1132:
63:
364:. Many species were also described by Hemsley (1883), Richter (1897), Donnell Smith (1899), Rusby (1907, 1910), Huber (1910), Robinson (1912), Pittier (1917), Bailey (1922), and the most extensive number by Snethlage (1923, 1924). Additional species were recognized by Burret (1924), Mildbread (1925, 1933), Standly (1929, 1940), Macbride (1937), Diels (1941), Standley & Steyermark (1944), and Stadley & Williems (1952).
1145:
40:
660:
640:
it ideal for wind pollination. Wind pollination is the dominant form, but insects, small beetles, and flies can be pollinators. In the
Neotropics, toucans and other birds help disperse the seeds of species with short infructescences, while bats are associated with species with long peduncles and spikes. Species growing near rivers, though, are usually dispersed by water.
1005:
trees is planting them in soil erosion-prone areas. The trees make few demands on the soil and grow very quickly. The trees are used in clear-cut areas because they retain the soil, create new biomass, and allow other types of plants to settle in the area. Berg and
Rosselli stated that decoctions of
639:
are adapted to wind pollination- either by pendulous spikes, which can be moved by the wind to shed the pollen or by the special adaptation of detachment of anthers, and their secondary attachment allowing the shedding of pollen by motion of anthers. The dryness and its easy release by movement make
558:
are lowland humid/rainforest species occurring from sea level to 1,300 m in altitude, while submontane species occupy an altitudinal range from 1,300-2,000 m, and montane species are found in cloud forest from 2,000-2,600 m. Many species have a narrow altitudinal and ecological niche, with certain
549:
are montane or submontane Andean, with the majority of species in the northern part of the Andes, in
Colombia and Ecuador. The Andean region is regarded as the center of species richness and speciation because of the additional 25% of lowland taxa that reach the eastern or western foothills of the
450:
When the branches are cut, they release a watery, often mucilaginous sap, which turns black when it is exposed to the air. To prevent inhabitation by ants and occupation and damage by herbivorous insect larvae, the terminal buds and upper internodes are filled with mucilage. Several species' leafy
389:
trees because of their open, leafless branches compared to other trees. Berg and
Roselli state, “Branch development is often initiated in seedlings, even in the axils of the first formed (opposite) leaves; prophylls are formed, and often the development of the first leaf begins but is arrested (if
371:
in the
Urticales and Moraceae (Concephaleideae) because of its woody bark. Later based on the floral characters, most notably the basal ovule and gynoecium, which appears to be formed from a single carpel, Thorne (1976) moved it to the Malvanae- Urticales, family Urticaceae. Berg (1978), however,
1722:
Caldas dos Santos, Talitha; Rescignano, Nicoletta; Boff, Laurita; Reginatto, Flávio
Henrique; Simões, Cláudia Maria Oliveira; de Campos, Angela Machado; Mijangos, Carmen (June 2017). "In vitro antiherpes effect of C -glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA
997:
wood. In addition, the wood is used for production of matches and cheap boxes. An attempt was made to use the wood to produce paper, but the wood pulp was too high in resin and it was not suitable. The fibers of the bark can be twisted into rope and the ropes are manufactured for bowstrings and
915:
species have a higher demand for light, occur in open habitats, relatively rapid growth rates, and short-lived leaves. According to McKey's theory, these pioneer species tend to invest more heavily in pearl bodies and less heavily in
Mullerian bodies than more shade-tolerant species with slower
384:
The genus is easily identified by its large, circular, palmately lobed leaves, about 30–40 cm in diameter and deeply divided into 7–11 lobes. The trees consist of very few branches, usually with candelabrum-like branching system. In Costa Rica, three-toed sloths are often spotted easily in
484:
such as the stipules, the spathes, and the main veins of the lamina have red-coloring substances. The concentration of the substances varies, even within species, and some parts can be green, bluish, pale pink, dark red, dark purple, and even blackish. The color may fade with age, and can be
566:
are some of the most abundant pioneer tree species in natural tree-fall gaps inside primary forests. Its geographic distribution extends along the
Pacific and Atlantic Mexican coasts and in Central and South American forests, and are found over an elevation range of 0 to 2,600 m.
599:, which was introduced in the 1960s. The species is successful as an invasive species because of its ability to pollinate without the need for pollinators, the possible preferential liking for its fruits by frugivorous birds, and its lack of natural predators.
