:Selective breeding
3305:A. hypochondriacus
2666:Raupo or Bulrush (
2643:Edible Wild Plants
2624:The Garden Journal
2511:10.1007/bf02861252
2438:Flora of Australia
2434:"Typha orientalis"
2360:Typha angustifolia
2335:Flora of Australia
2246:Agric. Sci. Digest
2186:Journal of Ecology
1936:Clegg, J. (1986).
1795:) in greenhouses.
1636:thermal insulation
1509:Many parts of the
1446:
1438:Typha angustifolia
1430:
1398:
1329:Typha tichomirovii
1200:– (central Russia)
1065:Typha angustifolia
970:
698:Other constituents
3965:Cretaceous plants
3927:
3926:
3811:Open Tree of Life
3500:Taxon identifiers
3491:
3490:
3363:
3362:
3341:
3340:
3323:Pitseed goosefoot
3263:Tartary buckwheat
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3021:The Straight Dope
2955:Civil Engineering
2840:978-0-89499-180-6
2781:978-0-292-78164-1
2652:978-1-4027-6715-9
2570:978-1-4930-1499-6
2472:978-1-4930-1499-6
2214:978-0-521-51940-3
1920:. Harper Collins
1884:978-0-309-48834-1
1613:and other boats.
1589:Building material
1486:T. shuttleworthii
1337:Typha turcomanica
1305:Typha × smirnovii
1281:Typha przewalskii
1241:Typha lugdunensis
1189:Typha grossheimii
1153:Typha elephantina
1145:Typha domingensis
907:. The leaves are
856:, including some
733:
732:
688:
687:
211:
210:
205:
197:
176:
16:(Redirected from
3972:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3806:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3780:NHMSYS0000464690
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3495:
3468:Green Revolution
3453:Tell Abu Hureyra
3448:Fertile Crescent
3443:Natufian culture
3385:Indian ricegrass
3278:
3246:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3075:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3028:
3004:
3003:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2684:Chemurgic Digest
2679:
2673:
2668:Typha orientalis
2663:
2657:
2656:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2585:Angier, Bradford
2581:
2575:
2574:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2406:Johnson, Peter.
2403:
2397:
2396:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2280:Coastal Wetlands
2276:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2200:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2134:
2117:(9): 4707–4711.
2102:
2096:
2095:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:on 24 March 2022
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1926:9-78-000718389-0
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1679:sodium hydroxide
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1361:Typha valentinii
1321:Typha × suwensis
1257:Typha orientalis
1217:Typha kalatensis
1192:– (Central Asia)
1101:Typha × bavarica
1053:Typha alekseevii
937:disperse by wind
905:perennial plants
798:American English
778:flowering plants
775:monocotyledonous
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
549:
474:
458:
441:
424:
407:
390:
363:Vitamin A equiv.
356:
323:
216:
203:
193:
172:
76:
75:
53:
39:
21:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3960:Root vegetables
3930:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3502:
3492:
3487:
3411:
3406:Oryza coarctata
3359:
3337:
3267:
3223:
3195:
3152:
3141:
3064:
3055:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2601:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2499:Economic Botany
2492:
2491:
2480:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2368:
2364:Typha latifolia
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2256:
2252:
2248:19(4): 285-286.
2243:
2239:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2017:
2016:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1726:
1703:
1675:
1652:
1591:
1572:
1560:corn on the cob
1507:
1502:
1454:T. angustifolia
1450:Typha latifolia
1407:
1405:Typha latifolia
1396:, United States
1383:
1373:Typha varsobica
1349:Typha tzvelevii
1297:Typha sistanica
1233:Typha laxmannii
1225:Typha latifolia
1174:T. angustifolia
1137:Typha davidiana
1048:– (Afghanistan)
1036:
996:Well-developed
967:Gulf of Bothnia
952:
950:General ecology
898:
890:grinding stones
786:British English
744:
740:
679:
666:
653:
640:
627:
614:
601:
588:
575:
562:
550:
520:
507:
494:
481:
472:
464:
456:
448:
439:
431:
422:
414:
405:
397:
388:
381:
379:
374:
369:
357:
328:
317:
312:
293:
288:
249:
244:
171:
70:
60:Typha latifolia
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Aquatic plants
3942:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3908:
3904:wfo-4000039672
3895:
3882:
3872:
3859:
3846:
3833:
3820:
3807:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3605:
3592:
3579:
3566:
3553:
3543:
3528:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3397:
3395:Kangaroo grass
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3011:
3010:External links
3008:
3006:
3005:
2990:
2975:
2960:
2945:
2914:
2873:
2862:(3): 259–264.
2846:
2839:
2822:
2787:
2780:
2762:
2737:
2710:(6): 529–536.
2693:
2674:
2658:
2651:
2633:
2614:
2599:
2576:
2569:
2546:
2524:
2478:
2471:
2451:
2424:
2398:
2379:(4): 361–369.
2373:Aquatic Botany
2348:
2321:
2296:
2284:
2271:
2250:
2237:
2220:
2213:
2190:
2188:77, 1093–1110.
2177:
2164:
2097:
2090:
2069:
2007:
1976:
1942:
1929:
1909:
1883:
1862:
1829:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1725:
1722:
1718:bioenergy crop
1702:
1699:
1674:
1671:
1651:
1648:
1590:
1587:
1571:
1568:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1466:T. domingensis
1382:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1313:Typha subulata
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1182:sterile hybrid
1169:Typha × glauca
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1113:
1109:Typha capensis
1105:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1040:
1035:
1032:
951:
948:
897:
894:
780:in the family
731:
730:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
706:
705:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
677:
675:
669:
668:
664:
662:
656:
655:
651:
649:
643:
642:
638:
636:
630:
629:
625:
623:
617:
616:
612:
610:
604:
603:
599:
597:
591:
590:
586:
584:
578:
577:
573:
571:
565:
564:
560:
558:
552:
551:
544:
539:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
518:
516:
510:
509:
505:
503:
497:
496:
492:
490:
484:
483:
479:
477:
467:
466:
462:
460:
451:
450:
446:
444:
434:
433:
429:
427:
417:
416:
412:
410:
400:
399:
395:
393:
383:
382:
377:
376:
372:
370:
365:
359:
358:
351:
346:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
319:
318:
315:
313:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
289:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
247:
245:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
209:
208:
207:
206:
198:
185:
184:
178:
177:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3977:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Poales genera
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:Domestication
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Founder crops
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Amaranthaceae
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Pseudocereals
3238:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:pseudocereals
3059:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2934:(2): 79–104.
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2600:0-8117-0616-8
2596:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2091:9780521707725
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:down to line
1739:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:Lake Titicaca
1588:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1576:linoleic acid
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1492:and southern
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:T. orientalis
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:North America
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:Typha pallida
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:– (Mongolia,
1207:
1206:
1205:Typha joannis
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:Typha × gezei
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1117:Typha caspica
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
968:
964:
960:
956:
949:
947:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
867:
865:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:
772:
768:
762:
739:
738:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
701:
699:
695:
691:
683:
676:
674:
670:
663:
661:
657:
650:
648:
644:
637:
635:
631:
624:
622:
618:
611:
609:
605:
598:
596:
592:
585:
583:
579:
572:
570:
566:
559:
557:
553:
548:
543:
540:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
517:
515:
511:
504:
502:
498:
491:
489:
485:
478:
476:
468:
461:
459:
452:
445:
443:
435:
428:
426:
418:
411:
409:
404:Riboflavin (B
401:
394:
392:
384:
371:
368:
367:beta-Carotene
364:
360:
355:
350:
347:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
324:
320:
314:
311:
310:
304:
300:
296:
290:
287:
286:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
265:Dietary fiber
262:
258:
256:
252:
246:
243:
242:
241:Carbohydrates
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
217:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
188:
186:
183:
179:
175:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Tracheophytes
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3507:
3404:
3375:Canary grass
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3250:Polygonaceae
3097:Maize (Corn)
3019:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2830:
2825:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2771:
2765:
2754:. Retrieved
2752:. 2015-10-01
2749:
2740:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2642:
2636:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2589:
2579:
2559:
2543:p. 106.
2539:. New York:
2536:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2461:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2401:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2314:18 September
2312:. Retrieved
2306:
2299:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2235:118: 463–74.
2232:
2228:
2223:
2204:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2081:
2078:Stace, C. A.
2072:
2027:
2023:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1989:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1962:
1956:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1917:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1873:
1865:
1854:. Retrieved
1845:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1775:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:cradleboards
1737:
1727:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1695:Typha glauca
1694:
1676:
1666:
1654:
1653:
1634:are used as
1631:
1630:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1592:
1580:
1573:
1548:
1532:carbohydrate
1510:
1508:
1485:
1481:
1478:T. laxmannii
1477:
1473:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1404:
1389:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1342:Turkmenistan
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1249:Typha minima
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1203:
1197:Typha incana
1195:
1187:
1178:T. latifolia
1177:
1173:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1051:
1045:Typha albida
1043:
1037:
1023:
1022:
1004:
1002:
995:
986:
985:
972:
971:
958:
943:
941:
900:
899:
879:
868:
861:
849:
845:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
769:of about 30
736:
735:
734:
702:
697:
546:
541:
534:
353:
348:
341:
307:
283:
239:
200:
190:
167:
166:
130:
117:
104:
91:
58:
42:
36:
3723:iNaturalist
3532:Wikispecies
3298:A. cruentus
3291:A. caudatus
3092:Job's tears
2803:: 142–146.