948:
in at least some parts of their distribution, myrmecophytes comprise the vast majority (80%) of species in the genus; most nonmyrmecophytes occur at higher elevations and on islands, where their ants are missing.” (Berg, Rosselli and
Davidson, 2005: page 214)
626:
trees can produce up to a million seeds, and this regular presence of fruits allows this genus to play a major role in the ecosystem. It is often the keystone food supply for frugivorous animals, such as birds, fruit bats, monkeys, opossums, and even fish.
1803:
Lok, A. F., Chong, K.Y, Nghiem, T. P, and H. T. Tan. “The
Distribution and Ecology of Cecropia Species (Urticaceae) in Singapore” Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore. Nature in Singapore 2010 pages 199-200.
972:
is endemic to the New World and its greatest abundance is in the lowland tropics. In the article written by Davidson, 2005 on page 221, Table 1 contains known obligate Cecropia-ants listed by species and geographic distribution. Ants and
953:
Myrmecophytism is a mutualistic relationship formed with ant colonies, where the ants protect the tree from herbivory and the trees provide shelter and food for the ants. Along with protection against herbivory, the ants also prevent the
1006:
leaves are made to stimulate the cardiac system, to treat asthma and pneumonia, to treat diabetes and as a diuretic. Powder of leaves is used for control of Parkinson's disease and extract of roots is used to heal wounds or eczema.
571:
species are among the most abundant pioneers of other neotropical forests. It is native to the Neotropics and occurs as an introduced exotic plant elsewhere. In most low-elevation, wet regions of the Neotropics,
622:
is tuberculate in most species, although it is smooth in some species. Seeds can be viable for more than five years and germinate when triggered by full sunlight and changing temperatures. Full-grown
390:
the seedling is not decapitated). In the axils of the leaves formed during later development, the axillary branch primordia do not produce more than one or two prophylls and a bud.” The branches of
1764:
Alvarez-Buylia, Elena and Andriana A. Garay. “Population Genetic Structure of Cecropia obtusifolia, A Tropical Pioneer Tree Species” Evolution, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Apr., 1994), pp. 437–453.
977:
have coadapted to each other, meaning that each species has evolved one or more traits in response to selective pressures exerted by the other. An example is the recognition and use of both
441:
spp. are usually full of vines, but not normally overgrown by them. Most species have internodes that are hollow and contain whitish pith. These internodes provide a nesting area for the
330:
was first recognized and accounted for by Marcgrave (1648) and Piso (1658), the latter including an illustration with characteristic features. Loefling (1758) coined the generic name
1862:
Thorne, R. F. 1976. A phylogenetic classification of the Angiospermae. pp. 35–106. In: Hecht, Steere, & Wallace, eds. Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 9. New York: Plenum Press.
504:
is radiate, and the lamina is radially incised between the radiating main veins. Variation is high in the number of lobes or leaf segments, ranging from five to more than 20.
651:
spp. are generally not endangered; so no major conservation efforts are in place. Their abundance increases temporarily with the clearing of forest or creation of gaps.
998:
hammocks. The leaves can also be burned and the ashes mixed in with roasted and powdered coca leaves to be placed between the cheek and gum under the tongue as “dip”.
521:, with its umbrella-shaped leaves, stilt roots, large leaves with wide lobes, and whitish color on the underside. The distinctions between the two, however, are: the
2086:
2112:
1814:
867:
is a major pioneer tree genus in regions of the Neotropics with wet lowland and montane forest. These trees are characteristic features of many American
1777:
Berg, C.C. and Pilar Franco Rosselli and Diane W. Davidson. 2005. “Cecropia” Flora Neotropica, Vol 94 pp. 1–230. New York Botanical Garden Press.
2034:
2099:
2047:
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intrinsic growth rates and longer leaf lifespans. In the small light gaps (which are more shaded than normal), the most distinctive myrmecophytic
958:
from encroaching vines and other plants. This may vary between or within species and over geographical locations. The main ants found living in
250:
is most studied for its ecological role and association with ants. Its classification is controversial; in the past, it has been placed in the
2148:
269:
The genus is native to the American tropics, where it is one of the most recognizable components of the rainforest. The genus is named after
559:
species specializing in specific habitats, such as seasonally inundated habitats, rocky slopes, swamps, natural or man-made clearings, etc.
587:
are invasive species in Old World localities including Singapore, Cameroon, Java, Malaysia, Ivory Coast, French Polynesia, and Hawaii.
353:
1798:
610:
species have staminate and pistillate flowers on separate trees, more commonly referred to as a dioecious species. The fruits are
777:
429:) rarely surpass 5 m. The high degree of variation can be attributed to regional habitat differences and longevity. The family
2073:
591:
has been nominated as one of the “100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species” by the Global Invasive Species Database.
315:. Spanish-speaking countries in Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador commonly use the vernacular name,
2104:
993:
trees is used by local people mainly to make musical instruments and tool handles. Flutes and guitars are commonly made of
940:
is unrivaled for the number of myrmecophytes, or true “ant-plants” counted among its species. Based on the proportion of
1807:
Longino, John T. "The Cecropia-Azteca association in Costa Rica." Olympia, WA: The Evergreen State College, 2005. Print.
883:, known in Brazil as "silver cecropia", has broad, silver-hued leaves that make it desirable as an ornamental plant for
352:, which was also applied to a various species. Over the next decade, additional species were added by Bertoloni (1840),
1119:
species. However, scientists in Brazil have been studying the preparation of pharmaceutical products containing mainly
1956:
1943:
895:
indicating them as “gap” and “pioneer” species under different light regimens and nutrient treatments. Some species (
2220:
2161:
263:
2117:
871:
ecosystems and may be among the dominant tree species in some places. Being aggressive, rapid-growth trees, whose
2225:
1810:
Longino, John T. "Cecropia of Costa Rica." Academic Program Pages at Evergreen. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. <
550:
Andes. Therefore, only about 25% of the species occur outside of the Andean region. A map of the distribution of
360:(1851). Mixing of specimens was very common and a problem arose, which continues today, with many collections of
62:
20:
1681:
Beringhs, André O.; Souza, Fagner M.; de Campos, Angela M.; Ferraz, Humberto G.; Sonaglio, Diva (January 2013).
1123:
extracts. The preparation of pellets by extrusion-spheronization and polymeric nanoparticles has been reported.
437:, they become stilt-roots, which are a common feature of large trees, especially living near rivers or marshes.
1811:
2166:
595:
was introduced to the Singapore Botanic Gardens in 1902 and has spread widely throughout Singapore along with
1359:
2008:
1886:
1349:
1342:
813:
1961:
1223:
2013:
1397:
1278:
1196:
1182:
1162:
1153:
1015:
821:
345:
49:
1335:
1254:
1206:
1136:
1131:
1303:
513:
2127:
2052:
1982:
1786:
Engler, A 1964. Syllabus der Pflanzerfamilian, H.Melchior (ed.), 12th ed., vol. 2 Borntraeger, Berlin
1414:
1407:
1271:
1261:
911:) do not show the traits of pioneer species, though, as they occur evenly in the forest. The pioneer
805:
763:
945:
1247:
1036:
868:
841:
1190:
2187:
2153:
2021:
1313:
797:
57:
978:
156:
2215:
2135:
2091:
1969:
1794:
1748:
1740:
1704:
1216:
1172:
1084:
1049:
as an emergency remedy (although there is no strong scientific evidence that this is useful).
853:
357:
1828:
Rocha, F.F.; Lima-Landman, M.T.R.; Souccar, C.; Tanae, M.M.; De Lima, T.C.M. & Lapa, A.J.
307:"). In English, these trees are occasionally called pumpwoods (though this may also refer to
2140:
1851:
1732:
1694:
1683:"Technological development of Cecropia glaziovi extract pellets by extrusion-spheronization"
1320:
1240:
1041:
690:
522:
497:
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occur at a height of 0.6 to 1 m and the branches depart at acute angles. In most species of
340:
239:
1291:
1818:
1233:
876:
100:
2026:
1783:
Burger, W. 1977. Flora Costaricensis, Family #52, Moraceae. Fieldiana, Botany 40:94-215.
828:, so these animals are important in distributing the trees. Some birds – e.g. the
409:
species, but most form small to medium-sized trees, 5–15 m tall. Although some species (
1924:
1286:
1148:
1046:
1020:
729:
636:
227:
87:
1144:
454:
Berg and Rosselli describe in detail six types of trichomes that can be recognized on
2209:
1058:
789:
745:
705:
697:
672:
463:
335:
173:
1699:
1682:
402:, the branches depart at obtuse angles and the crown has a distinct umbrella shape.