2505:(1): 7–29.
2269:29, 232–44.
2175:54, 1832–8.
1969:12 December
1570:Agriculture
1210:Amur Oblast
1104:– (Germany)
991:Great Lakes
896:Description
834:New Zealand
387:Thiamine (B
137:Commelinids
111:Angiosperms
3934:Categories
3458:Tell Aswad
3400:Nipa grass
3153:(Triticum)
2756:2020-06-22
2630:: 114–129.
2000:4 February
1986:"Cumbungi"
1951:USDA, NRCS
1903:2024-06-21
1856:2024-03-28
1807:References
1769:chopsticks
1644:stone wool
1640:glass wool
1626:life vests
1378:Tajikistan
1366:Azerbaijan
1276:– (France)
1164:– (France)
1122:Azerbaijan
1013:introduced
1009:Everglades
998:aerenchyma
942:Fruits of
913:monoecious
888:grains on
877:habitats.
621:Phosphorus
201:Rohrbachia
3635:FloraBase
3423:Triticeae
3347:Lamiaceae
3258:Buckwheat
3137:Wild rice
3132:Triticale
2909:1687-9422
2817:2352-7102
2732:0961-9534
2141:0027-8424
1742:moccasins
1551:asparagus
1544:pesticide
1525:with 266
1482:T. minima
1324:– (Japan)
1140:– (China)
1003:Although
977:germinate
917:unisexual
832:, and in
810:Australia
782:Typhaceae
634:Potassium
608:Manganese
595:Magnesium
514:Vitamin K
501:Vitamin C
471:Folate (B
455:Vitamin B
421:Niacin (B
157:Typhaceae
81:Kingdom:
3886:VicFlora
3875:VASCAN:
3868:40021155
3863:Tropicos
3596:eFloraSA
3517:Wikidata
3419:See also
3282:Amaranth
3186:Norin 10
3181:Red Fife
3176:Khorasan
2957:: 45–55.
2690:: 9, 18.
2587:(1974).
2519:20072085
2444:28 March
2417:28 March
2341:28 March
2159:10759567
2080:(2010).
2064:20956317
1953:(n.d.).
1897:Archived
1893:30844154
1850:Archived
1840:(2024).
1801:kiełbasa
1784:diuretic
1663:New York
1555:Cossacks
1519:rhizomes
1505:Culinary
1470:American
1458:invasive
1354:Primorye
1300:– (Iran)
1220:– (Iran)
1096:– (Iran)
1058:Caucasus
1028:muskrats
981:rhizomes
915:, with
909:glabrous
882:rhizomes
814:cumbungi
794:reedmace
703:Quantity
647:Selenium
615:0.760 mg
576:0.041 mg
542:Quantity
536:Minerals
465:0.123 mg
449:0.234 mg
432:0.440 mg
415:0.025 mg
398:0.023 mg
349:Quantity
343:Vitamins
182:Synonyms
153:Family:
124:Monocots
32:Catstail
18:Cattails
3917:1415752
3754:1302023
3741:39601-1
3702:2702102
3523:Q145707
3328:Cañihua
3312:Celosia
3209:Einkorn
3122:Sorghum
3102:Millets
3070:Cereals
3058:Cereals
2928:Biomass
2893:: 1–9.
2712:Bibcode
2381:Bibcode
2119:Bibcode
2055:2973873
2032:Bibcode
1824:kew.org
1780:arsenic
1762:incense
1710:ethanol
1701:Biofuel
1603:Bolivia
1443:Croatia
1072:(India)
1017:Control
933:sausage
925:stamens
921:racemes
875:wetland
863:Scirpus
854:bulrush
846:bulrush
842:cattail
830:cattail
826:bulrush
818:bulrush
802:cattail
790:bulrush
771:species
712:92.65 g
680:0.24 mg
589:0.91 mg
556:Calcium
521:22.8 μg
495:23.7 mg
488:Choline
309:Protein
191:Massula
163:Genus:
143:Order:
85:Plantae
3837:PLANTS
3829:252000
3816:613197
3800:NZOR:
3689:TYPELE
3686:FoIO:
3679:134063
3653:134063
3575:100977
3562:105627
3549:195702
3546:APDB:
3333:Djulis
3318:Quinoa
3191:Winter
3151:Wheat
3082:Barley
2907:
2837:
2815:
2778:
2730:
2649:
2609:799792
2607:
2597:
2567:
2517:
2469:
2263:glauca
2211:
2157:
2147:
2139:
2088:
2062:
2052:
1924:
1891:
1881:
1734:tinder
1687:cotton
1564:pollen
1536:potato
1515:shoots
1494:Europe
1484:, and
963:Kälviä
959:Typhas
929:pollen
886:starch
858:sedges
822:Canada
667:109 mg
660:Sodium
654:0.6 μg
641:309 mg
569:Copper
508:0.7 mg
316:1.18 g
292:0.00 g
259:0.22 g
255:Sugars
248:5.14 g
225:Energy
147:Poales
3940:Typha
3912:WoRMS
3842:TYPHA
3767:42324
3749:IRMNG
3728:48686
3715:12513
3666:Typha
3661:FoAO2
3640:20922
3627:1TYHG
3614:66364
3601:Typha
3588:8W4H8
3538:Typha
3508:Typha
3380:Drinn
3219:Spelt
3214:Emmer
3201:Farro
3171:Durum
3166:Bread
3087:Fonio
3018:from
2924:Typha
2686:. 3.