2192:
1824:
Judd, et al. Plant systematics. 2. ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2002. Print.
1100:
964:
829:
725:
474:
443:
430:
372:
placed it in its own family Cecropiaceae. When phylogenetic data became available,
251:
219:
1974:
1948:
1935:
222:. Berg and Rosselli state that the genus is characterized by some unusual traits:
1855:
2060:
1918:
884:
879:
to occupy former forest areas cleared for pasture or altered by human activity.
686:
554:
can be found in the article written by Berg and Rosselli, 2005. Most species of
459:
295:
200:
39:
1736:
1115:
So far, no pharmaceuticals in the North or South American markets are based on
932:
often display myrmecophytism as a form of biotic defense. D.W. Davidson said,
875:
fruits are readily sought by various animals, they tend to be among the first
709:
273:, the mythical first king of Athens. Common local names in Venezuela include
259:
235:
215:
146:
1909:
1744:
1708:
968:
ants, although all ants belong to the same family, the Formicidae. The genus
1995:
1812:
http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/ants/antplants/CECROPIA/Cecropia.html
1054:
1032:
872:
825:
741:
737:
717:
659:
615:
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attaches at the base of the leaf rather than at the center of the leaf like
470:
270:
207:
2179:
1752:
458:
and more information on each can be found in their paper. They are: thick
2174:
1903:
1028:
772:
619:
466:
255:
231:
206:
consisting of 61 recognized species with a highly distinctive lineage of
113:
1872:
736:, which vigorously defend their host plants against getting eaten. This
533:
has leaf lobes that are triangular and pointed at the tip, whereas most
2039:
1778:
1765:
493:
136:
2065:
668:
611:
243:
223:
126:
1880:
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trees are ubiquitous and important invaders of man-made clearings.
2078:
2000:
1143:
1130:
1104:
1067:
891:. Greenhouse experiments have been performed with some species of
713:
682:
658:
496:, almost circular in circumference. The lamina is attached to the
211:
203:
74:
214:
consists of pioneer trees in the more or less humid parts of the
1080:
1072:
785:
501:
1884:
485:
deposited equally or in patterns such as longitudinal stripes.
1987:
1096:
1092:
759:
293:") to distinguish them from the similar-looking but unrelated
712:
with the plant genus. The leaves and buds are also eaten by
1045:
root is chewed and given to dogs that have been bitten by
266:
system places the "cecropiacean" group in the Urticaceae.
238:(trichilia) producing Mullerian (food) at the base of the
451:
twigs are covered by a waxy layer, making them bluish.
433:
is characterized by having adventitious roots, and in
1893:
1876:
spp. (Raintree Nutrition - Tropical Plant Database)
1065:leaf ash is used in the traditional preparation of
1035:; some species also have cultural significance. In
758:, are a popular food of diverse animals, including
618:, oblongoid, elliptic, subobovoid or subovoid. The
887:projects, as is the case with the similar species
981:and Mullerian bodies by queens and worker ants.
425:) grow much taller, as large as 40 m, and some (
226:fully enclosing the flower-bearing parts of the
1842:characterization of the underlying mechanism.
1649:Backes & Irgang (2004), pgs.170 & 171
8:
405:High variation is seen in the morphology of
1023:-like activity in rats. Native peoples use
852:leaves as nesting material, which no other
1881:
38:
27:
1698:
376:was then moved back into the Urticaceae.
218:, with the majority of the species being
545:Between 40 and 50% of the 61 species of
1772:Mata Atlântica: as árvores e a paisagem
1427:
1053:leaves can be used as a substitute for
716:as their main source of food, but many
681:species are used as food plants by the
1830:(2007): Antidepressant-like effect of
1774:. Porto Alegre, Paisagem do Sul, 2004.
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1458:
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1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
517:is very similar in appearance to the
7:
2128:7356a83c-56b6-417f-bf33-c2baf711e788
1779:https://www.jstor.org/stable/4393938
1770:Backes, Paulo & Irgang, Bruno -
1766:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2410103
1725:Materials Science and Engineering: C
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1550:Berg, Rosselli & Davidson (2005)
635:Traits of the staminate flowers and
1834:Sneth and its constituents –
1687:Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
1091:wood is used in the manufacture of
1789:Frisch, J.D. & Frisch, C.D. -
1640:Frisch & Frisch (2005), pg.358
1631:Backes & Irgang (2004), pg.168
344:which he applied to many species.