2515:S2CID
2495:Typha
2369:(PDF)
2307:Typha
2259:Typha
2229:Typha
2150:18297
1776:Typha
1758:Typha
1754:Typha
1750:Typha
1738:Typha
1724:Other
1714:Typha
1706:Typha
1691:linen
1673:Fiber
1667:Typha
1659:paper
1655:Typha
1650:Paper
1632:Typha
1622:kapok
1618:Typha
1611:rafts
1607:Typha
1523:flour
1511:Typha
1426:Japan
1424:, in
1390:Typha
1070:jambu
1024:Typha
1005:Typha
987:Typha
973:Typha
944:Typha
901:Typha
850:raupo
820:, in
808:, in
806:punks
804:, or
796:, in
767:genus
765:is a
737:Typha
709:Water
628:45 mg
602:63 mg
563:54 mg
269:4.5 g
195:Dulac
168:Typha
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
43:Typha
3878:1799
3850:POWO
3793:4732
3788:NCBI
3762:ITIS
3736:IPNI
3710:GRIN
3697:GBIF
3622:EPPO
3570:BOLD
3557:APNI
3355:Chia
3127:Teff
3112:Rice
3107:Oats
3060:and
2905:ISSN
2891:2015
2835:ISBN
2813:ISSN
2776:ISBN
2728:ISSN
2647:ISBN
2605:OCLC
2595:ISBN
2565:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2446:2021
2419:2021
2362:and
2343:2021
2316:2014
2209:ISBN
2155:PMID
2137:ISSN
2086:ISBN
2060:PMID
2002:2023
1971:2015
1922:ISBN
1889:PMID
1879:ISBN
1689:and
1683:jute
1601:and
1599:Peru
1542:and
1540:lead
1527:kcal
1500:Uses
1490:Asia
1419:gama
880:The
838:reed
673:Zinc
582:Iron
482:3 μg
380:6 μg
375:1 μg
3899:WFO
3775:NBN
3674:FoC
3648:FNA
3609:EoL
3583:CoL
3117:Rye
2936:doi
2895:doi
2864:doi
2805:doi
2720:doi
2507:doi
2389:doi
2145:PMC
2127:doi
2050:PMC
2040:doi
2028:107
1846:FDA
1732:as
1642:or
1624:in
1597:in
1460:in
1376:– (
1364:– (
1352:– (
1340:– (
1120:– (
1056:– (
860:in
848:or
836:as
828:or
824:as
816:or
812:as
800:as
788:as
773:of
639:10%
613:33%
600:15%
547:%DV
519:19%
354:%DV
285:Fat
3936::
3914::
3901::
3888::
3865::
3852::
3839::
3826::
3813::
3790::
3777::
3764::
3751::
3738::
3725::
3712::
3699::
3676::
3663::
3650::
3637::
3624::
3611::
3598::
3585::
3572::
3559::
3534::
3519::
2932:17
2930:.
2903:.
2889:.
2885:.
2860:26
2858:.
2811:.
2799:.
2748:.
2726:.
2718:.
2708:30
2706:.
2688:14
2670:).
2626:.
2603:.
2549:^
2527:^
2513:.
2503:29
2501:.
2481:^
2436:.
2410:.
2387:.
2377:78
2375:.
2371:.
2333:.
2261:×
2193:^
2153:.
2143:.
2135:.
2125:.
2115:97
2113:.
2109:.
2058:.
2048:.
2038:.
2026:.
2022:.
2010:^
1988:.
1961:.
1895:.
1887:.
1848:.
1844:.
1822:.
1803:.
1720:.
1646:.
1605:,
1585:.
1496:.
1480:,
1464:.
1416:,
1176:×
939:.
844:,
840:,
752:aɪ
678:2%
665:5%
652:1%
626:4%
587:5%
574:5%
561:4%
506:1%
493:4%
480:1%
463:7%
447:5%
430:3%
413:2%
396:2%
378:0%
373:0%
174:L.
133::
120::
107::
94::
3050:e
3043:t
3036:v
2942:.
2938::
2911:.
2897::
2870:.
2866::
2843:.
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