14:
1376:(Snethl.) C.C.Berg & P.Franco
2167:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331474-2
1327:– Shield-leaved pumpwood,
856:(family Parulidae) seems to do.
778:Central American squirrel monkey
740:has been studied extensively by
462:hairs, thin unicellular hairs,
262:(the nettle family). The modern
61:
1793:, 3rd. edition, S.Paulo, 2005,
1700:10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000123
246:becoming detached at anthesis.
1:
936:“In all the world, the genus
824:. The seeds are not normally
447:ants that inhabit the trees.
1856:10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.011
1613:Alvarez-Buylia et al. (1994)
367:Hans Melchior (1964) placed
1111:Pharmaceutical applications
2242:
1737:10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.135
264:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
258:(the mulberry family), or
18:
962:are different species of
720:avoid these plants; most
631:Pollination and dispersal
477:), and MĂĽllerian bodies.
185:
180:
58:Scientific classification
56:
46:
37:
30:
21:Cecropia (disambiguation)
16:Genus of flowering plants
708:species, however, thus
541:Habitat and distribution
473:hairs, pearl glands (or
311:specifically) or simply
848:) is notable for using
689:species, including the
285:, or more specifically
1157:
1141:
1001:The main human use of
822:nine-primaried oscines
814:bare-throated bellbird
773:short-tailed fruit bat
675:
614:enveloped by a fleshy
492:species are large and
1398:Cecropia sciadophylla
1386:Cecropia schreberiana
1369:Cecropia schreberiana
1360:Cecropia schreberiana
1279:Cecropia pachystachya
1163:Cecropia angustifolia
1154:Cecropia pachystachya
1147:
1134:
802:Ramphastos sulfuratus
662:
562:Species in the genus
1415:Cecropia velutinella
1408:Cecropia utcubambana
1350:Cecropia polystachya
1343:Cecropia polyphlebia
1272:Cecropia obtusifolia
1079:bark can be used in
806:peach-fronted conure
794:Pteroglossus viridis
768:Artibeus jamaicensis
488:The leaves of adult
19:For other uses, see
1248:Cecropia multiflora
1224:Cecropia lyratiloba
1037:Trinidad and Tobago
869:tropical rainforest
842:elfin-woods warbler
820:) and particularly
818:Procnias nudicollis
702:Hyalophora cecropia
234:, patches of dense
187:About 25, see text
1817:2017-09-23 at the
1586:Judd et al. (2002)
1314:Cecropia pastasana
1197:Cecropia hololeuca
1183:Cecropia glaziovii
1158:
1142:
1075:-based stimulant.
944:species producing
836:) – nest in
798:keel-billed toucan
730:dolichoderine ants
676:
299:(which are called
50:Cecropia glaziovii
2221:Urticaceae genera
2203:
2202:
2136:Open Tree of Life
1887:Taxon identifiers
1858:
1832:Cecropia glazioui
1403:
1377:
1365:
1355:
1336:Cecropia pittieri
1326:
1309:
1284:
1267:
1255:Cecropia myrtluca
1229:
1217:Cecropia longipes
1212:
1207:Cecropia insignis
1202:
1188:
1178:
1173:Cecropia concolor
1168:
1137:Cecropia insignis
854:New World warbler
846:Setophaga angelae
834:Nyctibius griseus
782:Saimiri oerstedii
694:Hypercompe icasia
323:Taxonomic history
192:
191:
176:
2233:
2226:Dioecious plants
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2094:
2082:
2081:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1882:
1850:
1829:
1791:Aves Brasileiras
1757:
1756:
1723:nanoparticles".
1719:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:Lok et al (2010)
1602:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1435:
1432:
1401:
1375:
1363:
1353:
1331:, "trumpet tree"
1324:
1321:Cecropia peltata
1307:
1304:Cecropia palmata
1282:
1265:
1241:Cecropia maxonii
1227:
1210:
1200:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1127:Selected species
946:Mullerian bodies
920:spp, are found.
810:Eupsittula aurea
764:common fruit bat
754:fruit, known as
514:Pourouma bicolor
341:Cecropia peltata
172:
66:
65:
42:
28:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2090:
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1234:Cecropia maxima
1129:
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889:C. pachystachya
877:pioneer species
862:
860:Pioneer species
657:
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597:C. pachystachya
581:C. pachystachya
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508:Similar species
423:C. sciadophylla
396:C. hispidissima
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348:(1806) created
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1128:
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1109:
1083:making and in
1021:antidepressant
989:The wood from
986:
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951:
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924:Myrmecophytism
922:
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706:North American
656:
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632:
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47:Red cecropia,
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1577:Thorne (1976)
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1380:C. antillarum
1374:
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1059:South America
1057:. In western
1056:
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909:C. telenitida
906:
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790:green aracari
787:
783:
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769:
765:
761:
757:
756:snake fingers
753:
749:
747:
746:Daniel Janzen
743:
739:
735:
732:of the genus
731:
727:
726:myrmecophytes
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:Cecropia moth
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
673:French Guiana
670:
666:
661:
654:
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625:
621:
617:
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582:
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560:
557:
553:
548:
540:
538:
537:are rounded.
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
483:
480:Parts of the
478:
476:
472:
468:
465:
464:pluricellular
461:
457:
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448:
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436:
432:
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424:
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412:
408:
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365:
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347:
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302:
301:yagrumo macho
298:
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220:myrmecophytic
217:
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210:trees. The
209:
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88:Tracheophytes
86:
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55:
52:
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45:
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36:
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22:
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1645:
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1609:
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1573:
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1430:
1413:
1406:
1396:
1390:schreberiana
1389:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1368:
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1328:
1319:
1312:
1302:
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1277:
1270:
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1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1191:red cecropia
1181:
1171:
1161:
1152:
1135:
1121:C. glaziovii
1120:
1116:
1114:
1103:models, and
1101:aeromodeling
1088:
1076:
1066:
1062:
1050:
1040:
1024:
1016:C. glaziovii
1014:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1000:
994:
990:
988:
974:
969:
963:
959:
955:
952:
941:
937:
929:
927:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
881:C. hololeuca
880:
864:
863:
849:
845:
837:
833:
830:common potoo
817:
809:
801:
793:
788:such as the
781:
771:
767:
755:
751:
750:
733:
721:
701:
693:
691:arctiid moth
678:
677:
664:
648:
647:
644:Conservation
634:
623:
607:
606:
603:Reproduction
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:The species
578:
573:
568:
563:
561:
555:
551:
546:
544:
534:
530:
526:
518:
512:
511:
489:
487:
481:
479:
475:pearl bodies
455:
453:
449:
442:
438:
434:
431:Cecropiaceae
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:C. distachya
410:
406:
404:
399:
395:
391:
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383:
373:
368:
366:
361:
356:(1841), and
349:
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331:
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316:
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308:
304:
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281:
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275:
274:
268:
252:Cecropiaceae
247:
195:
194:
193:
186:
167:
166:
120:
107:
94:
81:
48:
31:
25:
2061:iNaturalist
1919:Wikispecies
1568:Engler 1964
1297:C. adenopus
928:Species of
905:C. teleabla
885:landscaping
840:trees. The
687:Lepidoptera
460:unicellular
419:C. insignis
380:Description
334:. In 1759,
296:Didymopanax
236:indumentums
201:Neotropical
101:Angiosperms
2210:Categories
1422:References
1373:antillarum
1329:bois canĂ´t
1042:C. peltata
1027:for food,
979:prostomata
742:biologists
728:, housing
718:herbivores
710:allopatric
593:C. peltata
589:C. peltata
585:C. peltata
415:C. herthae
392:C. garciae
350:C. palmate
338:described
260:Urticaceae
216:Neotropics
157:Cecropieae
147:Urticaceae
1745:0928-4931
1709:0102-695X
1071:, a mild
1055:sandpaper
1033:herbalism
1031:, and in
901:C. tacuna
897:C. maxima
873:succulent
762:like the
738:symbiosis
724:spp. are
616:perianths
471:cystolith
467:trichomes
346:Willdenow
313:Cecropias
289:("female
271:Cecrops I
208:dioecious
71:Kingdom:
2216:Cecropia
2180:40003290
2175:Tropicos
2079:331474-2
2027:Cecropia
1925:Cecropia
1904:Wikidata
1895:Cecropia
1874:Cecropia
1840:in vitro
1815:Archived
1753:28415409
1285:–
1189:–
1117:Cecropia
1089:Cecropia
1077:Cecropia
1063:Cecropia
1051:Cecropia
1029:firewood
1025:Cecropia
1019:) shows
1011:Cecropia
1003:Cecropia
995:Cecropia
991:Cecropia
975:Cecropia
960:Cecropia
956:Cecropia
942:Cecropia
938:Cecropia
930:Cecropia
918:Cecropia
913:Cecropia
893:Cecropia
865:Cecropia
850:Cecropia
838:Cecropia
826:digested
752:Cecropia
744:such as
722:Cecropia
685:of some
679:Cecropia
665:Cecropia
649:Cecropia
624:Cecropia
620:pericarp
608:Cecropia
574:Cecropia
569:Cecropia
564:Cecropia
556:Cecropia
552:Cecropia
547:Cecropia
535:Cecropia
531:Pourouma
527:Cecropia
519:Cecropia
502:venation
490:Cecropia
482:Cecropia
456:Cecropia
439:Cecropia
435:Cecropia
407:Cecropia
400:Cecropia
387:Cecropia
374:Cecropia
369:Cecropia
362:Cecropia
358:Liebmann
336:Linnaeus
332:Cecropia
328:Cecropia
303:, "male
256:Moraceae
248:Cecropia
232:anthesis
196:Cecropia
181:Species
168:Cecropia
143:Family:
114:Eudicots
32:Cecropia
2092:1369043
2040:2984472
1910:Q414264
1836:In vivo
1187:Snethl.
1140:foliage
1085:tannery
812:), the
804:), the
796:), the
784:), and
704:) is a
655:Ecology
612:achenes
523:petiole
498:petiole
494:peltate
427:C. ulei
354:Martius
317:guarumo
305:yagrumo
291:yagrumo
282:yagrumo
244:anthers
240:petiole
224:spathes
163:Genus:
153:Tribe:
137:Rosales
133:Order:
75:Plantae
2149:PLANTS
2141:320724
2125:NZOR:
2014:105973
1962:148736
1949:149560
1936:189206
1933:APDB:
1804:Print.
1797:
1751:
1743:
1707:
1671:(2007)
1669:et al.
1667:Rocha
1354:Trécul
1308:Willd.
1283:Trécul
1266:Trécul
1211:Liebm.
1177:Willd.
1167:Trécul
970:Azteca
965:Azteca
907:, and
776:, the
770:) and
734:Azteca
714:sloths
696:; the
683:larvae
669:Kourou
663:Young
500:, the
444:Azteca
421:, and
276:yarumo
242:, and
230:until
174:Loefl.
127:Rosids
2154:CECRO
2118:77071
2105:19213
2087:IRMNG
2066:83989
2022:FoAO2
2001:1CECG
1988:61334
1821:>.
1402:Mart.
1388:ssp.
1371:ssp.
1292:ambay
1105:rafts
1093:boxes
1068:ypadu
786:birds
667:sp.,
212:genus
204:genus
199:is a
121:Clade
108:Clade
95:Clade
82:Clade
2162:POWO
2113:NCBI
2100:ITIS
2074:IPNI
2053:2212
2048:GRIN
2035:GBIF
1996:EPPO
1975:3JWC
1957:BOLD
1944:APNI
1838:and
1795:ISBN
1749:PMID
1741:ISSN
1705:ISSN
1364:Miq.
1228:Miq.
1201:Miq.
1097:toys
1081:rope
1073:coca
1009:Red
760:bats
583:and
529:and
394:and
2188:WFO
2009:FNA
1983:EoL
1970:CoL
1852:doi
1733:doi
1695:doi
1378:(=
1295:(=
985:Use
279:or
2212::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2138::
2115::
2102::
2089::
2076::
2063::
2050::
2037::
2024::
2011::
1998::
1985::
1972::
1959::
1946::
1921::
1906::
1847:14
1747:.
1739:.
1729:75
1727:.
1703:.
1691:23
1689:.
1685:.
1618:^
1591:^
1439:^
1325:L.
1289:,
1151:,
1107:.
1099:,
1095:,
1087:.
1061:,
1039:,
903:,
899:,
748:.
671:,
469:,
417:,
413:,
319:.
254:,
123::
110::
97::
84::
1854::
1755:.
1735::
1711:.
1697::
1382:)
1299:)
1013:(
844:(
832:(
816:(
808:(
800:(
792:(
780:(
766:(
700:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
